Albert Cluett's armourers training notes
Title
Albert Cluett's armourers training notes
Form 714
Description
Note include diagrams on different types of bombs, explosives, fuses and pistols, detonators, tools, precautions, bomb carriage and release mechanisms and pyrotechnics.
Creator
Date
1941-02
Temporal Coverage
Coverage
Language
Format
One illustrated notebook
Publisher
Rights
This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
Contributor
Identifier
MCluettAV120946-150515-11
Transcription
[Underlined] 1209046 A.G.2. CLUETT. A.V. [/underlined]
ROYAL AIR FORCE.
Rough Notebook for use in Laboratories and Workshops.
[Page break]
BOMBS + COMPONENTS.
G.P. BOMBS. G.P. Bombs are used for general purposes against personal and materials they are fuzed at the nose and tail.
10-2-41
[Underlined] Old Type of G.P. Bombs. [/underlined]
These are in 3 weights 120lb – 250lb. and 500lb. MKS. I. II. III have a central tube from nose to tail.
[Underlined] New Type G.P. Bombs [/underlined]
The new type of G.P. bombs are in 3 weights 250lb. 500lb MK IV and 1,000lb G.P. MK I, these bombs have pockets at each end instead of the central tube. The 250lb. and 500lb have clip-on tail units, the 1,000lb bomb has a tail unit which is fixed my means of 4 bolts.
[Diagram in margin]
40lb. G.P. and 20 “F” Bomb.
The 20 “F” bomb is used against personal because it has a great fragmentation effect, it is with T.N.T., and fuzed in the nose only.
The 40lb. G.P. is similar to the 20lb. “F” but is larger, and is used for general purposes, and it is filled with [underlined] Amatol. [/underlined]
[Page break]
[Diagrams of Bombs with colour schemes, descriptions of markings and filling ratios]
[Page break]
[Underlined] Parachute Bombs. [/underlined]
A number of 20lb. “F” and 40lb. G.P. bombs have a parachute fitted in they tail unit. This increases the fragmentation effect by preventing the bomb from penetrating; this one has a special pistol fitted.
[Underlined] 20lb. H.E Old Type MK.I. [/underlined]
This is a old type of bomb which has a No16 pistol fitted in the nose.
[Underlined] High Explosive. [/underlined]
10.2.41 P.M. [Underlined] An Explosive. [/underlined] is a substance which on being rendered chemically unstable by heat, light or shock rapidly evolves a large quantity of gas with or without heat. Explosives are divided into 2 groups A. HE. And B L.E. The main differince is the rate of becoming unstable.
Detonation takes place with H. Explosive. (H.E.)
Explostion takes place with Low Explosive. (L.E.)
[Underlined] Initiation. [/underlined]
Fulminate of Mercury. Lead Azide.
Lead Styphnate. A.S.A. Mixture.
[Underlined] Intermediaries [/underlined]
C.E. Pure T.N.T. Dry Gun Cotton.
Main Fillings
T.NT. BARATOL. AMATOL. SHELLITE. AMATEX.
[Table of percentages and ratios for fillings]
[Page break]
Essential Requirements of a High Explosive.
1. To have a maximum shattering effect.
2. To be insensitive to shock or friction.
3. To be obtainable at high density.
4. To have sufficient ease of detonation.
5. To be stable in storage, safe to handle and transport.
6. To be free from re-action with its container.
7. To be cheap, easy and safe to manufacture.
8. To be free from exudation.
[Page break]
[Underlined] Low Explosives. [/underlined]
11.2.41. [Underlined] Propellants. [/underlined]
.Gun Powder. .Nitro Cellulose. N.C.Z.
Cordite. 2 Types. M.D and S.C.
[Underlined] Hardening and Temporing Steel. [/underlined]
The object of temporing is to reduce Brittleness of hardened steel, in order to mak it suitable for the purpose for which it is required. Unfortunately Brittleness can only be removed from a straight Carbon Steel at the expence of hardness. Temporing is a heating of hardened Carbon steel sufficiently to remove known amount of hardness, and there-fore brittleness. The temporing range is from 200°/c to 320°/c for carbon steel.
[Underlined] The Colour Metal [/underlined]
If a piece of clean steel is slowly heated it will [deleted] by [/deleted] be seen that a series of colours will appear in the following oder
1 Very Pale Yellow. 200°/c
2 Straw Yellow 240°/c
3 Brown Yellow 260°/c
4 Light Purple 276°/c
5 Dark Purple 290°/c
6 Dark Blue 296°/c
7 Light Blue 320°/c
[Page break]
Each colour represents a definate temperature thus a dead hard job quenched, at the required colour will result in a degree of tempor definitely known.
[Underlined] Process cold Chisel [/underlined] :- heat the cutting edge about 1 1/2“ back from the point a medium red heat, dip the point quickly to about 3/4” in c.c water holding it upright and keep a straight up and down motion whilst cooling, when the point is cold with-draw and polish with an abrasive and the heat [deleted] will [/deleted] remaining in the body of the chisel will begin to heat the cold point causing tempor colours to appear, when the desired colour (in this case Brown changes to Purple) appears cool of in cold clean water to avoid further temporing.
[Underlined] Treatment to Carbon Steel to Anille or Soften [/underlined]
Heat to a medium red, allow to cool of slowly by burying it in sand or lime, to [underlined] harden [/underlined] heat to cherry red and plunge into cold water to unomalize heat to a medium allow to cool freely in the air.
[Page break]
11.2.41 P.M. [Underlined] Tools [/underlined]
[Underlined] Scribbing Block. [/underlined] conts. 3 Main parts. {Block.) Pillar. (Scriber.)
[Underlined] Combination Set 0. 180
Conts Rule. The Square The Protractor Centre Square
[Diagrams]
[Underlined] Files [/underlined] in 5 Shapes.(H.S.E.)
[Diagrams showing File Shapes, annotated]
FLAT [underlined] HAND SAFE EDGE. [/underlined]
ROUND.
3 SQUARE
SQUARE
HALF ROUND.
ROUCH. 10”
BASTARD 10”
SECOND CUT 8”
SMOOTH.
DEAD. SMOOTH.
SINGLE CUT. DOUBLE CUT.
[Underlined] HACK SAW [/underlined] 2 TYPES ADJUSTABLE & FIXED.
[Underlined] CHISELS [/underlined] FLAT. CROSS-CUT. + DIAMOND.
[Underlined] HAMMERS [/underlined] BALL-PANE. CROSS-PANE. SQUARE-PANE.
[Diagrams]
[Underlined] SOFT HAMMERS. [/underlined] WOODEN MELLET. .LEAD. .COPPER. .RUBBER.
[Underlined] GUAGES FEELERS [/underlined] 2,000 to 15,000
[Underlined] CALIPERS [/underlined] [Diagrams] INTERNAL. (EX.) DIVIDERS.
[Underlined] PUNCHES. [/underlined] CENTRE. PIN. + COPPER FACED. DRIFTS.
[Underlined] 12” RULE [/underlined] 1/64”.
[Underlined] RATCHET SCREW DRIVER. [/underlined] + SHEARS.
[Page break]
No 16 NOSE PISTOL
20lb H.E. Mk.I
[Diagrams]
[Underlined] Safety Devices [/underlined]
1 [Underlined] Vane securing Wire [/underlined]
2. [Underlined] Shearing Wire [/underlined]
3. [Underlined] Striker Pellet Wheel [/underlined].
[Page break]
[Underlined] BOMB PISTOLS [/underlined]
[Table showing Pistols, Bomb Used In and Safety Devices]
Differences in the MKs. Of 28 Pistol.
[Underlined] Pistol 28 MK. I. The coil spring and striker [underlined] cannot [/underlined] be removed. MK II This pistol has a screw on portion at the end which [underlined] can be [/underlined] removed to enable you to remove the coil-spring and striker.
MK. III This is similar to the MK. II but it has a stronger [underlined] safety Fork [/underlined] this increases the sinsitivity.
[Page break]
[Diagrams of Bombs and Bomb Sections including colours, markings, fillings, screws and caps.]
[Page break]
12.2.41 [Underlined] Stick Attachment [/underlined]
This is fitted to the No. 27 nose pistol to increase the Fragmentation effect when the G.P. bob is dropped on water.
[Diagram of No 27 Nose Pistol in margin]
[Underlined] S.A.P. Bomb. [/underlined]
250. 500. MKs. I II III or IV. these bombs are fitted with a tail Fuze. No. 30. (1/10 SEC Delay.)
[Underlined] S.A.P. [/underlined] 250. 500 MK. V is fitted with a No. 47 [deleted] delod [/deleted] delonator and a No. 28 pistol; it has a clip-on tail unit.
[Underlined] 2,000 A.P. Bomb. [/underlined] This bomb is fitted with Shellite, (Some of these bombs will be filled with Amatol.) it is fitted with a No. 37 Fuze in the tail.
[Underlined] A.S. (ANTI SUBMARINE) Bombs. [/underlined]
[Deleted] 100, [/deleted] [Symbol] 250. 500 MK. I II III These bombs are fitted with a No. 32 Fuze in the nose end. A Ballistic cap is fitted to the nose end of the bomb to produce a flat nose bomb, this prevents the bomb from deviating from its path through the water.
