Laconia incident. Part 1
World War (1939-1945)
At night, the submarine U-156 launches a torpedo at the SS Laconia. A massive explosion causes large flames and black smoke to engulf the centre of the liner. Small flags are flying from the masts of the ship. A postcard with the caption “The New Cunarder “Laconia” – 20,000 tons” has been pasted onto the painting.
Label reads “64”; signed by the author; caption reads “(1) LA TRAGEDIA DEL LAKONIA [sic] 12 SETTEMBRE 1942. Il sommergibile “UI56” al comando di Warner Hartenstein [Werner Hartenstein] in navigazione notturna, alle oer [sic] 21 avvista il Laconia di 20.000 tonnellate in rotta dall’Africa agli Stati Uniti, carico di 1800 prigionieri italiani, più equipaggio e passeggeri. L’U156 lancia 2 siluri colpendo in pieno la nave, aprendo il piu terribile dei drammi del mare, di tutti i tempi. (in basso a destra, una rara cartolina del “Lakonia.)
Caption translates as: “(1) The Tragedy of the Laconia, 12th September 1942. The “U 156” submarine, led by Werner Hartenstein, was sailing at night. At 9 pm it caught sight of the Laconia, 20,000 gross register tonnage, en route from Africa to the United States. It was transporting 1,800 Italian prisoners, along with crew and passengers. The U156 shot two torpedoes, hitting the vessel, and starting one of the most terrible tragedies of the sea of all times. (bottom right-hand side, a rare postcard of the Laconia.)”
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One tempera on paper, pasted on mount board
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PFilliputtiA16010033
Submariners trapped at the bottom of the Baltic Sea. Part 1
World War (1939-1945)
A depth charge is exploding near a submarine while the bow of a Royal Navy warship is visible above the water. Three black and white photographs have been pasted onto the painting, depicting submariners in various poses. Some are looking up; one is counting on his fingers.
Label reads “77”; signed by the author; caption reads “GLI ULTIMI TRE SECONDI. Il marinaio che ha scattato queste fotografie sapeva che a lui ed hai suoi compagni restavano solo 3 secondi per vivere. Siamo nel Mar Baltico nel 1943, il sommergibile Tedesco è stato intrappolato, da un incrociatore inglese, sul sommergibile stanno ora scendendo inesorabili le bombe di profondita. Il sommergibile danneggiato non può muoversi, ed attende l’esplosione finale. Ma “.
Caption translates as: “The Last Three Seconds. The sailor who took these photographs knew that he and his comrades only had three more seconds to live. Baltic Sea, 1943. The German submarine was under the fire of a British cruiser. Depth charges were relentlessly descending on the submarine. The damaged boat could not move and waited for the final explosion. But”
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One tempera on paper, pasted on mount board
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PFilliputtiA16010040
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Submariners trapped at the bottom of the Baltic Sea. Part 2
World War (1939-1945)
Two black and white photographs show submariners looking upwards, their faces showing fear and alarm. A tempera depicting a British or American warship sailing right to left is partially visible in the top left corner.
Label reads “78”; signed by the author; caption reads “a bordo tutti i sommergibilisti rimangono calmi, uno possiede addirittura, abbastanza sangue freddo da riprendere con la sua macchina fotografica, gli ultimi attimi di vita. Quando il sommergibile affondato è stato ripescato, la pellicola è stata ritrovata intatta, le immagini impresse su di essa rappresentano una delle documentazioni piu drammatiche della Guerra subacquea.
Caption translates as: “on board, all the submariners remained calm. One of them remained so calm and collected that he recorded their last moments with his camera. When the sunken submarine was salvaged, the film was found intact. The images recorded on it are some of the most tragic documents of submarine warfare.”
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One tempera on paper, pasted on mount board
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PFilliputtiA16010041
Danzig bombed in daylight. R.A.F.'s great exploit. Attack on submarine yards.
World War (1939-1945)
Bombing, Aerial
Clipping from an unidentified Indian newspaper regarding a Royal Air Force attack on Danzig (Gdańsk).
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1942-07-12
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One newspaper cutting
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NBoldyDA151130-01
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Day raid on Danzig. U-boat yards bombed. 1,700 miles through storms
World War (1939-1945)
Bombing, Aerial
Newspaper cutting from The Times about a day bombing on Danzig and Flensburg.
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1942-07-13
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Two mounted newspaper cuttings
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NBoldyDA151130-03
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Submarine at sea and mountain views
Top left is an aerial inclined photograph of sea with a submarine heading left to right in the centre.
Top right is a similar aerial inclined photograph of a submarine at sea heading left to right. In the top right corner is part of the aircraft wing.
Bottom left is an aerial inclined photograph of a snow covered mountainous landscape with a valley running left to right through the middle.
