Interview with Kenneth William Munro
Ken was a 456 Squadron Mosquito navigator. He initially joined the Army’s Victorian Scottish regiment but changed to the Royal Air force. He was selected to be a navigator and sailed to Canada. Ken did a course at Edmonton and was made an officer. He then sailed back to Scotland and went down to Brighton. After undertaking a new course on radar, he went to RAF Ouston to learn how to operate it. He flew in Ansons and Beaufighters before going to Cranfield to fly Wellingtons. Ken met his wife there, a Women's Auxiliary Air Force who managed the officers’ mess. He was due to join Bomber Command but eventually became night fighters aircrew and joined 456 Squadron. Ken was stationed at RAF Ford.
Ken describes how he met his pilot. They initially shot down V-1s flying Mosquitoes. They went to northern France and did cross countries. Ken missed D-Day as he was training on Mark 10 radar at RAF Twinwood Farm. They did intruder raids. He describes going to Linz and Linz and their encounters with fighters. His squadron, along with another Mosquito squadron, were sent to the Channel Islands and was instrumental in the surrender German forces stationed there on 9th May 1945.
Ken was a recipient of Lady Ryder’s Dominion and Allied Services Hospitality Scheme and describes some of the hospitality and leisure pursuits he experienced.
After the war, Ken received the Legion of Honour.
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2016-05-22
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Julie+Williams">Julie Williams</a>
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01:25:28 audio recording
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AMunroKW160522
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Interview with Alberto Dini
World War (1939-1945)
Bombing, Aerial
Alberto Dini reminisces his wartime life in Trieste starting from the declaration of war until the end of the conflict. Describes life under the bombs, stressing disruption of utilities, devastated streets and chequered schooling history. Describes the bombing on the 10 June 1944, mentioning the sense of impending doom he felt immediately before being hit by a blow. Highlights the belief that nothing bad could happen to him and stresses the importance of his positive attitude as a coping strategy.
Mentions childrens pastimes such as mimicking aircraft dogfights, playing Mikado or cops and robbers, trading toy soldiers, cards and comics. Recounts wartime anecdotes: assembling a makeshift Christmas tree, wood-pilfering after curfew and the encounter with a Luftwaffe serviceman who foretold how he would have a career as a pilot.
Mentions how he tried to escape the vigilance of the warden to play hide-and-seek outside and reminisces on life in large underground public shelters: dripping walls, fetid sweat, damp air, and smell of rot. Remembers the omnipresent scent of Melissa (Melissa officinalis) then widely used as a cure for all. Narrates how his elder brother came home after he had witnessed the bombing of Nuremberg and urged his relatives to never use domestic shelters. Mentions Father Placek, a Bohemian priest who disappeared during the war and another member of the clergy who defied the authorities. Describes "Pippo" dropping small bombs, identifying the aircraft as a Storch (Fi 156). Maintains people had a non-judgemental view on bombing and saw the Allies as liberators. He never heard civilians cursing aircrew. Describes how he tried to forget the war until recently. In hindsight, he considers himself a lucky man because wartime hardships gave him a greater resilience that helped him later in life.
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2017-01-05
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00:52:49 audio recording
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ADiniA170105
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Interview with Piero Fiorot
Piero Fiorot reminisces about his pre-war life in Sacile: schooling, fascist paramilitary training and indoctrination, curfews, rationing, and doing business in a tightly controlled, closed economic system. Contrasts the relatively tranquil life during the first stage of the war with the chaos following the fall of the Fascist regime and the brutality of the subsequent German occupation. Recounts wartime anecdotes such as dropping of propaganda flyers, clandestine listening of British broadcasts, evacuee’s life, German mop ups and killings, anti-aircraft fire, and damage caused by jettisoned bombs. Describes the tense atmosphere inside a shelter with people weeping and praying, and contrasts it with his care-free attitude. Stresses the strategic importance of the city, owing to its railway station and the nearby railway bridges. Describes the 1944 Sacile bombings and provides details on the 5 November 1944 attack in which a bomb nearly hit the private shelter of the Balliana family and many children lost their lives. Reminisces about the funeral and the sight of his schoolmates in white coffins. Speaks critically of the Resistance accused to provoke avoidable reprisal and mentions some victims of German brutality such as Raimondo Lacchin and Marco Meneghini. Describes Pippo dropping supplies and small antipersonnel mines, stressing how children were easily maimed until they were told not to pick them up. Mentions his friendly relationship with Heinrich and Peter Paul, two Luftwaffe pilots based at the nearby Aviano airfield who supported him in many circumstances; describes a fortuitous reunion with the latter. Provides details on the early post-war years and elaborates on the legitimacy of bombing. Recounts how British forces were generally hated and stresses the difficulty to reconcile the bombings with the idea of being liberated.
