The Guilt
Article. Report on concentration camps recently overrun by allies. Asks who will be held responsible and then lists culprits and questions whether people hold any responsibility. Some discussion of totalitarian states and Nazism. Mentions Versailles treaty and set up of Wiemar republic contribution to rise of Nazis.
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1945-04-22
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Two newspaper cuttings
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SValentineJRM1251404v10125, SValentineJRM1251404v10126
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They're here
Account of British tanks driving into Stalag belt and liberating prisoners. Story of Polish girl in Fallingbostel announcing to prisoners that British tanks were here. Accounts of liberated prisoners.
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1945-04-17
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One newspaper cutting
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SValentineJRM1251404v10122
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One man in his time
Writes of his last operation in a Halifax when his aircraft was shot down and exploded killing all the other members of the crew. Describes journey to camp and being in Frankfurt while it is under bombing attack. Continues with description of life as a prisoner of war in East Prussia and Poland and the people he meets. Writes of forced march back to Germany, escape and recapture near Belsen before linking up with British forces and repatriation. At the beginning are two photographs; first of an airborne Halifax with clouds below, captioned 'Handley-Page Halifax B MkII (RAF*)' . Second a half length portrait of an airman wearing battledress with navigator brevet. Captioned 'Author: Warrant Officer David Griffin (1945)'. On next page are two maps of UK and Northern Europe, captioned 'Referenced Locations' and 'Referenced locations as located within 2017 international borders'.
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102 page printed pages
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BGriffinDAJGriffinDAJv1
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Te Is Mosod Kezeidet?
Roosevelt elnök kijelentette
President Roosevelt, speaking on behalf of the Allies, solemnly promises that all Holocaust perpetrators will be prosecuted. This applies not only to the leaders but to the ranks and file who carried out their orders, in Germany and elsewhere. Those who took part in the deportations of the Jews to Poland are as guilty as concentration camp personnel. Includes a quote by Béla Imrédy claiming that not even a drop of Jewish blood taints the hands of the Hungarian authorities or the the Hungarian people.
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One double-sided printed sheet
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MNealeETH1395951-150731-0050001,
MNealeETH1395951-150731-0050002
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Interview with Eric Wright
Eric Wright in lived in Rotherham at the start of the war. As a school child he says that he did not really understand the implications of it. The family moved to Nottingham and he describes life there, with the air raids and sheltering under the Morrison table shelter in the living room. He recalls one air raid in which his house was damaged, and he had to be rescued but his friend on the other side of the street was killed. After a year they moved to Lincoln where his father became an air raid warden and fire watcher. One night in 1943 his father took him up to the roof of Lincoln Cathedral, from where he saw a German aircraft drop bombs on Lincoln before it was shot down. During an air raid on Sheffield, his mother was seriously injured and subsequently died. Being a child he was not allowed to go to the funeral. Later the family moved Doncaster. He explains that after the close of RAF Skellingthorpe, live ammunition was dumped in the lake at Hartsholme Park. He also describes how they managed to get cordite from cannon shells to make 'scarlet runners', a type of firework they let off in the school playground. After the war, Eric did his National Service with the Royal Artillery. After training in he was posted to a light anti-aircraft unit. During his service he was based in Germany where he helped to clear Belsen Concentration Camp. He became a driver using a variety of vehicles. He also served for five months in Korea, where he was injured.
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2018-04-22
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01:00:30 audio recording
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AWrightE180422
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Interview with Coby Van Riel
Coby Van Riel was a child of about six when the Germans invaded Holland. She lived in a fishing port area of The Hague where her father had a number of jobs to make ends meet in the difficult days before the war and her mother ran a chemist shop. She witnessed the German parachutists landing and the bombing of the area and saw the injuries to the civilian population some of whom went to her mother’s shop for help. When the Germans took over the area the family were forced to move out of their house and give up the shop and they went to live in the cellar of her uncle’s café. She recalls the round-up of civilians sent to forced labour and of the local Jewish population sent to Concentration Camps. She talks about what it was like for civilians to live in the occupation and recalls the time she was asked to carry a secret message in the sole of her shoe. She talks of the Hunger Winter when people began to starve. She lost her uncle to starvation and her parents were very close to death when help finally arrived. She witnessed Operation Manna and expresses her gratitude for the efforts of the RAF. She also recalls seeing V-1 rockets and seeing the damage caused by them.