Bottom right is an aerial inclined photograph showing a now covered mountainous landscape partially obscured by cloud. At the bottom is a coastline
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Four b/w photographs mounted on an album page
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PBanksP15010057
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Colin Cole's navigator's, air bomber's, air gunner's and flight engineer's flying log book
Navigator’s, air bomber’s, air gunner’s and flight engineer’s flying log book for Warrant Officer Colin Cole from 5 August 1943 to 23 September 1946. Detailing training schedule and operations flown. Served at RAF Yatesbury, RAF Mona, RAF Barrow in Furness, RAF Market Harborough, RAF Winthorpe, RAF Syerston, RAF Woodhall Spa, RAF Digri (Bengal) and RAF Scampton. Aircraft flown were Anson, Proctor, Dominie, Wellington, Stirling, Lancaster and Lincoln. He carried out a total of ten daylight and one night-time operations with 617 Squadron at RAF Woodhall Spa as a wireless operator on the following targets in Germany, Netherlands, Norway and Poland: Bergen, Dortmund-Ems Canal, Hamburg, Ijmuiden, Lützow, Oslo Fjord, Rotterdam, Tirpitz Tromsø, Urft Dam and Viesleble [sic] (actually Bielefeld) viaduct. <span>His pilots on operations were </span><span data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335559739":200,"335559740":276}">Flight Lieutenant Leavitt and Flight Lieutenant Price. </span>Annotations include bombing the Tirpitz and an attack by an enemy jet aircraft. Operation Exodus and Cook’s tour flights are included, as is a tour of India in 1946.
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One booklet
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LColeC1605385v1
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Peter Banks' uncle
The sinking of HMS Hostile
Left is a head and shoulders image of a man in Navy uniform looking right. His band read H M Submarines. Caption 'Jimmy, The brother'.
On the right a head and shoulders image of a man in Navy uniform looking half left . Hat band read HMS Rochester. Caption 'Henry'.
Underneath three newspaper cuttings reporting the sinking of H M Destroyer Hostile, some details concerning the ship and an obituary for Able-Seaman Henry G Cordy.
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Two b/w photographs and three newspaper cuttings mounted on an album page
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PBanksP15010120, PBanksP15010121
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Interview with Rupert Noye
Rupert Noye completed two tours of operations as a rear gunner with 166 and 156 Squadrons.
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2015-10-22
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00:12:40 audio recording
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ANoyeR151022
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Royal+Air+Force">Royal Air Force</a>
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Royal+Air+Force.+Bomber+Command">Royal Air Force. Bomber Command</a>
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Interview with Robert Woodhouse
Robert Woodhouse was living in Pembroke Dock when the bombing of the town began. The family relocated to Cardiff when they lost their home in the bombing. In Cardiff Robert joined the Air Training Corps. He had a cousin who had already joined the RAF as a boy entrant and he wanted to follow in his footsteps. He volunteered and began training as a wireless operator. He was posted to 207 Squadron at RAF Wigsley. A German aircraft infiltrated the bomber stream after an operation and was able to bomb the runway thus putting it out of action. The squadron moved to RAF Spilsby and continued operations. The crew had been told by the commanding officer that they had been recommended for Pathfinders but the navigator became ill and the move was cancelled. With his squadron John took part in Operation Dodge. Also on one operation that was aborted John recalled that when they were flying home they dropped their bombs on U-boats heading to their pens. Much later after the war he was on holiday with his family and became friendly with the German family in the next caravan. It transpired that the father had actually been the commander of one of the U-boats that they had attacked.
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Heather+Hughes">Heather Hughes</a>
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2015-10-01
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00:50:11 audio recording
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=44&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=eng">eng</a>
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AWoodhouseRM151001
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Interview with Laurie Woods
Flying Officer Laurie Woods DFC was born in Deloraine, Tasmania, in 1922. He grew up in Tasmania, and at the age of eighteen, despite being in a reserved occupation, he volunteered for Air Crew in the Royal Australian Air Force. Initially training in Victoria, then Somers, he achieved high scores in his maths exams and was put forward for Navigator or Observer. During training flights over Spencers Gulf in Anson aircraft, they were tasked with spotting Japanese submarines. He received his Observers wing and was promoted to Sergeant, then selected to go to England. He travelled from Victoria on an American cargo ship, via Sydney and Brisbane to Myles Standish, America, awaiting transportation to England. He eventually arrived at Brighton via Grenoch, just as Lord Haw Haw announced an operation on Brighton. He was then posted to West Freugh flying Ansons, then to operational training units flying Wellingtons. His crew were allocated the Lancaster K2 in 460 Squadron. The operations included, leaflet drops over Paris, Mailly le Camp, railway and oil installations in the Ruhr Valley, Gelsenkirchen, West Brunswick, and his last operation Wanne-Eickel. On his last operation he took over from the pilot who had been injured and flew the aircraft home. The pilot recovered sufficiently to land the aircraft and Laurie was subsequently awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross. He also talks about being afraid going on operations, and how, many years later he suffered a breakdown because of his experiences. Laurie is President of Queensland 460 Squadron Association and has written a number of books about his experiences. In Australia he has been awarded the Order of Australia.