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Alessandro+Pesaro">Alessandro Pesaro</a>
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2018-07-18
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AFiorotP180719
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Interview with Lidia Vendramin
Lidia Vendramin reminisces her childhood in Sacile including details on her primary schooling, family, and town life. Contrasts the public manifestations of joy the day the war was declared, with the shock and dismay of her parents, whose lives had been profoundly affected by the First World War. Describes the first bombings aimed at the railway lines and the subsequent, more severe attacks which targeted the whole town. Reminisces about her life as an evacuee at Nave and provides an account of night bombings on Aviano and Treviso, describing target indicators, flares, and the muffled noise of distant explosions. Stresses her sense of hopelessness, and the difficulty to make sense of meaningless violence and wanton destruction. Claims that parents tried everything to keep their children out of the horrors of war, and stressed how she had to piece together different bits of information to understand the events she had eye-witnessed. Mentions widespread solidarity among co-workers, who rushed to patch up a plant. Describes convoys packed with Jews and Italian prisoners of war en route to Germany and mentions various acts of kindness: women trying to pass food to the prisoners or collecting the notes they dropped on the railway tracks hoping to send news home; railwaymen sabotaging trains. Mentions some anecdotes connected about Pippo and the Resistance. Stressed how the droning sound of aircraft haunted her for years after the end of the war. Having been at the receiving end of the bombing war, it justifies her keen interest in the history of the second world war and human destructivity. Expresses sympathy for the victim of present day conflicts and elaborates on the present state of global politics and society.
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Alessandro+Pesaro">Alessandro Pesaro</a>
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2018-07-17
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01:01:27 audio recording
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AVendraminL180717
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Interview with Marco Pederielli
Marco Pederielli describes his father’s career as a Regia Aeronautica officer, providing details of his service in North Africa. Describes his personal situation after the fall of the Fascist regime, when he reluctantly joined the Aeronautica Nazionale Repubblicana as a Morse code instructor. Chronicles the 20 October 1944 Milan bombing describing aircraft approaching at a low altitude, bombs falling down on Gorla, and the subsequent widespread destruction. Explains how he left the school early and therefore did not go in the shelter where all his schoolmates perished. Mentions Pippo dropping small bombs at night which often maimed or killed children. Describes scenes of mothers who had their children killed during the bombings and cheering American personnel at the end of the war, gratefully accepting small gifts. Stresses the difference in perception between the Americans and British personnel, the former loved and hailed as saviours, and latter being generally disliked. Describes the difficult memorisation of the Gorla primary school bombing and how the monument was built in a period when the aerial warfare war was still a sensitive topic. Describes his father’s post-war career on Spitfires and his subsequent interest in theosophy. Elaborates on the legitimacy of bombing and reminisces how people of different political persuasions welcomed the Allies at the end of the war. Reflects on how being at the receiving end of the bombing has changed his outlook on life.
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Alessandro+Pesaro">Alessandro Pesaro</a>
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2017-12-12
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00:50:52 audio recording
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=44&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=ita">ita</a>
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APederielliM171212
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Pippo bombs San Giorgio di Nogaro
World War (1939-1945)
Bombing, Aerial
On a clear, moon-lit night, an aircraft with a British roundel bombs a street causing the roofs of buildings on either side to burst into flames. Incendiaries are burning while debris is falling onto the street among small explosions. In the foreground, a person is running away.
Label reads “232”; signed by the author; caption reads “23 FEBBRAIO 1945. ore 20.30 S. GIORGIO di NOGARO, la via MARITTIMA e alcuni vicoli colpiti e incendiati dal lancio di bombe e spezzoni di un bombardiere notturno inglese conosciuto con il nome di “PIPPO”.