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2015-08-25
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01:20:26 audio recording
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AVanRielJF150825
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Interview with Ruta Popika
Ruta Popika was born near the river Nemunas, in what was Lithuania before the war. She remembers her family being forced to move eastwards and westwards from Lithuania according to the changing tides of war. Remembers the occupation of the Baltic States by the Russians. Mentions various episodes of her life as a refugee: German women baking bread and handing it out to the refugees fleeing from the Russians; the hanging of Jews; Russian soldiers raping women and being spared because she was Lithuanian. Tells of her 16-year-old brother being taken into the army by the Germans. Tells of American soldiers raping women and being spared because she spoke English. She spent many years in a German transit camp and then moved to Hamburg, where she attended a Lithuanian grammar school. Her parents spent the rest of their lives in German transit camps. Explains how she never had a settled life before she moved to England for work in 1947.
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2018-08-06
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00:25:18 audio recording
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APopikaR180806
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Interview with Thea Coleman
Thea Coleman was born in 1933 in Holland. She experienced the invasion of her country and the increasing restrictions. When walking once with her father they were forced to stand and wait while prisoners were brought out of prison and executed while they were forced to watch. Thea’s family were involved with the Resistance and she was forced to go into hiding with various people until she finally went to live in a Children’s Home. The RAF bombed the Registry in the town and so her father and others were able to change their identities and obtain new documents. The family hid Jewish people. One Jewish woman who was hidden by the family told them she had hidden the Menorah in her garden and to please dig it up if she did not return. She did not return and Thea still has this in her possession as a reminder of horrors of that time. Thea was so hungry that she ate the food from the dog’s bowl in the Children’s Home where she was living. Operation Manna saved her life because she was severely malnourished. When the people thought that Liberation had arrived they gathered at the Dam Square in Amsterdam. German soldiers were hiding on the rooftops and opened fire on the crowd killing and injuring a large number of civilians.
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2017-09-14
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01:47:23 audio recording
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AColemanRE170914
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Letter from John Brittain to his mother
Starts with apology for not writing but has been constantly flying to France to repatriate allied prisoners of war. Mentions typhoid injection to prevent crews catching it from ex-prisoners. Writes that he believes they will stay in UK but rumours of trooping flights to India. Discusses motor car deals undertaken. Catches up with family news and mentions he has had to give up his dog as Group Captain would not let it stay in service accommodation. Writes about meeting French women on local visit to Juvincourt who related experience during occupation. Mentions that they are hoping to get into Reims before long. Says he is enclosing some foreign notes he was given by a prisoner.
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1945-05-27
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Seven page handwritten letter
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EBrittainJTBrittain[Mo]450527
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Interview with Lidia Vendramin
Lidia Vendramin reminisces her childhood in Sacile including details on her primary schooling, family, and town life. Contrasts the public manifestations of joy the day the war was declared, with the shock and dismay of her parents, whose lives had been profoundly affected by the First World War. Describes the first bombings aimed at the railway lines and the subsequent, more severe attacks which targeted the whole town. Reminisces about her life as an evacuee at Nave and provides an account of night bombings on Aviano and Treviso, describing target indicators, flares, and the muffled noise of distant explosions. Stresses her sense of hopelessness, and the difficulty to make sense of meaningless violence and wanton destruction. Claims that parents tried everything to keep their children out of the horrors of war, and stressed how she had to piece together different bits of information to understand the events she had eye-witnessed. Mentions widespread solidarity among co-workers, who rushed to patch up a plant. Describes convoys packed with Jews and Italian prisoners of war en route to Germany and mentions various acts of kindness: women trying to pass food to the prisoners or collecting the notes they dropped on the railway tracks hoping to send news home; railwaymen sabotaging trains. Mentions some anecdotes connected about Pippo and the Resistance. Stressed how the droning sound of aircraft haunted her for years after the end of the war. Having been at the receiving end of the bombing war, it justifies her keen interest in the history of the second world war and human destructivity. Expresses sympathy for the victim of present day conflicts and elaborates on the present state of global politics and society.
