Jill Nicholl's MT course notebook

Jill Nicholl's MT course notebook

Includes don'ts for MT drivers, technical terms, notes on vehicle chassis and drive shafts, brakes, bearings, care and maintenance, inspections, controls and engines. Goes on with using maps and routes. Continues with lubricating systems, accident procedure, fuel pumps, ignition. Covers decontamination, dynamos. braking systems, convoy regulations, lighting, MT forms, frost precautions, batteries, methods of immobilization, MT Publications and logbooks, running faults, fire precautions and extinguishers, other MT procedures and regulations, towing,

1942-08

1942-09

Multi-page handwritten notebook

This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.

MNichollsJEK2011088-200201-01

[Underlined] 2011088. ACW2. NICHOLLS. J.E.K. [/underlined]

[Underlined] 5th ENTRY [/underlined]

Form 619.

ROYAL AIR FORCE.

Notebook for use in Schools.

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[Blank page]

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[Underlined] Class 3. [/underlined] [Underlined] July 31 [missing text] [/underlined]
[Underlined] Cpl. J [missing letters] [/underlined]

[Underlined] Some dont’s [sic] for M.T. Drivers. [/underlined]

1. Don’t agitate the accelerator pedal up and down when starting engine. On most vehicles this only upsets the starting mixture.
2. Don’t keep pulling on the starter knob after the engine has started.
3. Don’t drive with the choke control out. [Deleted] 4 [/deleted] Push the choke in as soon as possible.
4. Don’t stop [sic] up the radiator with any old rubbish. If your vehicle is filled with anti-freeze, top up with this compound only. If filled with water top up with soft water if possible. If you have to fill from a stream, remove any foreign bodies.
5. Don’t pour cold water into a hot radiator and engine, allow to cool first.
6 Don’t imagine a [underlined] No Water Board [/underlined] is hung on the radiator for fun.
7 Don’t dip the oil with the engine running, or when it has just stopped, the dip stick won’t tell the truth.
8 Don’t continue to run the engine with the oil pressure guage [sic] reading Zero, or with the warning lamp alight, your engine may be dangerously low of oil.
9 Don’t ride the clutch, it is not a foot rest.
10 Don’t coast, the brakes may not be as good as you [missing word].

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11 Don’t try to start away in one of the higher gears, there is a reason for fitting low.
12 Don’t turn the steering wheel while the vehicle is stationary.
13 Don’t get the idea that the maintenance schedule is for the other drivers [deleted word] [inserted] guidance [/inserted], it is compiled especially for you.
14. Don’t imagine because you are a good driver you will never have an accident, remember the fool around the corner and be specially careful.

[Underlined] Technical Terms. [/underlined]

1. [Underlined] Near Side [/underlined] means left hand side of vehicle
2. [Underlined] Off. Side [/underlined] means right hand side of vehicle
3 [Underlined] Right Lock. [/underlined] means turn steering wheel to right
4. [Underlined] Left Lock [/underlined] means turn steering wheel to left.
5. [Underlined] Right Hand Down. [/underlined] Right Lock
6. [Underlined] Left Hand Down. [/underlined] Left Lock.
7. U/S. Unserviceable
8. M.P.H. Miles per hour.
9. M.P.G. Miles per gallon.
10. D.I. Daily Inspection
[Missing number] Revs. Revolutions.

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[Diagram] – weight of vehicle & its load.
– Weight of vehicle, its load, & trailer and its load.

Training Command. H.
Group. (morecombe). 20.

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[Underlined] CHASSIS OF LORRY. [/underlined]

[Diagram]

[Inserted] King Pin on Brake drum [indecipherable words] or King pin.

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[Underlined] OBJECT OF MAIN CHASSIS COMPONENTS. [/underlined]

[Underlined] Fan. [/underlined] Its purpose is to cool the water as it passes through the radiator.
[Underlined] Engine or Power Unit [/underlined] develops the power necessary to drive the vehicle.
[Underlined] Fly Wheel [/underlined] Is a circular mass of metal, bolted to the rear end of the crank shaft to balance the engine, and keep it running evenly; and assist the engine over the 3 idle strokes (Induction, compression, exhaust); also forms a housing for the clutch.
[Underlined] Clutch [/underlined] A means of engaging & disengaging the engine or power unit, from the transmission. Enables a gear to be engaged silently when the vehicle is stationary. Allows a vehicle to be moved away smoothly and without snatch. Assists in gear changing.
[Underlined] Primary Shaft. [/underlined] Transmits the drive through constant mesh pinions or gear wheels to the lay shaft in the gear box, in all gears except top or 4th gear.
[Underlined] Gear Box [/underlined] The gear box itself is a reservoir for oil. The gears provide various engine to road wheel ratios, enables engine’s speed and therefore engine power to be maintained under varying road speeds and conditions. Allows the engine to run while vehicle is stationary, and provides a

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means of reversing. (Allows the engine to maintain its required no of Revs under all Road and load conditions).
[Underlined] Universal Joint [/underlined] Fitted between the main or driven shaft from the Gear box to the propellor shaft, to allow for misalignment or angular drive.
[Underlined] Propellor Shaft. [/underlined] Transmits the drive from gear box to rear axle.
[Underlined] Final Drive [/underlined] (Bevel Pinion & crown wheel, [underlined] or [/underlined] worm & worm wheel). Transmits the drive through a right angle, and provides a permanent gear reduction.
[Underlined] Differential. [/underlined] [Inserted] (gear) [/inserted] Allows a vehicle to corner without rear wheel skid, by allowing the inside rear wheel to slow down and allow the outside rear wheel to maintain its normal drive when cornering.
[Underlined] Half Axle Shafts. [/underlined] Transmits the drive from differential to rear wheel hubs.
[Underlined] Road Springs and Shock absorbers. [/underlined] To absorb shock and vibration caused by irregularity in road services [sic].
[Underlined] Steering] [/underlined] A system of levers and linkages to enable the vehicle to be moved out of a straight line.
[Underlined] Brakes [/underlined] A means of slowing or stopping a vehicle.

[Page Break]

[Underlined] Aug 3rd 194[missing number] [/underlined]
[Underlined] Cpl. James [/underlined]

All engine oils in the RAF go by Ref. No’s. – 34/A.
[Underlined] Engine oil. [/underlined] 34/36.
[Underlined] Gear oil. [/underlined] 34 A 50/51
(some Gear Boxes & Rear Axles).
All engine sumps:
[Underlined] Penetrating oil [/underlined] is used for freeing nuts & bolts and spraying Road Springs. 34A/57.
[Underlined] Flushing Oil [/underlined] 34/A/68. This is used for flushing out sumps before refilling with fresh oil.
[Underlined] Shock Absorber Fluid [/underlined] 34A/70/71, for hydrolic [sic] shock absorbers only.
[Underlined] Yellow Grease [/underlined] 34A/2. Used in grease gun where a heavier lubricant is required, & in summer time.
[Underlined] Non-Separating Grease [/underlined] 34A/61. Used in water pump glands

[Underlined] Spigot Bearings [/underlined]

Spigot bearing holds the primary shaft in a central position inside the flywheel, and a spigot bearing holds the main shaft in the gear box in a central position inside the constant mesh pinion at the rear end of the primary shaft.

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[Inserted words and numbers] [Underlined] August 4th 1942 [/underlined]
[Underlined] Cpl Sheridan [/underlined]

[Underlined] Care & Maintenance [/underlined]

[Underlined] Daily Inspection [/underlined]

1. Check oil – petrol – water.
2. Check tyres with tyre pressure guage [sic].
3. Inspect tyres visibly for stones etc.
4. Proceed to look beneath the car for any oil leaks from engine, gear box, & back axle.
5. Inspect window screens for cleanliness
6. Inspect number plate for cleanliness
7. Check hand brake.
8. See that gear lever is in neutral.
9. Check clutch pedal & foot brake.
10. Check lights, note when ignition key is switched on, ammeter should show discharge.
11. Check windscreen wipers, traffic indicators if fitted. Test Horn.
12. Check fire extinguisher., & sign Form 656.
[Missing number] Report any fault to Cpl in charge of Transport.