[Page break]
[Underlined] BOMB TOOLS. [/UNDERLINED]
[Diagrams Of bomb tools]
[Page break]
[Underlined] A.S. Bomb. [/underlined] [deleted] 100. [/deleted] [Symbol] 250. 500 MK. IV [underlined] (LATEST) [/underlined]
This bomb is fitted with a detonator and a No. 30 pistol in the tail. It has a clip-on tail unit. The nose is flat shaped. This bomb is filled with [underlined] Batatol [/underlined]
[Underlined] Scatter Piece. [underlined]
These Pieces are fitted to the 20lb, “F” and 40lb G.P. bombs between the pistol and bomb body. This is to seperate the bombs over a greater area.
3” Piece for the 20lb “F” only
4” Piece for the 20lb “F” or 40lb. G.P.
5” Piece for the 40lb G.P. only.
1 Bomb in each compartment will be fitted with a disc.
[Underlined] Collet Bar. [/underlined] This bar is used for examining bomb pockets.
[Page break]
DETONATORS. OLD TYPE.
COLOUR DELAY
WHITE INST.
YELLOW 1 SEC.
GREEN 2.5 SECS.
BLUE 11-15 SECS.
DETONATORS. OLD TYPE. ALL THESE DETONATORS USED IN THE OLD G.Ps.
[Table of Colour codes and detonator types]
[Table of Detonator Holders, Types of Bomb Used In and Schemes]
[Diagrams of Detonators, including New Type]
[Page break]
13.2.41. [Underlined] Detonators (New Type) [/underlined]
No 36 or No. 43 detonators will be fitted in the nose of the 20 “F” and 40 G.P. 250lb . 500lb G.P. MK IV and 1,000lb G.P. MK. I
No. 35. No 44. and No. 45 these detonators will be fitted in the tail of the 250lb 500lb [inserted] MK.IV [/inserted] and 1,000 MK I according to the required.
[Underlined] Exploders. [/underlined]
NOSE. No 16 EXPLODER 12.1” 250lb – 500lb. MKs I II II. SCHEMES. ‘A’. and ‘B’.
TAIL. No 19 EXPLODER 7.39” 250LB. – 500LB. MKs I II III.
[Diagrams of Exploders]
[Table of Exploders and Marks of Bomb]
No 20 and No 21 filled with T.N.T.
No 22 has a centrail tube because of the C.E. nose & tail ‘C’.
[Page break]
[Diagrams of Fuses with Detonators and Exploders]
[Underlined] FUZEING SCHEMES A.B.C. [/underlined]
[Underlined] Precautions when Fuzing the Bomb [/underlined]
1. Nose and tail adapter threads must be clean and undamaged.
2. Nose and tail Pistol must be tested before insertion into the bomb.
3. When the bomb is fuzed it should be marked so.
[Page break]
14.2.41. [Underlined] A.P. A.S. S.A.P [/underlined] 20lb ‘F’ and 40 G.P. all exploders are already built in as they leave the factory.
[Underlined] Taxying Seal [/underlined] this is fitted to the No. 32 MK III Fuze, between the flange and the body of fuze; this is to prevent any ingress of moisture, and a special safety clip is fitted to keep joints tight.
[Underlined] Fuzes [/underlined]
15.2.41 No 37 Tail Fuze almost the same as the No. 30. The difference is that the No. 30 has a longer [underlined] arming [/underlined] rod which is jointed, so that it will rotate freely.
This Fuze is used in the 2,000lb. A.P
No. 32 Fuze in the nose of the A.S bomb.
Nose Fuze for testing. Clock-wise 10 times and then back.
Tail Fuze for testing. Anti-clockwise 10 times and then back.
No 32 MK III 60-1.
No. 32 MKs. I II 30-1.
[Underlined] Site Fuzing Precautions. [/underlined]
1. 75 yds. From any A/C ect.
2. Bombs should be Fuzed over soft ground.
3. Fuze the right number of bombs, (no more, no less.)
4. Do not Fuze bombs in the slip-stream of any A/C.
5. Bombs must not be Fuzed on or near any bomb stores.
[Page break]
11 1/2 lb. FLASH BOMB. OR SMOKE BOMB.
[Diagram of Flash Bomb]
No. 28 DET. BUSTER.
[Diagrams of Bomb Markings]
TWO CHEMICALS USED IN SMOKE BOMBS
TITANIUM TETRACHLORIDE
STANNIC CHLORIDE.
FLASH AND SMOKE BOMBS HAVE ALL WHITE BODIES.
Treatment of Drums.
Stannic Chloride and Tetrachloride on receipt in Unit, the plug is to be removed and threads cleaned with Carbon Tetrachloride. The threads are to be cleaned, then coated with a mixture of graphite and M.T oil. This should be carried out as quickly as possible to prevent moist air from entering the drum. Empty Drums are not to be washed out, but the Plugs as on receipt and screwed in to exclude air.
[Page break]
11 1/2 lb Practice Bombs.
15.2.41. P.M. Smoke or Flash.
[Underlined] Smoke bomb. [/underlined] Body [underlined] White [/underlined] 2 x 2 1/2” Green Bands on tail end of body.
[Underlined] Flash bomb [/underlined] Body [underlined] White. [/underlined] 1/2” Red Nose Band. 2 x 2 1/2” Black band on tail end of body.
[Underlined] Smoke bomb. [/underlined] filled with Titanium Tetrachloride. or Stannic Chloride.
[Underlined] Flash bomb. [/underlined] filled with Gun Powder and Magnesium turnings.
[Underlined] Practice [/underlined] bombs are used in this service so that actual bombing can be carried out on our own bombing ranges. The [underlined] Smoke [/underlined] bomb is used in the day-time and the [underlined] Flash [/underlined] bomb my night-time.
[Underlined] Safety Devices. [/underlined] Safety Pin. Safety Plunger and Spring.
The Nose of the Practice is made of Cast Iron and filled with Lead [deleted] to [/deleted] according to the weight of filling in the tail. The tail is made of sheet Tin.
[Underlined] Action [/underlined] when the bomb is released the spring loaded plunger disengages, alowing striker rod to brake shearing wire and strike No 28 Detonator Buster on impact.
[Page break]
[Table of Old Types of Bombs]
[Page break]
[Underlined] NEW. DETONATORS. [/underlined]
[Table of New Detonators showing No., Delay, Colour and Where Fitted]
[Page break]
4lb. INCENDIARY BOMB.
[Diagram of Incendiary bomb showing colours and fillings]
[Page break]
17.2.41. 4lb INCENDIARY BOMB.
The bombs come to the station packed 20 in a box 4 rows of 5s. 4 of the top row of 5 are MK.IE. or MK II. The MK.IE. or MK.II has an extra bright red band on the body, also the end of the tail unit is painted br. Red. This bomb has an explosive in the nose , which goes of in the first 5 mins.
The MK. I burns for 10 to 15 mins.
The safety devices are
1. Spring loaded plunger.
2. Creep spring
3. Brass furrule.
20 in a box.
3 BOXES in a container.
4 in 20 bombs are H.E.
[Page break]
25lb INCENDIARY BOMB. MK.I/A
[Diagram of Bomb showing paint scheme and internal contents]
[Page break]
18.2.41. 25lb. INCENDIARY BOMB.
Conts. 3 main parts. Nose, Container and tail.
Nose made of steel.
Container containing 7 fire-pots.
Tail unit of Aluminium.
On release from the carrier the wind acting on the paper discs blows out the parachute. The inertia rod is pulled up and ball-bearings are allowed to move clear. The inertia rod is pulled up and ball-bearings are allowed to move clear. The inertia rod comes to rest on the striker which acts as an additional weight which enables the striker to brake the shearing-wire. On impact the shearing wire is broken and the striker goes onto the cap which ignitits the igniting composition which light the Tail Blowing off charge which blows of the tail and starts the bomb going.
There is a 3 to 4 mins. delay between each fire-part, each f-part can fly about 300 feet, also each one gets thrown in a different direction.
If this bomb has to be used on a carrier a No.6 expansion lug is fitted to the bomb.
To load these bombs they go 4 in a compartment and there are 2 compartments in a container.
[Page break]
[Underlined] FUZES. [/underlined]
[Underlined] INSTANTANEOUS AND DELAY. [/underlined]
[Underlined] Instantaneous [/underlined] fuze is coloured Orange or yellow.
[Underlined] Delay Fuze [/underlined] is coloured Black.
[Underlined] Fuze Instantaneous. [/underlined] MK.IV conts. Of 3 strands of quickmatch in a tube of waterproof tape surrounded by twisted cotton in a gutta-percha tube bound by worsted tape.
The rate of burning is 90FT per SEC.
[Underlined] Fuze Delay [/underlined] No 15A. A train of powder protected in a somewhat similar manner to the Instantaneous MK.IV.
The rate of burning is 90 SECS. Per yard.
[Underlined] Fuze. Delay [/underlined] No. 17 MK.I A train of [underlined] special [/underlined] powder similarly protected.
Rate of burning 50 to 70 SECS. per yard.
