1
25
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https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/files/original/177/11659/MBattyPH220759-161014-040002.1.jpg
867d779e8c4e58617270e39e2046f848
https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/files/original/177/11659/MBattyPH220759-161014-040001.2.jpg
1aea05a7cbe33731dea52fa7be948e63
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Batty, Philip
Phil Batty
P Batty
Description
An account of the resource
19 Items. The collection consists of one oral history interview with Philip Batty (b. 1925). He discusses the death of his older brother Dennis early in the Second World War, his wartime service with 50 Squadron at RAF Sturgate as a wireless operator/ air gunner, and his long post war career. The collection also includes a number of group photographs of airmen after training, photographs of aircraft in southern Africa, his log book and propaganda material.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
IBCC Digital Archive
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2016-10-14
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
Batty, P
Transcribed document
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading.
Transcription
Text transcribed from audio recording or document
[underlined] Das ist das Ende: [/underlined]
Patton über den Rhein südlich Mainz
[/underlined] MONTGOMERY ERZWINGT
ÜBERGANG ÜBER NIEDERRHEIN
Amerikaner vernichten 7. Armee
und 1. Panzer-Armee
Pfalz und Saargebiet überrannt
Über 1 100 000 Gefangene
seit der Invasion
[italic] Bleibt am Leben! [/italic]
[page break]
[3 crests]
DEUTSCHLANDS ZUKUNFT
Roosevelt erläutert die Beschlüsse der Krim-Konferenz
Die nachstehenden Erklärungen über Deutschlands Zukunft stammen aus dem Bericht dem Präsident Roosevelt am 1, März 1945 dem amerikanischen Kongress erstattete. Er behandelte darin die Beschlüsse, die von den Vereinigten Staaten, Grossbritannien und der Sowjet-Union auf der Konferenz in Yalta getroffen würden.
„ Wir werden in unseren Anstrengungen nicht einen Augenblick nachlassen bis zur bedingungslosen Kapitulation des Gegners. Das deutsche Volk und de deutschen Soldaten müssen sich darüber klar sein: Je eher sie den Kampf einstellen und die Waffen strecken – sei es in Gruppen oder als Einzelne – desto eher werden ihre gegenwärtigen Leiden vorüber sein. Und weiter muss sich das deutsche Volk darüber klar sein: Nur duren restlose Kapitulation kann es den Anfang damit machen, wieder ein Volk zu werden, das die Welt als gesittete Nachbarn anerkennt. Wir haben es in Yalta eindeutig ausgesprochen, und ich wiederhole es jetzt noch einmal:
[underlined]
Bedingungslose Kapitulation bedeutet nicht die Vernichtung oder Versklavung des deutschen Volkes.
[/underlined]
Diesen Teil der Yalta-Erklärung hat die nationalsozialistische Führung dem deutschen Volk in Presse und Rundfunk bewusst vorenthalten. Die Nazi-Führer wollen dem deutschen Volk weismachen, die Yalta-Erklärung bedeute Versklavung und Vernichtung des deutschen Volkes. Denn auf diese Weise hoffen die Nazis ihre eigene Haut zu retten, durch diese Täuschung wollen sie das deutsche Volk zu weiterem, nutzlosem Widerstand antreiben.“
Roosevelt über die Bedeutung des Begriffs „Bedingungslose Kapitulation“.
„Aber wir haben auf der Yalta-Konferenz keinen Zweifel darüber gelassen, was bedingungslose Kapitulation für Deutschland bedeutet. Kapitulation bedeutet: Zeitweilige Überwachung Deutschlands durch Grossbritannien, Russland, Frankreich und die Vereinigten Staaten. Eine Kontroll-Kommission, bestehend aus den Vertretern der vier Weltmächte mit dem Sitz in Berlin, wird die Verwaltung der vier Besetzungs-Zonen koordinieren.
Bedingungslose Kapitulation bedeutet ferner das Ende des Nationalsozialismus und der NSDAP mit all ihren barbarischen Gesetzen und Einrichtungen. Bedingungslose
[page break]
Kapitulation bedeutet das Ende aller militaristischen Einflüsse im öffentlichen, privaten und kulturellen Leben Deutschlands.
