Interview with Ken Johnson. One
Kenneth Alfred Johnson joined the Royal Air Force at the age of 19, after being in a reserved occupation making barrage balloon cables. He trained as an air gunner, serving as a mid-upper gunner.
He had a spell at the Operational Training Unit, flying Short Stirlings and Avro Lancasters before joining 61 Squadron at Skellingthorpe.
He tells of an incident on his 10th operation, when he was on a daylight trip near Versailles at the V1 bomb installations when his aircraft was directly below a Lancaster which opened it’s bomb doors. The Lancaster above dropped its bombs, which damaged Kenneth’s aircraft, including carrying away the rear gunner.
Kenneth completed 34 operations on his first tour, and then went straight onto another tour, being posted to 9 Squadron at Bardney.
After VE Day, Kenneth was posted to Egypt in charge of lorries returning from Cairo.
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2015-06-03
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Vivienne+Tincombe">Vivienne Tincombe</a>
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00:25:22 audio recording
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AJohnsonK150603
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Interview with Ken Johnson. Two
Ken Johnson was born in Doncaster. At the start of the war the family was living in Sheffield but his father decided they should move back to Doncaster to avoid bombing. Ken started work as a joiner and later made cables for barrage balloons. Despite being in a reserved occupation, he volunteered to join the RAF and trained in Scotland as an air gunner. He describes gunnery practice against towed targets and corkscrewing the aircraft. He formed a crew in the Operational Training Unit at RAF Bruntingthorpe. He talks about his pilot, Flight Sergeant Harold “Harry” Watkins, who fought in the Finnish Army against the Russians at the start of the war. Ken joined 61 Squadron at RAF Skellingthorpe flying Lancasters. His first operation was just after D-Day to bomb German armour but as they were too close to allied troops, it was aborted. Ken’s most traumatic experience was during an operation in July 1944, when an aircraft above his dropped its bombs and three bombs hit the aircraft including the rear turret, carrying it away with the rear gunner. On another occasion, anti-aircraft shrapnel missed Ken’s head by two inches. After completing a tour of thirty operations, most of Ken’s crew volunteered for a second tour. Transferred to 9 Squadron, many of his fifteen operations involved dropping the 12,000 lb Tallboy bomb. Ken describes the differences between the rear and mid-upper turrets including their armament. After the war, he served as an RAF driver in Egypt before being demobilised and returning to civilian life. He volunteered with the Royal Observer Corps for a couple of years.
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2017-04-03
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01:39:45 audio recording
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AJohnsonKA170403
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Interview with Alma Leedham
Alma Leedham grew up in London and worked for Hawker aircraft on the Hurricane at the start of the war . She later trained as a driver in the Women's Auxiliary Air Force. She served at RAF Scampton driving tractors taking bombs to the aircraft. Mentions various episodes of her service life: a flash accidentally blowing up a fully bombed Lancaster and setting fire to other nearby aircraft; delivering post from Scampton to Waddington; meeting her husband, a flight sergeant; her tractor being targeted by a German fighter plane. Describes the relationships between the WAAFs and the ground and aircrews at the base. Remembers the night the Dam Busters went on their operation. Tells of her family life after the war.
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Heather+Hughes">Heather Hughes</a>
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2016-05-14
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Peter+Schulze">Peter Schulze</a>
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01:24:34 audio recording
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ALeedhamA160514
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Royal+Air+Force">Royal Air Force</a>
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Royal+Air+Force.+Bomber+Command">Royal Air Force. Bomber Command</a>
Interview with Vera Willis
Vera Willis nee Tomlinson volunteered for the Women's Auxiliary Air Force because she wanted to be a driver. Her driving career in the RAF involved driving long distances as well as driving aircrew to dispersal. Some crew gave her letters for safekeeping or to post.
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Heather+Hughes">Heather Hughes</a>
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2015-08-28
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00:44:14 audio recording
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AWillisV150828
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Royal+Air+Force">Royal Air Force</a>
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Interview with John Philip Lambourn
Flight Engineer John Lambourn joined the Royal Air Force at the age of 17, after working at Stewart Turners with engines and pumps. He recollects seen London burning.