Caption translates as: “23 February 1945, 8.30 pm at San Giorgio di Nogaro. Bombs and small explosive devices by a British night bomber nicknamed “Pippo” damage Via Marittima and nearby alleyways".
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<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Francesca+Campani">Francesca Campani</a>
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Alessandro+Pesaro">Alessandro Pesaro</a>
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One tempera on paper, pasted on mount board
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PFilliputtiA16010093
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Prisoners of war volunteer to defuse a bomb
World War (1939-1945)
Bombing, Aerial
People are held back outside the gate of a walled yard as a trolley carrying an unexploded bomb is pulled by five men, four dressed in green and one in a white shirt with the colours of the Italian flag. A young boy has climbed a column just outside the gate. In the foreground, three men are wearing armbands with the Italian colours visible. Two are gesturing with open arms towards the third man as he pulls at the strap of his gun.
Label reads “297”; signed by the author; Caption reads “2 MAGGIO 1945. S. GIORGIO di NOGARO UD. Prigionieri “SS” spagnoli, in realtà erano degli arruolati istriani, offertisi di spolettare e trasportare una bomba, rimasta inesplosa durante l’azione notturna di “Pippo” del 23 Febbraio. Rimasta interrata nella cantina, veniva rimossa e transportata verso il cancello, d’uscita, dove un nugolo di curiosi si assiepavano, essendo stati tolti i cordoni di sicurezza. Erano le 11.00, un boato tremendo, lacerava il paese in festa, la bomba era esplosa provocando un massacro, 25 le vittime, 5 patrioti, 2 ignoti e molti feriti. Il disegno nato il giorno della sciagura; da sinistra R.M. - F.L. - R.P. -A.M.- A.S. assieme a 3 prigionieri istriani. Una mamma di questi soldati ignoti venne dall’Istria in cerca del figlio che sapeva a S. Giorgio, io la vidi, quanto pi’anse, ma nessuno l’aiutò.”
Caption translates as: “2 May 1945 – San Giorgio di Nogaro (Udine province). Spanish Schutzstaffel [sic] prisoners, who as a matter of facts were Istrian enlisted soldiers, offered to defuse and carried away a bomb that had not detonated following 23 February Pippo’s night bombing. It remained buried in the basement; it was removed and transported towards the main gate, where a crowd of onlookers gathered as the area was no longer cordoned off. It was 11.00 am; a terrible boom shocked the jubilant population. The bomb had exploded resulting in 25 victims (five patriots, two unknowns, and many injured); it was a massacre. This artwork was finished that same day. It depicts (from left to right): R.M., F.L., R.F., A.M., and A.S., together with three Istrian prisoners. One of the soldiers’ mothers came from Istria looking for her son, knowing he was in San Giorgio. I saw her. How much she cried! - no one helped her.”
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One tempera on paper, pasted on mount board
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=44&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=ita">ita</a>
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PFilliputtiA16010113
Interview with Mario Galardini
L’intervistato è Mario Galardini, nato a Castel di Casio (BO) il 15 agosto 1923, consulente del lavoro. Interviene il fratello Raffaello, sono presenti Lory Galardini e Annalia Galardini. L’intervista è effettuata da Claudio Rosati presso la sua abitazione a Pistoia, il 12 settembre 1984. Durante il primo bombardamento di Pistoia, Mario Galardini si trovava in casa con la famiglia e si riparò sotto il letto. Raffaello Galardini ricorda le devastazioni avvenute in città e il terrore provato durante il passaggio dell’aereo ricognitore “Pippo”. In seguito, sfollarono alle Case Nuove e successivamente alle Case Vecchie. Mario Galardini fu obbligato dai tedeschi a spalare le macerie nel centro città, con la paura di essere deportato in Germania. Una volta, a San Quirico, vide arrivare un gruppo di tedeschi in cerca di un luogo in cima alla montagna.<br />Un passaggio di 35 secondi con inizio a 00:17:15 è stato espunto su esplicita richiesta dell'intervistato.<br /><br />
