Ted Neale's Navigation Exercise Book
Title
Ted Neale's Navigation Exercise Book
Description
An exercise book kept by Ted Neale with his Navigation notes, as part of his training at 77 Operational Training Unit
Creator
Date
1944-03-13
Coverage
Language
Format
One exercise book with handwritten notes
Publisher
Rights
This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
Contributor
Identifier
MNealeETH1395951-150731-043
Transcription
[crest] EXERCISE BOOK
77 O.T.U. Course 6
NEALE E.T.H.
NAVIGATION
13 - 3 - 44.
[table of formulae]
[page break]
MISS. N. PAXTON.
[page break]
Training Scheme
2hr dry Swim
Map reading. Maps & charts. Types in use
Wind finding
Wireless aids.
Sextant calibration calculation of errors, Watch rating.
Use of air plot.
Map reading 2. hints on map reading (practical)
Astrograph. (1)
Sight calculation
Compass & Loop swinging.
Astro correction Sunrise etc.
Star recognition. day & night.
Pre flight planning
Practical navigation.
Technique.
Astro compass & Air swinging.
Log analysis
Astro theory
D.R. Compass
Bags of D.R.I.
Crew co operation.
Geography.
Position lines.
Time examples.
Log Keeping.
[page break]
[underlined] Day [/underlined] Flying Procedure
fly screen do bombing practice.
2 trips so without screens. full crew, + bombing 3 hrs
Dual cross country with screens.
Series of cross countries. 4 hrs & 5 hrs.
Test 1 hr
Cross country 5 hrs.
Fighter attacking 2 hrs.
Crew flying circuits.
[underlined] Night. [/underlined]
Cross country with screens.
2 4 hrs 15 hrs 26 hrs as crew
1 dual bombing at night 1 1/2 hrs
2 solos 3 hrs
1 trip with night fighters & searchlights.
[page break]
[underlined] Map Reading. [/underlined]
6 of Long are chosen the lat being 4 The scale is correct at 2 on either side of the central meridian
Position Errors for Wellington 3.
120 mph + 10
130 “ + 9
140 ” + 8
150 “ + 7
160 ” + 6
170 “ + 5
180 “ + 4
190 “ + 3
200 “ + 2
[calculation]
[page break]
[calculation]
[underlined] W/T ORGANISATION. [/underlined]
[diagram]
M/F STATIONS
LYDDA
HABBANIA
ELMAZA
M/F Range 200 – 300 miles
[page break]
[underlined] Radio Range. [/underlined] (U.S.A.).
not made clear.
Range of M/F 200 – 300 miles.
W/T Beacons.
Visual indicators, if needles turn to right then turn to port is executed. this is bearing not recip.
[underlined] Ditching. [/underlined]
W op transmitts [sic] between 1 hr to 10 past 30 mins to 40 mins.
[underlined] Priorities [/underlined]
SOS or Mayday, (distress)
O I have operational message of vital importance
OP Immediate & is to be used for (A) operation messages of less importance (B)
messages of extreme importance not amounting to immediate danger of crashing.
ie.
Lost with good deal of petrol, used to prefix QPM some mechanical mishap requiring return to base. Injury of one of the crew or severe illness.
P/
Important
[page break]
[underlined] H/F D/F. [/underlined] 0 – 100 miles.
Q.D.M. Q.D.L. [symbol] series of QDM’s.
MIDDLE EAST Distress frequency
Inter command H/F D/F
4575 Ks day
3105 “ night
[underlined] In distress. [/underlined] hand W op PSN Co HT Speed minutes of flying time left.
[underlined] H/F GUARD. [/underlined]
Broadcast every 1/2 hr w op must pick them up, diversion signals, met requests also time signals. All messages to base thru H/F guard
[page break]
[underlined] Local R/T procedure. [/underlined]
QASTINA ground control, Call word “Digest”
QASTINA satellite “Digest 2”
Bombing range “Digest Range”
“A” Flight “Drastic Red”
“B” ’’ “Drastic White”
“C” ‘’ “Drastic Blue”
“D” ‘’ “Drastic Green”
TT” ‘’ “Drastic grey”
[underlined] Ground Testing [/underlined]
A/c calls ground station
“Drastic Red D. Dog calling digest ground testing over”.
Answer:- “Drastic Red D. Dog loud and clear over.”
“Drastic Red D. Dog answering loud & clear also out.”