He was classed as working in a reserved occupation, but joined the Air Training Corp whilst waiting to sign up for the Royal Air Force.
John was taken on as groundcrew but successfully trained to become a flight engineer at RAF St Athan. He believes he was one of the youngest.
He trained on Stirlings and then went to Heavy Conversion Unit at RAF Chedburgh where he crewed up with Ronald ‘Eddie’ Edmondson, with whom he maintained a friendship after the war. John talks about his crew and the training they did.
Although John wanted to fly Short Sunderlands, he was not tall enough to reach the leavers, so he was assigned to Short Stirlings and flew them with 514 Squadron. John compares the Stirling and the Lancaster, and also describes a bullseye exercise to the French coast. From RAF Chedburgh he went to the Lancaster Finishing School at RAF Feltwell.
John completed a full tour of 30 operations, including trips to Kiel, the Falaise Gap, Rüsselsheim and Stettin, Duisburg. John explains the accuracy of the Gee-H navigation system. He goes on to describe some incidents including instances of a scarecrow, a fictional shell simulating an exploding four-engine bomber.
John carried out 30 operations. He then returned for a short period to RAF St Athan, followed by RAF Peterborough and its satellite RAF Sutton Bridge before the Motor Transport section at RAF Kirton Lindsey. He left the RAF in May 1947 and eventually set up his own garage. John eventually retired at the age of 65.
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2017-01-12
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03:01:03 audio recording
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ALambournJP170112
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Royal+Air+Force">Royal Air Force</a>
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Interview with Stuart Stephenson MBE
Stuart was five when war broke out and recounts some of his early memories.
In the early 1970s the Lancaster PA474 was flown to RAF Waddington from RAF Henlow ostensibly to be a gate guardian. In 1973 the Lincolnshire Echo announced that it was to be moved to RAF Coltishall. A group gradually formed to oppose the move because of the Lancaster’s connections to Waddington; the Lincolnshire Lancaster Committee. A public meeting was held and the City Council agreed to adopt the Lancaster. The Lancaster moved to RAF Coltishall. The committee collected over 17,000 signatures in 15 weeks and eventually the Lancaster returned to RAF Coningsby.
The committee became Lincolnshire’s Lancaster Association so funds could be raised. While Stuart was Chair for c. 36 years, £½ million was donated to projects, including the digitisation of manuals.
Stuart describes how unfairly he felt Bomber Command and Sir Arthur Harris were treated.
Stuart lists a large number of people he has met, received letters or signatures from.
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Dan+Ellin">Dan Ellin</a>
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2016-03-15
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02:16:01 audio recording
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AStephensonS160315
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Interview with Lesley Joseph Loosemoore
Les Loosemore describes his upbringing and employment history in Swansea before joining the war in 1945. He describes the Blitz in Swansea before training to be a mid upper gunner for 61 Squadron. He describes his rather intensive training, including his time at the Lancaster Finishing School, the crewing up process, the importance of maintaining equipment and the various aircraft he flew, including Ansons, Wellingtons and Lancasters. He articulates the atmosphere onboard an aircraft during an operation, recalling the silence as everyone concentrated on their own duties and the fear he felt on his first few operations. He recalls watching the aircraft next to him dropping a Tallboy (or Grand Slam) bomb, before likening the noise of a operation to that of heavy thunder. He flew operations for three months before the war ended, at which point the mid upper gunners were no longer needed. He retrained as a driver although missed saying goodbye to his crew.
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2015-11-16
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01:41:32 audio recording
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ALoosemoreLJ151116
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Royal+Air+Force">Royal Air Force</a>
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Interview with Peter Miller
Peter was called up in November 1943 and after basic training was sent to RAF Halton to be trained as a flight mechanic. Whilst there he had several dangerous incidents during small arms training.
Initially posted to 527 Squadron, which was Canadian, at RAF Digby and then to 695 squadron at RAF Bircham Newton working on drogue towing aircraft.