<p>The interviewee is Mario Galardini, employment consultant, born at Castel di Casio (BO) on 15 August 1923. His brother Raffaello edges in, Lory Galardini and Annalia Galardini are also in the room. The interview was conducted by Claudio Rosati on 12 September 1984 at his house in Pistoia. During the first bombing of Pistoia, Mario Galardini was at home with his family and took shelter under the bed. Raffaello remembers the havoc wreaked on the city and the terror caused by the reconnaissance aircraft Pippo. Then, they were evacuated to Case Nuove and eventually to Case Vecchie. Mario Galardini was forced by Germans to clear up rubble in the heart of the city, with the fear of being deported to Germany. One day, at San Quirico, he saw a group of Germans looking for a place on top of the mountain.<br />A 35-second passage starting at 00:17:15 was removed at the interviewee’s explicit request.</p>
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1984-09-12
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00:22:53 audio recording
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MB CR 7 A
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Interview with Clara Dei
L’intervistata è Clara Dei, nata a Prato il 19 maggio 1927, insegnante elementare. Interviene l’amica Annalia Galardini. L’intervista è effettuata da Claudio Rosati a Pistoia, presso l’abitazione dell’informatrice, il 5 settembre 1983. La notte del primo bombardamento di Pistoia, Clara Dei scappò con la famiglia al rifugio di Via Franchini. Ricorda il timore per la vicinanza delle Officine San Giorgio, obiettivo militare. Sfollò a Gello, dove assistette a mitragliamenti e ai bombardamenti di Piteccio e Pistoia, e successivamente si spostò a Vinacciano affittando una camera da alcuni contadini: lì vi furono rastrellamenti e ricorda di aver visto l’arrivo dei sudafricani. Ricorda inoltre due aerei: “Pippo” e “La Cicogna”. Racconta poi della cattura del padre da parte dei tedeschi, che lo portarono alla palestra Marini; fu liberato grazie a un conoscente che era in buoni rapporti con un gruppo di ritenute SS in città. Infine, si sofferma sul periodo in cui andò a ripetizioni dal professore Aristide Benedetti; qui incontrava spesso Silvano Fedi ed Emiliano Panconesi e riteneva ci fosse un nucleo di partigiani. <br /><br />
<p>The interviewee is Clara Dei, born in Prato on 19 May 1927, primary school teacher. Also present was her friend Annalia Galardini. The interview is conducted by Claudio Rosati in Pistoia on 5 September 1983, in his house.</p>
<p>The night of the first bombing on Pistoia, Clara Dei ran with her family to the Via Franchini shelter. She was afraid because of the proximity of Officine San Giorgio, a military target. Clara was evacuated to Gello, where she witnessed the bombings and strafing of Piteccio and Pistoia. Then she moved to Vinacciano where she took lodging at the home of some peasants: Clara saw civilians being rounded up and witnessed the arrival of South African troops. She remembers two aircraft: Pippo and the Fieseler Fi 156 Storch. Father was captured by the Germans who took him to the Marini gym: he was then set free, thanks to the intervention of an acquaintance who was on good terms with local SS.</p>
<p>Finally, she describes the time when she was privately tutored by Aristide Benedetti; there she had frequent catchups with Silvano Fedi and Emiliano Panconesi. It was widely believed that the place was the headquarter of a Resistance cell.</p>
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1983-09-05
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00:30:39 audio recording
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MB CR 3 A
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Interview with Gino Muratori
Gino Muratori (b. 1929) recollects three Rimini bombings that occurred in November 1944, one of which was aimed at the Ausa river bridge. Mentions his grandmother losing two relatives when their boarding house was destroyed. Remembers how on 26 November 1944 they didn’t hear the alarm sounding and sought shelter only after seeing aircraft approaching. Describes evacuees being temporarily housed at local hotels. Remembers German anti-aircraft guns and barbed-wire fences, and recollects being employed by the Todt organization as a construction worker, toiling alongside Ukrainian and Polish prisoners of war deployed as truck drivers. Tells of his father being sent to Germany to work in a submarine factory. Discusses various anecdotes; dogfights; aircraft jettisoning fuel tanks; looting of private houses; strafing of German military transport; "Pippo" dropping flares and bombs at night time. Describes the whereabouts, use and general arrangement of German fortifications along the Adriatic coast.
