Interview with Len McNamara
Len McNamara was born in Bristol in 1924. An apprentice plumber, he joined the Air Training Corps and volunteered for aircrew. Discusses his initial training at various stations, the gunnery course he passed with merit and honours, an escape and evasion course he attended, and crewing up with Pete Catterswife, a Kenyan. He flew Whitleys and then then converting to Halifaxes. Len was posted to 10 Squadron at RAF Melbourne. He discusses mine laying and bombing operations, aircraft damage, social and service life at RAF Lisset, military ethos and the award of the Distinguished Flying Cross. After sinus problems, he was a reserve gunner going on operations with various aircrews. Len was posted to RAf Langar as an instructor, but volunteered as second tour gunners and was posted to RAF Woolfox Lodge to crew up with a New Zealand pilot on Lancasters. Discusses engine problems, Kenyan, Canadian Australian, New Zealand and English pilots, talks about Operation Manna and discusses 75 New Zealand Squadron. At the end of the war he finished up at RAF Ringway as parachute instructor.
Len was then posted to various locations abroad, did a code and cipher course and was demobilised. He went back to his plumbing apprenticeship, got married, settled in Bath but wanted to get back to service life. He started back as an airman and went into the air traffic control branch serving at different stations in Great Britain and Germany until he retired in 1971. Len was into post war meetings and memorial visits.
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Annie+Moody">Annie Moody</a>
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2015-07-22
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00:40:20 audio recording
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=44&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=eng">eng</a>
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AMcNamara150722
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Interview with Iain Urquhart Robertson
Iain was a National Service air gunner in the 1950s and served with 214 Squadron at RAF Upwood in Huntingdonshire after being called up at the age of 18. Upon completion of training, he flew on Wellingtons and fighter affiliation with Spitfires. He was then posted to RAF Scampton for conversation onto Lincolns. After completing about 40 hours, he was posted to 214 Squadron.
He tells of his time doing NATO exercises, including laying mines in the Firth of Forth. Iain also talks about how his crew was all non commissioned officers, one of only two on the base; and of playing for the Squadron football team. He also talks about his escape and evasion exercises during the Cold War, and how he had to get back to base in three or four days. Iain speaks of his pride in serving in the Royal Air Force, and the time he ended his National Service in 1953.
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2015-08-24
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00:18:52 audio recording
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ARobertsonIU150824, PRobertsonIUA1501
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Royal+Air+Force">Royal Air Force</a>
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Interview with Ron Wade
Ron was born in Stoke-on-Trent. He left school at fourteen and tells of his experiences working in a pottery factory doing odd jobs until he was called up. He joined the Royal Air Force in 1939 at the age of twenty-two. Ron trained as an air gunner at RAF Morecambe after initially wanting to be selected for pilot training. He completed his air gunner training in South Wales at the end of the Battle of Britain - he tells of being strafed by a Junkers 88 and the damage that was inflicted to the Nissen huts. Ron flew the Whitley, which he did not enjoy. He then went to an Operational Training Unit at RAF Abingdon before moving to 58 Squadron based at RAF Linton on Ouse. Ron tells of being forced to bale out in 1941 after his Whitley was attacked by two German fighters over the the Netherlands. He did not remember that much since ammunition was exploding and a bullet hit him in the back of the head, leaving him with memory, taste and smell impairment. Ron also tells of his first interrogation by a German officer and how his humour nearly causing trouble at the at Cologne railway station. He was transferred to Stalag Luft I and then to Stalag Luft III. Ron tried a few times to escape but was discovered every time - he also details the death of his close friend during one attempt. Ron was eventually transferred to Stalag Luft VI (Heydekrug, Lithuania) which was his last camp before the end of the war. However, with the end looming, Ron was then forced to go on the long march. He then tells of some of his memories of the event, including being strafed by British fighters. Ron was freed when the British Army 10th Hussars caught up with the group near Lubeck, and he tells the story of his homecoming in May 1945.
