Interview with Christoph Wagner Brausewetter
World War (1939-1945)
Bombing, Aerial
Christoph Wagner Brausewetter (b. 1929) recounts the hardships civilians endured inside a shelter, the risks involved and the fact they spent there more time there than at home. Maintains that the worst year was 1943, when aircraft were no longer able to take off and Germany lost its air supremacy. Mentions his neighbour Field Marshal Erhard Milch and how his mother got acquainted with Goering’s wife. Tells of how a bomb splinter nearly missed his baby brother and how this triggered a religious epiphany. Describes moments of humour when, waiting for the next bombing, they wondered if something had happened to the bomber crews. Narrates how he was fascinated by the searchlights forming a cross when coning an enemy aircraft and the moment he stumbled upon the shrunken corpse of an allied pilot in the Grünwald forest.
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This content has been originally published on Memoro – Die Bank der Erinnerungen, which has kindly granted the International Bomber Command Centre Digital Archive a royalty-free permission to publish it as an audio track. To see it in its original video form and read the terms and conditions of use, please visit www.memoro.org and then click on the link to the German section. Please note that it was recorded by a third-party organisation which used technical specifications and operational protocols that may differ from those used by International Bomber Command Centre Digital Archive. It has been published here ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre.
00:08:12 audio recording
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Memoro#1546
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This stone was unlaid at Wilhelmshaven by 97 Sqdn
Cartoon of Hitler and Goering
Aiming Point Certificate
Cartoons of Hitler and Goering standing by stone with message. Goering is holding a candle in a candle holder. The light reveals a message ‘ This stone was unlaid at Wilhelmshaven by 97 Sqdn W/O Cullinane, F/Sgt Quinn, P/O Ballantyne, Sgt Archer, F/Sgt Elwood, Sgt Hebdon, Sgt Jordan ON 14/15.9.42. Overhead a Lancaster flies by. On the reverse ‘W/C Cullinane Pilot, F/S Quinn Navigator, Sgt Archer Flight Engineer, P/O Ballantyne Bomb Aimer, F/Sgt Ellwood Wireless OP, Sgt Jordan Mid-Upper Gunner, Sgt Hebdon Rear Gunner’.
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One card
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PArcherSW1609, PArcherSW1610
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Refuelling Lancaster R5868 S-Sugar
Shows the front of Lancaster R5868 S-Sugar and inboard engines with bomb doors open. Letter 'S' on the nose, eight full rows of operations symbols, and the quote attributed to Hermann Goering 'No enemy plane will fly over the Reich territory'. One airman is working on the bomb aimer's cupola and two on top of the port inner wing. In front of the aircraft is a petrol bowser with hose going up to one of the men on the port wing. The hose is attended by an airman in white coat standing on the ground behind the bowser.
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One b/w photograph
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PHughesAM15010002
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Fuhrer Worte! (Leaders' words)
Propaganda leaflet aimed at the German-speaking population.
On one side, this leaflet repeats promises from Nazi leaders about Germany's clear air superiority. On the reverse are quotations from Allied leaders about the justice that Germans can expect if they actively renounce the Nazi regime. The Allied leaders also promise punishment for proven Nazi criminals.
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Two sides of a printed sheet
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SCavalierRG1264567v10013-0001, SCavalierRG1264567v10013-0002
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Wer hat gesagt...
Propaganda leaflet aimed at German population asking who said Germany would never be bombed. On the reverse are several images of Goering and the names of six cities already bombed.
'Wer hat gesagt –
“Vor allem werde ich
Dafur sorgen, dass der feind
Keine Bomben werfen kann.”'.
On the reverse
'Warschau
Rotterdam
Belgrad
Lubeck
Rostock
Koln'.
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Two sides of a printed sheet
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SCavalierRG1264567v10022-0001, SCavalierRG1264567v10022-0002
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Interview with Adolph Galland
General Adolph Galland remembers his early life and subsequent career as a Luftwaffe pilot. Recounts various episodes: flying gliders as a young boy; changes in Luftwaffe fighting tactics during the Spanish civil war; the Luftwaffe refraining from engaging Fighter Command as to bomb London; arguments he had with Herman Göring and other high-ranking officers over the conduct of war. Explains how the Allies day and night operation strategy forced the Luftwaffe to build up a night-fighter force, previously non-existing. Tells of his brothers and their military careers. Remembers his encounter with Group Captain Douglas Bader. Compares technical performance of German and British aircraft, particularly Fw 190, Me 262 and Spitfire. Discusses the downsides of the planned 162 aircraft. Remembers the struggles to turf wars to rebuild the Luftwaffe at the end of both World Wars.