Colour. White. This fuze is used only in the No21 Detonators.
[Page break]
MICROMETER.
4 Kinds.
1 Internal [deleted] 1” 2” 3” [/deleted]
3 External 1” 2” 3”
[Diagram of Micrometer with scales]
[Underlined] VERNIER CALLIPERS. 4”. [/underlined]
[Diagram of Vernier Callipers]
For internal measuring add .25 to total measurement.
[Page break]
19.2.41. [Underlined] BOMB CARRIERS. [/UNDERLINED]
[Underlined] Universal [/underlined] No 1. For 250lb.
[Underlined] Universal [/underlined] No. 2. For 500lb. (15” longer.)
[Light Series [/underlined] EM/LS. ‘A’ Type.
[Underlined] 2,000lb [/underlined] bomb Carrier
Universal carrier No.1. is made of Duralilium. On the main channel are two plate to strengthen it where the central Release is fixed. There are nose and tail fuze boxes on the carrier which are operated from the cockpit. The fuze setting control link is held in place by ajustment, in the fuze box, when the switch is on a rod comes across the F.S.C.L. so, when bomb is released the Pressure Plate stop is drawn out; and bomb falls alive. The EM.C. Release slip is operated by another switch. No2. 15” longer for fuzing No.32 Fuze on A.S Bombs, and for taking 500lb bombs.
[Underlined] Light Series [/underlined] EM/LS. ‘A’ same metal as UN. No1. Top plate with 4 holes segrated for strength. 4 Release Slips. 8 Spring loaded crutches.
[Page break]
[Diagrams of Bomb Carriers]
NOTE. A/C SUPPLY IS FROM A 12 VOLT ACCUMULATOR.
[Page break]
21.2.41. [Underlined] E.M/L.S. STORES CARRIED. [/underlined] (L.S Light Series]
4. 20lb H.Es. R.L.
4. 20lb “F”.s.
4. 40lb G.Ps.
4. 11 1/2 lb. PRACTICE. (SMOKE OR FLASH.)
4. SMOKE FLOATS. NAVIGATION.
4. 4.5” RECONNAISSANCE FLARES.
4. ALUMINIUM SEA MARKERS. MK.III.
4. 4” TRAINING FLARES.
3. SMOKE GENERATORS. No. 11.
1. SMOKE PUFF APPARATUS.
1. PHOTO-FLASH CONTAINER.
[Underlined] No1. UNIVERSAL EM/EF. STORES CARRIED [/underlined]
1. H.E. BOMB ANY TYPE FROM 100lbs. TO 250lbs.
1. WATER BALLAST CONTAINER.
1. SMALL BOMB CONTAINER.
1. SMOKE PUFF APPARATUS.
1 11 1/2 lb. PRACTICE BOMB. (FLASH OR SMOKE)
1. SUPPLIES DROPPING APPARATUS.
1. 250lb. SMOKE CURTAIN INSTALLATION.
1. RECONNAISSANCE FLARE. (ANY SIZE.)
[Page break]
[Underlined] No2. UNIVERSAL EM/EF. [/underlined]
[Underlined] STORES CARRIED [/underlined]
1. H.E. ANY TYPE FROM 100lbS TO 550lbs.
1. 500lb SMOKE CURTAIN INSTALLATION.
1. OF ANY STORES CARRIED ON No1 UNIVERSAL EM/EF. CARRIER.
[Underlined] Differences in Type of Release Units [/underlined]
Type. ‘A’. I II III. Used for light stores. (L.S.Carrier)
Type ‘B’ [symbol]
Type ‘C’. I II III To operate single hook release clip. (Universal Carriers.)
Type ‘D’ MK IV To operate [underlined] Wellington [/underlined] release clip.
Type ‘E’ ‘A’ Type unit without front crutch. (No A.1 Attachment)
No 1 unit is the nearest unit on the right side. (Starboard.)
[Underlined] Light Series [/underlined] carries 3MKS in Types ‘A’. ‘C’. ‘E”.
[Underlined] Wiring Positive. [/underlined] Red. Circuit never broken.
Negative. Blue. Circuit is looped.
[Page break]
SINGLE HOOK [underlined] MK III. V.A.D. [/underlined] RELEASE SLIP.
[Diagram of Single Hook Release Slip with different MKs]
[Table]
[Page break]
[Underlined] Release Slips. [/underlined]
The difference between MKs. I. II and III is projecting side plate, between MK. II + III is that the Axis Pin through Bomb Hook is flush (MK.II) with the Side Plate and the MK.III Axis Pin is raised and sealed with split-pin.
No 1 Carrier Bomb Release Slip single Hook Type.
MK.I Side Plates with Projection side plates at top end.
MK. II Projection removed and covered.
MK. III Projection removed and cut short. Axis Pin is raised and locked.
[Underlined] V.A.D. [/underlined] Indicates only 2 Leap Springs. Action control by leap spring, operating lever, packing piece, (brass) bomb hook stop, (Brass.) Safety catch (Brass), Tortion spring, Roller bearing, Release arm, and bomb hook with tail piece or horn.
[Underlined] Action. [/underlined]
When the operating lever is rotated, the [underlined] bent [/underlined] is disengaged from the safety catch, the tortion spring is compressed and the spacing rivet bears upon the top of the release arm; further rotation of the operating lever raises the release arm, and compresses the leap spring and lifts the roller bearing clear of the bomb hook. The weight of the bomb moves the B. hook which comes to rest on the B. Hook Stop.
[Page break]
NEW ‘B’ TYPE CRUTCH.
[Diagrams of ‘B’ Type Clutch]
[Page break]
To Test Bomb Hook Release.
1. Ensure that when the operating lever is raised to the fullest extent, the roller bearing clears the tail of the bomb hook.
2 Ensure sufficient clearance between bomb hook and retaining lug.
3. Ensure that torsion spring keeps the bent of the operating lever engaged with the safety catch.
4 Ensure when release slip is on to the carrier frame that the bomb hook rotates freely.
[Symbol] 5 Ensure there is a clearance between tail of bomb hook and safety catch is over 15 thou. (using feelers).
[Underlined] Carriers. cont. [/underlined] UNIV. No.1 + 2.
22.2.41 Has. “B” Type strengthening crutch. ‘A’. ‘B’. ‘C’. positions, fixed only to the rear of the carrier, (‘C’ is to stow-away.)
‘A’ all bombs of 500lbs and all containers.
‘B’ all bombs below 500lbs.
‘C’ MK. I. S.B.C.
No 1. And 2 Universal Cs are fitted with 3 and 3A. adaptor for Practice bombs. Front one adjustable; rear one fixed, Suspension by Lug Chair holds the centre of bomb.
UN CARRIERS. MK 3 ALL STEEL. -250 – 500.
[Page break]
[Diagram of Universal Carrier]
[Page break]
[Underlined] L.S. TYPE ‘A’ UNIT [/underlined]
Oiled by felt washers to prevent oil dripping into unit. Type ‘A’ unit has bomb hook attached not seperate as on type ‘C’ Un.
[Table of Stores and Attachments]
[Page break]
[Diagrams of Bomb Carriers]
[Page break]
24.2.41 L.S./EM.
Fitting the LS/EM carrier to Universal attachments.
Stores required:- a L.S./EM. With auto [inserted] 2 Plug [/inserted] selector box; fitted and a L.S adaptor frame;
Procedure.
1. Remove bracing members from Carriers Eye Bolts.
2. Remove the five Pin Plug from aircraft supply.
3. and remove universal Carrier, then bolt into place L.S adaptor frame, attach bracing members form craft to eye bolts of frame then bolt into place L.S. Carrier and plug threw carrier into supply of the aircraft.
[Underlined] Type ‘A’ 3 Unit for L/S carrier [/underlined] (with auto selector) 2 Plug.
[Underlined] Action, [/underlined] when the pilot presses the firing switch the current flows to the E.M. unit and energises the magnet; the safety magnet Armature, disengaging the bent from the toe of release arm is drawn down by the release [deleted] arm [/deleted] magnet disengaging the bent from the nose of the release lever, the trigger spring rotates the trigger the nose of which being engaged with the bent of the release lever rotates the lever and breaks the [underlined] circuit [/underlined], the tail of the trigger moves away from the face of the bomb hook and the weight of the bomb rotates the hook, when the bomb is clear the hook is reposititioned by its own spring. Oder of firing auto switch 1ST. 1. 2ND. 4. 3RD 3. 4TH 2.
[Page break]
INSPECTIONS ON CARRIERS.
‘A’ (DAILY NO BOMBING) SECURITY – CORROSION – DAMAGE – FUITONING TEST EVERY 6 DAYS.
‘B’ BEFORE BOMBING, (NORMAL D1) FORM 700 SEE ELECTRICIAN HAS SIGNED – DAMAGE DISTORTION – SECURITY. [Underlined] TEST RELEASE SLIP [/underlined] FUNCTIONING TEST – LOAD BOMB – LIGHT TEST. REMOVE SAFETY DEVICES.
‘C’ (HANG UP) BOMB AIMES REPORT – ELECTRICANS – ARM – OFFICER.
‘D’ (BETWEEN FLIGHTS) C OR B INSP.