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Alessandro+Pesaro">Alessandro Pesaro</a>
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2018-07-17
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01:01:27 audio recording
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=44&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=ita">ita</a>
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AVendraminL180717
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Interview with Jan Black. One
Jan Black flew operations as an air gunner with 300 Squadron. He was badly burned when his aircraft crashed on a training flight and he became a member of the Guinea Pig Club. He underwent ten operations at East Grinstead Hospital. He describes his early life in Poland and Argentina; enlisting; training as an Air Gunner and being was posted to 18 OTU, RAF Bramcote; his plane crash and being burned. Whilst on a return stay at hospital, the crew he had flown with were shot down on a bombing operation. After the end of the War, he spent three years at RAF Andover and then was demobbed at RAF Dunholme Lodge. He talks about the relationships between Poland, Russia, Germany, Austria and England before, during and after the War. He talks about his opinions of Wellingtons and Lancasters and describes his first operation over Europe. He describes his crash landing again. He talks again about his treatment and time in hospital and about his plane crash and mentions Archibald McIndoe. He describes taking photographs of aerial bombings; the German defence of targets and night fighting against Messerschmitt 109s. He talks about shrapnel damage to aircraft; bomb drops; ‘Bomber Harris’; the Holocaust; anti-Semitism; the ‘Uprising in Warsaw’ and the Battle of Britain. He talks about the Munich Agreement and the Yalta Agreement; learning English; his training in identifying aircraft; the bombing of Dresden; his medals; take offs and landings; briefings and morale. He talks about the entertainment they devised, the popular songs, speaking Polish on the intercom when on ops. On D Day was outside Buckingham Palace, dangers over the target, Bomber Commands bombing campaign.
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Tom+Ozel">Tom Ozel</a>
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2016-07-10
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02:31:57 audio recording
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=44&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=eng">eng</a>
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AStangryciukBlackJ160710, PStangryciukBlackJ1701
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Royal+Air+Force">Royal Air Force</a>
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Royal+Air+Force.+Bomber+Command">Royal Air Force. Bomber Command</a>
Interview with Bernie Harris. Two
Bernie Harris joined the Air Training Corps and volunteered for the Royal Air Force, joining in April 1943 and training to become an air gunner. Mentions his father serving in the Royal Flying Corps. Witnessed the London Blitz as a young boy. Describes training and operational flying conditions. Gives a vivid, detailed, first-hand account of Operation Manna. Expresses his view on wartime events, including Chamberlain’s speech, the North African campaign, the Phoney War and the Russian contribution to the Allied victory. Explains why, in his opinion, the Allies decided not to bomb the concentration camps during the war. He was de-mobbed in 1947, after a final posting to Italy with 112 Squadron. After the war he set up his own business leasing vending machines. He later became involved in an association of ex-servicemen who were involved in Operation Manna.
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Tom+Ozel">Tom Ozel</a>
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2016-06-26
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Peter+Schulze">Peter Schulze</a>
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02:19:14 audio recording
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=44&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=eng">eng</a>
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=51&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Sound">Sound</a>
AHarrisB160626
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Royal+Air+Force">Royal Air Force</a>
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Royal+Air+Force.+Bomber+Command">Royal Air Force. Bomber Command</a>
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Civilian">Civilian</a>
Interview with Jack Bell
Jack Bell joined the Royal Australian Air Force as a wireless operator/air gunner and joined 216 Squadron, at Heliopolis, near Cairo. He flew in Valentia and Bombay aircraft in a transport role. On an operation over Libya, his aircraft was shot down by ground fire and he was badly injured. He was transported to Italy, on a hospital ship. He spent time in a prisoner of war camp at Parma and was then transferred to a punishment camp, PG 65 at Gravina. After an escape plot was discovered, he was moved to PG 57 at Grupignano near Udine. When Italy capitulated, Bell was transferred to Stalag IV-B near Mühlberg in Germany. Here he spent the rest of the war. He discusses his experiences of camp life, including smuggling Florence Barrington into the camp as her son was imprisoned there. Jack Bell was repatriated to Great Britain in 1945 and then returned to Australia. He discusses his difficulties of adapting to civilian life.