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2016-03-14
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01:05:29 audio recording
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AMuratoriLG161125
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Interview with Guido Dell’Era
World War (1939-1945)
Bombing, Aerial
Guido Dell’Era recollects daily life in wartime Milan, stressing inadequate war preparation. Describes a disciplined, regimented society which later turned to disillusionment. Recollects the declaration of war, the fall of the fascist regime and the end of the conflict. Contrasts with the situation in Switzerland, emphasising the lack of wartime black-out precautions there. Describes the 20 October 1944 bombing, its effects on the Gorla and Precotto primary schools, and his own role in the subsequent memorialisation of the event. Stresses the ineffectiveness of anti-aircraft fire, the different shelters and what life was like inside them. Mentions the impact of racial laws on his schoolmates. Recalls memories of Italian military internees in Germany. Describes wartime life: execution of partisans, pastimes of children, strafing of marshalling yards, antifascist propaganda, SS recruitment, graffiti on bombed buildings, bomb disposal units, Pippo, and curfew. Mentions fascists who changed camp after the war ended and became active public figures in other political parties. Describes briefly his post-war life working for oil and mining companies.
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Erica+Picco">Erica Picco</a>
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2017-02-25
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00:50:44 audio recording
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ADell'EraG170225
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Interview with Enrica Mariani
Enrica Mariani recollects her wartime experiences in Milan: her brother dying of bronchitis after spending too much time in the shelter and her father working in an armaments factory. The aggressive fascist militiamen and the long hours she spent in the shelter listening to a man playing the guitar and singing songs mocking the regime. She recalls her partisan husband, who was repeatedly jailed for spreading subversive propaganda material. She describes the 1943 bombings when she narrowly escaped an incendiary. She remembers working at a very young age as a seamstress, following her father’s death and her mother leaving her job as a doorman. She stresses the social divide among evacuees: the better off were afraid to lose their wealth while working class people had a fatalistic, resigned attitude toward war. She discusses helping people fleeing to Switzerland by breaching the border fence, as to avoid detention as military internees in Germany and describes draft-dodgers living in hideouts. She recalls how she was able to sense incoming aircraft well before the alarm sounded.
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Erica+Picco">Erica Picco</a>
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2017-12-09
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01:03:49 audio recording
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AMarianiE171209, PMarianiE1701
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Interview with Franco Nocchieri
World War (1939-1945)
Bombing, Aerial
Franco Nocchieri recalls his early years as an orphan in several different towns in the Province of Pavia. He describes the bombing of the Voghera railway station, which started while he was heading to school. He goes on to explain how he and his schoolmates used to cheer during air-raids, as they were free to skip school and play. He recounts his experience as live-in delivery boy at his stepfather’s tavern at Albaredo Arnaboldi, a vantage point from which he witnessed the daily attempts to destroy the Ponte della Becca, a bridge across the Po river. Franco describes his memories of ‘Pippo’, which he tried to watch every night, and mentions it dropping explosive devices disguised as fountain pens and toys. He describes the difficult coexistence between the local population and Axis troops, stressing the brutality of fascist militiamen. He also describes the fearsome reputation of a prison in the nearby town of Broni, known as ‘Villa Triste’, where many people disappeared. He remarks on his fearless attitude, except while listening to Radio Londra, which was a criminal offence at the time. Franco comments on the food shortages of the time and describes how the poor resorted to eating cats, which were considered to be a substitute for rabbit. He also recounts several wartime events, including: a narrow escape from the Ponte della Becca bombing; widespread fear inspired by so-called ‘Mongols’ (which were part of a German foreign division); a public execution; a friend killed by a bomb believed to have been dropped by ‘Pippo’; the strafing of a funeral procession, and the sight of Felice Fiorentini, a war criminal dubbed 'The Beast', being paraded in and around the province in a cage after the end of the war. He also mentions various stories from his time as a member of the Azione Cattolica Italiana, a Roman Catholic lay association.
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Filippo+Andi">Filippo Andi</a>
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2017-02-02
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01:05:47 audio recording
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ANocchieriF170202
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Interview with Federico Martinotti
World War (1939-1945)
Bombing, Aerial
Federico Martinotti reminisces over the Pavia bombing on the 26 September 1944. Describes the effects on the buildings near the Ticino River (the old bridge being the aiming point of the attack) and mentions the salvaging of valuable items from the debris. Remembers the attitude of his grandfather, a solicitor who had his vast studio destroyed but was still grateful for not having lost his life. Describes improvised shelters, 'Pippo', and black out precautions. Describes bombs being dropped as resembling paratroopers jumping out of an aircraft. Gives an account of the Canottieri Ticino, the rowing club.