‘E’ (END OF DAYS BOMBING) (‘C’ INSP IF H.P) CLEAN OIL CARRIER – LOOK FOR DAMAGE – LEAVE UNIT UNCORKED
‘F’ MINOR INSPECTION 50 HR. TAKE RACK TO ARMOURY STRIP – CLEAN – ASSEMBLE. CARRY OUT TESTS.
‘G’ 120 HR MAJOR INSP
‘H’ CARRIER INTO STORIES LABLE ATTACHED – FUNCTION TEST EVERY 28 DAYS.
[Page break]
Small Bomb Container (S.B.C) MK.I. + IA.
25.2.41. MK. I. cannot be used on a catapulted A/C.
MK. I.A. can be used on a catapulted A/C. (much stronger than MK I).
The auto selector switch box tells the front of the carrier. Only 3 EM units on carrier, No. 1 is blank, so always set auto box at No. 2, the order of firing is No 2 Rear. No 3 Front. No 4 Centre.
[Table of Stores, Carried and Position on Rail]
P marked on EM. UNIT means all units fired at the same time.
[Page break]
4” TRAINING FLARE.
[Diagrams of 4” Training Flare Internal and External]
26.2.41. [Underlined] Pyrotechnics [/underlined]
[Underlined] Flare A/C Reconnaissance, 4” Training. [/underlined] This flare is so designed that the case remains suspended on the parachute instead of dropping to earth; and is therefor safe to release over any area.
Carrier Arrangements. L.S/E.M.
1. Engage suspension lug with release slip and ajust crutches tightly enough to steady it.
2. Remove free end of stantic cord from canvas pocket and tie to rear crutch, putting loose cord back in pocket.
Launching from Tube
1. The suspension band must be removed before stowing in A/C.
[Symbol] [Deleted] 2. Remove safety Pin. {Only when used in tube) [/deleted] [Symbol]
3. Place flare in tube upside-down. (Do not remove safety Pin)
4. Make fast loop, and free end of static cord to eye-bolt on A/C.
[Underlined] Action. [/underlined]
On release the cord is pulled out of pocket, after 5FT of fall flaps and parachute emerges, after another 20FT of fall the breaking cord snaps; parachute opens and flare falls free. Pull percussion unit operates and ignits flare. Fuzible alloy disc melts and candle burns. This flare burns for about 3 1/4 mins; also it should not be used or dropped below 2,500FT. Rate of fall 500FT PER.MIN.
[Page break]
SMOKE FLOAT A/C NAVIGATION GROUP XI
[Diagrams of Smoke Floats]
[Diagram of Aluminium Sea Markers and container]
ALUMINIUN SEA MARKERS.
[Page break]
[Underlined] Smoke Float A/C. Navigation MK. II. [/underlined]
Method of igniting is percussion. No. 23 Tail Pistol. White smoke for 6 MINS.
[Underlined] Fuzing [/underlined] remove tail plug and insert NO.23 tail Pistol. (5/16 SPANER.)
[[Underlined] Action [/underlined] on release from a/c the No £ [inserted] MK I [/inserted] attachment is pulled clear, the vanes rotate and fall of leaving the stricker pellet held by creep-spring, on impact with the water the stricker pellet over comes the spring and strikes the cartridge base (.410) this ignites a small flash charge; the flash from .410 goes down the copper tube and ignites the pellet, this ignites the quick match, unpressed and pressed priming compo. which ignites the candle; the smoke which is generated forces off the zinc disc at the top of the emission tube, and white smoke is emited for about 6 MINS.
MK II has a (delay) fuze instead of copper tube [symbol] ob.
[Underlined] No 3 MK I. (RED SMOKE 40 SECS.) IN DINGHIES – COLOUR GREEN + YELLOW. (8 SECS DELAY)
[Underlined] Aluminium Sea Markers.
MKs. [inserted] U/S [/inserted] [underlined] IV [/underlined] + V used; MKs. [deleted] II [/deleted] + III [deleted] job [/deleted] MK. I [symbol]
These markers are used on the sea; the contence floats on the water in a round patch and this is used for bombing and gunning practice. When a marker is dropped it hits the water nose first; the water pressure breaks the disc and thread, also forcing rubber bag onto cutters and through end of marker; the marker body sinks, leaving the powder on the water as target.
[Page break]
[Diagrams of Photoflash Apparatus]
[Diagrams of Smoke Puff Apparatus]
USED ON UN. CARRIERS.
WHEN ON CARRIER WIRE BOMB (SAFE)
[Diagram of Water Ballast Container]
[Page break]
28.2.41. [Underlined] Signalling Photo-flash Apparatus. [/underlined]
[Underlined] Photo-flash Apparatus [/underlined] :- for practice bombing; used on light B.C, wood base, surrounded by plate tin, 4 lamp sockets in 4 compartments bulbs used are filled with magnesium foil. White colour bulbs are used by day and red by night.
[Underlined] Smoke Puff Apparatus [/underlined] :- used for finding wind speed and direction, made up of mild steel, carried on L.S. Carrier and Universal Carriers. 4 brass cannisters for smoke compo. (4 No. 26 Electric fuzes) fitted with Stannic Chloride. [Underlined] Preparation of Apparatus [/underlined] unscrew the four cannisters and unions, remove collar, place big disc, then fill 9/10 full with Stannic Chloride, (1/10 for air and liquid expansion; ) replace small lead disc, screw on union, place in No.26 E. fuze pass leads through frame, and connect to spring terminals, screw on cannisters to beam, lock together with wire, and place lug ready for type of carrier being used.
[Page break]
[Diagram of 3” Signal Mortar MK.I]
3” SIGNAL MORTAR MK. I
1. Barrel.
2. Stand.
3. Bracket + Pully.
4 Firing Lanyard.
5 Vent bit.
6 Sponges + Rammers.
7 Wire Brush.
[Page break]
28.2.41. [Underlined] (Fired Mortar) [/underlined] [Underlined] 3” Signal Mortar [/underlined] MK.I. Barrel with Vent, stand and pulley, firing lanyard, rammers and sponges, wire brush, vent bit. The signal or projectile charge is orange or yellow to the hight of 1,000ft. when the mortar is fired at 80°/Des. the flame lights up shortly after leaving the muzzle, burns to it trajectory and part of the way down, (12 SECS in all). The charge is 1,700 grains in a muslin bag. [Underlined] Preparation [/underlined] go to stand and insert barrel securing it with pin, withdraw and refix pulley after passing lanyard through, then dry barrel with sponge, rinse out vent with vent bit; [underlined] Loading [/underlined] put Gun powder charge down barrel press carefully with rammer, lower projectile charge primed end down no forcing, insert friction tube, run-out lanyard, then attach C.hook in eye of friction tube, then ready for firing. [Underlined] Precautions [/underlined] the friction tube must not be inserted untill both charges are loaded, keep head and body well clear during loading, all personel keep well behind primer; full length of lanyard must be used; after fired used vent bit to clean vent; clean out barrel first with wet and then dry sponges holding thumb over vent hole. [Underlined] Misfire [/underlined] first time wait 1 MIN. second time 1MIN. third time 30 MINS, leaving mortar under guard. Make record of rounds fired, after 200 rounds apply for A.I.D. examination, never fire more than 250 rounds from one mortar untill A.I.Ds. consent.
[Page break]
[Diagram of Type ‘A’ Bomb Distributor]
[Underlined] AP 1095 [/underlined]
NEW DISTRIBUTOR MK IV AS ON ALL MODEAR A/C LANC. WIMP. ECT.
.5 - .04 SEC.
[Page break]
29.2.40. TWIN B. CARRIER [Underlined] Bomb Distributers [/underlined] TYPE A. MK. IV To test circuits, put tumbler switch to test, move comb arm down, lock mortar with locking nut, put release arm down, switch on each bomb in turn (8 switches)
[Underlined] 3.4.41. [/underlined] [Underlined] To release bombs singly or in Salvo. [/underlined] move comb arm down, lock mortar, put tumbler switch to release, switch on selected, bomb or bombs, release instantaneously by depressing release arm, ([underlined] Auto release [/underlined] put tumbler switch to test) X
[Underlined] Signal Cartridges [/underlined]
Types/ Single star 3. / Change star 2 / Double star 6 / Smoke Puff Illuminating. 2 /
[Underlined] Action [/underlined] when percussion cap is struck, the flash ignites powder charge, the gasses formed drives out star also igniting the quickmatch or priming compo, which in turn ingites the star. [Underlined] Single and Change stars [/underlined] are identified by colour bands, [underlined] double star [/underlined] by triangles, [underlined] smok puff [/underlined] by smoke mark, cartridge illuminating by larger size. All cartridges ignites 1 SECS. after firing, except [underlined] smoke puff [/underlined] which is 1 1/2 SECS. owing to delay fuze in [deleted] funnel [/deleted] bush. Single and Double burns for 10 SECS. Change star for 3 and 8 SECS. (11 in all)
[Underlined] Signal Rocket [/underlined] 1lb. MK. III remove wood plugs, attach stick and lock, then place in pipe or tube, light portfire and apply to end of rocket, stand clear and up-wind.