[Underlined] 500 Mile Inspection. [/underlined]

1. Wash car thoroughly.
2. Inspect wheel nuts for tightness.
3 See that all grease nipples are clean.

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4 Proceed to check back axle, check gear box & grease car thoroughly, paying particular attention to maintenance schedule. In greasing pay particular attention to your universal joint, propellor shaft, clutch withdrawal mechanism, also hand brake cross shaft, steering, springs.
5 Grease fan bearing.
6. Inspect Battery. See that all leads to & from the battery are tight.
7. Any corrosion on battery terminal will be wiped off immediately. To prevent further corrosion vaseline or a similar grease will be applied to the affected parts. Battery will be topped up with distilled water. It will be topped up to a height of 1/4“ above the plates. See that the battery is tight in cradle.
8. Test engine bolts for tightness, inspect steering box, top up if necessary with gear oil. Inspect [deleted] 9. [/deleted] all leads for signs of wear. If slightly frayed apply adhesive tape to the affected part. If fitted with hydrolic [sic] braking system check master cylinder for fluid. Top up with

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hydrolic [sic] brake fluid if necessary.
9. Grease fan bearing.
10. Clean air filter on carburettor.

[Underlined] 2000 mile Inspection. [/underlined]

This will entail doing D.I. & 500 normally.

1. Top back axle up, & gear box. (Filter plug on top, level plug on side. Fill till oil comes out of level plug). The same procedure will be adopted when topping up gear box with gear oil.

[Underlined] Engine [/underlined] You will change engine oil, when the engine is warm. When draining sump, put drip tray beneath draining plug. Oil will be drained in this manner. Place drip tray beneath sump, then remove drain plug. After draining oil make sure by inspecting the oil that there is no foreign bodies in same, such as steel clippings etc. If anything is found in the oil which should not be there, report it immediately to the N.C.O. I/C M.T. Section. Turn Crank handle 12 – 15 times to make sure that all oil is out of sump. Proceed then to pour in new oil, through the filter plug. F.N. Engine oil will be changed in a new engine at the first 500 miles, then again at 2000, in the normal

[inserted] Remove sparking plugs & clean. [/inserted]

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manner. Paraffin oil must definitely [underlined] not [/underlined] be used to flush out an engine.

Inspect chassis bolts for tightness. Next proceed to jack the car up to relieve the weight of the car off the springs. Then spray the springs with penetrating oil (very fine oil), by means of spray gun. Then apply graphite grease on the outside of the springs to prevent dust and dampness to interfere with the springs.

[Underlined] Distributor Maintenance [/underlined]

Smear the lobe of the cam with vaseline or some suitable grease. See that the contact breaker points are clean.

Lubricate all [underlined] carburettor [/underlined] controls with oil can. If dynamo is fitted with a grease cap, give the cap one complete turn.

If the [underlined] self starter [/underlined] is fitted with a grease cap, proceed as before.

If fitted with an [underlined] Electric Petrol Pump [/underlined] make sure that all leads to & from the pump are tight and clean.

After doing 2000 mile inspection, vehicle will be handed over to the fitter.

In case of [underlined] Fordson [/underlined] with a 1 gallon sump, the

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oil will be changed every 1000 miles.

Top Battery every 50 hrs, every week, or 500 miles.

[Underlined] Controls August 6th 1942. [/underlined]
Cpl Sheridan

Free play for clutch should be 3/8”. (on most cars). On switching the ignition key on, the ammeter needle w[deleted]h[/deleted]ill show discharge. With the engine running and dynamo working ammeter needle will show between 2 & 8 amps. according to the state of the battery.

Running with all lights on, ammeter needle will show between normal & 1 amp. approximately.

[Underlined] Oil Pressure Guage [sic]. [/underlined] (marked off in pounds per sq. inch) you will refer to maintenance chart for correct oil pressure.

[Underlined] Self Starter [/underlined] Finger must not be kept pressed on the self starter button after the engine has started. On cold mornings it is essential to use starting handle first to facilitate easy start.

[Underlined] Throttle [/underlined] Same action as accelerator, used to warm up engine. Used sometimes for reversing

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Water Guage.

Petrol Guage.

[Underlined] Choke [/underlined] is used for purpose of providing a rich mixture at the required time. Choke should be pushed back to closed position as soon as possible.

[Underlined] Internal Combustion Engine [/underlined]

Power is obtained by a rapid burning and expansion of petrol and air.

[Underlined] The Otto Cycle [/underlined]

(a) [Underlined] Stroke [/underlined] (b) [underlined] Piston Direction [/underlined] (c) [underlined] Valves [/underlined] (d) [underlined] Object of Stroke [/underlined]

(a) Induction (b) Down. (c) Inlet open (ex. closed) (d) To draw combust mixture into cylinder.

(a) Compression (b) up. (c) Closed [inserted] Inlet/Exhaust [/inserted] (both). (d) compress the mixture

(a) Power. (b) down. (c) both valves closed. (d) To turn crank shaft.

(a) Exhaust. (b) up. (c) Inlet Shut. Exhaust open. (d) Expel burnt gases [sic] from cylinder ready for fresh change of position

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[Underlined] OTTO CYCLE. [/underlined]

[Diagram]

August 7th 1942.
[Underlined] Cpl Sheridan. [/underlined]

[Underlined] Notes on Crank Shaft. [/underlined]

The crank shaft is built up of big end bearings, crank journats [sic], crank pins, crank webs, main bearings.

The Cam shaft is fitted with Cams which operate the valves at the correct time.

Cam shaft can also drive auxiliary things such as oil pump, distributor drive shaft,

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these usually being driven by a helical gear fitted to the Cam shaft. Cam shaft can also drive petrol pump. Cam shaft is driven at half engine speed, meaning that the crank shaft will revolve twice to once of the Cam shaft. We time the crank shaft & Cam shaft by means of timing wheels, or timing chains.

[Underlined] Essential Engine Components. [/underlined]

Crank Case.
Sump
Cylinder Block.
Cylinder Head. (gasket usually made of asbestos & copper fitted between cylinder head and cylinder block).
Crank Shaft. Valve guide.
Cam Shaft. Valve Spring.
Connecting Rods. Tappets,
Pistons. Push Rods.
Piston Rings. Fly Wheel.
Gudgeon Pin
Valves,
Valve Stem

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[Underlined] Aug 10th 1942 [/underlined]
[Underlined] Cpl. Sheridan [/underlined]

[Diagram]
[Underlined] 4 Cylinder Crankshaft. [/underlined]

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[Underlined] Map. Reading. [/underlined]

[Map legends]

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[Underlined] Conventional Signs. [/underlined]

Most maps are supplied with a key devised to illustrate the material shown, such as roads, bridges, churches etc, as well as natural features such as woods, rivers, lakes etc. The symbols used in illustration are known as conventional signs. In addition, since a map is only a plan of ground under survey, various devices are used to give information on relative and actual heights. Knowledge of the normal and exceptional signs employed is the basis of good map reading. For only by complete understanding of these is it possible to form a mental picture of any area required or indicated. For ease of recognition the various symbols are viewed from above or at a very steep angle. Trees will be shown as viewed from the side.