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2015-07-26
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01:44:54 audio recording
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AWadeR150726, PWadeR1503
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Royal+Air+Force">Royal Air Force</a>
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Interview with Andrew Carswell
Andrew Carswell volunteered for the Royal Canadian Air Force in his native Toronto. He trained as a pilot and on arrival in the UK and completion of his further training he was posted to 9 Squadron. His first operation was to Berlin. On their final operation they were attacked by a night fighter and in the subsequent departure from the aircraft one member of the crew broke his leg, one crew member’s parachute didn’t open and another had resisted all prompts to leave the aircraft. Andy was taken as a Prisoner of War and was sent to Stalag 8B which he escaped from twice before being recaptured.
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2017-06-14
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00:44:31 audio recording
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ACarswellA170614, PCarswellA1702
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Royal+Air+Force">Royal Air Force</a>
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Royal+Air+Force.+Bomber+Command">Royal Air Force. Bomber Command</a>
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Escape compass
Small compass with needle and cardinal headings. Note 'Compass from RAF Escape/Survival kit'.
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Compass and note
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SDexterKI127249v10025
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List of phrases
List of phrases translated into German, French, Dutch and Spanish to help with evasion.
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One printed card
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PPopeKMJ18010016-0001, PPopeKMJ18010016-0002
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Escape compass
Brass escape compass with crazed glass
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One escape compass
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PStorerB1620
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Jack Warner escape pack photographs
Three full face portraits, left side, head on and right side. All submitted with caption; “Three of him from his "escape pack" for use if he needed documents forging, should he be shot down”. Additional information about this item was kindly provided by the donor.
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Three b/w photographs
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PWarnerJ1602, PWarnerJ1603, PWarnerJ1604
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Advice to the relative of a man who is missing
Official pamphlet stating action that service departments carry out to try and trace personnel reported missing. As soon as any reliable news was obtained it would be passed to relatives.
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Robin+Christian">Robin Christian</a>
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Two page photocopied printed pamphlet
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MFullerFT1804809-151001-16
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Popular misconceptions prisoners of war Le Kef
Pencil sketch of four men playing cards round a table and explanatory note explaining 'sketch by Blenheim wireless operator Sgt E (Ted) Hart (who escaped from Le Kef with Douglas'.
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One hand-drawn sketch and one handwritten note
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MHartE[Ser#-DoB]-151029-010003, MHartE[Ser#-DoB]-151029-010001
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Laghouat (Alger) - Caserne Margeritte
View from a hill of a military camp surrounded by a wall. Camp contains many single story buildings with arched promenades. In the background mountains. On the reverse 'Our prison camp occupied part of this caserne and was "barbed wired off" extreme left of picture shows where escape tunnel came up'.
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One b/w photograph postcard
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MHudsdonJD755052-151029-040024, MHudsdonJD755052-151029-040025
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Prisoners dig 187-ft To Freedom
Relates how after tunnelling 187 feet to escape from internment camp in Algeria, 29 soldiers were recaptured. Tunnel took seven months dug in relays 24 hours a day. After escape Arab guards tracked them down and they were sent back to prison.
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1942-10-29
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One newspaper cutting
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NSmithEA151029-030003
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Two years in Prison Camp - airman's ordeal in Tunisia
Sergeant observer J Douglas Hudson resting at home after being released from spending two years in French North African internment camps. Freed after British and American troop landings in November. Tells of force landing in Tunisia, internment in Le Kef, how they passed their time, escape attempts. Goes on with moved to Aumale Algeria and then to Laghouat. Mentions escape tunnel at Laghouat.
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1942-12-04
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One newspaper cutting
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NSmithEA151029-030006
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Rescued from Vichy's grasp
Account of Douglas Hudson's safe arrival home after two years internment in French North Africa. Notes squalid conditions in camps and two escape attempts.
