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https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/files/original/2067/34118/BFranceAMStimpsonMCv1.2.pdf
f0ed0aa35f635faae6cf52796ddc629a
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Stimpson, Maurice Cecil
Description
An account of the resource
124 items. The collection concerns Flight Lieutenant Maurice Cecil Stimpson DFC (1921 - 1944, 155249 Royal Air Force) and contains his log books, photographs, documents, and pennants. He flew operations as a pilot with 156 Squadron and was killed 15 February 1944. <br /><br />The collection has been donated to the IBCC Digital Archive by Tony France and catalogued by Barry Hunter. <br /><br />Additional information on Maurice Cecil Stimpson is available via the <a href="https://losses.internationalbcc.co.uk/loss/226992/">IBCC Loses Database.</a>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2019-09-22
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
IBCC Digital Archive
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
Stimpson,
Transcribed document
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading.
Transcription
Text transcribed from audio recording or document
[underlined] This is the time line for the life of Flt Lt Maurice Cecil Stimpson
(08-09-1921 / 15-02-1944) Service Number 155249 Log book No. 68466. [/underlined]
08-09-1929 [sic] Born in Harrow Middlesex
Parents Harry Stimpson and Nellie Louisa Stimpson (nee Titbbit.
Living at Parkfield Lodge, Headstone Lane, Hertfordshire.
Attended Headstone Lane School now known as Nower Hill School Pinner.
There is now a Wooden Monument to Maurice. (Not sure yet when this was created and who paid for it.) It was rededicated by the RAF on Friday the 9th of November 1984.
Attended by Maurice Sister also Nellie Louisa France (Nee Stimpson born 09-03-1915 and passing 24-04-1986 and her surviving son Tony France born 10-03-1948.
There is no date for Maurice starting or finishing at Headstone Lane School yet.
Mr. Nagle current liaison with Nower Hill has been asked if he can provide this information.
01-09-41 joined RAF almost twenty.
01-09-41 / 04-10-41 LONDON A.C.R.C. (Number 1 Aircrew Receiving Centre, that was a receiving centre for new RAF recruits, in Lords Cricket Ground in London between 1941 and 1944.)
04-10-41 / 16-12-41 SCARBOROUGH 10 I.T.W. (The six week training programme at the ITW was designed to improve discipline, physical fitness and mental alertness and provide a sound basic knowledge of the Royal Air force.)
17-12-41 / 07-01-42 PERTH E.F.T.S. (With the outbreak of war the RFS became No 16 Elementary Flying Training School (EFTS) and the head of Air Schools was re-commissioned as an RAF Officer. ... If they were considered suitable they were posted to begin their training at an RAF Elementary Flying Training School to fly light aircraft.)
Diary comment Flying duel Tiger Moth D.H. 82 7hrs 55minutes
14-01-42 / 01-02-42 MANCHESTER P.D.C. (The Professional Development Center (PDC) provides resources and tools needed to become self-motivated, competent, highly skilled leaders and followers)
01-02-42 / 13-02-42 Chateau Therry [sic] Ship from Greenock to New Brunswick.
Chateau Thierry (AP-31) was built in 1921 and served with the Army until transferred to the Navy on 15 July 1941. 1941 – The ship was transferred to the Navy on 15 July and was commissioned on 6 August.
13-02-42 / 23-02-42 Moncton CANADA 31 P.D.C.
25-02-42 / 29-03-42 Turner Field U.S.A. (Construction of the base and airfield, named Air Corps Advanced Flying School, Albany by the United States Army Corps of Engineers began on 25 March 1941.
Diary Comment Flying P.T.17
29-03-42 / 02-06-42 PRIMARY DARR AREO TECH U.S.A. The 29th Flying Training Wing is an inactive United States Air Force unit. It was last assigned to the Western Flying
[page break]
Training Command, and was disbanded on 16 June 1946 at Napier Field, Alabama. The wing controlled World War II Phase One primary flying training units of the Army Air Forces Training Command. Headquarters at Moody Field, Georgia for most of its operational service, it controlled contract civilian-operated pilot schools primarily in the Southeastern United States.
02-06-42 / 05-08-42 BASIC MACON GA U.S.A On August 17, 1941, the first class of British Royal Air Force cadets arrived at Cochran Field. Until June 1942, Cochran was used exclusively for British training. Liaison was maintained between the RAF and the Army Air Force through a Royal Air Force Administrative Officer. British cadets differed significantly from American cadets. Firstly, British physical requirements were much lower than for American cadets. The British were either from 17 to 21 years of age or over 27 years old. Many of the older cadets, married with children, worried about their families back home. The giving of tactical training and attendant discipline, along American lines and pursuant to traditional American policy, concerned and irritated the British cadets. They believed that if they had to be trained in the U.S.A., they should be subject to British discipline and be taught British tactics – the Americans should handle flight training only. In addition, unlike American cadets who grew up operating a farm tractor or automobile, the most complicated device operated by the average British cadet was a bicycle. Some training bases reportedly taught British cadets how to operate a motorcycle before attempting any flight training. The last British cadets completed training in the U.S.A. in March 1943.