This item is available only at the International Bomber Command Centre / University of Lincoln.
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This content is a transcription of a video interview taped by a third party. It is available here as derivative work under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
Transcription of 01:55:40 audio recording
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VGallandAJF[Date]
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Royal+Air+Force">Royal Air Force</a>
<a href="/omeka/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=38&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Royal+Air+Force.+Bomber+Command">Royal Air Force. Bomber Command</a>
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This stone was unlaid at Dusseldorf by 9 SQDN
Cartoon of Hitler and Goering
Aiming Point Certificate
Cartoon with two figures, both German officers. One is holding a candle, looking at an inscribed stone in ruined landscape. At the top in a dark sky a four engines bomber flying away in the distance. On the stone are the names of Denis Clyde-Smith's crew and that it was unlaid at Dusseldorf by 9 Squadron on 10/11 September 1942.
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This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
One cartoon drawing
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PClydeSmithD1606
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Interview with Stuart Stephenson MBE
Stuart was five when war broke out and recounts some of his early memories.
In the early 1970s the Lancaster PA474 was flown to RAF Waddington from RAF Henlow ostensibly to be a gate guardian. In 1973 the Lincolnshire Echo announced that it was to be moved to RAF Coltishall. A group gradually formed to oppose the move because of the Lancaster’s connections to Waddington; the Lincolnshire Lancaster Committee. A public meeting was held and the City Council agreed to adopt the Lancaster. The Lancaster moved to RAF Coltishall. The committee collected over 17,000 signatures in 15 weeks and eventually the Lancaster returned to RAF Coningsby.
The committee became Lincolnshire’s Lancaster Association so funds could be raised. While Stuart was Chair for c. 36 years, £½ million was donated to projects, including the digitisation of manuals.
Stuart describes how unfairly he felt Bomber Command and Sir Arthur Harris were treated.
Stuart lists a large number of people he has met, received letters or signatures from.
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2016-03-15
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02:16:01 audio recording
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AStephensonS160315
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Propaganda Leaflet G37
A leaflet, in German dropped by the RAF. It has photographs on the front of Goering. On the reverse are comments and questions.
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One colour leaflet
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MBowkerDG[Ser#-DoB]-151216-010001,
MBowkerDG[Ser#-DoB]-151216-010002
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This stone was unlaid at Dusseldorf by 50 Sqdn
Cartoon of Hitler and Goering
Aiming Point Certificate
A cartoon with image of destroyed building and large stone with inscription saying: “This stone was unlaid at Dusseldorf by 50 Sqdn, followed by names of crew (F/O Calvert, P/O Sears, Sgt Gray, Sgt Branch, Sgt Austin, Sgt Cruickshank, Sgt Connor) on 10/11th Sept. 1942'. Two figures (Hitler and Goering) are looking at the inscription and a Lancaster flies overhead.
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B/w artwork
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PCruickshankG1502-0007
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This stone was unlaid at Bremen by 50 Sqdn
Cartoon of Hitler and Goering
Aiming Point Certificate
A cartoon with image of destroyed building and large stone with inscription saying: 'This stone was unlaid at Bremen by 50 Sqdn, followed by names of crew (F/O Calvert, P/O Sears, Sgt Gray, Sgt Branch, Sgt Austin, Sgt Cruickshanks[sic], Sgt Conner) on 13/14 Sept. 1942'. Two figures (Hitler and Goering) look at the inscription and a Lancaster flies overhead.
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B/w artwork
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PCruickshankG1502-0008
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This stone was unlaid at Wilhelmshaven by 50 Sqdn
Cartoon of Hitler and Goering
Aiming Point Certificate
A cartoon with image of destroyed building and large stone with inscription saying: 'This stone was unlaid at Wilhelmshaven by 50 Sqdn, followed by names of crew (F/O Calvert, P/O Sears, Sgt Gray, Sgt Branch, Sgt Austin, Sgt Cruickshank, Sgt Conner) on 14/15.9.42'. Two figures (Hitler and Goering) look at the inscription and a Lancaster flies overhead.