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Mick+Jeffery">Mick Jeffery</a>
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2015-05-01
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01:06:17 audio recording
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AWoodsL150428
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Royal+Air+Force">Royal Air Force</a>
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Royal+Air+Force.+Bomber+Command">Royal Air Force. Bomber Command</a>
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Tom Sayer's Royal Canadian Air Force pilot's flying log book. Book one
Royal Canadian Air Force pilot's flying log book for Sergeant Tom Sayer from 28 July 1941 to 17 December 1944. Detailing training and operations flown with Coastal Command and Bomber Command. After training in the United States and Canada he served at RAF Linton on Ouse, RAF Marston Moor, RAF Pocklington. Aircraft flown were Stearman, Vultee, Harvard, Oxford, Blenheim, Whitley, Halifax, Anson, Horsa and Stirling. He carried out a total of 35 complete operations as a pilot, eight antisubmarine patrols with 10 OTU from RAF St Eval, one with 76 Squadron from RAF Marston Moor and 25 with 102 Squadron from RAF Pocklington on the following targets in France, Germany and Italy: Aachen, Berlin, Bochum, Dusseldorf, Essen, Frankfurt, Hamburg, Hannover, Krefeld, Le Creusot, Leverkusen, Mannheim, Milan, Montbeliard, Munich, Nuremberg, Peenemunde and Wuppertal. His first or second pilots on operations were Sergeant Carrie, Sergeant Hewlett, Sergeant Lewis, Pilot Officer Mann, Sergeant Green, Flying Officer Phillips, Sergeant Davis, Sergeant Henderson, Sergeant Thorpe, Sergeant Miller, Flight Sergeant Cummings and Flying Officer Kay. He then became an instructor and glider tug pilot. The log book is well annotated and contains printed training material. He completed one additional special operation 18 July 1944 with 620 Squadron from RAF Fairford ‘(SAS. 3 chutists, 24 containers 4 paniers [sic])’ and 1 September 1944 from RAF Ringway ‘parachute jump 600’ singly into lake.’
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one booklet
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LSayerT591744v1
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Royal+Air+Force">Royal Air Force</a>
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Royal+Air+Force.+Bomber+Command">Royal Air Force. Bomber Command</a>
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Royal+Air+Force.+Coastal+Command">Royal Air Force. Coastal Command</a>
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Royal+Air+Force.+Transport+Command">Royal Air Force. Transport Command</a>
Interview with Tom Sayer
Tom Sayer was accepted in to the Royal Air Force as an apprentice and began training as a pilot as soon as he was old enough. He trained in the United States and on his return he was detached to Coastal Command. He completed eight operations patrolling for submarines before being posted to 102 Squadron at RAF Pocklington where he completed his tour. His aircraft was badly damaged on one operation but he continued to the target and managed to get the aircraft back.
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2015-12-07
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This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
02:30:30 audio recording
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ASayerT151202
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Royal+Air+Force">Royal Air Force</a>
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Royal+Air+Force.+Bomber+Command">Royal Air Force. Bomber Command</a>
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Royal+Air+Force.+Coastal+Command">Royal Air Force. Coastal Command</a>
Oliver Gomersal history
Life history of Oliver Gomersal. Includes training in South Africa as observer/navigator, training on Wellington and operations with Coastal Command, journey to East Africa with antisubmarine and search operations in the Indian Ocean. On return to United Kingdom was posted to Transport Command. Concludes with postwar career.
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2015-08
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Four page typewritten document
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BGomersalOGomersalOv1
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Royal+Air+Force">Royal Air Force</a>
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Royal+Air+Force.+Coastal+Command">Royal Air Force. Coastal Command</a>
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Royal+Air+Force.+Transport+Command">Royal Air Force. Transport Command</a>
Oliver Gomersal's observer's and air gunner's flying log book
Observer's and air gunner's flying log book for Flight Lieutenant Oliver Gomersal from 17 September 1943 to 7 November 1944. He trained as a navigator in Great Britain and in South Africa and was stationed in East Africa and Yemen with 621 Squadron. He carried out 54 operational sorties tasked with convoy escort, patrols and shipping lane sweeps. His pilot on operations was Flying Officer Mitchell. On 2 May 1944 his aircraft attacked and crippled a German submarine near Socotra in the Arabian Sea. Aircraft flown were Anson, Oxford and Wellington.