05-08-42 /09-10-42 ADVANCED VALDOSTA GA U.S.A These facilities were home to nine school squadrons and three base squadrons that supported a maximum capacity of about 4,100 personnel. The initial group of 140 military personnel arrived at Moody on November 25, 1941. Although the $11.5 million construction of Moody Field would not be officially completed until June 1942, the first class of 50 U.S.A. Army Air Corps Aviation Cadets arrived Feb. 19, 1942. By the spring of 1942 the personnel at Moody numbered 3,000 enlisted, 350 officers, 450 flying cadets, and 20 nurses.
09-10-42 GRADUATED
12-10-42 / 27-10-42 MONCTON CANADA P.D.C
27-10-42 / 06-10-42 Possibly travelled home on the Chateau Therry Ship from New Brunswick to Greenock. The ship name has been deleted form[sic] the personal diary.
Boarded the ship on the 27th set sail at 10.00 hours on the 30th anchored on the 4th of November in thick fog delayed disembarkation left ship on the 5th at 15.00. Marvellous reception by the people. Train journey home arrived at 04.00 having started travelling at 09.00 the day before.
05-11-42 / 15-12-42 P.R.C. HARROGATE
15-12-42 / 27-12-42 6.P.A.F.U. LITTLE RISSINGTON
27-12-42 / 18-02-43 6.P.A.F.U WINDRUSH
[page break]
18-02-43 / 01/03/43 1517 B.A.T.CHIPPINGWARDEN
01.03.43 / 30-03-43. 6. P.A.F.U. WINDRUSH
30-03-43 /17-06-43 30. O.T.U. HIXON / 30. O.T.U. SEIGHFORD
07-06-43 MADE PILOT OFFICER BACKDATED FROM 11-09-43.
22-06-43 / 09-07-43 1662 CON. UNIT LINDHOLME
09-07-43 / 17-07-43 1662 CON. UNIT BLYTON
[underlined] 23-07-43 156 SQUADRON OPERATIONAL [/underlined]
24-07-43 HAMBERG, Lancaster ED990
CREW Leonard Overton. Bomb aimer, Clements Navigator, John Arcari wireless, Thomas Cable Flight Eng, D. Davies second Nav, Fredrick Sunderland Air Gun, Alfred Barnett Air Gun, Maurice Stimpson 2nd Pilot.
27-07-43 HAMBERG, Lancaster ED990
CREW Leonard Overton. Bomb aimer, Clements Navigator, John Arcari wireless, Thomas Cable Flight Eng, D Davies second Nav, Fredrick Sunderland Air Gun, Alfred Barnett Air Gun, Maurice Stimpson 2nd Pilot. (This entree was not on the 156 squadron list but is recorded in red in the log book)
02-08-43 HAMBERG Lancaster W4950
CREW Pilot Maurice Stimpson, Bomb aimer Johny Jackson, Navigator, Harold Robinson Wireless Walter Catchpole, Flight Eng Joe Gurton, Up Gunner Bill Smith, R Gunner Roy Dutton. Comment Returned Icing
17-08-43 PEENEMUNDE Lancaster JA697
CREW Pilot Maurice Stimpson, Bomb aimer Johny Jackson, Navigator, Harold Robinson, Wireless Walter Catchpole, Flight Eng Joe Gurton, Up Gunner Bill Smith, R Gunner Roy Dutton.
22-08-43 LEVERKAUSEN Lancaster JA674
CREW Pilot Maurice Stimpson, Bomb aimer Johny Jackson, Navigator, Harold Robinson, Wireless Walter Catchpole, Flight Eng Joe Gurton, Up Gunner Bill Smith, R Gunner Roy Dutton.
23-08-43 BERLIN Lancaster JA921
CREW Pilot Maurice Stimpson, Bomb aimer Johny Jackson, Navigator, Harold Robinson, Wireless Walter Catchpole, Flight Eng Joe Gurton, Up Gunner Bill Smith, R Gunner Roy Dutton. Comment Returned early.
27-08-43 NUMBERG Lancaster JA674
CREW Pilot Maurice Stimpson, Bomb aimer Johny Jackson, Navigator, Harold Robinson Wireless Walter Catchpole, Flight Eng Joe Gurton, Up Gunner Bill Smith, R Gunner Roy Dutton. Comment Landed Tangmere shortage of Petrol.