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One newspaper cutting
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NSmithEA151029-030008
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Interview with Ronald Last
Ronald Last grew up in Dorset and worked as an apprentice for the local Gas and Water company before volunteering for the Air Force. He attended the reception centre at Lord's Cricket Ground and describes the medical tests and inoculations recruits were given. He trained at Newquay and had started his flying training on Tiger Moths when he was posted away to train as a bomb aimer. He discusses his training in Ansons, dropping practice bombs and the duties of a bomb aimer including the bombing run, mine laying and dealing with hang-ups. He flew operations in Wellingtons and Halifaxes with 466 Squadron from RAF Driffield and suggests that his first pilot was taken off flying due to lack of moral fibre. His Halifax was shot down by a fighter over the target 28/29 January 1944 and three of his crew were killed. He baled out and became a prisoner of war. He describes his decent by parachute, his capture, treatment for his injuries and the conditions at prisoner of war camps including Stalag Luft 3. He describes the escape tunnel 'Dick' and hearing the news that 50 officers who escaped as part of the Great Escape had been shot. The camp was evacuated as the Russians advanced, and he took part in the Long March from Poland to Germany. He was eventually liberated by the British Army and returned to England by the RAF as part of Operation Exodus. After the war he worked as a gas fitter.
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2015-11-25
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03:09:07 audio recording
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ALastRR151125
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Royal+Air+Force">Royal Air Force</a>
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Royal+Air+Force.+Bomber+Command">Royal Air Force. Bomber Command</a>
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Interview with Lawrie Lawrence
Jack ‘Lawrie’ Lawrence planned on making a career in the RAF and joined in 1938. He enjoyed those early days when it felt like he belonged to a flying club. This was interrupted by the start of war and operational flying. He flew in Blenheims and notes they ‘filled the graveyard’ because of the accident rate with the aircraft. He volunteered for a second tour after a spell as an instructor. He was shot down and became a prisoner of war. He swapped identity with a New Zealand soldier so he would be able to volunteer for working parties which would give him the opportunity to escape. He made two attempts but was caught and delivered into the hands of the gestapo. On his last recapture he was held in a cellar before being called out into a garden where he was told he would be executed. He was unexpectedly reprieved and returned to prison. During the Long March he made his last escape and met with Canadians. He and his friends drove a Mercedes to a bridge and they then swapped the car for a camera and continued their journey on foot until they reached freedom.
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2017-05-10
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01:01:26 audio recording
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ALawrenceJ170510, PLawrenceJ1701
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Royal+Air+Force">Royal Air Force</a>
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Interview with James Mulhall. One
James was born in Gorton, attended Catholic schools, and became an apprentice plumber. In November 1942 he joined the Royal Air Force. He then trained as a mechanic at RAF St Athan before being posted to RAF Henlow to assemble Hurricanes. He then went back to RAF St Athan to re-muster as a flight engineer. His next postings where at RAF Stradishall on Stirlings, which he thought were awful aircraft, and at RAF Feltwell on Lancasters. His crew was posted to 75 Squadron, serving at RAF Mepal where there were sometimes two full crews in a single Nissen hut. The crew’s first operation was a daylight operation to the U-Boat pens at St. Nazaire. On a run to Russelsheim they were coned and blinded by searchlights but managed to escape them with little damage. James said most of the flights were just enduring the cold and getting back as safely as possible. He elaborates on service conditions on board, recollecting instances of incendiaries hitting their aircraft. After completing the thirty operations (among them nine or ten daylight ones) the crew decided to do a final four together which proved to be a fatal decision. Those who bailed out ended up at Dulag Luft for interrogation. James was then moved to Stalag Luft VII in Poland in December 1944. He describes the conditions, food and treatment in the camps. James was in the long march which ended at Luckenwalde when they escaped. Prisoners were taken to Leipzig before being flown to Brussels and then home. James left the RAF in February 1946.
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2016-08-23
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01:04:05 audio recording
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AMulhallJE160823
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List of Phrases
List of phrases translated into German, French, Dutch and Spanish to help with evasion.