[underlined] Taxying Up. [/underlined]
“Drastic Red D. Dog caling Digest taxiing out over”
“Drastic Red D. Dog Roger out.”
[underlined] After each landing on Circuit & bumps. [/underlined]
‘Drastic Red D Dog calling digest landed & clear of runway over”
“Drastic Red D. Dog Roger out.”
[page break]
[underlined] After completing a detail. [/underlined]
“Drastic Red D Dog calling digest landed & clear of runway, detail completed (or not completed) over”
‘Drastic Red D Dog Roger out”
[underlined] Asking for Q.F.E. prior to landing. [/underlined]
M. “Drastic Red D Dog caliing Digest QFE over”
Answer. “Drastic Red D Dog Q.F.E. 1016 over.”
M. “Drastic Red D Dog QFE 1016 out.”
[underlined] R/T Procedure at Bombing Range. [/underlined]
M. “Drastic Red D Dog calling digest Range may I commence bombing over”
Answer “Drastic Red D Dog carry on for bombing over”
M. Drastic Red D Dog Wilco out.
after each bomb
Drastic Red D Dog calling Digest Range No 1 bomb gone over
Drastic Red D Dog Roger out.
[page break]
[underlined] R/T Call signs around QASTINA. [/underlined]
AQUIA. “DEVOUT”
LYDDA “BAGSHOT”
CAIRO WEST “STOCKYARD”
BEIRUT “ECHELON”
MALBBANIA. “CYCLOPS”
LGH3 “RAMPAGE”
ZERKA “LARRY”
[diagram]
[page break]
First Leg.
LOOP BASE for T.M.G. to 33
LOOP BEIRUT. Checks on G/S 33 to 34 20’
Cyprus. leg.
Loop at Paphos check on G/S. to 33 40’
Loop on BALTIM to check turning point.
3rd Leg.
Loop Baltim for homing.
4th Leg.
QDM. From GIANICLIS for check on G/S.
Loop on Cairo to check turning point.
5th Leg.
Loop from SHALLUFA for check on G/S. then later Loop Base & SHALLUFA for fix. Loop on Base for turning point, then homing on to BASE.
BASE CAIRO.
[underlined] Co 050 T [/underlined] TAS 150 KPH.
1220 loop BALTIM 270 + 050 = 320 – 180 = 140. 270 + 052 = 327
1230 Loop BASE 007 + 050 = 057 + 180 = 237
011 + 050 = 063 243
291/54 3035’N 3240’E
1220 052 QC + 5
30 41 N 32 18 1/2 E
311/15 (13).
T.Port needles right True bearings.
[page break]
[underlined] Astrograph. [/underlined]
Ensure that corrct band for time & latitude involved is used.
Select setting long & instal [sic] astrograph. Line up chart.
[underlined] Petrol System [/underlined]
[diagram]
[underlined] OVERLOADS [/underlined]
[page break]
[underlined] A/1134. [/underlined]
WOP CREW
[table]
TR1196 used instead of T.R.9.
Emergency codes with lights.
E/A sighted series of A’s
Turn to Port = dot’s; action to be taken on last dot:
Turn to STB = dashes “ “ “ “ “ “ dash.
at shooting down of E/A = XX or all clear.
If gunner catches packet = NNN –
R crash landing
P for ditching
L for baling out.
Length of trailing ariel [sic] 50ft.
[page break]
[calculations]
[page break]
[underlined] MK 14 Bomb Sight.
Services. [/underlined]
1/. Electricity. 12 or 24 volts to Servo motors
2/. Suction 4 1/2 inches of mercury to pitch and roll gyros
3/. Air pressure 5lbs [symbol] in for pneumatic servo’s
4/. Static vent for ASI & altimeter
5/. Pitot vent for ASI
6/. Course control D.R compass or manual.
[underlined] Settings for Bombing. [/underlined]
Before flight.
1/. Met wind speed.
2/. Met wind direction
3/. Bomb T. [deleted] W [/deleted] V
4/. Target height against MSL Press at Target.
5/. Levelling scales for all up wt at target.
[underlined] Approaching Target. [/underlined]
1/. Bomb sight air cock on.
2/. Computor switch on.
3/. Graticule on.
4/. Reset wind speed & direction check course dial reading.