[Underlined] Contours. [/underlined]

A contour is a line joining a number of points which are at the same height above mean sea level. On the map itself it appears as a continual line, and is generally printed in orange with the numbers in the same colour, and represent

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[Inserted] Numbers [/inserted]

the height in feet starting at 50ft and then rising at 50 ft or 100 ft levels according to the type of map. Where the contour lines are far apart, this will indicate only gradual sloping, and where the lines lie close together will indicate very steep slopes. By noting the spacing between the lines it is fairly easy to estimate the slopes, because 1/4 of the distance will represent 12 1/2 ft or 25 ft rise. It should be borne in mind, that when planning a route with a heavy vehicle, it is best to avoid roads that traverse very high ground, it is much better to take roads of a less hilly nature, even if it means making a slightly longer detour, taking into consideration the contour lines marked.

[Underlined] Gradients. [/underlined]

We have seen that where the contour lines lie close together that steep slopes are indicated. The average gradient can be found by taking the lowest height from the highest point eg. 250ft – 50ft, then measure the distance on the map. If this is 1/2“ on a 1” map this will give you 200/2640, & an answer of 1/13 approx

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[underlined] Scales. [/underlined]

Every map reprints an area of ground but of course on a very reduced scale. A scale in the relationship of measurement between points on the map to equivalent distances on the ground. If 2 points A & B are 1 mile apart on the actual ground, and 1” on the map, this will mean that 1” on the map represents 1 mile on the ground.

(a) By wording such as 1” map or 1/2“ map etc.
(b) By a representative fraction. (R.F) 1/5280 1/63360
(c) By a drawn scale.

[Underlined] Orientation. [/underlined]

Before a map can be used or read properly, it must be set, that is having the North line of the map pointing to the North of the ground it represents. Again it may be necessary to proceed in a direction from a given point, or it may be desired to know the direction of any land mark from a given point. Lay the compass on the map, and let the compass needle point to magnetic North, and then turn the map without moving the compass, so that

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[Inserted] [Numbers] [/inserted]

the North line on the map coincides with the North of the Compass needle. If a magnetic variation is shown the map must be set to this line. If no compass is available, identify some object on the map that can also be identified on the ground, such as a church, windmill etc. Draw a line on the map from your position to the object, then turn the map with this line pointing towards the object on the ground.

[Inserted] [Numbers] [/inserted]

[Underlined] Finding your position on a map. [/underlined] 12.8.42.

First, set the map using a compass. If you are in a known locality identify two objects on the ground that can also be identified on the map, such as church, bridge etc. Draw a pencil line through each side on map in the direct direction of the objects, & then draw the line backwards until they meet. This is the exact position occupied. This position can be checked by finding two other objects and proceeding as before.

[Underlined] Finding True North by a Watch. [/underlined]

If summer time is in effect set the hour hand

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back 1 hour, point the hour hand towards the sun, and the minute hand to 12. Bisect the angle between the hour hand and 12 oclock, this will give you a North & South line approximately.

[Underlined] Finding true North at Night. [/underlined]

The Pole star which is found by drawing a line through the pointers of the Plough, is never more than 2 degrees from true North., so that the relation between Cassiopea [sic] and the Plough is used to determine true North.

[Underlined] Grid Reference. [/underlined]

Grid references are indicated by figures. eg. 177532. The first 3 figures must be read from West to East, or left to right of map. The next 3 figures must be read from South to North, or bottom to top of map. First of all find the axis point of The square indicated on the map by 1 & 5 of this number. Having found the point where the thick vertical line marked 1 0, and the thick horizontal line marked 5 0, proceed

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next to count 7 divisions east of this point, then estimate 7/10 th of the following square. After locating this point count 3 divisions North, and then 2/10 th of the following square. This is the exact position occupied.

[Underlined] Definitions. [/underlined]

[Underlined] True North [/underlined] This is the direction of the North Pole from the point of observation.

[Underlined] Magnetic North. [/underlined]

This is the direction towards which a compass needle points when it comes to rest. Ensure that needle is not affected by the presence of iron or magnet etc. [Inserted] [calculations] [/inserted]

[Underlined] Magnetic Variation [/underlined]

This is the angle in degrees West or East of true North.

[Underlined] Grid North. [/underlined]

This is a position shown by line running vertically on a map. These are only to locate grid positions.

1 Statute Mile = 1760 yds
1760 x 3 = 5280 ft.
5280 x 12 = 63360 inches.

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[Underlined] Aug 13th 1942 Cpl Jameson [/underlined]

The carburettor is a device for mixing petrol & air in the correct proportion, and supplying this mixture to the engine through the induction manifold. The main components of the carburettor are:-

[Underlined] Float Chamber., [/underlined] to keep a constant supply of petrol at the carburettor.

[Underlined] The Float. [/underlined] Operating an [inserted] the [/inserted] needle valve which maintains the correct level of petrol in the float chamber.

[Underlined] Main Jet. [/underlined]:- of a size to allow the correct quantity of petrol to pass into the mixing chamber, where mixing and vapourisation of petrol and air takes place. (The normal mixture is 15 parts of air to 1 part of petrol.).

[Underlined] The Pilot jet [/underlined] allows the engine to tick over when throttle valve is closed.

[Underlined] The Throttle Valve. [/underlined] which controls the amount of mixture passing into the cylinder, and therefore regulates engine speed and power.

[underlined] Air Strangler [/underlined] or Starting Carburettor (known as choke). To provide the rich mixture for starting a cold engine.

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[Underlined] Air Filter [/underlined] Prevents dust & dirt from entering the engine through the carburettor. When the engine is turning, the pistons descending in the cylinder create a depression or suction in the induction manifold. This causes air to enter the air intake through the air filter. As this air passes the head of the jet which protrudes into the mixing chamber, a certain amount of petrol is drawn from the jet, and is mixed thoroughly with air before passing into the engine. The quantity of mixture allowed to pass to the engine is governed by the position of the throttle valve.

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[Underlined] CARBURETTOR. [/underlined] 15th Aug 1942
Cpl Jameson.

[Diagram]

Gravity feeds, petrol tank higher than carburettor.

{Petrol Pump.
{Autovac, petrol tank higher [deleted words] [inserted] [deleted] lower [/deleted] than carburettor. [/inserted]

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[Diagram]

[Underlined] THE ENGINE LUBRICATION SYSTEM. [/underlined]

[Page break]

[Underlined] The Engine Lubrication System. [/underlined]

The object of the lubrication system is to maintain a supply of oil to all working parts of the engine, such as main and big end bearings, pistons & cylinders etc, and so reduce friction and wear to a minimum. The main components are:

1 The sump which contains engine oil 34A 34/36.
2 An oil pump to force oil from the sump through pipes and ductings to the bearing surfaces.
3 A pressure relief valve to maintain a constant oil pressure while preventing excessive pressure which would probably cause damage to pump or pipes.
4. A filter through which the used oil is cleaned before again passing through the oil channels.
5. Pressure guage, tell tale or warning light to register pressure in the system and to warn the driver when the oil pump is not working correctly.

[Underlined] Main Bearings, big end bearings [/underlined] and sometimes [underlined] Cam Shaft Bearings [/underlined] are fed with oil by direct pressure from the pump, other working parts such as pistons, cylinder walls, small end bearings, cams, valves and tappets which are not fed by pressure, are lubricated by splash or oil mist. This is formed by the oil thrown out of the big ends against the crank case and cylinder walls, where it is broken up

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into fine particles and penetrates to all parts of the crank case. Oil thrown out eventually falls back into circulation.

[Underlined] Necessary Maintenance [/underlined] Check and top up daily with engine oil, every 2000 miles oil must be changed, filters cleaned, unions tightened, and oil leaks reported.

[Underlined] Faults. [/underlined] Engine overheated, caused by low oil level in sump, wrong grade of oil, dirty filter, broken pump, or broken pipes and leaks.