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Adam+Purcell">Adam Purcell</a>
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2016-01-30
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Hugh+Donnelly">Hugh Donnelly</a>
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00:57:14 audio recording
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ABellJR160130
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Royal+Air+Force">Royal Air Force</a>
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Royal+Australian+Air+Force">Royal Australian Air Force</a>
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Royal+Air+Force.+Transport+Command">Royal Air Force. Transport Command</a>
Interview with Sara Ventriglia
World War (1939-1945)
Bombing, Aerial
Sara Ventriglia, the daughter of a Jewish mother and a Catholic father, recalls her early life in wartime Milan. She describes the alarm being sounded, she and her family getting quickly dressed to reach a nearby shelter. She recollects moments inside the shelter emphasising how unpleasant it was on winter nights and mentions the terrifying sight of a building engulfed in flames. She narrates the trials and tribulations of her Jewish grandmother who was arrested in 1943 when trying to escape to Switzerland, likely to be a Holocaust victim. Speaks with an affection for her grandmother and emphasises how the grief is still alive and present. She describes the trials and tribulations of her Jewish relatives forced to live under false identities, one of them deported to Ravensbruck and the subsequent lives of those who escaped the Holocaust. She recounts how she was questioned by a Fascist militiaman for contravening blackout regulations during curfew. Several different wartime anecdotes: how her father was injured when the train he was travelling on was strafed, draft-dodgers hidden in concealed rooms, and the constant presence of Pippo.
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Sara+Buda">Sara Buda</a>
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=45&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=IBCC+Digital+Archive">IBCC Digital Archive</a>
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=45&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Lapsus.+Laboratorio+di+analisi+storica+del+mondo+contemporaneo">Lapsus. Laboratorio di analisi storica del mondo contemporaneo</a>
2017-07-25
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Greta+Fedele">Greta Fedele</a>
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00:50:12 audio recording
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=44&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=ita">ita</a>
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=51&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Sound">Sound</a>
AVentrigliaV170725
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Civilian">Civilian</a>
Interview with Adriano Landini
World War (1939-1945)
Bombing, Aerial
Adriano Landini (b. 1930) recalls his childhood living in the poor Santa Croce neighbourhood in Reggio Emilia. Describes the profound sense of solidarity in wartime, stressing the community spirit among the so-called "popol giost" (the salt of the Earth). Narrates the role played by local fascist leaders in managing every-day problems, describes wartime hardships and explains the tricks he contrived to survive: stealing wooden posts, trading salt on the black market, pilfering food in cahoots with a railway policeman. Narrates how he broke into a magazine during a curfew, an action that allowed members of the Italian resistance to capture much needed ammunition - for this reason he has been later equated to a fully-fledged partisan. Recollects how he was wounded by a hand grenade while pillaging barracks on the last days of the war. Recalls two bombings and how he took cover in a vast public shelter. The first attack hit the power plant and the second the hospital, both caused many injuries. Stresses he was aware of the difference between night bombing, carried out the Royal Air Force and daylight bombing, which was the preserve of the United States Army Air Force. Hints at the gruesome sight of dismembered corpses and explains his role in the memorisation of the event. Gives a vivid testimony of the pillaging of barracks and fascist headquarters immediately after the fall of the regime. Provides a detailed account of his post war life: first his short-lived career as an athlete, then being employed in a leather factory where he worked his way up from ragged delivery boy to manager. Upon retirement he took an active role in the Associazione nazionale vittime civili di guerra becoming a prominent figure. Stresses the importance of keeping the memory of the Holocaust alive and highlights the differences between civil ethics in Germany and Italy.