[underlined] On Bombing Run. [/underlined]
If no D.R.C system in A/C course
[page break]
must be fed in to the computor by another crew member ie NAV. give usual instructions to pilot to bring target down drift line release bombs when graticule covers target.
[underlined] N.B. [/underlined] before releasing bomb permit collimator to return to neutral.
[underlined] after Bombing [/underlined]
1/. Graticule off
2/. Computor Off
3/. Air off
in this order only.
[page break]
[calculations]
[page break]
[calculations]
[page break]
[calculations]
[page break]
[calculations]
[page break]
[diagram]
[torn page]
[calculations]
[page break]
[table of bearings]
DRIFT & PSN LINE METHOD OF WIND FINDING
[diagram]
[page break]
A – B : Courses flown. At time of position line draw in Air posn A/C later to course approx at right angles to posn line. from Air posn at time of posn line draw in reverse of this last course (at RT Angles to posn line) for time flown at Air speed. from posn obtained draw in line to A. Posn at time of posn line, this will wind up to time of
[torn page]
[calculations]
[page break]
MARINE SEXTANT
[calculations]
[page break]
[calculations]
[page break]
[calculations]
[page break]
[circled 1]/ [underlined] PERPENDICULAR ERROR. [/underlined] MIRROR COCKEYED.
Not experienced
[circled 2]. [underlined] SIDE ERROR [/underlined]
Displacement of Prism & bubble chamber offset.
[circled 3]. [underlined] INDEX ERROR [/underlined]
ERRORS IN MECHANISM.
[circled 4] SHADE ERROR. [/underlined]
Dirty or bad shade causes refraction.
[circled 5] [underlined] WEAR & TEAR. [/underlined]
Old age.
[circled 6] PERSONAL ERROR. [/underlined]
Sight [underlined] REFRACTION [/underlined] TABLE “A” applies to us.
[underlined] DOME REFRACTION.
SEMI DIAMETER. [/underlined] Sun & Moon
[underlined] DIP.
PARALLAX IN ALTITUDE. [/underlined]
CORRECTIONS
HT. OBSERVED
[symbol] SEXTANT CORRN
- DIP
- REFRACTION
- DOME REFRACTION
[symbol]
S. DIAMETER
+ PIN A
[symbol]
Q CRN
= CALCULATED ALT
[diagram]
[page break]
WATCH READING 2158 06 10 secs fast = 2157 56
[calculations]
[page break]
[table of conversions]
77 O.T.U. Course 6
NEALE E.T.H.
NAVIGATION
13 - 3 - 44.
[table of formulae]
[page break]
MISS. N. PAXTON.
[page break]
Training Scheme
2hr dry Swim
Map reading. Maps & charts. Types in use
Wind finding
Wireless aids.
Sextant calibration calculation of errors, Watch rating.
Use of air plot.
Map reading 2. hints on map reading (practical)
Astrograph. (1)
Sight calculation
Compass & Loop swinging.
Astro correction Sunrise etc.
Star recognition. day & night.
Pre flight planning
Practical navigation.
Technique.
Astro compass & Air swinging.
Log analysis
Astro theory
D.R. Compass
Bags of D.R.I.
Crew co operation.
Geography.
Position lines.
Time examples.
Log Keeping.
[page break]
[underlined] Day [/underlined] Flying Procedure
fly screen do bombing practice.
2 trips so without screens. full crew, + bombing 3 hrs
Dual cross country with screens.
Series of cross countries. 4 hrs & 5 hrs.
Test 1 hr
Cross country 5 hrs.
Fighter attacking 2 hrs.
Crew flying circuits.
[underlined] Night. [/underlined]
Cross country with screens.
2 4 hrs 15 hrs 26 hrs as crew
1 dual bombing at night 1 1/2 hrs
2 solos 3 hrs
1 trip with night fighters & searchlights.
[page break]
[underlined] Map Reading. [/underlined]
6 of Long are chosen the lat being 4 The scale is correct at 2 on either side of the central meridian
Position Errors for Wellington 3.
120 mph + 10
130 “ + 9
140 ” + 8
150 “ + 7
160 ” + 6
170 “ + 5
180 “ + 4
190 “ + 3
200 “ + 2
[calculation]
[page break]
[calculation]
[underlined] W/T ORGANISATION. [/underlined]
[diagram]
M/F STATIONS
LYDDA
HABBANIA
ELMAZA
M/F Range 200 – 300 miles
[page break]
[underlined] Radio Range. [/underlined] (U.S.A.).
not made clear.