[Underlined] Action [/underlined] the flame from portfire ignites the powder in vent which ignites rocket compo, the gasses generated escapes at high velocity through vent, this action drives rocket up when compo. is burnt out the flame is carried on to the gun-powder which ignites and expells the 28 white stars (at 800 FT) burning for 5 secs. (ground to air.)
ROYAL AIR FORCE.
Rough Notebook for use in Laboratories and Workshops.
[Page break]
BOMBS + COMPONENTS.
G.P. BOMBS. G.P. Bombs are used for general purposes against personal and materials they are fuzed at the nose and tail.
10-2-41
[Underlined] Old Type of G.P. Bombs. [/underlined]
These are in 3 weights 120lb – 250lb. and 500lb. MKS. I. II. III have a central tube from nose to tail.
[Underlined] New Type G.P. Bombs [/underlined]
The new type of G.P. bombs are in 3 weights 250lb. 500lb MK IV and 1,000lb G.P. MK I, these bombs have pockets at each end instead of the central tube. The 250lb. and 500lb have clip-on tail units, the 1,000lb bomb has a tail unit which is fixed my means of 4 bolts.
[Diagram in margin]
40lb. G.P. and 20 “F” Bomb.
The 20 “F” bomb is used against personal because it has a great fragmentation effect, it is with T.N.T., and fuzed in the nose only.
The 40lb. G.P. is similar to the 20lb. “F” but is larger, and is used for general purposes, and it is filled with [underlined] Amatol. [/underlined]
[Page break]
[Diagrams of Bombs with colour schemes, descriptions of markings and filling ratios]
[Page break]
[Underlined] Parachute Bombs. [/underlined]
A number of 20lb. “F” and 40lb. G.P. bombs have a parachute fitted in they tail unit. This increases the fragmentation effect by preventing the bomb from penetrating; this one has a special pistol fitted.
[Underlined] 20lb. H.E Old Type MK.I. [/underlined]
This is a old type of bomb which has a No16 pistol fitted in the nose.
[Underlined] High Explosive. [/underlined]
10.2.41 P.M. [Underlined] An Explosive. [/underlined] is a substance which on being rendered chemically unstable by heat, light or shock rapidly evolves a large quantity of gas with or without heat. Explosives are divided into 2 groups A. HE. And B L.E. The main differince is the rate of becoming unstable.
Detonation takes place with H. Explosive. (H.E.)
Explostion takes place with Low Explosive. (L.E.)
[Underlined] Initiation. [/underlined]
Fulminate of Mercury. Lead Azide.
Lead Styphnate. A.S.A. Mixture.
[Underlined] Intermediaries [/underlined]
C.E. Pure T.N.T. Dry Gun Cotton.
Main Fillings
T.NT. BARATOL. AMATOL. SHELLITE. AMATEX.
[Table of percentages and ratios for fillings]
[Page break]
Essential Requirements of a High Explosive.
1. To have a maximum shattering effect.
2. To be insensitive to shock or friction.
3. To be obtainable at high density.
4. To have sufficient ease of detonation.
5. To be stable in storage, safe to handle and transport.
6. To be free from re-action with its container.
7. To be cheap, easy and safe to manufacture.
8. To be free from exudation.
[Page break]
[Underlined] Low Explosives. [/underlined]
11.2.41. [Underlined] Propellants. [/underlined]
.Gun Powder. .Nitro Cellulose. N.C.Z.
Cordite. 2 Types. M.D and S.C.
[Underlined] Hardening and Temporing Steel. [/underlined]
The object of temporing is to reduce Brittleness of hardened steel, in order to mak it suitable for the purpose for which it is required. Unfortunately Brittleness can only be removed from a straight Carbon Steel at the expence of hardness. Temporing is a heating of hardened Carbon steel sufficiently to remove known amount of hardness, and there-fore brittleness. The temporing range is from 200°/c to 320°/c for carbon steel.
[Underlined] The Colour Metal [/underlined]
If a piece of clean steel is slowly heated it will [deleted] by [/deleted] be seen that a series of colours will appear in the following oder
1 Very Pale Yellow. 200°/c
2 Straw Yellow 240°/c
3 Brown Yellow 260°/c
4 Light Purple 276°/c
5 Dark Purple 290°/c
6 Dark Blue 296°/c
7 Light Blue 320°/c
[Page break]
Each colour represents a definate temperature thus a dead hard job quenched, at the required colour will result in a degree of tempor definitely known.
[Underlined] Process cold Chisel [/underlined] :- heat the cutting edge about 1 1/2“ back from the point a medium red heat, dip the point quickly to about 3/4” in c.c water holding it upright and keep a straight up and down motion whilst cooling, when the point is cold with-draw and polish with an abrasive and the heat [deleted] will [/deleted] remaining in the body of the chisel will begin to heat the cold point causing tempor colours to appear, when the desired colour (in this case Brown changes to Purple) appears cool of in cold clean water to avoid further temporing.
[Underlined] Treatment to Carbon Steel to Anille or Soften [/underlined]
Heat to a medium red, allow to cool of slowly by burying it in sand or lime, to [underlined] harden [/underlined] heat to cherry red and plunge into cold water to unomalize heat to a medium allow to cool freely in the air.
[Page break]
11.2.41 P.M. [Underlined] Tools [/underlined]
[Underlined] Scribbing Block. [/underlined] conts. 3 Main parts. {Block.) Pillar. (Scriber.)
[Underlined] Combination Set 0. 180
Conts Rule. The Square The Protractor Centre Square
[Diagrams]
[Underlined] Files [/underlined] in 5 Shapes.(H.S.E.)
[Diagrams showing File Shapes, annotated]
FLAT [underlined] HAND SAFE EDGE. [/underlined]
ROUND.
3 SQUARE
SQUARE
HALF ROUND.
ROUCH. 10”
BASTARD 10”
SECOND CUT 8”
SMOOTH.
DEAD. SMOOTH.
SINGLE CUT. DOUBLE CUT.
[Underlined] HACK SAW [/underlined] 2 TYPES ADJUSTABLE & FIXED.
[Underlined] CHISELS [/underlined] FLAT. CROSS-CUT. + DIAMOND.
[Underlined] HAMMERS [/underlined] BALL-PANE. CROSS-PANE. SQUARE-PANE.
[Diagrams]
[Underlined] SOFT HAMMERS. [/underlined] WOODEN MELLET. .LEAD. .COPPER. .RUBBER.
[Underlined] GUAGES FEELERS [/underlined] 2,000 to 15,000
[Underlined] CALIPERS [/underlined] [Diagrams] INTERNAL. (EX.) DIVIDERS.
[Underlined] PUNCHES. [/underlined] CENTRE. PIN. + COPPER FACED. DRIFTS.
[Underlined] 12” RULE [/underlined] 1/64”.
[Underlined] RATCHET SCREW DRIVER. [/underlined] + SHEARS.
[Page break]
No 16 NOSE PISTOL
20lb H.E. Mk.I
[Diagrams]
[Underlined] Safety Devices [/underlined]
1 [Underlined] Vane securing Wire [/underlined]
2. [Underlined] Shearing Wire [/underlined]
3. [Underlined] Striker Pellet Wheel [/underlined].
[Page break]
[Underlined] BOMB PISTOLS [/underlined]
[Table showing Pistols, Bomb Used In and Safety Devices]
Differences in the MKs. Of 28 Pistol.
[Underlined] Pistol 28 MK. I. The coil spring and striker [underlined] cannot [/underlined] be removed. MK II This pistol has a screw on portion at the end which [underlined] can be [/underlined] removed to enable you to remove the coil-spring and striker.
MK. III This is similar to the MK. II but it has a stronger [underlined] safety Fork [/underlined] this increases the sinsitivity.
[Page break]
[Diagrams of Bombs and Bomb Sections including colours, markings, fillings, screws and caps.]
[Page break]
12.2.41 [Underlined] Stick Attachment [/underlined]
This is fitted to the No. 27 nose pistol to increase the Fragmentation effect when the G.P. bob is dropped on water.
[Diagram of No 27 Nose Pistol in margin]
[Underlined] S.A.P. Bomb. [/underlined]
250. 500. MKs. I II III or IV. these bombs are fitted with a tail Fuze. No. 30. (1/10 SEC Delay.)
[Underlined] S.A.P. [/underlined] 250. 500 MK. V is fitted with a No. 47 [deleted] delod [/deleted] delonator and a No. 28 pistol; it has a clip-on tail unit.
[Underlined] 2,000 A.P. Bomb. [/underlined] This bomb is fitted with Shellite, (Some of these bombs will be filled with Amatol.) it is fitted with a No. 37 Fuze in the tail.
[Underlined] A.S. (ANTI SUBMARINE) Bombs. [/underlined]
[Deleted] 100, [/deleted] [Symbol] 250. 500 MK. I II III These bombs are fitted with a No. 32 Fuze in the nose end. A Ballistic cap is fitted to the nose end of the bomb to produce a flat nose bomb, this prevents the bomb from deviating from its path through the water.
