Interview with Margherita Franco
Margherita Franco (b. 1934) describes how an unexploded bomb was found in the garden of their house. Mentions technical terms she learned at that time and describes how her father resorted to the Unione Nazionale Protezione Antiaerea bomb disposal units, and describes their lax approach to discipline. She also describes searchlights circling in the night sky.
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00:01:59 audio recording
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Memoro#888
Bombing of Udine
World War (1939-1945)
Bombing, Aerial
Two men of the Unione Nazionale Protezione Antiaerea are in the foreground running. One of them is pointing to the sky with his left arm, whilst the other soldier is holding on to his helmet with his right hand. The buildings around are engulfed in flames and smoke is swirling around in the street. On the horizon, at least eighteen aircraft are visible. A further two have been badly hit and are plunging to the ground. Three aircrew have bailed out.
Label reads “202”; signed by the author; caption reads “29 Dicembre 1944. Attacco diurno di aerei anlgo-americani alla citta di Udine gravi i danni alle abitazioni civili, 3 aerei abbattuti dalla caccia.”
Caption translates as: “29 December 1944. Day attack by Anglo-American aircraft to the town of Udine, causing severe damage to civilian houses. Fighters shoot down three aircraft.”
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<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Francesca+Campani">Francesca Campani</a>
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Alessandro+Pesaro">Alessandro Pesaro</a>
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One tempera on paper, pasted on mount board
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PFilliputtiA16010079
Prisoners of war volunteer to defuse a bomb
World War (1939-1945)
Bombing, Aerial
People are held back outside the gate of a walled yard as a trolley carrying an unexploded bomb is pulled by five men, four dressed in green and one in a white shirt with the colours of the Italian flag. A young boy has climbed a column just outside the gate. In the foreground, three men are wearing armbands with the Italian colours visible. Two are gesturing with open arms towards the third man as he pulls at the strap of his gun.
Label reads “297”; signed by the author; Caption reads “2 MAGGIO 1945. S. GIORGIO di NOGARO UD. Prigionieri “SS” spagnoli, in realtà erano degli arruolati istriani, offertisi di spolettare e trasportare una bomba, rimasta inesplosa durante l’azione notturna di “Pippo” del 23 Febbraio. Rimasta interrata nella cantina, veniva rimossa e transportata verso il cancello, d’uscita, dove un nugolo di curiosi si assiepavano, essendo stati tolti i cordoni di sicurezza. Erano le 11.00, un boato tremendo, lacerava il paese in festa, la bomba era esplosa provocando un massacro, 25 le vittime, 5 patrioti, 2 ignoti e molti feriti. Il disegno nato il giorno della sciagura; da sinistra R.M. - F.L. - R.P. -A.M.- A.S. assieme a 3 prigionieri istriani. Una mamma di questi soldati ignoti venne dall’Istria in cerca del figlio che sapeva a S. Giorgio, io la vidi, quanto pi’anse, ma nessuno l’aiutò.”
Caption translates as: “2 May 1945 – San Giorgio di Nogaro (Udine province). Spanish Schutzstaffel [sic] prisoners, who as a matter of facts were Istrian enlisted soldiers, offered to defuse and carried away a bomb that had not detonated following 23 February Pippo’s night bombing. It remained buried in the basement; it was removed and transported towards the main gate, where a crowd of onlookers gathered as the area was no longer cordoned off. It was 11.00 am; a terrible boom shocked the jubilant population. The bomb had exploded resulting in 25 victims (five patriots, two unknowns, and many injured); it was a massacre. This artwork was finished that same day. It depicts (from left to right): R.M., F.L., R.F., A.M., and A.S., together with three Istrian prisoners. One of the soldiers’ mothers came from Istria looking for her son, knowing he was in San Giorgio. I saw her. How much she cried! - no one helped her.”