[Inserted] Certain vehicles are fitted with hypoid back axles, and in such cases the back axle will have to be filled with extreme high pressure lubricant. Some gear boxes also have to be filled with extreme high pressure lubricant. In all cases refer to Maintenance Schedule for instructions appertaining to any types of back axle. [/inserted]

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[Underlined] Accident Procedure. Form 446. [/underlined]

If involved in an accident while driving a service vehicle. STOP., and attend to injured persons if any. If necessary obtain medical aid for them quickly. [Underlined] DO NOT ADMIT LIABILITY. [/underlined] by word or deed, or even discuss the question of blame, nor must the service personnel with you. Should a police officer appear on the scene await his permission before continuing your journey. If he requires a statement from you or any Service personnel this may be given to him, but only to him, and out of hearing of any other person. Report the accident immediately on your return. If you have been unable to give the accident slip below to the other person involved, or to a police officer, you must inform your Commanding Officer of this, so that he may report the accident to the police within 24 hours, in accordance with Section 22 of the Road Traffic Act 1930. If you are not returning to your station within 24 hrs, report the accident to the nearest police officer or station.

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[Diagram]

Complete 446, sketches etc, and return form which authorises the treasury solicitor to act on your behalf.

[Page break]

Cpl Cantley.
[Underlined] Aug 20th 1942. [/underlined]

[Underlined] Mechanical Fuel Pump. [/underlined]

The mechanical fuel pump consists mainly of:-

(1) a diaphragm connected to a lever which is moved by a cam on the Cam shaft, (2) a spring, a chamber in which are two valves and a filter with connecting pipes. When the engine is turned the cam moves the lever, and the diaphragm is pulled downwards, compressing the spring and creating a suction in the pump chamber. This unseats the suction valve and petrol is drawn into the chamber from the tank through the filter. As the cam moves away from the lever, the spring expands forcing the diaphragm upwards. This creates a pressure in the chamber which closes the suction valve and opens the pressure valve forcing petrol through a pipe to the carburettor float chamber.

[Underlined] Electronically Operated Pump [/underlined]

Some vehicles are fitted with an electrically operated fuel pump. Here the diaphragm and valve principle are similar to the mechanical pump, but electrical energy

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derived from the battery is used to operate the diaphragm instead of mechanical energy as before.

[Underlined] Auto-Vac. [/underlined]

On certain heavy vehicles noticeably on Crossleys an Auto-Vac is fitted in the system. With this device a depression or suction caused by the engine pistons or inductor strokes is used to raise petrol to an auxiliary tank on the dash from which it flows into the carburettor by force of gravity.

[Diagram]

[Underlined] Aug 24th 1942. [/underlined]

[Calculations]

[Inserted] From 6 in the morning till 6 at night, the small angle of bisection Gives South.

[Deleted] From [/deleted] After 6pm till sunset, the small angle of bisection gives North.

[Diagram]

[Page break]

[Underlined] Aug 25th 1942 [/underlined]
[Underlined] Cpl Sheridan. [/underlined]

[Underlined] Cooling [/underlined]

An internal combustion engine gets hot when running, but it must not become too hot, or damage will occur, nor must the engine become too cool. To maintain the necessary temperature, a water cooling system is used. The heat producing parts of the engine are surrounded by passage ways or jackets through which the water flows in a steady stream. It is a natural law that when the water is heated, the heated portion tends to rise to the surface. In a car, the hot water from the top of the cylinder block flows up a pipe to the top of the [deleted] cylinder [/deleted] radiator. As it descends through the radiator it is cooled, and having reached the bottom of the radiator, flows back into the water jackets replacing the hotter liquid leaving at the top. Thus a continual flow is maintained on the Thermo Syphon system. The flow may be assisted by an engine driven pump such as a centrifugal pump, or an impellor assisted pump. To assist still further in reaching the temperature needed for correct running,

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a thermostatic principal [sic] can be used. The thermostatic principal [sic] means that s thermo static valve would be fitted in the near vicinity of the cylinder block, & the valve because it is affected by heat would disallow the water from the cylinder block to pass it and come into contact with the cold water in the radiator. In other words it means simply that the thermo static valve enables the water already in the cylinder block, to be heated at the correct temperature without interfering with the main source of supply coming from the radiator.

In very cold weather there is a danger of damage being cause by the water freezing in the cooling system, hence the need for anti-freezing mixture or the complete drainage of the system if the engine is left idle.

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[Underlined] SIMPLE COIL IGNITION CIRCUIT. [/underlined]

[Diagram]

[Page break]

[Underlined] Coil Ignition [/underlined]

The method in which the coil ignition system works is as follows:-

By switching on the ignition making a complete electrical circuit. There will be a low current in the case of the 12 V Battery. There will be 12 Volts flowing through to the ammeter, and from there through the ignition switch and so on to the primary winding, and from there to the contact breaker points (which are usually fitted in the distributor head). At this stage the contact breaker points will open and break down that first initial current, but in losing one current a new current is induced from the primary winding on to the secondary winding, which is approx. 15,000 Volts. This new current will then be sent through to the contact breaker points and this time they will close and allow the new circuit to go to the Rotor Arm of the distributor head. The Rotor Arm will then distribute the electricity by means of segments in the distributor casing to

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each plug in turn.

The mag. dynamo is distinctive from the coil ignition system in as much that it depends entirely on itself and provides its own spark to the plug points. The coil ignition system cannot do this as it depends upon its battery for its initial source of energy.

The condenser used in conjunction with coil ignition systems absorbs any excess electricity which might cause pitting or sparking or blackening of the points. Too much electricity causes carbon at the points, this in turn would cause tracking or arcing at the points.

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[Underlined] Aug 26th 194[missing number] [/underlined]

War gas is a term used to denote any chemical whether liquid, solid or vapour which has poisonous or injurious effects upon the body.

[Diagram]

CAP. = White crystalline solid.
BAC. = Yellow [indecipherable] crystalline solid very persistent. Frontal headaches. Stinging of skin.
SK = Very persistent. Reddish Brown. Attacks eyes. Smell – Pear Drops, iodine, pineapple.
DM = Dirty green solid. When heated gives of [sic] vapour. Causes vomiting, tickling in nose & throat. Arsenical Smokes. Frontal headaches.

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Image 22 of 46 Left Hand Page
Aching gums & teeth. Causes acute depression, with [indecipherable] tendencies if concentrations is high. Takes effect after 5 mins. Effects wear off after 12 hrs. Dangerous to food & water. Shake Clothes.

[Underlined] Chlorine [/underlined] Greenish yellow vapour. Invisible when diffused in the air. Corrodes metals & destroys clothing & fabric. Causes asphyxiation.

[Underlined] Phosgene [/underlined] Invisible. Smells of musty hay. Corrodes metals. Rots clothing. Coughing at first then a feeling of well being; but affects take place later. Destroys taste of tobacco.

No2 ANTI-Gas Ointment = “Chloramine T”.

[Underlined] Chloropicrin. [/underlined] Effects as Tear & Nose Gas. Cumulative effect. Violent coughing.

[Underlined] Arsenic [/underlined] Colourless vapour. Non Persistent. Can be obtained from Calcium Arsenite. Pins & needles in limbs. Attacks kidneys & liver. Destroys Red Corpuscles in body. Severe pains in stomach sickness & nausea. Faint smell onions.

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[Underlined] Mustard. [/underlined] Dark oily substance. Smells of onions or horseradish. Soluble in fats.

[Underlined] Lewisite. [/underlined] Smell of Geraniums. In pure form no smell. Persistent.
Blisters (Lewisite & Mustard) form after 4-8 hrs, with vapour 6-8 hrs, & take 3 [deleted] weeks [/deleted] [inserted] months [/inserted] to heal. Mustard leaves a scar, lewisite does not leave scar.

[Underlined] Mustard [/underlined] turns detector dark red.

[Underlined] Lewisite [/underlined] turns detector bright red – almost purple.