Posted overseas, he arrived at RAF Chakeri near Kampur where he worked on servicing B-24 and C-47 aircraft for South East Asia Command. He recalls that as an airframe mechanic he had to sign the Form 700 certifying that all the other trades had carried out their servicing correctly.
The local town was largely off-limits and only certain parts were allowed to be visited. The weather was very hot and in the summer hill parties were sent to the hills to escape the heat. Peter spent his 21st birthday at Darjeeling. When hostilities ceased the spent its time dismantling and scrapping B-24s aircraft. Whilst India was partitioned, Peter's demobilisation was postponed in case of tensions between India and Pakistan.
After two and a half years he was sent home via Liverpool, where he saw his first jet, and was demobilised in July 1947.
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2015-06-01
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01:02:55 audio recording
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AMillerP150601
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Interview with Reg Spencer
Wembley born, but educated in Essex, Reg Spencer left school in 1939. In 1943, on his 18th birthday, he was called up for National Service. Following initial training at RAF Bridlington he was trained as a wireless operator at No. 2 Radio School at Yatesbury, before being operationally trained on Anson aircraft at Llandwrog in North Wales. Reg reflects on how, following his operational training, there was no formal aircraft crew selection, rather all new aircrew - gunners, pilots, engineers etc – congregated in a hangar and “you sorted yourselves out” into crews. Crew training on Wellingtons at Desborough preceded a posting to the Heavy Conversion Unit flying Lancasters at Woolfox Lodge and then in 1945 onto operational duties with 514 Sqn at Waterbeach.
Operational duties included up to 14 bombing operations over Germany, three trips on Operation Mana and a number of flights bringing prisoners of war back from France and Italy. Reg also describes the typical duties of aircrew wireless operator -staying in contact with base operations and keeping the crew informed of any operational changes. When the war ended Reg re-mustered to work in Motor Transport and was posted to the MOD Maintenance Unit at White City and then on to the Maintenance Unit at Bicester. He finished his National Service at Kirkham near Blackpool. Reg married in 1945. At the time of the interview they were approaching their 70th wedding anniversary.
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2015-07-20
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00:27:50 audio recording
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ASpencerR150720
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Robert Anderson's memoir
Robert Anderson describes his training in Tasmania and Canada, and his tour of operations to targets in France and Germany with 106 Squadron.
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58 photocopied sheets
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BAndersonRJAndersonRJv1
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Aircrew and Lancaster
Seven airmen standing in front of a Lancaster. In the background a lorry and engine trestles.
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one b/w photograph
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PBallF1503
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Letter from Harold Gorton to his wife
He writes of his night flying duties and a taxiing accident.
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1943-10-29
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Four handwritten sheets
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EGortonHGortonLCM431029
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Waddington
Kenneth Pope and two crew members with a motor vehicle in back ground. Captioned 'Bill Ken Mal'.
An air gunner standing in front of a small tree with a building behind. Captioned 'Mal R. Gun'. Both are captioned 'Waddington Just before a cross country'.
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Two b/w photographs on an album page
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PPopeKMJ18010028
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Lancaster and bombs
Three photographs, one captioned 'Bill Maurer W.O.P.' shows him in flying kit, sitting on one of a row of bombs. The second captioned 'Y for Yoke', shows the Lancaster on its dispersal, bomb doors open, group of figures under starboard wing. Third captioned '4,000lb bomb', shows bomb on its trolley beneath Lancaster bomb bay with two ground personnel.
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Three b/w photographs on an album page
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PPopeKMJ18010041
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Lancaster PO-Y and bombs
Three photographs, one shows a loaded bomb trolley with two ground personnel with four dispersed Lancasters in background. Second shows Lancaster PO-Y on it's dispersal, row of bombs on grass, two dispersed Lancasters in background. Third is a target photograph with the identifying information removed.
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Three b/w photographs on an album page
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PPopeKMJ18010045
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Lancaster PO-Y and runway caravan
Two photographs, one showing starboard side of Lancaster PO-Y, on it's dispersal undergoing servicing. The second showing three aircrew, in uniform smoking with runway caravan and another vehicle in the background.