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B/w artwork
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PCruickshankG1502-0009
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This stone was unlaid at Duisburg by 50 Sqdn
Aiming Point Certificate
Cartoon of Hitler and Goering
A cartoon with image of destroyed building and large stone with inscription saying: 'This stone was unlaid at Duisburg by 50 Sqdn, followed by names of crew (F/O Calvert, F/Sgt Stevens, Sgt Gray, Sgt Branch, Sgt Austin, Sgt Cruickshank, Sgt Conner) on 6/7. 9.42'. Two figures (Hitler and Goering) look at the inscription and a Lancaster flies overhead.
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B/w artwork
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PCruickshankG1502-0010
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Nachrichten für die Truppe
No. 375, Friday 27th April 1945
Reichsmarschall Hermann Göring resigns as Supreme Commander of the Luftwaffe for health reasons. His replacement is [Robert Ritter] von Greim. Setbacks described in multiple locations: lower Oder; northern Italy; several places in south, with American tanks 50km from Munich; German-Swiss border from Basle to Lake Constance; Sudentenland and the Protectorate; Soviets advancing on heart of Berlin where resistance faltering with access to limited reinforcements. Ceasefire proposal rejected from Papal Nuncio in Berlin to end civilian deaths and evacuate women and children from food shortages and widespread dysentery. 2,405,435 men surrendered since start of invasion. Five generals surrendered in the west.
Anniversary of [14 April 1939] President Roosevelt’s letter to German Reich Chancellor, seeking declaration from Hitler that he had no intention of entering war of aggression. Hitler saw it as weakness and now there is destruction everywhere. Need to save what can be re-built. Contrasting quotations from [Carl von] Clausewitz’s ‘Vom Krieg’ [Of War] and Hitler’s ‘Mein Kampf’. Last three weeks’ events listed.
Reichsleiter Martin Bormann to succeed as Führer, having consolidated Nazi leadership in Party Chancellery. Photograph of aircraft factory found by Americans in abandoned salt mine in Egeln. Diplomats abandoning the Reich. Major-General Erdmann, accused by authorities, of going against party orders, to issue letters of protection to save I.G. Farbenindustrie in Leverkusen and other large industries in the west of the Reich. Lufthansa A.G., national airline, acquired by Party Chancellery to have long flights at its disposal. Senior posts reshuffled as a result. Entire Lake Constance Flotilla surrenders. 1,152 V2s fell on British soil, 2,754 people killed and 6,523 injured.
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1945-04-27
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Two printed sheets
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SHookerFJ1805487v10028,
SHookerFJ1805487v10029
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We raid Berlin twice in a day
Article headlines: 'We raid Berlin twice in a day', Goering is "Blown Off the Air" by RAF, explosions heard over wireless, only one bomber missing. Recounts two daylight attacks on Berlin on 10th anniversary of Nazi Germany. Operation carried out by Mosquito.
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1943-01-31
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One newspaper cutting mounted on a scrapbook page
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SValentineJRM1251404v10055
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The Kriegie December 2005
News-sheet of the RAF ex-POW Association. This edition covers the 60th anniversary of VE day, Great Escapes at the Imperial War Museum, requests for help, Obituaries, Sixtieth anniversary of the Great Escape, Recco report on ex-POWs, Kriegies help RAF apprentices, Mystery tour of Munich article, The Collector article about a POW who repeatedly visited the crash site of his Halifax, Return to Sagan, the Long March revisited, plus photographs and sketches of POW life.
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2005-12
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16 printed sheets
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MCurnockRM1815605-171114-016
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Ex-RCAF The Camp Jan 1990
News-sheet of the ex-Air Force POW Association. This edition covers POW's in Perpetuity, the Red Cross, a new memorial at Plymouth Hoe, Geoof Taylor -author, advance notice of a reunion in Vancouver, lost members, ex-POW histories, Obituaries, a message from the President, Gen from around the circuit and photographs from the 1989 Ottawa reunion.
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1990-01
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16 printed sheets
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MCurnockRM1815605-171114-018
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Propaganda Leaflet
Dies ist nicht euer Kampf
This is not your struggle. A leaflet produced for the USAAF and RAF.