[Inserted] Lewisite turns detector bright red almost purple

[Indecipherable]
F/Lt Wilke [/inserted]

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(a) [Underlined] Decontamination [/Underlined] (b) [Underlined] Principles & Methods [/underlined]

(a) [Underlined] PRINCIPALS [sic] (b) METHODS [/underlined]

1. (a) Removal (b) Hosing, mopping, solvents.
2. (a) Destruction (b) Boiling, burning bleaching
3. (a) Sealing. (b) Water Glass, earth, earth and bleach, paper.
4. (a) Weathering & Avoidance. (b) Sun, Wind Rain.

[Underlined] Contamination [/underlined] is the presence of any chemical whether liquid, solid, or vapour on any object person or thing capable of giving off a poisonous gas.

[Underlined] Decontamination [/underlined] is the minimising of contamination, so as to render the object, person or thing safe for personel [sic].

[Underlined] Factors which influence our choice of methods. [/underlined]

1) Degree of danger to personel [sic].
2) Amount & type of contamination.
3) Facilities available.
4) Type of surface.

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[Underlined] Decontamination of M.T. Vehicles [/underlined]

Keep all doors & windows closed. Run to site prepared in MT. yard if possible. Tracks of bleach should be laid down for vehicle to run over.

[Underlined] Types of surface to be treated [/underlined]

1) Woodwork.
2) Metal Work
3) Rubber.
4) Canvas etc.

The first general treatment is to hose down vehicle. Failing this mop off surface liquid with rag. 10lbs of bleach paste – 1 gall water. Cover woodwork with this, scrub it in & leave till decontamination work is carried out.

[Underlined] Metal Work [/underlined] contamination removed by solvent or paraffin.

[Underlined] Engines. [/underlined] Preliminary mopping, & remove surface contamination. Uncouple all electric leads & wash with methylated spirit. Use rags to remove all grease & dirt. Pour solvent over till it runs off clean. Rub all over metal work & engine with rags dipped in solvent. Never use cotton waste on engine.

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[Underlined] Rubber [/underlined] Types will absorb blister gas.

a) tyres will be washed with petrol or covered with bleach paste in which case paste will be left for 2 or 3 days.

b) Gross contamination may not be altogether removed in this manner in which case a distinguishing mark (a yellow oval label with purple diagonals) is affixed to the tyres affected, as a warning when removal becomes necessary. (use gloves or No 2 A. G. Ointment)

[Underlined] Canvas. [/underlined] Fabric and canvas can be treated with bleach paste, cover both sides if badly contaminated, if heavily contaminated – burn, lightly cont. – boil.

c) [Underlined] Leatherwork [/underlined] If heavily contaminated upholstery etc should be removed & destroyed. If facilities are available leather will be boiled & decontaminated. If cont. is light treat with No 2 Anti-Gas Ointment & leave for 3 hrs, then remove & apply another layer & allow to remain.

Final hosing down of all external surfaces to remove bleach paste the vehicle is allowed to weather for 24 hrs

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if circumstances permit.

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[Underlined] Friday Aug 28th Cpl Edwards [/underlined]

[Underlined] Dynamo and its uses. [/underlined]

The dynamo is fitted to an engine, and can be driven either by belt, timing wheels, or timing chains.

Main purpose is to supply the accumulator with a charge of Low Tension current so that when such as the horn & lights are to be used when the engine is not running, the accumulator or battery will not be empty of charge.

When the engine is running, dynamo charging indication is given by means of the ammeter. The ammeter registers also the discharge from the accumulator to the accessories.

The charge reading is from the dynamo to the accumulator.

The ammeter is situated in the wiring between the dynamo and the battery.

[Underlined] Cut out. [/underlined] An electrical device also fitted between dynamo and battery and its main purpose is to prevent the battery from discharging its current back to the dynamo

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when the engine is switched off.

[Underlined] Battery [/underlined] Lead Acid = Distilled Water.

KNI-FE = Electrolyte. [Inserted] Distilled Water [/inserted]

Utensils must not be used at the same time for both types unless thoroughly cleaned between ops.

[Underlined] The Care and Maintenance of an Accumulator. [/underlined]

Never spill liquid. Absolute cleanliness of the top of the battery. Get clean from oil dirt & dust. Terminal posts to be free from verdigris. All connections from accumulator (or battery) smeared on the outside with vaseline, filler stopper cap, air vents to be kept open. (Battery a storage plant which feeds the accessories when any certain switch is operated).

[Underlined] Commutator and Carbon Brushes. [/underlined]

Commutator is at one end of an armature shaft. Its object is to collect in one part the electrical current in the dynamo. Riding on the face of the commutator is a

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carbon brush, and this carries the current to the accumulator wire terminals.

[Underlined] Braking Systems. [/underlined]

Mechanical = muscular inertion [sic].

Servo = Engine assisted.

Hydraulic = Fluid moved along a pipe.

[Underlined] Mechanical Braking [/underlined] Where rods, cables & levers are moved when applying brakes, either hand or foot. This calls for constant energy on the part of the driver.

[Underlined] Servo [/underlined] or engine assisted. By the sue of a Servo motor which is coupled to the brake rods cables or levers and their movement is helped by this mechanical device inasmuch that the pedal opens a valve (when engine is running) and the engine itself, not the drivers pressure on the pedal, moves these rods cables & levers.

[Underlined] Hydraulic System. [/underlined] This system only operates

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with foot brake mechanism. Works on all four wheels, each brake having a pipe leading to the master cylinder. This master cylinder contains oil as also do the pipes, one end of the master cylinder having a piston which when the foot brake is depressed, moves the oil along these pipes under pressure.

An oil well or Reservoir keeps the Master Cylinder supplied with the correct quantity of hydraulic oil.

Although rods, levers, & cables or fluid under pressure may apply the brakes, only the return springs or “pull off” release the brakes.

[Diagram]

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Aug 31st 1942.
Cpl. Edwards.

[Underlined] Convoy Regulations. [/underlined]

[Underlined] Distances between Vehicles. [/underlined] In normal traffic (town) 12 yds apart. In open country 50 yds. (not less). Whilst parking 6ft must be left on either side of your vehicle. This must be done if possible off the road, never stop at a cross road, a narrow bridge, a steep hill, congested area, always try for a site where one can enter and leave with a minimum delay. At night when parked in line the leading vehicle will carry two lighted side lamps only. The rear vehicle will have its tail light clearly visible to oncoming traffic. Before halting always make sure that authority has been given to do so, as the driver is not allowed to mount or dismount without the Convoys Commanders consent. Always leave the handbrake full on.

One halt is made in every hour and then any questions concerning the running of the

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car, the shifting of the load etc etc., will be reported to the N.C.O. I.C. Block. No lifts may be given without authority. A.M.O/71.

When travelling in convoy this is split in blocks (for Control). Leader of the convoy details speed, arranges halts, arranges detours of towns and adapts the speed of the convoy [underlined] to suit the speed of the slowest vehicle in the convoy. [/underlined]

The C.C. gives orders to B.C. and the second I.C. [inserted] (in command) [/inserted] is always in the rear vehicle, complete with fitter & tool kit. Their job is to find out whether a vehicle which has stopped with engine trouble, can be repaired or beyond repair. If totally U/S., the load has to be redistributed among the other vehicles. If car has to be towed, phone through to the nearest R.A.F. Camp from the local police station. Inform a CO [inserted] of the Transport where you are phoning [/inserted] of whereabouts also whether car can be towed in ordinary manner. [Deleted] To keep [/deleted]

To keep in touch with all vehicles, the driver will maintain a keen

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look out through the mirror or rear panel, for the car behind. If the car behind stops, you will stop. This carries on until the whole of the convoy is brought to a standstill, and applies only to mechanical breakdown.

Average speed of Convoy is 12 miles per hour.

A.O.G. Aircraft on Ground.

If ill, give the “overtake” signal to driver behind.

Can obtain the M.T. officer & Adjutant’s permission to take any of the station personel [sic] on a trip, if this doesn’t entail any alteration of the route.

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[Underlined] Cpl Cantley [/underlined]
[Underlined] Sep 1st [/underlined] 1942.