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2017-03-09
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00:14:13 audio recording
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AMartinottiF170309
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Interview with Angela Bianchi
World War (1939-1945)
Bombing, Aerial
Angela Bianchi remembers wartime life in the outskirts of Pavia, where she lived on a farm with other families. Recalls her experiences of being bombed while working in a clothes factory situated close to one of the most important Ticino bridges, then a strategic target. Gives a detailed description of two shelters: the first under palazzo Botta, a vast building in the city centre; the second, a mere dugout in the middle of a field. Reminisces over the fear of being trapped underground. Recollects a number of wartime episodes: work being disturbed by bombing and strafing, food pilfering, rustling, using a precarious pontoon bridge erected by army engineers, the visit of Benito Mussolini, after which living conditions improved. Recalls 'Pippo' strafing at night, although she was never sure of its allegiance. Describes long term effects of bombing and how low flying aircraft still scare her.
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Filippo+Andi">Filippo Andi</a>
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2017-02-23
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01:02:27 audio recording
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ABianchiA170223
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Interview with Pietro Varesi
World War (1939-1945)
Bombing, Aerial
Pietro Varesi describes wartime life in Pavia, focussing on the Borgo neighbourhood. He mentions the Ticino bridges as primary targets for bombers; recalls bent shop shutters and debris on the streets; stresses the limited accuracy of bombing and the damage to civilian buildings. Describes how ineffectual anti-aircraft fire was and remembers playing on anti-aircraft guns when the gunners were eating and drinking at a nearby country inn. Contrasts the reaction of adults being frightened and alarmed, with the care-free attitudes of youngsters. Mentions street urchins involved in dangerous games often with disastrous consequences. Criticises makeshift shelters, deemed tantamount to death traps. Recalls various wartime episodes: being a member of fascist organisations while his father was an opponent of the fascist regime, deserters, repression of partisan activities, corpses hidden in a church, 'Pippo' flying at night, disrupted communications, improvised footbridges, rationing, the black market, and food pilfering. Describes men quickly exchanging fascist uniforms with red handkerchiefs at the end of the war. Reflects on the bombing war and stresses the duality of liberators / tormentors.
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Filippo+Andi">Filippo Andi</a>
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2017-03-08
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00:29:50 audio recording
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AVaresiP170308
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Interview with three survivors of the Po valley bombings
World War (1939-1945)
Bombing, Aerial
The informants remember wartime hardships endured near Pavia and Piacenza. Several stories recalled: a farmhouse being thoroughly searched for partisans, children questioned, people injured by shell splinters, a makeshift dugout used as shelter, improvised lighting at home, strafing, Germans looking for deserters and American troops giving away crackers to the children. They tell how the menacing presence of 'Pippo' forced them to relieve themselves inside on the floor. Mentions the bombings of Milan as seen from the countryside where they were.
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2017-04-13
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00:13:33 audio recording
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AAn00974-170413
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Interview with Tullio Magnani
World War (1939-1945)
Bombing, Aerial
Tullio Magnani remembers his wartime years in the Pavia province. Although his father was blacklisted as a subversive communist he did not have any trouble at school. He recounted his role as a young resistance helper smuggling food rationing coupons, while working as a shop boy for a well-known antifascist. Remembers being an eye-witness to the bombing of Milan from Pavia. Retells of a machine gun being set up by fascists on the Ticino river bank, which proved ineffective against allied aircraft. Mentions the strafing of a funeral procession at the Cava Manara municipality carried out by what was thought to be a spotter aircraft. Remembers 'Pippo' bombing at night and targeting the fishermens wharf. Stressing how, during the intense bombing and strafing of Pavia on 4 September when they lost everything, the local fascist authority of Travacò municipality was very helpful in providing them with cots, food and lodgings in a school. Mentions wartime episodes: people seeking refuge in a tunnel used as a makeshift shelter and the carnage that ensued from the bombing, a chemist being arrested for being caught red-handed listening to Radio London, how some driven by poverty and hunger, joined the fascist guards and resorted to going to the cinema before the curfew to find a warm place to stay. Explains how Pavia’s old bridge, unlike the other two which were hit, was not hit by the bombers because it was not clearly visible in the reconnaissance photographs taken from aircraft. Describes the celebrations at the end of the war and reflects on the duality of bombers / liberators. Remembers seeing for the first time an American soldier called Dino, who gave them a soap crate as a gift for washing his laundry. Mentions post war acts of revenge, his role in the local branch of the communist party, the 1948 general election, and how he did not get a job as a tax collector because of his political persuasion.
