Interview with Hubert Draegert
Hubert Draegert remembers his wartime experiences, first in Berlin and then as an evacuee at his uncle’s farm near Wroclaw. He mentions the bombing of the Berlin State Opera and the repeated efforts made to rebuild the gutted building. He remembers the 3 February 1945 bombing, stressing how his neighbourhood was not heavily damaged. He tells of his brother who was drafted as a Luftwaffenhelfer with all his classmates. As a radio operator, his brother listened to the BBC and was therefore always up-to-date on the course of war. Herr Draegert mentions various episodes of his own life as an evacuee: Polish foreign workers; his mother digging trenches as the Russians approached; being reproached by a police officer for spreading defeatist stories at school. He remembers collecting bomb fragments and strips of tinfoil window so as to trade them with other children. He mentions his father working in a Jewish bank before being drafted into the Navy in 1943 and his father's subsequent time as a prisoner of war near Leeds, where he was treated humanely. Hubert Draegert reminisces about the time spent in the shelter with his mum, stressing the sense of safety it provided. He describes the effects of incendiaries on civilians and emphasises how the bombing didn’t turn the population against the regime and were therefore a failure, although factories and transport hubs were, in his eyes, legitimate targets. He describes blackout measures; food rationing; firefighting with domestic implements; and the opportunistic behaviour of civilians. He recollects British soldiers impounding pianos. He reflects on the bombing war, stressing the gap between scholarly interpretations and eyewitness accounts. He emphasises that targets were not always chosen according military priorities but rather the Allies’ post-war agenda.
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2018-02-09
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01:13:00 audio recording
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ADraegertH180209
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Interview with Richard Suchenwirth
Richard Suchenwirth recalls his wartime memories as a Flakhelfer in Pasing, a district of Munich. He tells of his father who was the author of three books on the Luftwaffe, the founder of the Austrian Nazi Party, a political orator and initial supporter of Hitler’s idea of creating a single German state. He remembers being drafted as a Flakhelfer in February 1943 and the pride he took in defending the city even though anti-aircraft fire was ineffective. He mentions the high death toll of the March 1943 bombing raid, in which his house was destroyed, and tells how Russian forced labourers were deployed at his unit. He recollects being liberated by the Americans, with kind black troops handing out chocolate and his father spending three years as a prisoner of war but being treated humanely. He mentions various episodes of his father’s life: having a bust of Hitler which his father used to slap in moments of rage when he would call Hitler a ‘carpet chewer’. He mentions various wartime anecdotes; two aunts who died in different bombing raids; the capture and attempted lynching of an American pilot; food rationing; bartering cigarettes for a typewriter; an incendiary device hitting his house. Richard Suchenwirth describes how his brother, a Wehrmacht soldier on the Eastern front, was taken prisoner by the Americans and then handed over to the Russians.
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2016-07-30
2016-07-31
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This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
00:51:33 audio recording
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ASuchenwirthR160730, ASuchenwirthR160731
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Interview with Helmut Köhler
Helmut Köhler (b. 1928) recalls his wartime experience as Luftwaffenhelfer. He provides a first-hand account of two attacks on Kassel, the first on the 22 October 1943 and the second in March 1944. He describes his time spent inside the air-raid shelter; how he helped extinguish fires; the destruction of schools and the entire old town being razed to the ground. He also discusses everyday life in an anti-aircraft unit, the process of matching skills to roles, training, and anti-aircraft fire. He mentions being posted to a special deployment unit as a punishment for noncompliance, following which he was re-trained on quadruplet anti-aircraft guns at the Eder dam. He briefly talks about the breaching of the Eder dam and the ensuing flood wave. Helmut Köhler recalls Russian and French prisoners of war manning flak batteries. He describes an unexploded bomb in his house on new year’s eve 1944. He stresses that Luftwaffenhelfer freed up soldiers for combat roles and highlights how the replacement ratio was almost 1:1. He mentions his first encounter with American troops in Gudensberg at the end of the war.
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2017-03-03
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This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
00:59:29 audio recording
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AKohlerH170303
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Interview with Brigitte Terboven
World War (1939-1945)
Bombing, Aerial
Brigitte Terboven (b. 1930) recalls the bombing of Essen and the dropping of an air mine by a British bomber which was trying to evade a German night fighter. The bomb hit the ground about 20 meters from her home which collapsed like a house of cards. Remembers the death of four people, including her mother; how she was severely injured, barely survived and kept in the dark about her mother’s death for a week. Describes the attempt to bet in touch with her father with the news of his wife’s death and how he was informed only a week later, coming home on her mother’s birthday. Emphasises wartime hardships: food rationing; daily calories intake dropping from the notional 1200 calories to 600; reduced spaces for obituaries in newspapers.
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2012-09-07
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This content has been originally published on Memoro – Die Bank der Erinnerungen, which has kindly granted the International Bomber Command Centre Digital Archive a royalty-free permission to publish it as an audio track. To see it in its original video form and read the terms and conditions of use, please visit www.memoro.org and then click on the link to the German section. Please note that it was recorded by a third-party organisation which used technical specifications and operational protocols that may differ from those used by International Bomber Command Centre Digital Archive. It has been published here ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre.
00:06:25 audio recording
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Memoro#1031
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