[Underlined] Braking Systems. [/underlined]

A means of slowing down or periodically stopping is the purpose for which automobile brakes are fitted. The heavier the vehicle and load and the greater the speed, the harder becomes the task of the brakes, and the more efficient they are required to be. The most efficient brakes are those which will without locking the wheels and causing skidding do this task in the shortest time and distance. The types of brakes most vehicles are fitted with are internal expanding brakes. That is shoes fitted inside brake drums operated by different methods which by expanding the shoes bring them in contact with the inside of the drums. The shoes are firmly fixed to an anchor plate, the drums being free to revolve with the wheels. The shoes are surfaced with what is known as brake lining, a special material manufactured for this purpose. When shoes are expanded by the depression of the foot pedal, they are returned to the “off” position by means of springs.

[Underlined] Adjustment. [/underlined] Brakes are correctly adjusted when the

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shoes are just clear of the drums in the “off” position. If this is correctly done only a small amount of travel will be required on the foot pedal to bring them on. They must also be so that effect is brought to bear on all wheels evenly.

[Underlined] Braking Methods. [/underlined] The most usual methods of braking are.

1. Mechanically operated.
2. Hydraulically operated.
3. Vacuum Servo assisted.

In the several existing types of mechanically operated brakes in use the adjustment is effected by means of screw devices on the operating rods or drums. As from foot pedal to drums the operation is carried out by means of rods and or cables in conjunction with levers.

In the hydraulically operated system the operator depends on fluid contained in a master cylinder which is directly connected with the foot pedal which when depressed pumps this fluid along a series of pipe lines to the drums where it enters secondary cylinders inside the drums. containing small pistons which in operation force the shoes apart in the drum. This pressure

[page break]

applied to the foot pedal is equally distributed to all drums simultaneously, which causes even braking.

The main things requiring attention in the system are keep system full of fluid and avoid all leakage.

[Underlined] The Vacuum Servo System [/underlined] is dependent for its operation on suction from the inlet manifold in the engine to operate a piston in a separate cylinder. The piston rod connected to the braking system augments or assists the driver’s effort in depressing the foot pedal.

[Inserted] [Numbers] [inserted]

[Page break]

A dynamo is a mechanical device which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy in the form of a Low Tension current which is used to charge the battery.

Magneto is a device which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy in the form of a High Tension Current to supply the necessary sparks to plug points.

[Inserted] A dynamo is a [indecipherable word] which converts [indecipherable words] which is used to [indecipherable words] [/inserted]

[inserted][Indecipherable words][/inserted]

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Aug 31st 194[missing number].

[Inserted] [indecipherable]
AF G George
BB284 [/inserted]

[Underlined] First Aid for Gas. [/underlined]

[Underlined] Tear Group. [/underlined] Feeling of hysteria. Irrigate eyes with saline soln (1 teas salt – 1 pt water). May use same quantity of bicarb of soda soln if necessary.

[Underlined] Nose Group. [/underlined] DM. Remove Dentures. Give bicarb of soda if patient is sick. Remove any weapons. Give alcohol or hot tea. Can give a nasal douch and irrigate eyes.

[Underlined] Lethal Group. [/underlined] Dealt with by M.O. Treat for surgical shock, and keep patient warm. Raise feet 6”. Apply hot water bottles to hands and feet if possible. Give sips of hot sweet tea. [Underlined] NEVER GIVE ALCOHOL., [/underlined] as it irritates the already damaged lungs. Keep on Res. Patient will be coughing violently.

[Underlined] Phosgene. [/underlined] Concentration will have to be fairly high before the patient starts coughing. There may be a feeling of well being, but patient is definitely a stretcher case. Never allow patient to move.

[Underlined] Arsenic [/underlined] Treat for shock. Take to MO, stating how long patient has been in the concentration. Effects may be delayed. Reassure.

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[Underlined] Blister Group. [/underlined] Lewisite, Mustard or E.D. Irrigate eyes if necessary for 10mins. Send casualties to M.O. May shade damaged eye but do not completely cover. Mop off any surplus liquid, then apply No. 2 ANTI-Gas Ointment. Do not put this on skin under eyes.

[Underlined] Personal Decontamination [/underlined] Scrub skin until it turns pink. Use a shower if possible.

Lewisite blisters contain arsenic. Bathe with hydrogen peroxide, and allow a swab to remain for 1/2 hour. E.D. Rub down with soda [indecipherable word] after having applied ointment.

[Underlined] Carbon Monoxide [/underlined] Sleepiness & unconsciousness. Apply artificial respiration. Take to M.O.

H.C.M. Use artificial Respiration. Keep warm. M.O.

[Underlined] Phosphorenes. [/underlined] Remove with tweezers. Take off clothing. Damp, field dressing with Saline soln and apply. Send to M.O. Treat for shock, give hot sweet tea if possible.

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[Numbers]

4th September. 1942.
Cpl Howell

[Underlined] The Use and Abuse of the Choke. [/underlined]

The use of the choke is to provide a rich mixture for starting a cold engine. The abuse of the choke causes the engine to overheat and the dilution of the oil in the sump.

[Underlined] The Lighting Circuit [/underlined]

A circuit may be wired [deleted] into [/deleted] in two different ways, Single pole and double pole. In the double pole circuit two wires are used, while in the single pole circuit the body of the lamp is used as an earth wire. Care must be taken when replacing bulbs to see (that) whether single pole or double pole bulbs are needed also whether 6 V or 12 V.

[Underlined] Necessary Maintenance [/underlined]

See that all connections are clean and tight, and that no wires are bare or frayed.

[Underlined] Running Faults. [/underlined]

Lights Flicker caused by dirty or loose connections.

Two or more lights go out, usually caused by burnt (or blown) fuse. Before rewiring fuse make sure that the cause is found and remedied

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before fitting new fuse.

Sept 7th Cpl Howell.

[Underlined] Motor Transport [inserted] Maintenance [/inserted] Form 656. [/underlined]

Form 656 is a Vehicle Maintenance Form. It is a record of the details concerning the vehicle whose registration No. it carries. It is issued monthly and the details for entry on Form 656 includes:- [Underlined] Front Side. [/underlined] Vehicle registered No. Vehicle Type.
Month for which the Form [inserted] is [/inserted] current.
Drivers Name.
Mileage at which periodical inspections fall due.
Speedometer reading Daily.
Daily Mileage.
Total miles or hours run to date.
Petrol issues.
Oil Issues.
Signature of Driver carrying out daily inspection.
Signature of N.C.O. checking daily inspection
Total mileage run during the month.
Total petrol used during month.

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[Inserted] P Peter
B Flight [/inserted]

Average miles per gallon.

[Underlined] Reverse side [/underlined]

Vehicle Defects as they become apparent.
Repairs as they are carried out.
Details of periodic inspections, and Signature of persons carrying them out.
Certificate that all 656 Entries have been copied into Form 813. (Vehicle Log Book).
The Driver is responsible for marking all entries in the daily log, for signing on completion of daily inspection, for entering particulars of defects as they occur, and for signing in appropriate column on completion of all periodical inspections.

[Inserted] Date Speeds at D.I. [indecipherable words] Speed to date P. O. oil Daily [indecipherable words]
Vehicle type 500
Reg No. 2000
[indecipherable words]

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[Underlined] 500 – Mile Inspection. [/underlined]

Care must be taken to observe from the Form 656 when an inspection is due, and prior to the mileage at which the inspection is due the N.C.O. I.C. Transport should be warned. The Maintenance Schedule which is an instruction book, is provided for every type of vehicle in the service, and this should be obtained before the commencement of a periodical inspection. Details of parts requiring attention at each inspection will be found in the Maintenance Schedule. A 500 mile inspection consists mainly of:-

(1) The daily inspection.

(2) Washing down of vehicle.