Range of M/F 200 – 300 miles.
W/T Beacons.
Visual indicators, if needles turn to right then turn to port is executed. this is bearing not recip.
[underlined] Ditching. [/underlined]
W op transmitts [sic] between 1 hr to 10 past 30 mins to 40 mins.
[underlined] Priorities [/underlined]
SOS or Mayday, (distress)
O I have operational message of vital importance
OP Immediate & is to be used for (A) operation messages of less importance (B)
messages of extreme importance not amounting to immediate danger of crashing.
ie.
Lost with good deal of petrol, used to prefix QPM some mechanical mishap requiring return to base. Injury of one of the crew or severe illness.
P/
Important
[page break]
[underlined] H/F D/F. [/underlined] 0 – 100 miles.
Q.D.M. Q.D.L. [symbol] series of QDM’s.
MIDDLE EAST Distress frequency
Inter command H/F D/F
4575 Ks day
3105 “ night
[underlined] In distress. [/underlined] hand W op PSN Co HT Speed minutes of flying time left.
[underlined] H/F GUARD. [/underlined]
Broadcast every 1/2 hr w op must pick them up, diversion signals, met requests also time signals. All messages to base thru H/F guard
[page break]
[underlined] Local R/T procedure. [/underlined]
QASTINA ground control, Call word “Digest”
QASTINA satellite “Digest 2”
Bombing range “Digest Range”
“A” Flight “Drastic Red”
“B” ’’ “Drastic White”
“C” ‘’ “Drastic Blue”
“D” ‘’ “Drastic Green”
TT” ‘’ “Drastic grey”
[underlined] Ground Testing [/underlined]
A/c calls ground station
“Drastic Red D. Dog calling digest ground testing over”.
Answer:- “Drastic Red D. Dog loud and clear over.”
“Drastic Red D. Dog answering loud & clear also out.”
[underlined] Taxying Up. [/underlined]
“Drastic Red D. Dog caling Digest taxiing out over”
“Drastic Red D. Dog Roger out.”
[underlined] After each landing on Circuit & bumps. [/underlined]
‘Drastic Red D Dog calling digest landed & clear of runway over”
“Drastic Red D. Dog Roger out.”
[page break]
[underlined] After completing a detail. [/underlined]
“Drastic Red D Dog calling digest landed & clear of runway, detail completed (or not completed) over”
‘Drastic Red D Dog Roger out”
[underlined] Asking for Q.F.E. prior to landing. [/underlined]
M. “Drastic Red D Dog caliing Digest QFE over”
Answer. “Drastic Red D Dog Q.F.E. 1016 over.”
M. “Drastic Red D Dog QFE 1016 out.”
[underlined] R/T Procedure at Bombing Range. [/underlined]
M. “Drastic Red D Dog calling digest Range may I commence bombing over”
Answer “Drastic Red D Dog carry on for bombing over”
M. Drastic Red D Dog Wilco out.
after each bomb
Drastic Red D Dog calling Digest Range No 1 bomb gone over
Drastic Red D Dog Roger out.
[page break]
[underlined] R/T Call signs around QASTINA. [/underlined]
AQUIA. “DEVOUT”
LYDDA “BAGSHOT”
CAIRO WEST “STOCKYARD”
BEIRUT “ECHELON”
MALBBANIA. “CYCLOPS”
LGH3 “RAMPAGE”
ZERKA “LARRY”
[diagram]
[page break]
First Leg.
LOOP BASE for T.M.G. to 33
LOOP BEIRUT. Checks on G/S 33 to 34 20’
Cyprus. leg.
Loop at Paphos check on G/S. to 33 40’
Loop on BALTIM to check turning point.
3rd Leg.
Loop Baltim for homing.
4th Leg.
QDM. From GIANICLIS for check on G/S.
Loop on Cairo to check turning point.
5th Leg.
Loop from SHALLUFA for check on G/S. then later Loop Base & SHALLUFA for fix. Loop on Base for turning point, then homing on to BASE.
BASE CAIRO.
[underlined] Co 050 T [/underlined] TAS 150 KPH.
1220 loop BALTIM 270 + 050 = 320 – 180 = 140. 270 + 052 = 327
1230 Loop BASE 007 + 050 = 057 + 180 = 237
011 + 050 = 063 243
291/54 3035’N 3240’E
1220 052 QC + 5
30 41 N 32 18 1/2 E
311/15 (13).