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Giulia+Bizzarri">Giulia Bizzarri</a>
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=45&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=IBCC+Digital+Archive">IBCC Digital Archive</a>
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=45&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Istituto+per+la+storia+della+Resistenza+e+della+societ%C3%A0+contemporanea++%28Reggio+Emilia%29">Istituto per la storia della Resistenza e della società contemporanea (Reggio Emilia)</a>
2017-04-14
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01:03:34 audio recording
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=44&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=ita">ita</a>
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=51&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Sound">Sound</a>
ALandiniA170414
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Civilian">Civilian</a>
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Royal+Air+Force.+Bomber+Command">Royal Air Force. Bomber Command</a>
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=United+States+Army+Air+Force">United States Army Air Force</a>
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Royal+Air+Force">Royal Air Force</a>
Interview with Annunciata Buffadossi
World War (1939-1945)
Bombing, Aerial
Annunciata Buffadossi recollects her wartime life in Milan. Annunciata stresses poor-quality housing in a low-class neighbourhood close to potential targets; emphasises how much she feared Germans and Fascists; and speaks with affection of her old house, a block of flats with shared balconies. Describes the effects of fire on her house and recollects how shelter life was like. Contrasts the boldness of her mother with the behaviour of her father, who was easily frightened in spite of his role as warden. Annunciata stresses her own care-free attitude, explaining how day bombings were welcomed as opportunities to skip school tests, and night attacks regarded as an annoyance rather than a serious menace. Mentions her brief evacuee experience which ended in 1943, when the bombing war intensified and the family resolved to face the danger together in Milan. Describes aircraft flying over Lake Maggiore, and how children tried to guess their target. Describes subterfuges to get food in spite of rationing, and mentions many war-related anecdotes: reprisals and post-war revenge, a draft dodger hiding in a concealed room for years, and military internees. Mentions Eugenio Bussa, one of the Righteous Among the Nations, explaining his benevolent activities, as well as his role as helpers of partisans and Jews. Tells many anecdotes of her relatives, especially in connection with the Duchess of Sartirana and her charitable activities. Describes Pippo as an aircraft piloted by an Italian American, who relied on information passed to him by helpers. Describes Americans as generally hated for the bombing of cities and killing innocent people. Links the bombing war with Italy’s change of allegiance and recognises the contribution of the allied after the end of the conflict.
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Zeno+Gaiaschi">Zeno Gaiaschi</a>
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<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=45&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Lapsus.+Laboratorio+di+analisi+storica+del+mondo+contemporaneo">Lapsus. Laboratorio di analisi storica del mondo contemporaneo</a>
2017-05-28
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Peter+Schulze">Peter Schulze</a>
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01:19:20 audio recording
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=44&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=ita">ita</a>
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ABuffadossiA170528
PBuffadossiA1701
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Interview with Maurizio Ghiretti
World War (1939-1945)
Bombing, Aerial
Maurizio Ghiretti describes his early life at Monticelli Terme, a small town near Parma. He remembers various episodes of wartime hardships: food shortages, a tree taken down at night for firewood, men hiding in concealed rooms to avoid roundups, and how his father and other men escaped capture because they were forewarned by a German soldier. Describes how they ran for shelter in a nearby ditch covered by bushes, and how they passed the time there. Explains the perception of bombings among civilians, stressing how they were generally seen as the price to pay for being liberated. Mentions the effects of different operations on various cities in the Po river valley and describes bright target indicators descending on nearby bridges. Recounts hearing a siren which, in his uncle’s words, sounded like a donkey braying. Recounts of Jewish women and children being guarded in a hotel before being sent to the Fossoli concentration camp. Remembers various anecdotes of Allied prisoners of war, some working as farmhands, others building the first sewage system. Stresses how his parents never kept him in the dark about the war situation and he was always abreast of what was going on, to the point that even the children took political sides. Describes the fall of the fascist regime mentioning propaganda murals being desecrated with faeces. Recounts the end of the war when cheering crowds welcomed the Allies by waving hawthorn brushes at them, which reminded him of Palm Sunday. Mentions briefly the post-war political situation.