(3) Lubrication of all moving parts such as steering, universal joint, brake linkages, springs etc.

(4) Inspection of tyres for signs of wear, and misalignment.

(5) Topping up of batteries with distilled water.

(6) Security of all parts and visual inspection for damage.

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[Underlined] Sept 10th 1942. [/underlined]
[Underlined] Cpl. Sheridan. [/underlined]

[Underlined] |Frost Precautions [/underlined]

For vehicles which are not required to stand by, water to be drained from every part of the cooling system. Particular attention to be paid to the water circulating pumps, and cylinder block cocks. Petrol to be turned off, engine to be run on petrol remaining in carburettor. For vehicles which are required to stand by Correct cover or substitute to be placed over bonnet. Lighted lamp (catalytic) to be placed under the bonnet after petrol is turned off and cleared from the system.

It is essential that a wire or rod be placed through plug holes and drain cocks frequently to ensure that sludge and deposit are not accumulating and obstructing the clear flow of water.

When a vehicle is standing by out in the open in severe wintry weather where no water for the radiator is available, the

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vehicle must be parked in the open in a sheltered position, radiator away from the wind, bonnet cover or substitute should be fitted and whether anti-freezing mixture is used or not the engine should be run for a period of 5 minutes every hour. Anti-freezing compound consists of 9 parts ethylene-clycol [sic] to 16 parts of water.

In the event of the system freezing up hot water rags will be applied to the affected parts.

Ist Oct to beginning of May.

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[Underlined] Care of Tyres. Cpl Sheridan [/underlined]

Tyres can be ruined by bad driving. For example fierce braking, harsh acceleration, going over rough roads at high speeds, mounting the pavement, scraping the side of the kerb. Tyres must not be left standing in oil. Any stones etc which are noticed lodging in the tyres are to be removed immediately, and above all the correct tyre pressure is essential, because the more tyre exposed to the road than is necessary means consequent rapid tyre wear.

11th Sept 1942.
Cpl Sheridan.

[Underlined] The Lead Acid Type Battery. [/underlined]

The battery consists of an outer container of robust construction, which must be non-porous, acid proof, and also a good insulator. This container holds the acid or electrolyte, and also the plates and separators. The plate consists of:- lead alloy grids or frames

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constructed with numerous recesses into which is pressed the chemicals, which supply the electrical energy. In order to prevent contact between oposite [sic] plates, non-conducting separaters [sic] of ebonite or specially treated wood are used. The electrolyte used to cover the plates is diluted sulphuric acid and plays a very important part in the chemical action of the battery. When the battery is in a fully charged condition the electrolyte is dilute sulphuric acid, the chemical on the positive plate is lead peroxide which is hard and of chocolate colour, and that on the negative grey spongy lead. When the battery is connected to a complete electrical circuit owing to the different nature of these chemicals they react [inserted] with the electrolyte and [/inserted] with each other [deleted] and [/deleted] this causes an electric current to flow. When the battery is in a fully discharged condition both sets of plates are covered with lead sulphate, and have a whiteish grey appearance with the electrolyte almost water, for the

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Sulphion [sic] has been taken away from the electrolyte to form lead sulphate. In this condition both plates are coated with lead sulphate and as there is now no difference between the chemicals on the plates there is no difference in electrical level, and no flow of current.

[Underlined] Methods of Immobilisation [/underlined]

(1) Ignition will be switched off and ignition key taken away if possible. Lock all doors and windows and remove rotor arm from distributor.

(2) If unable to remove rotor arm another method would be to remove the upper half of the mechanical petrol pump if vehicle is fitted with same.

(3) If the vehicle is fitted with steering which can be locked, this will be sufficient in itself.

(4) (In the event of the vehicle.)
In the case of Fordson Vehicles the throttle arm can be easily removed.

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[Underlined] M. T. Forms Cpl. Sheridan. [/underlined]

[Underlined] 748 – Inventory Form. [/underlined]

This is a schedule of all equipment in the vehicle. If a driver is sent to a storage depot to collect a vehicle, the vehicle is checked with a form 748, the driver making observations when an article is missing.

(Note [inserted] Form [/inserted] 464 is inserted into the back of Form 748.). and is known as Issues and Withdrawal form

813 [Underlined] Vehicle Log Book. [/underlined]

This records the history of the vehicle. Eg. Record of overhauler, Repairs, replacements, mileage and miles per gallon.

Note Form 748 and 813 must accompany the vehicle whenever it is dispatched to a new unit.

446. [Underlined] Accident Report Form. [/underlined]

260. [Underlined] Route Form. [/underlined]

Contains instructions for the Route to be taken by the driver.
Note. Form 446 and 260 always carried

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in vehicle.

656. [Underlined] Vehicle Maintenance [/underlined]

658. [Underlined] Transport Requisition [/underlined]

Should be carried but the driver when proceeding on a journey. On the front of the form is stated type of vehicle required, destination, time to pick up, place to pick up, date, route to be followed and the signature of the person requesting transport, and the person authorising the use of it. On the back of the form is put the speedometer reading before and after the journey, the mileage covered, time in and out, and drivers signature.

[Underlined] Booking Out and Booking In Book. [/underlined]

Before leaving the transport yard with a vehicle always book your vehicle out in the booking out book, stating the speedometer reading, destination, type of vehicle, time of leaving yard. On your return, enter time of return

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total time occupied, and the speedometer reading.

814. [Underlined] Record of Transport Mileage. [/underlined]

Record of all mileages of M.T. Vehicles in a Transport Section. The monthly totals are used to find the miles per gallon consumption of each vehicle.

361. [Underlined] Petrol Log Book. [/underlined]

Record of all petrol drawn for vehicles in [deleted] 6 [/deleted] a transport section.

674. [Underlined] Internal Demand Voucher. [/underlined] [Inserted] 673 [indecipherable word] 675 Returns [/inserted]

This is used to demand stores etc. This form is made out for petrol and oil which may be required for the return journey when carrying out long trips.

2084. [Underlined] Billeting Form. [/underlined]

1771. [Underlined] Subsistence Allowance form. [/underlined] allows you to claim money after you have been away from Camp for so many hours.

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[Underlined] Finding True North at Night. [/underlined]

[Diagram]

[Page break]

[Underlined] Sept 17th Cpl Sheridan [/underlined]

[underlined] Running Faults. [/underlined]

[Underlined] (a) Engine Misfires. (b) Ignition. (c) Carburettor. (d) Mechanical. [/underlined]

(b) Sparking plug. Porclain [sic] could be cracked. H.T. to spark plugs loose. Sparking plug gap incorrect. Battery connections loose. (c) Water in carburettor. Blockage in carburettor. Needle valve sticking. Petrol pump faulty. (d) Sticking Valve Valves burnt or broken. Valve spring broken Incorrect valve clearance.

(a) Engine starts and stops. (b) Faulty switch contact. L.T. lead loose. (c) Petrol line blocked. Water in petrol. Needle valve sticking. Petrol pump faulty. Petrol exhausted. Air leaks.

(a) Engine will not start. Starter does not crank engine. (b) [Deleted] Start [/deleted] No spark at plugs. Spark plug porcelain cracked. Spark plug oiled up. Spark plug gaps too wide or too close. L.T lead loose. Dirty or worn distributor points. (C. B point)

[Page break]

[Underlined] Running Faults. [/underlined]

(a) Engine will not start cont. [Underlined] (b) Ignition (c) Carburettor. (d) Mechanical. [/underlined]

(b) Carbon brush not making contact. Wrong gap at C.B. points. Faulty timing. Faulty condenser. Loose connection at back. Coil burnt out. (c) No petrol in carburettor. Air leak in petrol line. Blockage in carb. pipe line. Faulty petrol pump. Chocked jets. Air leak in induction manifold. Water in petrol. Dirt in carburettor.