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Two b/w photographs on an album page
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PPopeKMJ18010048
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Interview with Audrey Hazel Baker
Audrey Baker had been married to Gordon, her Bomber Command pilot husband for two years when he was killed in action. Gordon had been serving with 50 Squadron. She immediately joined the WAAF as a driver and was posted to Balloon Command. She drove for her Commanding Officer and also an ambulance during her service. She became commissioned and as an adjutant she was shocked when during wartime she had to discipline a WAAF for being seen on the Underground without her hat.
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2018-05-09
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00:35:07 audio recording
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ABakerAH180509, PBakerAH1801
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RAF Aqir
Top left - a group of 13 airmen in tropical uniform on the front of a small fabric covered lorry. There is a Nissen hut in the background. Captioned, ’32 Sqdn Boy’s Aqir’.
Top right - three men in tropical uniform. Two have rifles (with their stocks grounded), the third has a Sten gun which he is holding at waist height. They are standing in front of the corner of a plastered building. Captioned ‘George Jim & Arthur Aqir 1946’.
Centre - four airmen in tropical uniform. One is sitting in a Spitfire cockpit with the canopy and hatch open, the second is sitting on the trailing edge of the wing and the last two are stood immediately behind the wing, next to the fuselage. In the background are a further four Spitfires and some buildings. All of the spitfires have the squadron letters GZ. Captioned ‘The Armoury Boy’s’.
Bottom left - a group of Spitfires arranged around an area of hard standing. A hangar, some single storey buildings and low hills are all visible in the background. Captioned ’32 Sqdn Dispersal Aqir’.
Bottom right - ten men in two rows, all in swimming costumes, some with towels around their necks. Behind them is a swimming pool with other people visible to the left. captioned ‘Station Swimming Pool Aqir’.
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1946
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Five b/w photographs mounted on an album page
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PCoultonWA16010006
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RAF Ramat David
Top left - a group of six airmen in tropical uniform on the front of a small lorry. There is a white Nissen hut in the background. Captioned ‘Arthur, Len, Gilly, Ken, Bob & Vic Ramat David 1946’. Top right - section of a wooden propeller with inscription ‘I[..] MS-Fred-Ken, Vic …GZ.A +32+Sqdn, Ed. + Ramat David, Bob + Art, Den, Crashed + 29/6/44, Ken, on take off’. Captioned ‘Our Emblem’. Centre - group of thirteen men, one row sitting the other standing. The men are in a mixture of uniform and cricketing whites. Captioned ’32 sqdn cricket team Ramat David 1946’. Bottom left - in the distance a group of white buildings. In the foreground is overgrown grass, amongst the buildings is a large antenna and behind low hills. Captioned ‘North Camp Ramat David’. Bottom right - air-to-air view of four Spitfires arranged in line. Codes are M-GZ, A-GZ, Y-GZ, R-GZ. They are flying over barren hills.
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1946
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Five b/w photographs mounted on an album page
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PCoultonWA16010008
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RAF Ramat David
Top left - five lorries and some buildings. The foreground has a road and rough grass. Captioned ’32 sqdn MT Ramat David’. Top right - in the foreground a white building with aircraft and other buildings behind. Captioned ‘A. &. B. Flight’. Centre - the back of a lorry with steps. The inside of the lorry is an office with a man sitting on a chair by a desk. Captioned ’32, Sqdn. M.T. Office’. Bottom left - several very indistinct aircraft and buildings in the distance. In the foreground is rough scrub. Captioned ’32 Sqdn Dispersal’. Bottom right - in the foreground some debris, on the right side a fence area with small trees. Centre there is a track leading to the right in the background some trees. Captioned ‘Enterance (sic) to Ramat David. Jewish Settlement’.
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1946
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Five b/w photographs mounted on an album page
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=44&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=eng">eng</a>
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PCoultonWA16010010
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Four airmen in front of an ambulance
Four airmen leaning against the back of an ambulance. All dressed in desert uniform, two in shorts, one with no top. One smoking. On the reverse caption ‘Vic “Pat” Jock. Ramat David’.