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<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Alessandro+Pesaro">Alessandro Pesaro</a>
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One tempera on paper, pasted on mount board
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PFilliputtiA16010113
Aftermath of a failed attempt at defusing a bomb
World War (1939-1945)
Bombing, Aerial
Members of the Unione Nazionale Protezione Antiaerea are clearing the rubble and debris of a severely damaged terraced building. Another broken wall is visible on the right of the picture. A woman and a young girl are stopped by one of the men on the left, whilst another onlooker stands in the doorway of the premises next door.
Label reads “298”; signed by the author; caption reads “2 MAGGIO 1945. L’UNPA al lavoro dopo il recupero delle salme, in seguito allo scopio della bomba che ha troncato 25 giovani vite a S. GIORGIO di NOGARO. UD”.
Caption translates as: “2 May 1945. The National Union for the Anti-Aircraft Protection (UNPA) rescuing of the bodies of the 25 victims of the bomb explosion in San Giorgio di Nogaro (Udine province).”
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<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Helen+Durham">Helen Durham</a>
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One tempera on paper, pasted on mount board
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PFilliputtiA16010114
Interview with Luciana Cella Guffanti
World War (1939-1945)
Bombing, Aerial
Luciana Cella Guffanti (b. 1932) describes the role played by officers of the Unione Nazionale Protezione Antiaerea during the bombings of Milan, especially when they had to persuade reluctant people to go to the shelters. She describes an occasion when the alarm sounded, and she and her friend were prevented from entering an already overcrowded shelter and had to cross the vast Piazza della Repubblica which was being strafed.
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<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=45&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Memoro.+La+banca+della+memoria">Memoro. La banca della memoria</a>
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Francesca+Campani">Francesca Campani</a>
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00:02:30 audio recording
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Memoro#591.html
Come proteggersi della nuova offesa nemica: “la piastrina incendiaria”
World War (1939-1945)
Bombing, Aerial
Great Britain. Royal Air Force. Bomber Command
Instructions how to deal with a new type of small incendiary the Royal Air Force started to use. Advice includes: do not use water; put all the incendiaries in a hole dug in the ground; ask the assistance of the Unione Nazionale Protezione Antiaerea if found in large batches; do not touch them; always use metal containers and tongs; make children aware of the danger.
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One leaflet
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MRadacichM[Ser'#-DoB]-170110-19
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Civilian">Civilian</a>
Il gioco della protezione antiaerea
World War (1939-1945)
Bombing, Aerial
The board game has 78 spaces, numbered from one to 78, and arranged in spiral fashion. Players’ pieces are moved according to throws of one or two dice. Each square contains simple figures and a brief text about anti-aircraft precautions. Players who land on a square with good advice are rewarded with shortcuts, whereas those who land on numbers that show examples of foolish behaviour pay the consequences. On the reverse, information on the Unione Nazionale Protezione Antiaerea and advertising of household products marketed by the Florence-based company H. Roberts & Co.
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1935-04-04
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One board game
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MRadacichM[Ser'#-DoB]-170206-04
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Interview with Romualdo Siccardi
Romualdo Siccardi (b. 1926) remembers the November 1942 bombing of the Borgo San Paolo gas holder in Turin, when he was sixteen. Mentions briefly makeshift shelters in basements deemed tantamount to death traps and gives a detailed account of the night of 20 November when the gas holder was hit by bombs and incendiaries. Describes how the fire was extinguished by members of the Unione Nazionale Protezione Antiaerea, helped by soldiers and workers of the Società Italiana Gas. Mentions how they resorted to sand and earth from nearby farmhouses because water supply had been disrupted by the bombing.