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[Underlined] Sept 18th Cpl Sheridan. [/underlined]

[Underlined] Fire Extinguishers and Precautions. [/underlined]

[Underlined] Fire Precautions [/underlined]

Pyrene fire extinguisher in a serviceable condition will be carried at all times on each vehicle. An M.T. Driver will not smoke when on duty in or near his vehicle. Report any small petrol leaks as they develop. Keep under shields free from oil and petrol. Do not flood the carburettor unnecessarily. If a fire occurs in the carburettor while the engine is running switch off the petrol, and open up the throttle. Never use water on an oil or petrol fire. If a small fire try to smother it with felt, or a blanket or even your greatcoat. When a petrol tap is fitted in the petrol system and a fire occurs, switch off the engine immediately and use fire extinguisher on an engine or carburettor fire. KEEP BONNET CLOSED., and direct pyrene through the louvres of the bonnet on to the seat of the fire, or the exhaust manifold if this is hot.

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[Underlined] Instructions on collecting a vehicle. [/underlined]

The driver will collect railway warrant and route form (260), also temporary 656, [deleted] also 658 must be [/deleted]. On arriving at Maintenance Unit or R.A.F. Camp, report to person I.C. of vehicles. Before vehicle is taken away it must be checked by the 748. [Inserted] 748 + 813 to be brought back with vehicle.). [/inserted] If petrol is drawn for the vehicle – including oil, this will be noted on temporary 656, and will have to be signed for on a 674. Driver will sign at the bottom right hand side of 674, but at the same time the driver will be carrying the 658 for the return journey and the amount of petrol and oil drawn will be put on same, and will be signed by the person issuing, so making a double check. If the journey back entails being away from Camp for the night or more, a billeting form (2084) will be carried. In the event of having an accident on the return journey, 446 must be carried. On returning to Camp, vehicle will again be checked N.C.O. I.C. M.T. Section and the 658 will be handed in, complete with 813 and 748 and temporary 656.

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[Underlined] Sept 22nd Cpl Chinook. [/underlined]

[Underlined] 446. Procedure. [/underlined]

1. You must always carry Form 446

2. Do not wait until an accident happens, get familiar with accident Report in advance.

3. Note that the front of Form 446 requires completion at the scene of the accident.

4. With the exception of the Sketch, the reverse side can be completed on your return to Unit.

5. [Underlined] The Sketch. [/underlined] Do not attempt an elaborate sketch, but you must get all measurements, road widths, skid marks, etc. Then sketch can be properly prepared on return.

6. [Underlined] Section H. [/underlined] The completion of this is very important. Detachable slip must be completed and handed to person concerned.

7. If your vehicle has received steering damage, do not attempt to drive back unless you are certain it is safe to do so, and should wheels be badly out of alignment the destruction of a tyre is almost certain

8. Accidents will happen, but, these can be no excuse for failing to obtain the necessary

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information to complete Form 446 or adopting the correct procedure after the accident has occurred.

9. Remember, that an accident, however trivial in your opinion is an [underlined] accident [/underlined], and as such must be reported.

10. Having used your Form 446 don’t forget to obtain replacement without delay.

11. When making phone calls as in B & C of instructions ask exchange to reverse the charge for the call.

[Underlined] Lighting Regulations. Sept 22nd Cpl Sheridan [/underlined]

During lighting up times, must carry two white lights forward and two side lights, and one red light facing rear (tail). The side lights must be fitted so that the centre of the lamps is not more that 1ft from the extreme edge of the vehicle or its load. Bulbs used in side lamps must not exceed 7 Watts. The tail lamp must be fitted in the centre or on the off side, not higher than 3ft 6” from the ground and not more than 6ft from the extreme rear of the vehicle or its load.

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on a P.S.V. or some older vehicles the tail lamp is fitted in a very high position, and in such cases the vehicle must carry a red reflector on a 12” [deleted] white [/deleted] background in the regulation tail lamp position.

[Underlined] Additional War time Regulations. [/underlined]

The side light must not show any light except towards the front. The aperture must not be more than 1” diameter and it must be covered by two thicknesses of newspaper, so that the light is clearly visible from 30 yds distance. A tail light must not show any light except a red light towards the rear. The aperture must be over 1” but not more than 2” in diameter.

[Underlined] Headlamps. [/underlined] must be fitted with a regulation mask or screened so that no light is thrown outside a radius of 15ft., power of bulbs must not be more than 36 Watts.

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[Underlined] Sept 23rd Cpl Sheridan. [/underlined]

[Underlined] Towing. [/underlined]

The towing vehicle should be brought up to position so that both vehicles and the tow rope or cable are in a straight line. The tow rope should be attached to the towing hooks never to axles or springs. The slack of the tow rope should be taken up until the towing vehicle is just taking up the strain. When a disabled vehicle with no motive power is being moved the clutch of the towing vehicle must be engaged slowly and easly [sic] and smooth upchanging of gears must be made to prevent snatching of the tow rope. When towing over a long distance the driver of the towing vehicle is to use prearranged signals for stops etc. He must slow down gradually and make wide turns. The towed vehicle must have the number of the towing vehicle and the words [underlined] ON TOW [/underlined] clearly written on the tail board.

[Underlined] F.N. [/underlined] Length of tow-rope must not exceed more than 15ft.

[Underlined] Bogging. [/underlined]

When endeavouring to dislodge a bogged vehicle the clutches of both vehicles must be engaged

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simultaneously, this will assist both vehicles in getting underway. When a vehicle is bogged and no other vehicle is available either of the following methods may be successful. Y

1). Keep engine revolutions low.
[Deleted] 2) [/deleted] Select Reverse gear, do not move steering wheel and vehicle may move out in its own tracks.

2) Dig away loose soil or sand from behind bogged wheels, so that a gentle sloping channel is formed. Line channel with stones or timber etc, or felt, sacking, or any material likely to afford grip for the driving vehicle. Gently try to reverse out.

F.N. After vehicle has been removed on to safe ground it will be inspected for damage.

Tow rope should be attached to centre of towing vehicle and to the off side of the towed vehicle.

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[Underlined] Sept 24th Cpl Sheridan [/underlined]

[Underlined] Action of the Clutch. [/underlined]

[Underlined] Single Plate Clutch. [/underlined]

The elementary parts of a plate clutch consist of:-

1) Flywheel.
2) Friction Plate connected to the gear box driving shaft. (3) pressure plate attached to the flywheel and made to revolve with it.
4) Springs to keep plates together.
5) Clutch trunnion fork for operating the clutch in & out.

[Underlined] Actions Clutch in. [/underlined]

The friction plate is lightly gripped between flywheel and pressure plate by springs and forced round by the flywheel, hence the load is connected to the engine.

[Underlined] Clutch out. [/underlined]

Pressure plate is away from the flywheel against the springs releasing friction plate which is no longer carried round by the flywheel. This disconnects the engine and the load. [deleted] As the springs begin to force the plates [/deleted]

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A dynamo is used to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy in the form of a L.T Current which is used to charge the battery.

A magneto is a device which is used to convert M. Energy into E Energy in the form of H. Tension used to supply the necessary spark to plug points.

[Underlined] Cpl. [/underlined]

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Internal

Flywheel

Friction Plate connects gear box driving shaft

Pressure Plate attached to [indecipherable words]

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Dee Bradley, C/O 52B Brook-Bank
68, Braythorne Avenue Clapham London
S.W.4.

574 Internal Demand.

Ops Stopped Pass

Order of Traffic Signs 34/36

Engine oil 34A/35 – 34A/56
Gear oil 34A/50 – 34A 57
[Indecipherable word] oil 34A/57 – 34A/61
[Indecipherable word] oil 34/68. – 34/12
Yellow Grease 34A/2 – 34A/61
Non [indecipherable word] 34A/61

From 2011188
TO. Officer Commanding M Section
DATE.

[Indecipherable words]

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