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Filippo+Andi">Filippo Andi</a>
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2017-03-03
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00:52:11 audio recording
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AMagnaniT170303
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Interview with Gabriella Bisio and Teresa Mascherpa
World War (1939-1945)
Bombing, Aerial
Gabriella Bisio and Teresa Mascherpa recollect the bombing of Pavia and give a vivid description of its immediate aftermath. They describe food shortages, resorting to eating potatoes with milk and queuing up for a portion of salt. Gabriella emphasises how her father refused to join the fascist party and how the war ended the day he was about to be deported. They recount various wartime episodes: a German soldier in the act of surrendering being shot in the back by his comrades, harrowing scenes of bodies carried away on wooden stretchers, and acts of kindness by fascist relatives, 'Pippo' bombing at night, anti-aircraft batteries positioned in the city and the accidental bombing of a church and houses near the old bridge which was the actual target.
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2017-03-08
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Peter+Schulze">Peter Schulze</a>
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00:18:48 audio recording
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ABisioG-MascherpaT170308
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Interview with Andreino Pagano
Andreino Pagano (b. 1934) remembers his wartime experiences in the Pavia province. He explains how a parish church provided a good shelter owing to its thick walls. Recalls various stories: resorting to the black market, the bombing of the Voghera railway works, daytime strafing of a lorry delivering biscuit boxes, scattering them all over the place, the driver seeking shelter inside a vineyard cottage fireplace and afterwards being mistaken for a chimney sweep as he was covered in soot; Germans seizing his only workhorse which was later returned, being 'bobtailed'. Describes how his farmhouse was first occupied by German and then American soldiers, the latter coming with so-called ‘Mongols’. Remembers the first use of Penicillin and food being stored in a well like a larder. Mentioning 'Pippo' flying and recollecting blacked-out windows covered with blue paper. He remembers the droning noise made by the bombers and the bombs as they were falling.
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Filippo+Andi">Filippo Andi</a>
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2017-07-12
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00:15:58 audio recording
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APaganoA170712
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Interview with Sandro Boiocchi
Sandro Boiocchi remembers wartime memories at Travacò, in the Pavia area. Mentions various episodes: food shortages, the black market, fascist and German roundups, Pippo flying at night, bombing of bridges, giving shelter to evacuees. Tells how stables provided warm shelter but were also used as hidden storage for weapons. Mentions seeing an aircraft taken down in the woods, with a dead pilot still inside the cockpit. Remembers the blowing up of an ammunition dump and the following blast wave, which shattered their windows and doors. Describes the strict instructions issued by parents and relatives to black out the windows extremely well in order not to serve as a target for bombings at night. Tells of when his mother stood up against a group of Germans and fascists intending to search their house for food and how she told them off. Recounts episodes of selfless generosity and moral integrity . Explains how, following a direct order from the partisan leaders, actions against the German troops were forbidden in the Travacò area, of strategic importance for the resistance and where huge amounts of weapons were stacked. Tells of Carabinieri opposing the Fascist regime, having pledged allegiance to the king. Tells how, in absence of authority, the population resorted to informal mutual assistance networks.
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Filippo+Andi">Filippo Andi</a>
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2017-02-25
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00:43:10 audio recording
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=44&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=ita">ita</a>
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ABoiocchiS170225
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A survivor of the Voghera bombings (informant A)
The informant reminisces about her wartime experiences in the Voghera countryside, at the time when her three brothers where enlisted and it was hard for her parents to run the farm.