[Page break]
[Underlined] BOMB TOOLS. [/UNDERLINED]
[Diagrams Of bomb tools]
[Page break]
[Underlined] A.S. Bomb. [/underlined] [deleted] 100. [/deleted] [Symbol] 250. 500 MK. IV [underlined] (LATEST) [/underlined]
This bomb is fitted with a detonator and a No. 30 pistol in the tail. It has a clip-on tail unit. The nose is flat shaped. This bomb is filled with [underlined] Batatol [/underlined]
[Underlined] Scatter Piece. [underlined]
These Pieces are fitted to the 20lb, “F” and 40lb G.P. bombs between the pistol and bomb body. This is to seperate the bombs over a greater area.
3” Piece for the 20lb “F” only
4” Piece for the 20lb “F” or 40lb. G.P.
5” Piece for the 40lb G.P. only.
1 Bomb in each compartment will be fitted with a disc.
[Underlined] Collet Bar. [/underlined] This bar is used for examining bomb pockets.
[Page break]
DETONATORS. OLD TYPE.
COLOUR DELAY
WHITE INST.
YELLOW 1 SEC.
GREEN 2.5 SECS.
BLUE 11-15 SECS.
DETONATORS. OLD TYPE. ALL THESE DETONATORS USED IN THE OLD G.Ps.
[Table of Colour codes and detonator types]
[Table of Detonator Holders, Types of Bomb Used In and Schemes]
[Diagrams of Detonators, including New Type]
[Page break]
13.2.41. [Underlined] Detonators (New Type) [/underlined]
No 36 or No. 43 detonators will be fitted in the nose of the 20 “F” and 40 G.P. 250lb . 500lb G.P. MK IV and 1,000lb G.P. MK. I
No. 35. No 44. and No. 45 these detonators will be fitted in the tail of the 250lb 500lb [inserted] MK.IV [/inserted] and 1,000 MK I according to the required.
[Underlined] Exploders. [/underlined]
NOSE. No 16 EXPLODER 12.1” 250lb – 500lb. MKs I II II. SCHEMES. ‘A’. and ‘B’.
TAIL. No 19 EXPLODER 7.39” 250LB. – 500LB. MKs I II III.
[Diagrams of Exploders]
[Table of Exploders and Marks of Bomb]
No 20 and No 21 filled with T.N.T.
No 22 has a centrail tube because of the C.E. nose & tail ‘C’.
[Page break]
[Diagrams of Fuses with Detonators and Exploders]
[Underlined] FUZEING SCHEMES A.B.C. [/underlined]
[Underlined] Precautions when Fuzing the Bomb [/underlined]
1. Nose and tail adapter threads must be clean and undamaged.
2. Nose and tail Pistol must be tested before insertion into the bomb.
3. When the bomb is fuzed it should be marked so.
[Page break]
14.2.41. [Underlined] A.P. A.S. S.A.P [/underlined] 20lb ‘F’ and 40 G.P. all exploders are already built in as they leave the factory.
[Underlined] Taxying Seal [/underlined] this is fitted to the No. 32 MK III Fuze, between the flange and the body of fuze; this is to prevent any ingress of moisture, and a special safety clip is fitted to keep joints tight.
[Underlined] Fuzes [/underlined]
15.2.41 No 37 Tail Fuze almost the same as the No. 30. The difference is that the No. 30 has a longer [underlined] arming [/underlined] rod which is jointed, so that it will rotate freely.
This Fuze is used in the 2,000lb. A.P
No. 32 Fuze in the nose of the A.S bomb.
Nose Fuze for testing. Clock-wise 10 times and then back.
Tail Fuze for testing. Anti-clockwise 10 times and then back.
No 32 MK III 60-1.
No. 32 MKs. I II 30-1.
[Underlined] Site Fuzing Precautions. [/underlined]
1. 75 yds. From any A/C ect.
2. Bombs should be Fuzed over soft ground.
3. Fuze the right number of bombs, (no more, no less.)
4. Do not Fuze bombs in the slip-stream of any A/C.
5. Bombs must not be Fuzed on or near any bomb stores.
[Page break]
11 1/2 lb. FLASH BOMB. OR SMOKE BOMB.
[Diagram of Flash Bomb]
No. 28 DET. BUSTER.
[Diagrams of Bomb Markings]
TWO CHEMICALS USED IN SMOKE BOMBS
TITANIUM TETRACHLORIDE
STANNIC CHLORIDE.
FLASH AND SMOKE BOMBS HAVE ALL WHITE BODIES.
Treatment of Drums.
Stannic Chloride and Tetrachloride on receipt in Unit, the plug is to be removed and threads cleaned with Carbon Tetrachloride. The threads are to be cleaned, then coated with a mixture of graphite and M.T oil. This should be carried out as quickly as possible to prevent moist air from entering the drum. Empty Drums are not to be washed out, but the Plugs as on receipt and screwed in to exclude air.
[Page break]
11 1/2 lb Practice Bombs.
15.2.41. P.M. Smoke or Flash.
[Underlined] Smoke bomb. [/underlined] Body [underlined] White [/underlined] 2 x 2 1/2” Green Bands on tail end of body.
[Underlined] Flash bomb [/underlined] Body [underlined] White. [/underlined] 1/2” Red Nose Band. 2 x 2 1/2” Black band on tail end of body.
[Underlined] Smoke bomb. [/underlined] filled with Titanium Tetrachloride. or Stannic Chloride.
[Underlined] Flash bomb. [/underlined] filled with Gun Powder and Magnesium turnings.
[Underlined] Practice [/underlined] bombs are used in this service so that actual bombing can be carried out on our own bombing ranges. The [underlined] Smoke [/underlined] bomb is used in the day-time and the [underlined] Flash [/underlined] bomb my night-time.
[Underlined] Safety Devices. [/underlined] Safety Pin. Safety Plunger and Spring.
The Nose of the Practice is made of Cast Iron and filled with Lead [deleted] to [/deleted] according to the weight of filling in the tail. The tail is made of sheet Tin.
[Underlined] Action [/underlined] when the bomb is released the spring loaded plunger disengages, alowing striker rod to brake shearing wire and strike No 28 Detonator Buster on impact.
[Page break]
[Table of Old Types of Bombs]
[Page break]
[Underlined] NEW. DETONATORS. [/underlined]
[Table of New Detonators showing No., Delay, Colour and Where Fitted]
[Page break]
4lb. INCENDIARY BOMB.
[Diagram of Incendiary bomb showing colours and fillings]
[Page break]
17.2.41. 4lb INCENDIARY BOMB.
The bombs come to the station packed 20 in a box 4 rows of 5s. 4 of the top row of 5 are MK.IE. or MK II. The MK.IE. or MK.II has an extra bright red band on the body, also the end of the tail unit is painted br. Red. This bomb has an explosive in the nose , which goes of in the first 5 mins.
The MK. I burns for 10 to 15 mins.
The safety devices are
1. Spring loaded plunger.
2. Creep spring
3. Brass furrule.
20 in a box.
3 BOXES in a container.
4 in 20 bombs are H.E.
[Page break]
25lb INCENDIARY BOMB. MK.I/A
[Diagram of Bomb showing paint scheme and internal contents]
[Page break]
18.2.41. 25lb. INCENDIARY BOMB.
Conts. 3 main parts. Nose, Container and tail.
Nose made of steel.
Container containing 7 fire-pots.
Tail unit of Aluminium.
On release from the carrier the wind acting on the paper discs blows out the parachute. The inertia rod is pulled up and ball-bearings are allowed to move clear. The inertia rod is pulled up and ball-bearings are allowed to move clear. The inertia rod comes to rest on the striker which acts as an additional weight which enables the striker to brake the shearing-wire. On impact the shearing wire is broken and the striker goes onto the cap which ignitits the igniting composition which light the Tail Blowing off charge which blows of the tail and starts the bomb going.
There is a 3 to 4 mins. delay between each fire-part, each f-part can fly about 300 feet, also each one gets thrown in a different direction.
If this bomb has to be used on a carrier a No.6 expansion lug is fitted to the bomb.
To load these bombs they go 4 in a compartment and there are 2 compartments in a container.
[Page break]
[Underlined] FUZES. [/underlined]
[Underlined] INSTANTANEOUS AND DELAY. [/underlined]
[Underlined] Instantaneous [/underlined] fuze is coloured Orange or yellow.
[Underlined] Delay Fuze [/underlined] is coloured Black.
[Underlined] Fuze Instantaneous. [/underlined] MK.IV conts. Of 3 strands of quickmatch in a tube of waterproof tape surrounded by twisted cotton in a gutta-percha tube bound by worsted tape.
The rate of burning is 90FT per SEC.
[Underlined] Fuze Delay [/underlined] No 15A. A train of powder protected in a somewhat similar manner to the Instantaneous MK.IV.
The rate of burning is 90 SECS. Per yard.
[Underlined] Fuze. Delay [/underlined] No. 17 MK.I A train of [underlined] special [/underlined] powder similarly protected.
Rate of burning 50 to 70 SECS. per yard.
Colour. White. This fuze is used only in the No21 Detonators.
[Page break]
MICROMETER.