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Sara+Buda">Sara Buda</a>
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<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=45&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Lapsus.+Laboratorio+di+analisi+storica+del+mondo+contemporaneo">Lapsus. Laboratorio di analisi storica del mondo contemporaneo</a>
2017-05-07
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Peter+Schulze">Peter Schulze</a>
This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
00:38:57 audio recording
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=44&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=ita">ita</a>
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AGhirettiM170507
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Interview with Adriana Ventriglia
World War (1939-1945)
Bombing, Aerial
Adriana Ventriglia remembers the bombings of Milan. She provides details about her evacuee life in the Lodi countryside and describes how her father was injured in a train strafing. Mentions her early life in a mixed family, the impact on anti-Semitic laws, and how her grandmother was deported, never to return. Recalls life under the bombs, civil defence precautions and the atmosphere inside a shelter. Stresses how her parents tried to spare her as much hardship as possible and describes war as a relatively care-free period. Mentions Pippo and describes how her sister tried to cope with its menacing presence.
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<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=45&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Lapsus.+Laboratorio+di+analisi+storica+del+mondo+contemporaneo">Lapsus. Laboratorio di analisi storica del mondo contemporaneo</a>
2017-05-07
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Peter+Schulze">Peter Schulze</a>
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00:15:50 audio recording
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=44&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=ita">ita</a>
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AVentrigliaA170507
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Prisoners of the San Sabba Concentration Camp being brutalised
World War (1939-1945)
Prisoners kept in the Risiera di San Sabba Concentration Camp are brutalised by German soldiers. Some men are chained to the support columns with manacles, whilst others lie on the ground. In the background a group is pulling a cart with bodies loaded on it. A group of civilians is visible on the right hand side of the picture, some dressed in blue and white striped clothing with a yellow Star of David badge. A group of men in uniform is featured prominently in the foreground, one of them holding a whip.
Label reads “141”; signed by the author; caption reads “TRIESTE, RISIERA di S. SABBA, Dicembre 1943 – Agosto 1944. (I) Unico Lager di sterminio Nazista operante in Italia, per il 3o Reich Trieste e il litorale adriatico di Reiner era “Adriatisches Kusterland [Adriatisches Kustenland], e a salvaguardia di esso, erano dei feroci aguzzini “Gruppenfhurer und Generaleutenant der polizei [Gruppenführer und Generalleutnant der Polizei] Globocnik, Joseph Oberhauser. Capitano Kalzl Werner Dubois, Dietrich Allers, Otto Stadic il boia della Risiera, Enric Gley, sottufficiale Konrad Geng, Corrado Klen. Il commando “Durhganas und polizei-lager, rastrellave gli ebrei si impossessava dei loro beni, li concentrava alla Risiera, per avviarli in Germania. Ma la maggior parte 3000 vittime, sono state soppresse con il sistema, “Treblinka durch-motorenabgase” [Treblinka durch-motorabgase] cioè gassazione con lo scarico di motori a nafta, con gli ebrei c’erano politici e partigiani italiani, e jugoslavi, i loro corpi finivano nei forni, poi le ossa e le ceneri disperse nel mare li vicino.”
Caption translates as: “Trieste, San Sabba rice husking mill – December 1943-August 1944. (1) The only Nazi extermination camp in Italy, operating for the Third Reich in the Operational Zone of the Adriatic Littoral led by Friedrich Rainer. Ferocious jailors were tasked to defend it: Josef Oberhauser, Gruppenführer and general lieutenant of Globocnik’s police; captain Karl Werner Dubois; Dietrich Allers; Otto Stadie, the rice husking mill executioner; Enric Gley; Konrad Geng, petty officer; and Corrado Klen. The command of the “Durchgangs- und Polizeilager” (transit camps and police barracks) was mopping up Jews and seized of their properties, incarcerated them at the rice husking mill before dispatching them to Germany. The majority - 3,000 people - were gassed using with exhaust fumes from diesel engines. This method was used in the Treblinka extermination camp (“Treblinka durch die Abgase des Motors”). Together with the Jews were Italian and Yugoslav political prisoners and partisans. Their corpses were thrown in the ovens; their bones and ashes were scattered in the nearby sea.”