She remembers how she narrowly escaped an aircraft trying to machine gun her by covering with a blanket and throwing herself into a ditch, and then describes the 25 August 1944 bombing on Voghera. Narrates how she was at home with her sister in law when the alarm sounded three times, the signal for imminent danger. She dashed outside trying to stop people pilfering fruit at her parent’s farm, as they routinely did during alarms. Recollects the aftermath of the attack, with hundreds of death and injured people and stresses the fact that Voghera was a local railroad hub with a significant military presence, thus a legitimate target. Reports an anecdote of five people died the last day of war, killed by a bomb dropped by Pippo. Describes shelters dug by country people in the ground and protected by hay bales; compares these makeshift solutions with proper shelters in urban areas. Stresses the fact that the bombing war has haunted her for the rest of her life, being still scared by the droning sound of aircraft at night.
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Filippo+Andi">Filippo Andi</a>
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2017-04-19
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00:13:25 audio recording
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AAn00976-170419
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Interview with a survivor of the Voghera bombings (informant B)
The informant recollects his wartime memories in Voghera. Emphasises how bombings, strafing, and Pippo flying at night became part of everyday life and how the population tried to cope. Gives a vivid and detailed account of the August 1944 bombing, which was labelled “terrorist” by many. Narrates how he barely managed to survive it and recollects the unreal contrast between the sunny weather and widespread devastation. Mentions various episodes: helping extricating dead and wounded people from the rubble; draft dodgers; inter-connected cellars and dug-out trenches used as makeshift shelters. Stresses the feeling of resentment and anger harboured towards the dictatorship; enduring the bombings while waiting for the end of the war and the arrival of the Allies. Remembers the first time the street lights were turned on after five years of wartime blackout. Tells of his uncle, a railwayman, pilfering grain. Mentions Brasilian soldiers handing out chocolate at end of the war.
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2017-08-29
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00:29:53 audio recording
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An01183
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Interview with Celestino Chiesa
Celestino Chiesa remembers his wartime memories as a schoolboy in Pavia, while he was attending the Artigianelli boarding school: food shortages; rationing; Pippo bombing at night; machine-gun nests along the Ticino river; a friend joining the Fascist militia; the bombing of Ponte Vecchio and Borgo Ticino. Stresses how the bombing of Pavia started after the 8 September 1943 armistice. Talks of when he was caught in strafing, and how the memory of the event still unsettles him. Retells of an aircraft jettisoning its bomb load before crashing and how he visited the wreckage site later on. Remembers the constant high-pitched sound of the siren. Describes the time spent in the basement, sitting on a sawdust pile, playing with his friends stressing how they weren’t afraid at all. Mentions his mixed feelings about the public display of Mussolini’s body.
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2017-02-10
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This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
00:36:23 audio recording
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AChiesaC170210
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Interview with Carluccio Intropido
Carluccio Intropido recalls his early life as an orphan studying in Pavia at the Artigianelli, a boarding school providing technical training. He recalls that children used to watch aircraft en route to Milan, until Pavia was bombed owing to the strategical value of their bridges. Recalls being caught under a bombing attack during a field trip, narrowly escaping death. Describes an aircraft on Pavia being hit and aircrew bailing out. One injured and captured, while others were spirited away to Switzerland by local people. Describes school children taken to the crash site and recalls an engine stuck atop a mulberry tree and debris scattered all around. Remembers people salvaging items, among them a first aid kit and a leather aircrew cap, the latter being used when the informant was later enlisted as an army despatch rider. Praises aircrew as heroes for refraining to drop bombs on Pavia when the aircraft was hit. Recalls the liberation of the city mentioning Mario Cecchetti - an insurgent manning a clandestine radio station - and two military chaplains hidden inside the school. Stresses how it was liberated in a non-violent way, mainly through ruse and suasion, and downplays the role of partisans. Describes how people taking shelter in a ditch (Tomba dell’acqua negra) were crushed by nearby explosions. Emphasises a light-hearted approach to war, describing hunger was feared more than the bombing. Recounts anecdotes of the ‘Mongols’ billeted at the school, troops captured by the Germans and deployed for anti-partisan operations. Recalls Pippo and describes its regular passages as being so accurate that people could check the clock against it. Emphasises its role as a black-out checker, in the context of curfew regulations but he was not sure if it was an Allied or Axis aircraft. Describes a post-war encounter with a person who claimed to know an alternative version of Mussolini’s death; he was killed during an escape attempt followed by a staged execution the day after.
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2017-01-25
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00:47:21 audio recording
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AIntropidoC170125
PIntropidoC1701
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