4 Kinds.
1 Internal [deleted] 1” 2” 3” [/deleted]
3 External 1” 2” 3”
[Diagram of Micrometer with scales]
[Underlined] VERNIER CALLIPERS. 4”. [/underlined]
[Diagram of Vernier Callipers]
For internal measuring add .25 to total measurement.
[Page break]
19.2.41. [Underlined] BOMB CARRIERS. [/UNDERLINED]
[Underlined] Universal [/underlined] No 1. For 250lb.
[Underlined] Universal [/underlined] No. 2. For 500lb. (15” longer.)
[Light Series [/underlined] EM/LS. ‘A’ Type.
[Underlined] 2,000lb [/underlined] bomb Carrier
Universal carrier No.1. is made of Duralilium. On the main channel are two plate to strengthen it where the central Release is fixed. There are nose and tail fuze boxes on the carrier which are operated from the cockpit. The fuze setting control link is held in place by ajustment, in the fuze box, when the switch is on a rod comes across the F.S.C.L. so, when bomb is released the Pressure Plate stop is drawn out; and bomb falls alive. The EM.C. Release slip is operated by another switch. No2. 15” longer for fuzing No.32 Fuze on A.S Bombs, and for taking 500lb bombs.
[Underlined] Light Series [/underlined] EM/LS. ‘A’ same metal as UN. No1. Top plate with 4 holes segrated for strength. 4 Release Slips. 8 Spring loaded crutches.
[Page break]
[Diagrams of Bomb Carriers]
NOTE. A/C SUPPLY IS FROM A 12 VOLT ACCUMULATOR.
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21.2.41. [Underlined] E.M/L.S. STORES CARRIED. [/underlined] (L.S Light Series]
4. 20lb H.Es. R.L.
4. 20lb “F”.s.
4. 40lb G.Ps.
4. 11 1/2 lb. PRACTICE. (SMOKE OR FLASH.)
4. SMOKE FLOATS. NAVIGATION.
4. 4.5” RECONNAISSANCE FLARES.
4. ALUMINIUM SEA MARKERS. MK.III.
4. 4” TRAINING FLARES.
3. SMOKE GENERATORS. No. 11.
1. SMOKE PUFF APPARATUS.
1. PHOTO-FLASH CONTAINER.
[Underlined] No1. UNIVERSAL EM/EF. STORES CARRIED [/underlined]
1. H.E. BOMB ANY TYPE FROM 100lbs. TO 250lbs.
1. WATER BALLAST CONTAINER.
1. SMALL BOMB CONTAINER.
1. SMOKE PUFF APPARATUS.
1 11 1/2 lb. PRACTICE BOMB. (FLASH OR SMOKE)
1. SUPPLIES DROPPING APPARATUS.
1. 250lb. SMOKE CURTAIN INSTALLATION.
1. RECONNAISSANCE FLARE. (ANY SIZE.)
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[Underlined] No2. UNIVERSAL EM/EF. [/underlined]
[Underlined] STORES CARRIED [/underlined]
1. H.E. ANY TYPE FROM 100lbS TO 550lbs.
1. 500lb SMOKE CURTAIN INSTALLATION.
1. OF ANY STORES CARRIED ON No1 UNIVERSAL EM/EF. CARRIER.
[Underlined] Differences in Type of Release Units [/underlined]
Type. ‘A’. I II III. Used for light stores. (L.S.Carrier)
Type ‘B’ [symbol]
Type ‘C’. I II III To operate single hook release clip. (Universal Carriers.)
Type ‘D’ MK IV To operate [underlined] Wellington [/underlined] release clip.
Type ‘E’ ‘A’ Type unit without front crutch. (No A.1 Attachment)
No 1 unit is the nearest unit on the right side. (Starboard.)
[Underlined] Light Series [/underlined] carries 3MKS in Types ‘A’. ‘C’. ‘E”.
[Underlined] Wiring Positive. [/underlined] Red. Circuit never broken.
Negative. Blue. Circuit is looped.
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SINGLE HOOK [underlined] MK III. V.A.D. [/underlined] RELEASE SLIP.
[Diagram of Single Hook Release Slip with different MKs]
[Table]
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[Underlined] Release Slips. [/underlined]
The difference between MKs. I. II and III is projecting side plate, between MK. II + III is that the Axis Pin through Bomb Hook is flush (MK.II) with the Side Plate and the MK.III Axis Pin is raised and sealed with split-pin.
No 1 Carrier Bomb Release Slip single Hook Type.
MK.I Side Plates with Projection side plates at top end.
MK. II Projection removed and covered.
MK. III Projection removed and cut short. Axis Pin is raised and locked.
[Underlined] V.A.D. [/underlined] Indicates only 2 Leap Springs. Action control by leap spring, operating lever, packing piece, (brass) bomb hook stop, (Brass.) Safety catch (Brass), Tortion spring, Roller bearing, Release arm, and bomb hook with tail piece or horn.
[Underlined] Action. [/underlined]
When the operating lever is rotated, the [underlined] bent [/underlined] is disengaged from the safety catch, the tortion spring is compressed and the spacing rivet bears upon the top of the release arm; further rotation of the operating lever raises the release arm, and compresses the leap spring and lifts the roller bearing clear of the bomb hook. The weight of the bomb moves the B. hook which comes to rest on the B. Hook Stop.
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NEW ‘B’ TYPE CRUTCH.
[Diagrams of ‘B’ Type Clutch]
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To Test Bomb Hook Release.
1. Ensure that when the operating lever is raised to the fullest extent, the roller bearing clears the tail of the bomb hook.
2 Ensure sufficient clearance between bomb hook and retaining lug.
3. Ensure that torsion spring keeps the bent of the operating lever engaged with the safety catch.
4 Ensure when release slip is on to the carrier frame that the bomb hook rotates freely.
[Symbol] 5 Ensure there is a clearance between tail of bomb hook and safety catch is over 15 thou. (using feelers).
[Underlined] Carriers. cont. [/underlined] UNIV. No.1 + 2.
22.2.41 Has. “B” Type strengthening crutch. ‘A’. ‘B’. ‘C’. positions, fixed only to the rear of the carrier, (‘C’ is to stow-away.)
‘A’ all bombs of 500lbs and all containers.
‘B’ all bombs below 500lbs.
‘C’ MK. I. S.B.C.
No 1. And 2 Universal Cs are fitted with 3 and 3A. adaptor for Practice bombs. Front one adjustable; rear one fixed, Suspension by Lug Chair holds the centre of bomb.
UN CARRIERS. MK 3 ALL STEEL. -250 – 500.
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[Diagram of Universal Carrier]
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[Underlined] L.S. TYPE ‘A’ UNIT [/underlined]
Oiled by felt washers to prevent oil dripping into unit. Type ‘A’ unit has bomb hook attached not seperate as on type ‘C’ Un.
[Table of Stores and Attachments]
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[Diagrams of Bomb Carriers]
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24.2.41 L.S./EM.
Fitting the LS/EM carrier to Universal attachments.
Stores required:- a L.S./EM. With auto [inserted] 2 Plug [/inserted] selector box; fitted and a L.S adaptor frame;
Procedure.
1. Remove bracing members from Carriers Eye Bolts.
2. Remove the five Pin Plug from aircraft supply.
3. and remove universal Carrier, then bolt into place L.S adaptor frame, attach bracing members form craft to eye bolts of frame then bolt into place L.S. Carrier and plug threw carrier into supply of the aircraft.
[Underlined] Type ‘A’ 3 Unit for L/S carrier [/underlined] (with auto selector) 2 Plug.
[Underlined] Action, [/underlined] when the pilot presses the firing switch the current flows to the E.M. unit and energises the magnet; the safety magnet Armature, disengaging the bent from the toe of release arm is drawn down by the release [deleted] arm [/deleted] magnet disengaging the bent from the nose of the release lever, the trigger spring rotates the trigger the nose of which being engaged with the bent of the release lever rotates the lever and breaks the [underlined] circuit [/underlined], the tail of the trigger moves away from the face of the bomb hook and the weight of the bomb rotates the hook, when the bomb is clear the hook is reposititioned by its own spring. Oder of firing auto switch 1ST. 1. 2ND. 4. 3RD 3. 4TH 2.
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INSPECTIONS ON CARRIERS.
‘A’ (DAILY NO BOMBING) SECURITY – CORROSION – DAMAGE – FUITONING TEST EVERY 6 DAYS.
‘B’ BEFORE BOMBING, (NORMAL D1) FORM 700 SEE ELECTRICIAN HAS SIGNED – DAMAGE DISTORTION – SECURITY. [Underlined] TEST RELEASE SLIP [/underlined] FUNCTIONING TEST – LOAD BOMB – LIGHT TEST. REMOVE SAFETY DEVICES.
‘C’ (HANG UP) BOMB AIMES REPORT – ELECTRICANS – ARM – OFFICER.
‘D’ (BETWEEN FLIGHTS) C OR B INSP.
‘E’ (END OF DAYS BOMBING) (‘C’ INSP IF H.P) CLEAN OIL CARRIER – LOOK FOR DAMAGE – LEAVE UNIT UNCORKED
‘F’ MINOR INSPECTION 50 HR. TAKE RACK TO ARMOURY STRIP – CLEAN – ASSEMBLE. CARRY OUT TESTS.