Für die nationalsozialistischen Kriegsverbrecher bedeutet bedingungslose Kapitulation schnelle, gerechte und empfindliche Bestrafung. Kapitulation bedeutet auch die völlige Entwaffnung Deutschlands, die entgültige Beseitigung des deutschen Militarismus, die Vernichtung allen deutschen Kriegsgeräts, das Ende der deutschen Rüstungsindustrie, die Demobilisierung aller deutschen Streitkräfte und die entgültige Auflösung des deutschen Generalstabs, der so oft den Frieden der Welt erschüttert hat. Den von ihm angerichteten Schaden wird Deutschland in Sachleistungen gutmachen müssen – durch Auslieferung von Industrie-Anlagen, industrieller Ausrüstung, rollendem Material und Rohstoffen.
Wir werden nicht wieder, wie nach dem vorigen Krieg, in den Fehler verfallen, Wiedergutmachung in Geldleistungen zu verlangen, die Deutschland niemals aufbringen kann. Wir wollen nicht, dass das deutsche Volk Hunger leidet oder eine Last für die übrige Welt wird. Die Absicht, die uns bei der Politik gegenüber Deutschland leitet, lässt sich in wenige Worte zusammen fassen: Wir wollen kommenden Generationen den Frieden sichern.“
[line]
Roosevelt über die Aufrechterhaltung des Weltfriedens.
„ Die Krim-Konferenz war eine erfolgreiche Aktion der drei führenden Nationen, um eine gemeinsame Basis für den Frieden zu schaffen. Sie bedeutetet das Ende das Systems der einseitigen Aktionen, der exklusiven Bündnisse, der Interessensphären, der Gleichgewichtspolitik und aller anderen Experimente, die in den letzten Jahrhunderten versucht wurden - und fehlgeschlagen haben.
Wir beabsichtigen statt dieser Systeme eine Weltorganisation zu schaffen, in die allmählich alle friedliebenden Nationen eintreten können. Ich bin zuversichtlich, dass der Kongress und das amerikanische Volk die Ergebnisse der Konferenz gutheissen werden, als eine Basis für den Frieden, auf der Zukunft, in der unsere Kinder und Kindeskinder – die Kinder und Kindeskinder von uns allen, vor der ganzen Welt – leben werden.“
[line]
Der Bericht Präsident Roosevelts wurde vom amerikanischen Kongress mit überwältigender Stimmenmehrheit gutgeheissen und angenommen.
[pencil characters] WG 49A
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Deutschlands Zukunft
Roosevelt erläutert die Beschlüsse der Krim-Konferenz
Description
An account of the resource
Reports that the American Army has crossed the Rhine near Mainz and provides a summary of President Roosevelt’s report to the American Congress on the Yalta Conference: the need for Germany’s unconditional surrender; the nature of Germany’s post war supervision by the four major powers; the end of National Socialism and military influence in German public life; the prosecution of war criminals; the destruction of Germany’s capacity for war; the nature of reparations; the creation of an international organisation to promote world peace.
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
One printed sheet
Language
A language of the resource
deu
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
MBattyPH220759-161014-040001
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
Germany
Ukraine
Germany--Mainz (Rhineland-Palatinate)
Ukraine--I︠A︡lta
Rhine River
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
IBCC Digital Archive
Temporal Coverage
Temporal characteristics of the resource.
1945-02
1945-03
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Frances Grundy
propaganda
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano (1882-1945)
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
Ukraine--I︠A︡lta
Title
A name given to the resource
I︠A︡lta [place]
Yalta
Description
An account of the resource
This page is an entry point for a place. Please use the links below to see all relevant documents available in the Archive.
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https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/files/original/1368/23113/PThomasAF20050044.2.jpg
f8f40716b1e0d4efc903737be0c257e2
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Thomas, Arthur Froude. Album 4
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
IBCC Digital Archive
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2020-02-11
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
Thomas, AF
Description
An account of the resource
42 items. An album containing photographs of 149 Squadron aircraft and personnel as well as pictures taken in 1946 of some of the bomb damage to German cities.
Transcribed document
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading.
Transcription
Text transcribed from audio recording or document
[photograph]
297 Squadron R.A.F. [indecipherable word] 1947.
[indecipherable word] L to R. P/O [indecipherable letters and name] D.F.C. D.F.M.
F/Lt. J. [indecipherable name], W/O Rowlands, F/O Price,
F/Lt [indecipherable name] D.F.C., F/Lt Downing,
P/O [indecipherable name], F/O [indecipherable name], F/Lt ?,
P/O Staves, P/O Powell, F/O [indecipherable name].
[page break]
[inserted] D/TELEGRAPH. 1/10/91 [/inserted]
Dresden protest over ‘Bomber’ statue
By Robin Gedye in Bonn and Jenny Rees
DRESDEN’S Lord Mayor appealed to the British Ambassador to Germany yesterday to press for the scrapping of plans to erect a statue in London of Sir Arthur “Bomber” Harris, who masterminded wartime air raids.
