Interview with Livia de Savorgnani Zanmarchi
Livia de Savorgnani Zanmarchi reminisces her wartime experiences in Trieste. Describes the 10 June 1944 bombing, mentioning the destruction of the Beata Vergine delle Grazie church and the Modiano card factory. Talks about the gruesome sight of a cart piled with corpses, and explains how pea soup still brings back unpleasant wartime memories. Elaborates briefly on the morality of bombing.
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2018-08-27
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00:55:14 audio recording
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AZanmarchiLdS180827
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Interview with Annamaria De Manzano Vici
Annamaria De Manzano Vici recalls her wartime childhood in Trieste. Describes the struggle of her women-only family, coping with fear, hunger, and difficulties in finding food supplies. Remembers the run to the public shelter and the terror felt after a bombing that destroyed her house and caused her grandmother’s death by heart attack. Gives a brief account of few war episodes: a soldier met after the beginning of the curfew, the return of an uncle after a period of imprisonment in a work camp, and Tito’s men invading the city after the end of the war. Highlights her deep commitment to pacifism as the only way to deal with human conflicts. Describes Allied pilots as ‘robots’ driven by someone else’s will.
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2017-09-05
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00:34:23 audio recording
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AViciAdM170905
PViciAdM1701
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Interview with Alberto Dini
World War (1939-1945)
Bombing, Aerial
Alberto Dini reminisces his wartime life in Trieste starting from the declaration of war until the end of the conflict. Describes life under the bombs, stressing disruption of utilities, devastated streets and chequered schooling history. Describes the bombing on the 10 June 1944, mentioning the sense of impending doom he felt immediately before being hit by a blow. Highlights the belief that nothing bad could happen to him and stresses the importance of his positive attitude as a coping strategy.
Mentions childrens pastimes such as mimicking aircraft dogfights, playing Mikado or cops and robbers, trading toy soldiers, cards and comics. Recounts wartime anecdotes: assembling a makeshift Christmas tree, wood-pilfering after curfew and the encounter with a Luftwaffe serviceman who foretold how he would have a career as a pilot.
Mentions how he tried to escape the vigilance of the warden to play hide-and-seek outside and reminisces on life in large underground public shelters: dripping walls, fetid sweat, damp air, and smell of rot. Remembers the omnipresent scent of Melissa (Melissa officinalis) then widely used as a cure for all. Narrates how his elder brother came home after he had witnessed the bombing of Nuremberg and urged his relatives to never use domestic shelters. Mentions Father Placek, a Bohemian priest who disappeared during the war and another member of the clergy who defied the authorities. Describes "Pippo" dropping small bombs, identifying the aircraft as a Storch (Fi 156). Maintains people had a non-judgemental view on bombing and saw the Allies as liberators. He never heard civilians cursing aircrew. Describes how he tried to forget the war until recently. In hindsight, he considers himself a lucky man because wartime hardships gave him a greater resilience that helped him later in life.
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2017-01-05
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00:52:49 audio recording
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ADiniA170105
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Chiesa della B.V. delle Grazie mutilata nel bombardamento anglo-americano del 10-06-44
World War (1939-1945)
Propaganda
Bombing, Aerial
Following the destruction of a church in Trieste, the leaflet contrasts the horrors of unrestricted bombing warfare with the hypocrisy of Winston Churchill and Franklin D. Roosevelt. They describe themselves as devoutly religious despite ordering the killing of women and children from the safety of their comfortable homes.
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This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
One leaflet
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MRadacichM[Ser'#-DoB]-170110-10
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Prisoners of the San Sabba Concentration Camp during a bombing
World War (1939-1945)
In a bare room, a man is chained to the wall surrounded by five other prisoners. The man at the back has a Star of David badge sewn onto his yellow shirt and is holding his hands in the air, whilst the other men appear to be shouting.
Label reads “142”; signed by the author; caption reads “(2) TRIESTE, RISIERA di S. SABBA, 10 GIUGNO 1944. Durante un violento bombardamento aereo su Trieste, dei detenuti fuggirono dalle celle, al pianterreno della Risiera dove erano stipate anche 7 persone per cella. A malapena vi avrebbero potuto stare solo 4, con un piccolo foro nel soffitto, e 2 tavolacci per sdraiarsi, la rappresaglia costò la vita a 20 persone. Così fù per il triestino P. R. assente ingiustificato dall O. T. lavoro obbligatorio, finito a colpi di mazza il 7 Aprile 1945. Della medaglia d’Oro friulana Cecilia Deganutti, le uccisioni venivano eseguite mediante gassazione, o colpi di mazza, o sgozzamento per mano di Wirth [Christian Wirth], un uomo feroce dalla frusta di cuoio, sempre in mano a mò di talsimano. FINE.”
Caption translates as: “(2) Trieste, San Sabba rice husking mill, 10 June 1944. During an severe air bombing on Trieste, some prisoners escaped from their cells located on the ground floor of the rice mill. The maximum capacity of each cell was four people, but they even managed to squeeze seven people in one. Each cell had a small hole in the ceiling and two benches where people could lie down. The retaliation cost 20 lives. So it was for P.R., from Trieste, who was absent without leave from his forced labour with the Todt Organisation. He was bludgeoned to death on 7 April 1945. Cecilia Deganutti, Friulan gold medal of military valour recipient. The killings were carried out by gas, bludgeon, or throat-cutting by Christian Wirth, a cruel man who always held a leather whip in his hand, as it were a lucky charm. The end”
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One tempera on paper, pasted on mount board
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PFilliputtiA16010062