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One booklet
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LGomersalO139719v1
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Narrative of attack by Wellington E/621 on 2nd May 1944
Appendix E/2 to Form 540 No. 621 Squadron, May 1944
Re U582
Account starts with crew names including Flight Sergeant Oliver Gomersal as navigator. Continues with front gunner seeing a wake which after following spotted a submarine. Detailed account of attack with depth charges and front gun and subsequent actions. Submarine surfaces and engages Wellington with anti-aircraft and main gun. Submarine trailing oil and attacked by another Wellington. Oliver Gomersal's crew return to base very short of fuel. Captioned 'Re U852'.
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1944-05-02
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Two page typewritten document
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=44&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=eng">eng</a>
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MGomersalO139719-160530-02
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German submarine U852
Service history of U852 depth-charged by Royal Air Force aircraft of 8 and 621 Squadron, driven ashore and scuttled south east of Socotra. History of Heinz-Wilhelm Ech, the captain, and records vessels sunk by the submarine.
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One-page typewritten document
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MGomersalO139719-160530-04
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Royal+Air+Force">Royal Air Force</a>
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Capture of U852
First article attributed to Manchester Guardian, 18 October 1945, covers trial of five members of crew of U852 who were involved in firing on the survivors of a Greek ship Peleus. The second (non attributed) states that three officers were sentenced to death for firing on survivors of Greek ship Peleus. The third article details award Distinguished Flying Cross to the pilot and Distinguished Flying Medal to the front gunner of Oliver Gomersal's Wellington for the attack on the submarine. Annotated 'Daily Express, June 19, 1944. My pilot Roy Mitchell sadly did not survive as he died in an air crash in Dec 1945'.
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1945-10-18
1944-06-19
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Photocopy of three newspaper cuttings mounted on an album page
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NGomersalO160530-01
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interview with Oliver Gomersal
Oliver Gomersal was navigator with 621 Squadron stationed in East Africa and Aden. On 2 May 1944 his Wellington successfully attacked a German submarine, U852.
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2016-05-30
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01:35:43 audio recording
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AGomersalO160530
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Freiwillige vor für die U-boot-waffe!
Propaganda leaflet aimed at German-speaking population.
This document mimics recruitment material seeking volunteers for the U-Boat service. It is in interactive form and shows a seaman dropping into a watery grave. It quotes the average life expectancy of U-Boat crew as 62 days.
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Printed card pull through
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SCavalierRG1264567v10012
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Bordeaux
Target photograph of Bordeaux showing both banks of the River Garonne with submarine pens in docks. Northern districts are visible. Target area clear with no clouds. No bomb bursts seen. Captioned ‘3° F’, ‘5B’, ‘1918 SKELL. 11.8.44 // 8” 17000 [arrow right] 005° 1632 BORDEAUX RD. C. 6x2000. 034secs. F/O. SLYWCHUK. C.50.’ On the reverse ‘[underlined] BORDEAUX. 11-8-44. F/O SLYWCHUK. [/underlined]’, ‘1700 yds, 125°’.
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1944-08-11
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One b/w photograph
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PHouriganM18030051, PHouriganM18030052
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Bordeaux
Target photograph of Bordeaux. Both banks of river Garonne with basins, docks submarine pens, and moored ships clearly visible. Industrial area with roads and railways visible. Captioned '3°F', '5B', '1918 SKELL.11.8.44//8" 17000 [arrow] 005° 1632 BORDEAUX RD.C. 6X2000. C34secs. F/O SLYWCHUK. C.50.'. On the reverse '[underlined]BORDEAUX 11-8-444. F/O SLYWCHUK.[/underlined]', '1700yds 125°'.
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1944-08-11
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One b/w photograph
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PHourigan18030051, PHourigan18030052
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Bordeaux
Target photograph of Bordeaux. River Garonne running across bottom of photograph. Basins, docks, submarine pens, and industrial buildings clearly visible. Captioned '3°F', '5B', '1951 SKELL.11.8.44//8" 18000 [arrow] 010° 1635 BORDEAUX RD.D. 6X2000. C34secs. F/O WARRINGTON. D.50.'. On the reverse '[underlined] BORDEAUX 11-8-44 F/O WARRINGTON. [/underlined]'. '880yds 010°'.
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1944-08-11
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One b/w photograph
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PHouriganM18030146, PHouriganM18030147
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Hedge-hop men honoured and VC for the leader
Details about the operation on the MAN u-boat engine factory in Augsburg and the decorations awarded to the crew members.
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1942-04-28
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One newspaper cutting
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PDorricottLW15090102
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Augsburg bombing
A letter from No 10 Downing Street to air officer commanding-in-chief, Bomber Command, complimenting the RAF on their success in bombing Augsburg.
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1942-04-18
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One typewritten letter
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PDorricottLW15090103
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