T.Port needles right True bearings.
[page break]
[underlined] Astrograph. [/underlined]
Ensure that corrct band for time & latitude involved is used.
Select setting long & instal [sic] astrograph. Line up chart.
[underlined] Petrol System [/underlined]
[diagram]
[underlined] OVERLOADS [/underlined]
[page break]
[underlined] A/1134. [/underlined]
WOP CREW
[table]
TR1196 used instead of T.R.9.
Emergency codes with lights.
E/A sighted series of A’s
Turn to Port = dot’s; action to be taken on last dot:
Turn to STB = dashes “ “ “ “ “ “ dash.
at shooting down of E/A = XX or all clear.
If gunner catches packet = NNN –
R crash landing
P for ditching
L for baling out.
Length of trailing ariel [sic] 50ft.
[page break]
[calculations]
[page break]
[underlined] MK 14 Bomb Sight.
Services. [/underlined]
1/. Electricity. 12 or 24 volts to Servo motors
2/. Suction 4 1/2 inches of mercury to pitch and roll gyros
3/. Air pressure 5lbs [symbol] in for pneumatic servo’s
4/. Static vent for ASI & altimeter
5/. Pitot vent for ASI
6/. Course control D.R compass or manual.
[underlined] Settings for Bombing. [/underlined]
Before flight.
1/. Met wind speed.
2/. Met wind direction
3/. Bomb T. [deleted] W [/deleted] V
4/. Target height against MSL Press at Target.
5/. Levelling scales for all up wt at target.
[underlined] Approaching Target. [/underlined]
1/. Bomb sight air cock on.
2/. Computor switch on.
3/. Graticule on.
4/. Reset wind speed & direction check course dial reading.
[underlined] On Bombing Run. [/underlined]
If no D.R.C system in A/C course
[page break]
must be fed in to the computor by another crew member ie NAV. give usual instructions to pilot to bring target down drift line release bombs when graticule covers target.
[underlined] N.B. [/underlined] before releasing bomb permit collimator to return to neutral.
[underlined] after Bombing [/underlined]
1/. Graticule off
2/. Computor Off
3/. Air off
in this order only.
[page break]
[calculations]
[page break]
[calculations]
[page break]
[calculations]
[page break]
[calculations]
[page break]
[diagram]
[torn page]
[calculations]
[page break]
[table of bearings]
DRIFT & PSN LINE METHOD OF WIND FINDING
[diagram]
[page break]
A – B : Courses flown. At time of position line draw in Air posn A/C later to course approx at right angles to posn line. from Air posn at time of posn line draw in reverse of this last course (at RT Angles to posn line) for time flown at Air speed. from posn obtained draw in line to A. Posn at time of posn line, this will wind up to time of
[torn page]
[calculations]
[page break]
MARINE SEXTANT
[calculations]
[page break]
[calculations]
[page break]
[calculations]
[page break]
[circled 1]/ [underlined] PERPENDICULAR ERROR. [/underlined] MIRROR COCKEYED.
Not experienced
[circled 2]. [underlined] SIDE ERROR [/underlined]
Displacement of Prism & bubble chamber offset.
[circled 3]. [underlined] INDEX ERROR [/underlined]
ERRORS IN MECHANISM.
[circled 4] SHADE ERROR. [/underlined]
Dirty or bad shade causes refraction.
[circled 5] [underlined] WEAR & TEAR. [/underlined]
Old age.
[circled 6] PERSONAL ERROR. [/underlined]
Sight [underlined] REFRACTION [/underlined] TABLE “A” applies to us.
[underlined] DOME REFRACTION.
SEMI DIAMETER. [/underlined] Sun & Moon
[underlined] DIP.
PARALLAX IN ALTITUDE. [/underlined]
CORRECTIONS
HT. OBSERVED
[symbol] SEXTANT CORRN
- DIP
- REFRACTION
- DOME REFRACTION
[symbol]
S. DIAMETER
+ PIN A
[symbol]
Q CRN
= CALCULATED ALT
[diagram]
[page break]
WATCH READING 2158 06 10 secs fast = 2157 56
[calculations]
[page break]
[table of conversions]
Collection
Citation
Ted Neale, “Ted Neale's Navigation Exercise Book,” IBCC Digital Archive, accessed April 26, 2024, https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/collections/document/16382.
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