Officials in other German cities which suffered bomb damage have also protested at plans to put up the statue in the Strand next year.
A spokesman for the German Foreign Ministry said it had “no position” on the honouring of a man known in Germany as “Butcher Harris”, and did not wish to become involved.
Herr Herbert Wagner, Lord Mayor of Dresden, said the memorial did not belong in the Europe of 1992. “I do not wish to mitigate Germany’s war guilt, but Harris’s carpet bombing against civilians was not militarily justifiable.”
He said that on Sir Arthur’s orders, Dresden, Würzburg and Pforzheim, bombed in the last months of the war, were turned into “skeleton cities”, with the loss of 35,000 lives over two nights in Dresden, and 20,000 lives over several days in Pforzheim.
A campaign to lobby the British Embassy was started by the mayors of Würzburg and Pforzheim, who appealed in letters to Sir Christopher Mallaby, British Ambassador, to help stop the erection of the memorial “in the name of countless victims of bombing attacks against civilians”.
The £100,000 statue was commissioned by the Bomber Command Association, and the money raised by its members and those of the RAF Air Crew Association. It is to be unveiled by the Queen Mother next May and will stand opposite an existing statue of Lord Dowding, wartime commander of Fighter Command, outside the RAF Church, St Clement Danes.
Group Captain Ken Batchelor, 77, chairman of the Bomber Command Association, which has 7,500 members, said yesterday: “Quite frankly, why does Dresden think they were the only people bombed during the war? What about our own towns and cities, such as Coventry?
“It is sheer ignorance to suggest that this is honouring retaliation. We are not erecting this statue to glorify war, for the members of our association are the ones who never want to see war again.
“It was not a question of retaliation. The Ruhr was full of armaments and industry from one end to another, and we had to bomb urban areas, with Dresden as the focal point, to destroy the German war potential. We were fighting for our survival.”
Gp Capt Batchelor said the erection of a statue of Sir Arthur was “long overdue”. It was intended to be a memorial to the 55,000 air crew of Bomber Command who died.
He added: “We regarded Sir Arthur as a forthright commander, who was carrying out the orders of the British War Cabinet. We want this memorial to him because the post-war government denied him his peerage, and we were denied our campaign medal.”
[Photograph]
Sir Arthur: Germans called him ‘Butcher’
[New article]
“General Sir Arthur Harris”
Dear Sir, 6th April 1982
I would like to say what should have been said many years ago. Thank you from the bottom of my heart for giving me courage and hope after we had suffered the devastation of the ‘May Blitz. Bombed out, no light or water in the house, windows broken, shelter useless, our family evacuated to Blackpool but there was no telephone out of Liverpool, no postal service and no direct railways working. We went to the Cinema and heard you on the newsreel giving your sympathy and promising that what we had had would be as a little zephyr to that which you would inflict on the enemy. The tears rained down my face and my despair vanished, I said to my husband, at least someone cares. After that my courage never flagged. Mr. Churchill’s blood, sweat and tears didn’t affect me, but your words I have never forgotten although I am now 83 and my husband 84. Thank you once again.
E. A. McKnight (Mrs.) Great Crosby.”
Ed: Such was the boost to civilian morale in the darker, hopeless days of war.
[New article]
[inserted] DAILY TELEGRAPH. 2/10/91 [/inserted]
Remembering Bomber H
THE PLAN to erect a statue of Sir Arthur “Bomber” Harris, wartime C-in-C of Bomber Command, outside the RAF church of St Clement Danes in the Strand has incurred the wrath of the Lord Mayor of Dresden, who has appealed for the project to be abandoned. Herr Herbert Wagner’s view may command some sympathy even in Britain, among those who today regard the RAF’s strategic bombing offensive against Germany as a serious blunder or even a war crime. Yet it would be ironic if Sir Arthur, by any standards a notable wartime commander, were to be denied a public memorial, while Whitehall, for instance, remains dominated by equestrian statues of Earl Haig and that 19th-century military booby the Duke of Cambridge.
Sir Arthur was not the architect of “area” bombing. Churchill, Lord Cherwell, Sir Charles Portal and others embarked upon the air offensive when Britain possessed no other means of carrying the war to Germany. Sir Arthur was appointed to execute the policy, and did so with extraordinary, even obsessive, single-mindedness. If his superiors judged that he exceeded his orders, it was in their power, and was indeed their duty, to remove him. This was never done.