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This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
One b/w photograph mounted on an album page
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PCoultonWA16010021, PCoultonWA16010022
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Cairo and Egypt
Top left - three pyramids with the largest on the right. Captioned 'Pyramids of Giza'. Top right - in the centre the Sphinx with two pyramids behind. Captioned 'The Sphinx of Giza with the pyramids of Cheops & Kephern [sic]'. Centre - street scene with several figures in Arab dress in foreground. In the background a street with multistory buildings either side. Captioned 'Street Scene'. Bottom left - a group of airmen mostly standing with three kneeling in front. In the background Nissen huts. Captioned 'The boys of hut 28, Ein Shemer'. Bottom right - nine airmen in desert uniform sitting on a vehicle. Captioned ‘ “Pat”, “Les”, “Ticker”, Bob, Arthur, Fred, Gilly & Jock’.
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PCoultonWA16010024
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Ramat David
Top left - three buildings in the middle distance with scrub in foreground. Captioned 'A & B Flight'. Top right - a number of buildings in the middle distance with hills in the background. Captioned '32 Squadron Dispersal'. Middle left - in the foreground a car, in the background two lorries. Captioned '32 Sqdn C.O's Car'. Middle centre - six airmen wearing shirt and shorts in front of a lorry. Captioned 'Jock, Harry, Len, Geordie, Jock, Sgt., part of the happy M.T.'. Middle right an airman wearing shirt and shorts standing in front of a lorry. Captioned 'Arthur'. Bottom left - two lorries one in front on the other. Front lorry has an airman in the driving seat and an airman standing at the front. Captioned 'Fred & Vic'. Bottom right - a lorry, two fuel bowsers and a car. An airman is standing in the back of the lorry. Behind is a wall and some workshop equipment. Captioned ’32 Sqdn MT section’
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1946
This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
Seven photographs mounted on an album page
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PCoultonWA16010025
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Hadera, Ramat David and Trans Jordan
Top left - 11 men in swimming gear. They are up to their knees in water. Behind are rocks. Captioned ‘Amongst the rocks Hadera’. Top centre - five airmen in desert uniform with long trousers. In the background a building and vehicles. Captioned 'Les, Fred, Bob, Gilly & Ken, Ramat David'. Top right - ten men in swimming costumes draped over rocks. Captioned ‘”On the Rocks” Hadera’. Bottom left - six airmen, two are in the back of a lorry, four are standing in desert uniform, in shorts, two are holding drinks. Captioned ‘After the Swim’. Bottom centre - three airmen standing in desert uniform. On the right, one man is in shorts with a holstered gun. Behind is a building and a lorry. Captioned ‘Len, Gilly and Bert Trans Jordan’. Bottom right - five airmen in desert uniform. Two are inside a lorry and three, in shorts, are standing at its rear. The three are holding drinks. Captioned ‘Outside the Dolphin Club, Hadera’.
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This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
Six b/w photographs mounted on an album page
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PCoultonWA16010026
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Royal+Air+Force">Royal Air Force</a>
Ein Shemer 1946
Top left - an airman wearing desert uniform with shorts sitting on a motorbike, in the background Nissen huts. Captioned 'On the bike at Ein Shemer'. Top centre - five airmen sitting in a jeep with goal posts in the background. Captioned 'Fred, Spike, Geordie, Bert, Jock'. Top right - side view of an airman in shorts sitting on a motorbike. In the background left, two figures and right, Nissen huts. Captioned 'Unprepared'. Bottom left - twelve men in sports gear, five standing and seven sitting. Captioned '32 Sqdn football team, Ein-Shemer'. Bottom centre - in the distance many rows of white Nissen huts. Captioned 'Domestic Site Ein-Shemer'. Bottom right - twelve men in sports gear four standing and eight sitting. Captioned '32 Sqdn football team, Ein-Shemer'.
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1946
This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
Six b/w photographs mounted on an album page
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=51&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Photograph">Photograph</a>
PCoultonWA16010028
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