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One printed sheet
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MAutonJ[Ser#-DoB]-170119-09
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Le Courrier de l'air
Capitulation near Stalingrad of Field Marshall Von Paulus on 30 January 1943 and General Streicher on 2 February 1943. Defeated Sixth Army comprised 330,000 men. General Giraud, High Commissioner in North Africa, working closely with General De Gaulle, Great Britain and United States. Descriptions of progress in North Africa. Churchill meets President Inönü of Turkey, agreeing how Britain and United States could help provide material support.
René Massigli, French Ambassador, arrives in London and meets General De Gaulle and Anthony Eden. Admiral Doenitz replaces Admiral Raeder as Commander in Chief of Germany navy. Formerly Commander in Chief of the submarine fleet. Air operations on number of sites involved with submarines or their production (Copenhagen, Wilhelmshaven, Dusseldorf, Lorient and Hamburg). Huge cost to the Romanians of collaboration rather than resistance.
Goering’s speech in Berlin, marking Hitler’s 10th anniversary, delayed by over an hour due to Mosquito air strike. Russian advancement against armies south of Rostov and Donetz’s armies. RAF’s operations listed for January 1943.
Diary of merchant navy officer: 35 days spent with 14 of his men in lifeboat after torpedo attack. Defence of shipping routes by RAF and Royal Navy. American, British and French actions following Casablanca conference.
Delivered by the Royal Air Force
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1943-02-04
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Four page newspaper with b/w photographs
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SNewtonJL742570v10011
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Räumungsplan für die deutschen Besatzungstruppen in Griechenland und Albanien
Evacuation map for German occupation forces in Greece and Albania, highlighting an area which cannot be evacuated.
Leaflet, distributed by RAF and USAAF, mocks Hermann Göring’s quotation (19th July 1940) in which he praises their good fortune in being Adolf Hitler’s followers. It asserts they have been abandoned like those in Stalingrad and Sevastopol and will be left behind if Greece and Albania are evacuated. Their route home is through liberation.
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Two page printed document
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MPerkinsFWJ1143173-150917-02
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This stone was unlaid at Dusseldorf by 106 Sqdn
Aiming Point Certificate
Cartoon of Hitler and Goering
Cartoon with two men standing in front of a stone inscribed with names. In the background bombed buildings. Above a four engine bomber. Submitted with description 'Photo of a cartoon of Hitler and Goering standing in front of bomb damaged stone with the inscription "This stone was unlaid at Dusseldorf by 106 Sqdn. F/Lt Whammond, F/Sgt McClelland, Sgt Parsons, S/Ldr Howell, Sgt Clarke, Sgt Hanson and Sgt Sutton on 10/11 Sep 1942'.
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1942-09-10
1942-09-11
This content is property of the Royal Air Force Metheringham Airfield Visitor Centre which has kindly granted the International Bomber Command Centre Digital Archive a royalty-free permission to publish it. Please note that it was digitised by a third-party which used technical specifications that may differ from those used by International Bomber Command Centre Digital Archive. It has been published here ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre.
One b/w photograph of artwork mounted on an album page
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PFOMetheringhamAF19040047
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500 Day Bombers Pound Vienna as Stuttgart Burns
A newspaper cutting with reports on USAAF and RAF operations. On the reverse is general news.
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1944-07-27
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One double sided newspaper cutting
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NRobertsEJH170712-020001, NRobertsEJH170712-020002
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My POW Days - Postscript
Reg starts with a page about the Caterpillar Club then describes his life after the war. Over the years he had many reunions and he undertook research regarding the four crew members who died the night they were shot down. In 2001 he and 90 or so ex-prisoners of war went on a tour of German war graves, Stalag IVB and Colditz.
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2005-03
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19 printed sheets
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MWilsonRC1389401-170113-100002
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Goring Hears Fate First
The front page of the Daily Mail newspaper with news of the Nuremberg trial . It includes a photograph of 18 of the 21 accused.
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1946-10-01
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One printed sheet
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NHayhurstJM170725-03
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The Radio War Waged by the RAF Against Germany 1940-1945
A thesis written by Peter in 2002, for his Phd.
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2002-07
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80 printed sheets
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MLovattP1821369-190903-62-01
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