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Angiolino+Filiputti">Angiolino Filiputti</a>
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=45&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=IBCC+Digital+Archive">IBCC Digital Archive</a>
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Alessandro+Pesaro">Alessandro Pesaro</a>
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Francesca+Campani">Francesca Campani</a>
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Helen+Durham">Helen Durham</a>
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Giulia+Banti">Giulia Banti</a>
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Maureen+Clarke">Maureen Clarke</a>
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One tempera on paper, pasted on mount board
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=44&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=ita">ita</a>
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PFilliputtiA16010127
Interview with Rosanna Giungi
World War (1939-1945)
Bombing, Aerial
Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)
Rosanna Giungi (b. 1933) describes how Pippo disrupted daily life in wartime, affecting especially those close to the Modena-Brennero and Modena-Verona railway lines. Reminisces the sight of Germany-bound trains packed with people desperately asking for food and water, and stressed the role of local women in helping them.
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=45&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=IBCC+Digital+Archive">IBCC Digital Archive</a>
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=45&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Memoro.+La+banca+della+memoria">Memoro. La banca della memoria</a>
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Francesca+Campani">Francesca Campani</a>
This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
00:02:20 audio recording
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=44&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=ita">ita</a>
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Memoro#10449
Bergen-Belsen concentration camp
World War (1939-1945)
Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)
Prisoners are visible behind barbed wire, wearing blue and white striped clothes and black shoes. A German soldier is guarding them, armed with a rifle. There are two huts. The white building has a large chimney with black smoke billowing out of it. The men look emaciated. One man is lying on the ground.
Label reads “109”; signed by the author; caption reads “Maggio 1944. Belsen orrenda! Erano ancora su questa terra oppure avevano superato senza accorgersi il confine tra la vita e la morte, ed erano capitati nella cupa città delle larve e degli spettri in un immane e repellente formicaio umano dove i vivi erano frammisti ai morti.”
Caption translates as: “May 1944. Horrible Belsen! Were they still in the same place of our, or did they cross the threshold between life and death without even noticing it? They ended up in the gloomy city of shadows and ghosts, in a dreadful and repulsive human anthill where the living commingled with the dead.”
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Angiolino+Filiputti">Angiolino Filiputti</a>
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=45&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=IBCC+Digital+Archive">IBCC Digital Archive</a>
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Francesca+Campani">Francesca Campani</a>
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Alessandro+Pesaro">Alessandro Pesaro</a>
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Helen+Durham">Helen Durham</a>
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Giulia+Banti">Giulia Banti</a>
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Maureen+Clarke">Maureen Clarke</a>
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One tempera on paper, pasted on mount board
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=44&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=ita">ita</a>
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PFilliputtiA16010051
Babi Yar Massacre
World War (1939-1945)
Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)
A mass execution of Jews is taking place whilst fierce fires are burning in the background. To the front of the crowd, many have been killed and are lying on the ground. Others are being herded into the mass of people being killed, some holding up their arms. Blood covers many of the figures. Nine figures dressed in green uniforms are in a line in front of the crowd. Four are firing their guns, whilst the others are loading or aiming their guns. In the left foreground, four figures dressed in blue shorts and white shirts are visible. One figure has his arm in a sling. In the right foreground stands a person in blue and white striped clothing, with a yellow Star of David badge on the right lapel. In the central foreground, a large square stone stands on a plinth, with writing engraved on the facing side.
