John Hitchcock's Rigging Notes

John Hitchcock's Rigging Notes

Notes kept by John during his training.

One booklet

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MHitchcockJS740899-170926-24

740899 Sgt. J. Hitchcock

Form 619.

[underlined] RIGGING [/underlined]

ROYAL AIR FORCE

Small Notebook for use in Schools.

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Advantages of Metal over Other Forms.

[circled 1] Wider choice of material possessing requisite properties.
[circled 2] Provides rigid structure but is relatively durable.
[circled 3] Parts can be made to fine limits.
x [circled 4] All attachments are metal to metal [symbol] definite.
[circled 5] Accurate interchangeability of parts as materials lend themselves to precise measurement & consistent reproduction.
[circled 6] For all structural purposes, the metals used on aircraft are practically unaffected by changes of climatic condition, but are subject to surface oxidation & other forms of corrosion unless care is taken for their preservation.

[underlined] Disadvantages [/underlined]

[circled 1] Corrosion
[circled 2] Vibration.

Vibration cut down by mounting certain components on rubber (tanks, engine etc).
Corrosion can be
[circled a] Surface
[circled b] Inter chrystalline [sic]

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Corrosion red (rust) on ferrous metals. On light alloys white powder, verdigris on copper alloys.

Caused by great humidity (especially on sea air)
Inter-crys. may be due to same causes as surface. More noticeable when some kind of inter-action is present; & owing to surface contract between different types of metal. The inter-action is electrolytic, i.e. a minute difference of electrical potential is set up between parts.

[underlined] Pilting [/underlined] is an impurity [deleted] expos [/deleted] in metal exposed by manufacture [deleted word] to the surface & causing corrosion entering deeply below surface.

No abrasive to take off surface corrosion, but a paraffin rag.

[underlined] Prevention of Corrosion [/underlined]

[circled 1] Painting the surface.
[circled 2] Stove enamel
[circled 3] Electrically deposit a metal (e.g. nickel, zinc) on surface.
[circled 4] For ferrous metals, adding certain elements (chromium)
[circled 5] For light alloys, giving anodic treatment which brings to surface aluminum hydroxide in a glassy adherent form.

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[underlined] Fuselages [/underlined]

3 Types.
1. Wooden
2. All metal
3. Composite.

3 diff. types of consideration for 1st two
[circled a] Braced girder
[circled b] Mono-coque
[circled c] Semi-mono-coque

Also Geodetic (all metal only).

Usually metal front, wooden rear of braced girder construction for the Composite.

[underlined] Braced girder [/underlined]
[underlined] Ordinary type [/underlined]
[diagram]

[underlined] N Type [/underlined]
[diagram]

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[underlined] Warren type [/underlined]

[diagram]
In all-welded fuselage no bracing wires.

[underlined] Geodetic [/underlined]
4 main longerons, no upright struts. Main advantage is that can’t be twisted.

[underlined] Mono-coque [/underlined]
Consists of formers & stringers (true). [diagram]
All wood. No internal bracing.

Panel bracing (semi-monocoque).
4 longerons, upright struts. Each side built separately in a jig. Also diagonals where necessary. Cover with a sheet of 3 ply. Bulkheads or formers at 3 places in fuselage. Covered with fabric.

[diagram]

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[underlined] Semi-mono-coq. metal [/underlined]
[circled 1] Formers & stringers in same manner as true m-c. fuselage with sheet metal riveted to them in form of large panels.
[circled 2] Formers only (bulkheads)

[diagrams]

[underlined] Main Planes [/underlined]

[circled 1] [underlined] Spars. [/underlined] Main members & take all stresses of normal & aerobatic flight, transferring them evenly to fuselage.
[circled 2] [underlined] Drag Struts & Bracings. [/underlined] These are fitted to brace spars into semi-rigid structure & to help transfer forces throughout plane.
[circled 3] [underlined] Drag bracing wires [/underlined] prevent [deleted] any [/undeleted] planes from folding backwards
[circled 4] [underlined] Anti-drag wires [/underlined] take forces in opposite direction
[circled 5] [underlined] Compression Rib [/underlined] Act in same way as strut but also act as a rib. Usually fitted at strut joints where extra strength is required to minimise twist of spars.
[circled 6] [underlined] Camber on Main Rib [/underlined] Fitted to give & maintain to

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the plane its aerofoil section. When plane is covered with fabric it is secured to these ribs.
[circled 7] [underlined] Nose ribs on riblets [/underlined] Absorb extra forces encountered during flight. As front of plane (leading edge to front spar) take initial shock of airflow.
[circled 8] [underlined] Leading & trailing edges [/underlined] Anchorages & steadying tubes for nose & main ribs forming boundary lines of the aerofoil completing its shape.
[circled 9] [underlined] Wing Tip [/underlined] Usually curved & of larger diameter than leading & trailing edge as unsupported [deleted] by [/deleted] & takes extra pull of fabric on end of plane also to suit manhandling on ground.
[circled 10] [underlined] Root Rib [/underlined] Of same aerofoil section as main rib but strengthened to take extra forces of end pull of fabric.
[circled 11] [underlined] Dope Struts [/underlined] Fixed to root ribs etc as support against pull on thrust.
[circled 12] [underlined] Torque Tubes [/underlined] Eliminate effect of torque on aileron by pull of control lever.

[underlined] Spars [/underlined]
[circled 1] Solid drawn tube [diagram]
[circled 2] Built [inserted] up [/inserted] of strip metal (steel)
[circled 3] Extruded section (light alloy).

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[underlined] Pierced Rivet [/underlined] [circled 1] [diagram]

[circled 2] [underlined] Shobert [/underlined] [diagram]

[underlined] Oleo Legs. [/underlined]
Recuperation Cylinder (inside is brake [indecipherable word]).
Bottom half is piston & piston head.
Oil level valve. Filling valve.
Air pressure varies according to aircraft.

[underlined] Aerofoils [/underlined]

[diagram]

[underlined] Group [circled I] [/underlined] [inserted] High Camber [/inserted] High Lift (bad speed properties).

Group [circled II] Low Camber (low lift, high speed).

Group [circled III] General Purpose (compromise of [circled I] & [circled II].

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[underlined] Flaps [/underlined]
[circled 1] Camber flaps. Reduced take off run, steeper climb, steeper glide. moved trailing edge.

Plain landing flap (camber flap)

[diagram] (21°)

[circled 2] [diagram] (60°) Split flap

[circled 3] [diagram] (90°) Nap flap.

[circled 4] [diagram] (45°) Handley Page
Slotted Flap

[circled 5] diagram (40°) Fowler flap
(increases wing area)

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