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One printed card
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OStavesME203137-160226-020001,
OStavesME203137-160226-020002,
OStavesME203137-160226-030001,
OStavesME203137-160226-030002
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Interview with Tom and Gabi Wilson
Gabi Wilson grew up in Berlin and was a schoolgirl in 1939. She discusses one brother training as an interpreter and another brother returning from Russian prisoner of war camps. She worked as an apprentice at a publisher firm. She met her husband, Tom at university, they married in 1950 and moved to London where he became a head teacher.
Tom Wilson came from an academic family in New Zealand. He studied engineering and worked on radar before volunteering for the Air Force. He flew 13 operations as a navigator before his aircraft was shot down and he became a prisoner of war. He met his wife at a lecture.
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2015-08-16
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01:03:27 audio recording
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AWilsonGT150816, PWilsonT1501, PWilsonT1502
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Royal+Air+Force">Royal Air Force</a>
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The handbook of modern irregular warfare - pamphlet No 1
Warning prisoners of war the dangers of escaping - 'it is no longer a sport'.
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Two-sided printed document
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MWhiteheadT1502391-180307-01
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Scenes and people - Stalag Luft 1 and Dulag Luft
Top left - a guard tower taken through barbed wire. Captioned 'F36 Dulag Luft'.
Top middle - a wooden guard tower with telegraph wires and fence to the right and church in the background on the left. Captioned 'F29 Stalag Luft 1'.
Top right - a view of the sky with anti aircraft fire. In the foreground a pole and barbed wire roll. Captioned '[..], AA fire during a raid on Mannheim. Dec 16 40'.
Bottom left - Twenty nine prisoners of war sitting and standing in four rows. Most are wearing battledress and some have visible brevet. Captioned 'B13 Canadian Officers, Stalag Luft 1 41'.
Bottom middle - two prisoners of war the left one dressed in theatrical uniform with tricorne hat and the one on the right in tunic with half brevet. Captioned 'B1 Stalag Luft 1, 1941'.
Bottom right - four prisoners of war wearing a variety of civilian clothes, three carrying milk churns. Captioned 'Would be escapees, Recaptured. Stalag Luft 1 [...]'.
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1940
1941
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Six b/w photographs mounted on an album page
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PWhiteheadT18010002
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David Geach's Claim for Campaign Stars and/or Defence Medal
RAF Form 2825 filled in by David Geach claiming 1939/45 star, Air Crew Europe Star and France and Germany Star
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Two printed sheets with handwritten annotation
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MGeachDG1394781-160401-050001,
MGeachDG1394781-160401-050002
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Handle with Care
A book of Prison Camp Sketches
A book of Prison Camp cartoons with some explanations.
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1946
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One printed book
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MGeachDG1394781-160401-18
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Wrzesień 1939 - ewakuacja z Torunia
September 1939 - evacuation from Toruń by train, on foot, by car
Photo 1 is a group of people round the back of a car, annotated:
We got stuck in the sand near Garwolin.
Photo 2 is five people with a caption with their names 'Maciek Miszewski, Jerzy Rajewski, Jan Rabek NN.
Photo 3 is the same group as photo 2 with a caption in Polish 'Poszukiwanie żywności' 'In search of food'.
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1939-09
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Three b/w photographs from a scrapbook
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PStachiewiczM17010007
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Receipts from Bucharest and Belgrade Embassies and photos from Mieczysław Stachiewicz's travels
Items written in three different languages: Polish, Serbian and Romanian.
Item 1 is a receipt for money paid to the Treasury in Bucharest written in Polish, dated 8 January 1940.
Item 2 is a photo of a queue outside railings with soldiers controlling access.
Item 3 is a photo of a car with two men leaning on it. Behind is a street scene with more cars and people.
Item 4 is a a document from the Polish consulate in Belgrade but written Serbian, dated 9 January 1940.
Item 5 is a second class train ticket. It is written in Romanian and reads
'With passenger Identification'
No:
Wagon:
Bench:
Seat:'
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1940-01
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Two typed sheets, two b/w photographs and a train ticket from a scrapbook
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PStachiewiczM17010010
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