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=45&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=IBCC+Digital+Archive">IBCC Digital Archive</a>
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=45&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Memoro.+La+banca+della+memoria">Memoro. La banca della memoria</a>
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00:10:49 audio recording
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Memoro#1157
Interview with Efrem Colombi
World War (1939-1945)
Bombing, Aerial
Efrem Colombi recalls his care-free childhood, initially in the Bergamo countryside and then in Milan. Emphasises his life-long radical anti-Clericalism and recounts how he ran away several times from Catholic boarding schools because of his rebellious attitude. Mentions some bombings from which he escaped unharmed and recalls the 20 October 1944 Milan bombing, describing its effects on the Gorla and Precotto neighbourhoods. Recollects aircraft suddenly appearing on a surprisingly crisp day; his primary school was destroyed; he and his friends arriving out of curiosity among scenes of devastation, the appalling sight of a body being pulled out from debris, and hundreds of white coffins at the funeral. Recalls anecdotes of the Milan working class in the 1940s and describes wartime episodes: a hand grenade found in the Martesana canal that exploded close to barracks; his Jewish name prompting anti-Semitism; life at a holiday summer camp and as an evacuee; his mother throwing away his junior fascist uniform after the collapse of the regime; daily life in a ‘Casa di ringhiera’ (tenement with communal balconies); coming back home on an American tank at the end the war. Stresses the importance of family; gives an account of how his mother remarried when his father was declared missing in action, only to reappear after the end of the war; recounts anecdotes about friends and relatives. Curses allied air forces because they never apologised, but sympathises with aircrew, being too young to be aware of the consequences of their action. Links his strong atheist stance with the sight of young, innocent victims.
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2017-02-28
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01:17:45 audio recording
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=44&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=ita">ita</a>
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AColombiE170228
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Interview with Giglio Mazzi
World War (1939-1945)
Bombing, Aerial
Giglio Mazzi (b. 1927) recalls his early life in Reggio Emilia, born in a family with strong anti-fascist sentiments. Describes his first job at the Reggiane works, then at the local labour inspectorate where he was attached to a debris clearance team. Speaks about removing corpses after two Reggio bombings and explains how he defected before being sent to dig trenches on the Gothic line. Describes his role within the Unione nazionale protezione antiaerea; provides an account of the January 1944 bombings and their widespread damage. Recollects how the explosions disinterred corpses buried in the local cemetery, among them one of the Cervi Brothers and of seven partisans killed in a reprisal action. Describes the effects of lack of anti-aircraft preparedness when many civilians were maimed by small bombs, how he stole one of the bombs and brought it to the local Fascist headquarters. Recollects how he became a partisan and describes the actions he took part in: capturing an aircraft machine gun and attacking a German stronghold, later joined in by "Pippo". Gives an account of the differences between Gruppi di Azione Patriottica (GAP) and Squadre di Azione Patriottica (SAP), two Italian resistance groups and mentions the assumed names under which he fought. Recollects how he narrowly escaped death in an exchange of fire with Italian SS and speaks with respect of a Fascist doctor who tended his wounds, regardless of side. Chronicles how he was enlisted into the Italian police force afterwards and how he was forced to leave following a change in the law and a political feud with a superintendent, he had previously helped.
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2017-04-20
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This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
01:16:30 audio recording
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AMazziG170420
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Interview with Gavino Pala
Gavino Pala reminisces about his childhood in Sardinia, describing schooling and paramilitary training. Recollects the 17 May 1943 Alghero bombing, explaining how part of the population had left the city the day before and slept among olive trees, following hearsay about the imminent attack. Explains how authorities delayed the deployment of civil defence squads and sent instead secret service officers to find out who started the rumours. Maintains that Father Schirru manned a clandestine radio station and was informed in advance by the Allies. Explains how the primary target was the nearby military airfield but the German radar at Punta Giglio gave the alarm, the attack was contrasted by heavy anti-aircraft fire, and bombers headed to Alghero as a target of opportunity. Describes the ensuing widespread damage; mentions the black market and evacuation. Describes properly designed underground shelters, consisting of a network of tunnels divided into various subsections, in order to mitigate the effects of a direct hit. Recounts the story of a fellow citizen who was posted in Bordeaux as submariner, opted to join the German forces after the fall of the fascist regime, and ended up at Omaha beach during the Normandy landings. Speaks favourably of some well-mannered Luftwaffe officers who spent their free time reading Latin books in his school library. Mentions his friendly relationships with British personnel, despite having being bombed by the Allies, and recounts a post-war reunion with one officer. Elaborates on the bombing war pointing out his fatalistic attitude.
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2018-03-05
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This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
00:39:47 audio recording
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APalaG180305
PPalaG1801
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