‘G’ 120 HR MAJOR INSP
‘H’ CARRIER INTO STORIES LABLE ATTACHED – FUNCTION TEST EVERY 28 DAYS.
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Small Bomb Container (S.B.C) MK.I. + IA.
25.2.41. MK. I. cannot be used on a catapulted A/C.
MK. I.A. can be used on a catapulted A/C. (much stronger than MK I).
The auto selector switch box tells the front of the carrier. Only 3 EM units on carrier, No. 1 is blank, so always set auto box at No. 2, the order of firing is No 2 Rear. No 3 Front. No 4 Centre.
[Table of Stores, Carried and Position on Rail]
P marked on EM. UNIT means all units fired at the same time.
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4” TRAINING FLARE.
[Diagrams of 4” Training Flare Internal and External]
26.2.41. [Underlined] Pyrotechnics [/underlined]
[Underlined] Flare A/C Reconnaissance, 4” Training. [/underlined] This flare is so designed that the case remains suspended on the parachute instead of dropping to earth; and is therefor safe to release over any area.
Carrier Arrangements. L.S/E.M.
1. Engage suspension lug with release slip and ajust crutches tightly enough to steady it.
2. Remove free end of stantic cord from canvas pocket and tie to rear crutch, putting loose cord back in pocket.
Launching from Tube
1. The suspension band must be removed before stowing in A/C.
[Symbol] [Deleted] 2. Remove safety Pin. {Only when used in tube) [/deleted] [Symbol]
3. Place flare in tube upside-down. (Do not remove safety Pin)
4. Make fast loop, and free end of static cord to eye-bolt on A/C.
[Underlined] Action. [/underlined]
On release the cord is pulled out of pocket, after 5FT of fall flaps and parachute emerges, after another 20FT of fall the breaking cord snaps; parachute opens and flare falls free. Pull percussion unit operates and ignits flare. Fuzible alloy disc melts and candle burns. This flare burns for about 3 1/4 mins; also it should not be used or dropped below 2,500FT. Rate of fall 500FT PER.MIN.
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SMOKE FLOAT A/C NAVIGATION GROUP XI
[Diagrams of Smoke Floats]
[Diagram of Aluminium Sea Markers and container]
ALUMINIUN SEA MARKERS.
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[Underlined] Smoke Float A/C. Navigation MK. II. [/underlined]
Method of igniting is percussion. No. 23 Tail Pistol. White smoke for 6 MINS.
[Underlined] Fuzing [/underlined] remove tail plug and insert NO.23 tail Pistol. (5/16 SPANER.)
[[Underlined] Action [/underlined] on release from a/c the No £ [inserted] MK I [/inserted] attachment is pulled clear, the vanes rotate and fall of leaving the stricker pellet held by creep-spring, on impact with the water the stricker pellet over comes the spring and strikes the cartridge base (.410) this ignites a small flash charge; the flash from .410 goes down the copper tube and ignites the pellet, this ignites the quick match, unpressed and pressed priming compo. which ignites the candle; the smoke which is generated forces off the zinc disc at the top of the emission tube, and white smoke is emited for about 6 MINS.
MK II has a (delay) fuze instead of copper tube [symbol] ob.
[Underlined] No 3 MK I. (RED SMOKE 40 SECS.) IN DINGHIES – COLOUR GREEN + YELLOW. (8 SECS DELAY)
[Underlined] Aluminium Sea Markers.
MKs. [inserted] U/S [/inserted] [underlined] IV [/underlined] + V used; MKs. [deleted] II [/deleted] + III [deleted] job [/deleted] MK. I [symbol]
These markers are used on the sea; the contence floats on the water in a round patch and this is used for bombing and gunning practice. When a marker is dropped it hits the water nose first; the water pressure breaks the disc and thread, also forcing rubber bag onto cutters and through end of marker; the marker body sinks, leaving the powder on the water as target.
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[Diagrams of Photoflash Apparatus]
[Diagrams of Smoke Puff Apparatus]
USED ON UN. CARRIERS.
WHEN ON CARRIER WIRE BOMB (SAFE)
[Diagram of Water Ballast Container]
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28.2.41. [Underlined] Signalling Photo-flash Apparatus. [/underlined]
[Underlined] Photo-flash Apparatus [/underlined] :- for practice bombing; used on light B.C, wood base, surrounded by plate tin, 4 lamp sockets in 4 compartments bulbs used are filled with magnesium foil. White colour bulbs are used by day and red by night.
[Underlined] Smoke Puff Apparatus [/underlined] :- used for finding wind speed and direction, made up of mild steel, carried on L.S. Carrier and Universal Carriers. 4 brass cannisters for smoke compo. (4 No. 26 Electric fuzes) fitted with Stannic Chloride. [Underlined] Preparation of Apparatus [/underlined] unscrew the four cannisters and unions, remove collar, place big disc, then fill 9/10 full with Stannic Chloride, (1/10 for air and liquid expansion; ) replace small lead disc, screw on union, place in No.26 E. fuze pass leads through frame, and connect to spring terminals, screw on cannisters to beam, lock together with wire, and place lug ready for type of carrier being used.
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[Diagram of 3” Signal Mortar MK.I]
3” SIGNAL MORTAR MK. I
1. Barrel.
2. Stand.
3. Bracket + Pully.
4 Firing Lanyard.
5 Vent bit.
6 Sponges + Rammers.
7 Wire Brush.
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28.2.41. [Underlined] (Fired Mortar) [/underlined] [Underlined] 3” Signal Mortar [/underlined] MK.I. Barrel with Vent, stand and pulley, firing lanyard, rammers and sponges, wire brush, vent bit. The signal or projectile charge is orange or yellow to the hight of 1,000ft. when the mortar is fired at 80°/Des. the flame lights up shortly after leaving the muzzle, burns to it trajectory and part of the way down, (12 SECS in all). The charge is 1,700 grains in a muslin bag. [Underlined] Preparation [/underlined] go to stand and insert barrel securing it with pin, withdraw and refix pulley after passing lanyard through, then dry barrel with sponge, rinse out vent with vent bit; [underlined] Loading [/underlined] put Gun powder charge down barrel press carefully with rammer, lower projectile charge primed end down no forcing, insert friction tube, run-out lanyard, then attach C.hook in eye of friction tube, then ready for firing. [Underlined] Precautions [/underlined] the friction tube must not be inserted untill both charges are loaded, keep head and body well clear during loading, all personel keep well behind primer; full length of lanyard must be used; after fired used vent bit to clean vent; clean out barrel first with wet and then dry sponges holding thumb over vent hole. [Underlined] Misfire [/underlined] first time wait 1 MIN. second time 1MIN. third time 30 MINS, leaving mortar under guard. Make record of rounds fired, after 200 rounds apply for A.I.D. examination, never fire more than 250 rounds from one mortar untill A.I.Ds. consent.
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[Diagram of Type ‘A’ Bomb Distributor]
[Underlined] AP 1095 [/underlined]
NEW DISTRIBUTOR MK IV AS ON ALL MODEAR A/C LANC. WIMP. ECT.
.5 - .04 SEC.
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29.2.40. TWIN B. CARRIER [Underlined] Bomb Distributers [/underlined] TYPE A. MK. IV To test circuits, put tumbler switch to test, move comb arm down, lock mortar with locking nut, put release arm down, switch on each bomb in turn (8 switches)
[Underlined] 3.4.41. [/underlined] [Underlined] To release bombs singly or in Salvo. [/underlined] move comb arm down, lock mortar, put tumbler switch to release, switch on selected, bomb or bombs, release instantaneously by depressing release arm, ([underlined] Auto release [/underlined] put tumbler switch to test) X
[Underlined] Signal Cartridges [/underlined]
Types/ Single star 3. / Change star 2 / Double star 6 / Smoke Puff Illuminating. 2 /
[Underlined] Action [/underlined] when percussion cap is struck, the flash ignites powder charge, the gasses formed drives out star also igniting the quickmatch or priming compo, which in turn ingites the star. [Underlined] Single and Change stars [/underlined] are identified by colour bands, [underlined] double star [/underlined] by triangles, [underlined] smok puff [/underlined] by smoke mark, cartridge illuminating by larger size. All cartridges ignites 1 SECS. after firing, except [underlined] smoke puff [/underlined] which is 1 1/2 SECS. owing to delay fuze in [deleted] funnel [/deleted] bush. Single and Double burns for 10 SECS. Change star for 3 and 8 SECS. (11 in all)
[Underlined] Signal Rocket [/underlined] 1lb. MK. III remove wood plugs, attach stick and lock, then place in pipe or tube, light portfire and apply to end of rocket, stand clear and up-wind.
[Underlined] Action [/underlined] the flame from portfire ignites the powder in vent which ignites rocket compo, the gasses generated escapes at high velocity through vent, this action drives rocket up when compo. is burnt out the flame is carried on to the gun-powder which ignites and expells the 28 white stars (at 800 FT) burning for 5 secs. (ground to air.)
Collection
Citation
Albert Victor Cluett, “Albert Cluett's armourers training notes ,” IBCC Digital Archive, accessed April 25, 2024, https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/collections/document/9673.
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