Label reads “37”; signed by the author; caption reads “29 SETTEMBRE 1941 KIEV BABY YAR, dove i nazisti uccisero piu di 100.000 ebrei. Il poeta russo Jevtuscenco scrisse: su Babi Yar sussurrano le erbe selvagge - gli alberi stanno a guardare severi come giudici - tutto silenziosamente quì grida. Jlia Ehenburg nel 1944 aveva scritto: io sento come da ogni fossa - mi state chiamando - non ci sforziamo ad alzarci – con le ossa bussiamo la - dove odorano di pane e profumi - le citta ancora vive. Nel burrone di Baby Yar avevano mandato soltanto gli ebrei, la popolazione Ucraina e russa li vide passare, incollonnati la sera stessa. Ancora Ehenburg: in questo ghetto non arriva gente - la gente c’era, là nelle fosse in un posto qualsiasi dove addesso scorrono i giorni – noi non aspettiamo risposta, siamo soli. Dalla montagna di cadaveri, qualcuno si salvò, Dina Promiceva [Dina Pronicheva], zingari, perfino una squadra di calcio che nonostante la intimazione del commando Tedesco avevano stravinto un paio di incontri amichevoli. Pioppi e saline, e l’erba alta di Baby Yar custodiscono ancora oggi i resti della strage, un masso di granito li ricorda, sul sasso stà scritto: qui verrà edificato un monumento dei crimini fascisti nel tempo dell‘occupazione tedesca di Kiev - 1941-43 gente sovietica ma ebrei perche portavano la stella di Davide.”
Caption translates as: “29 September 1941 Kiev, Baby Yar, where the Nazis killed more than 100,000 Jews. The Russian poet Yevtushenko wrote: “Wild grasses rustle over Babi Yar - The trees look sternly, as if passing judgement - Here, silently, all screams”. In 1944, Ilya Ehrenburg wrote: “Your screams my ears assault in rushes
From every pit their echoes mount. Our strength we’ll gather, then ascending with rattling bones we’ll start to knock — Where breath, with bread and fragrance blending, The cities where still people flock”.
The Nazis only sent Jewish people to the ravine of Baby Yar. That same night, Ukrainian and Russian people saw them passing in columns. Ehrenburg again: “no one arrives in this ghetto – people were there, in the ditches – in a place like any other where, now, days go by – we are not waiting for an answer, we are alone”. Someone survived from the heap of corpses; Dina Pronicheva, gypsies, even a football team that, despite the order of the German headquarters, triumphed in a couple of non-competitive matches. Poplars and salt marshes, and the tall grass in Baby Yar still look after the relics of the massacre. A granite rock remembers them, it reads: “here a monument, remembering the fascist crimes during the German occupation of Kiev will be built - 1941-1943. They were Soviet people, but Jews because they wore the Star of David.”
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Angiolino+Filiputti">Angiolino Filiputti</a>
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=45&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=IBCC+Digital+Archive">IBCC Digital Archive</a>
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Francesca+Campani">Francesca Campani</a>
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Alessandro+Pesaro">Alessandro Pesaro</a>
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Helen+Durham">Helen Durham</a>
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Giulia+Banti">Giulia Banti</a>
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Maureen+Clarke">Maureen Clarke</a>
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One tempera on paper, pasted on mount board
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=44&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=ita">ita</a>
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PFilliputtiA16010021
Interview with Dirk Bosch
World War (1939-1945)
Great Britain. Royal Air Force. Bomber Command
Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)
Dirk Bosch was eight years old when the German army occupied his home town of Amsterdam. In this interview he describes what life was like for him during this time. He refers to seeing Dutch Jews rounded up and deported. He describes the hunger of the time and the effort to find food by travelling to the countryside and hoping for help from the farmers. He also speaks about the dangers he faced while taking illegal newspapers to a neighbour. He describes the sound of the Lancaster bomber aircraft flying overhead at night. He also describes Operation Manna.
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Mike+Connock">Mike Connock</a>
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2015-07-30
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Julie+Williams">Julie Williams</a>
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Heather+Hughes">Heather Hughes</a>
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01:16:00 audio recording
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=44&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=eng">eng</a>
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=51&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Sound">Sound</a>
ABoschD150730
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Civilian">Civilian</a>