Although Dresden featured prominently on Sir Arthur’s target lists in February 1945, it was Churchill, rather than Bomber Command’s C-in-C, whose concern to impress the Russians before Yalta precipitated the devastating attack.
Just as killing British civilians in the Blitz did not break Britain’s will to fight, so killing or “de-housing” far larger numbers of German civilians did not break that of Germany. But it is not good enough, half a century later, to seek to equate, for example, the mass murders in Germany’s concentration camps with the RAF’s bombing of Germany. There was no doubt then, and there remains none today, of the strategic military purpose that underpinned the bomber offensive, however uncertain its achievement.
Sir Arthur was tough, even ruthless; but also a formidable leader of great forces. He passionately believed that his men’s efforts were bringing Germany to defeat. He deserves to be commemorated, not least for the satisfaction of his surviving aircrew, who revere his memory, and whose courage and sacrifice were beyond praise. The Lord Mayor of Dresden may be forgiven for uttering sentiments that might be expected of his office. But he should not be heeded.
[New article]
[inserted] 2/10/91 [/inserted] Bombing was justified
SIR – While appreciating the feelings that have prompted the Lord Mayor of Dresden to call for the plans for a statue of Air Chief Marshal Sir Arthur Harris to be dropped (report, Oct. 1), I am afraid that he does not realise the context in which the bombing offensive was launched.
The decision was a political one made by the War Cabinet and backed by the Americans. Without it there would have been no re-entry into Europe in 1944.
Back in 1940 Europe was conquered. The British Army had been defeated. The Royal Navy could only just keep the crucial Atlantic lifeline open; it could not conceivably blockade Germany which, with access to all the raw materials he wanted, Hitler was building into an impregnable fortress. The war had to be carried to Germany, and the bomber was the only means available.
As a result of the vast quantity of resources and manpower diverted to the defence of Germany – 900,000 men for searchlights and ack-ack alone – it acted as the equivalent of a second front from 1941. Most important of all, together with the U.S. 8th Air Force, the bomber offensive forced the Luftwaffe to come up and fight – leading to its final defeat.
When the Normandy invasion began, there was not one German aircraft over the beach. Had their bombers been there, I doubt it would have succeeded.
Of the 55 million lives lost in the war, 35 million were those of civilians. The bomber offensive accounted for about 500,000. Every day that the war lasted, an average of 10,000 innocent men, women and children were exterminated by Hitler in his concentration camps; and as it progressed, that extermination programme accelerated, a very different story from Dunkirk.
Inevitably, in a life and death struggle of such magnitude, mistakes are made. One of them, in my view, was Dresden. But it was a mistake made in good faith, because it was based on intelligence reports, some of which proved to be false. The city lay only 50 miles from the advancing Russians, who had asked for maximum bombing along the whole line.
At the same time the appearance of the German jet Me.262 signalled to us that the tide of the air war could be turned if it were produced in large numbers, and brought an added sense of urgency to finish the war as quickly as possible, in Germany’s true interests as well as that of the Allies. Had we not returned to Europe in June 1944, I shudder to think what would have been.
All the same, everyone in Bomber Command regrets the mistakes and wishes, to this day, that some other means of prising open Fortress Europe could have been found.
Group Captain the Lord CHESHIRE
London SW1
[inserted] D/TELEGRAPH [/inserted]
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Four Newspaper cuttings
Description
An account of the resource
Item 1 refers to a protest from Dresden over a statue to Sir Arthur Harris.
Item 2 is a letter thanking Sir Arthur Harris from a couple bombed out of their home in Liverpool.
Item 3 is an article titled 'Remembering Bomber H'.
Item 4 is a letter from Group Captain Lord Cheshire arguing the bombing was justified.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Daily Telegraph
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1991-10
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Four newspaper cuttings on an album page
Language
A language of the resource
eng
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
PThomasAF20050044
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Royal Air Force
Royal Air Force. Bomber Command
United States Army Air Force
Wehrmacht. Luftwaffe
British Army
Royal Navy
Royal Air Force. Fighter Command
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
Germany--Dresden
Ukraine--I︠A︡lta
Great Britain
England--Liverpool
England--Coventry
Germany
Ukraine
England--Lancashire
England--Warwickshire
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
IBCC Digital Archive
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
Temporal Coverage
Temporal characteristics of the resource.
1991-10
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
David Bloomfield
Anne-Marie Watson
bombing
bombing of Dresden (13 - 15 February 1945)
Cheshire, Geoffrey Leonard (1917-1992)
Churchill, Winston (1874-1965)
Harris, Arthur Travers (1892-1984)
perception of bombing war
Portal, Charles (1893-1971)
searchlight