[page break]
31-08-43 BERLIN Lancaster JA674
CREW Pilot Maurice Stimpson, Bomb aimer Johny Jackson, Navigator, Harold Robinson Wireless Walter Catchpole, Flight Eng Joe Gurton, Up Gunner Bill Smith, R Gunner Roy Dutton.
03-09-43 BERLIN Lancaster EE173
CREW Pilot Maurice Stimpson, Bomb aimer Johny Jackson, Navigator, Harold Robinson Wireless Walter Catchpole, Flight Eng Joe Gurton, Up Gunner Bill Smith, R Gunner Roy Dutton.
05-09-43 MANNHEIM LANCASTER EE173
CREW Pilot Maurice Stimpson, Bomb aimer Johny Jackson, Navigator, Harold Robinson Wireless Walter Catchpole, Flight Eng Joe Gurton, Up Gunner Bill Smith, R Gunner Roy Dutton. Comment combat with E/A 109.
06-09-43 MUNICH Lancaster EE173
CREW Pilot Maurice Stimpson, Bomb aimer Johny Jackson, Navigator, Harold Robinson Wireless Walter Catchpole, Flight Eng Joe Gurton, Up Gunner Bill Smith, R Gunner Roy Dutton. Comment 1st Marker.
16-09-43 MODANE Lancaster EE173
CREW Pilot Maurice Stimpson, Bomb aimer Johny Jackson, Navigator, Harold Robinson Wireless Walter Catchpole, Flight Eng Joe Gurton, Up Gunner Bill Smith, R Gunner Roy Dutton.
29-09-43 BOCHUM Lancaster JA912
CREW Pilot Maurice Stimpson, Bomb aimer Johny Jackson, Navigator, Harold Robinson Wireless Walter Catchpole, Flight Eng Harry Toon, Up Gunner Bill Smith, R Gunner Roy Dutton.
04-10-43 FRANKFURT Lancaster JA975
CREW Pilot Maurice Stimpson, Bomb aimer Johny Jackson, Navigator, Harold Robinson Wireless Walter Catchpole, Flight Eng Joe Gurton, Up Gunner Bill Smith, R Gunner Roy Dutton.
07-10-43 STUTTGART Lancaster JA912
CREW Pilot Maurice Stimpson, Bomb aimer Johny Jackson, Navigator, Harold Robinson Wireless Walter Catchpole, Flight Eng Joe Gurton, Up Gunner Bill Smith, R Gunner Roy Dutton.
8-10-43 BREMEN Lancaster JA912 CREW Pilot Maurice Stimpson, Bomb aimer Johny Jackson, Navigator, Harold Robinson
Wireless Walter Catchpole, Flight Eng Joe Gurton, Up Gunner Bill Smith, R Gunner Roy Dutton.
29-10-43 PATH FINDERS BADGE
[page break]
29-10-43 FLIGHT LIEUTENANT BACK DATED FROM 01-11-43
22-10-43 Frankfurt Lancaster JA912
CREW Pilot Maurice Stimpson, Bomb aimer Johny Jackson, Navigator, Harold Robinson Wireless Walter Catchpole, Flight Eng Joe Gurton, Up Gunner Bill Smith, R Gunner Roy Dutton.
10-11-43 MODANE Lancaster JB113
CREW Pilot Maurice Stimpson, Bomb aimer Johny Jackson, Navigator, Harold Robinson Wireless Walter Catchpole, Flight Eng Joe Gurton, Up Gunner Bill Smith, R Gunner Roy Dutton.
[underlined] 29-10-43 Pilot Officer M.C. Stimpson (155249) AWARD OF PATHFINDERS BADGE [/underlined]
17-11-43 MANNHEIM Lancaster JA912
CREW Pilot Maurice Stimpson, Bomb aimer Johny Jackson, Navigator, Harold Robinson Wireless Walter Catchpole, Flight Eng Joe Gurton, Up Gunner Bill Smith, R Gunner Roy Dutton.
22-11-43 BERLIN Lancaster JB228
CREW Pilot Maurice Stimpson, Bomb aimer Johny Jackson, Navigator, Harold Robinson Wireless Walter Catchpole, Flight Eng Joe Gurton, Up Gunner Bill Smith, R Gunner Roy Dutton.
23-11-43 BERLIN Lancaster JA674
CREW Pilot Maurice Stimpson, Bomb aimer Johny Jackson, Navigator, Harold Robinson Wireless Walter Catchpole, Flight Eng Joe Gurton, Up Gunner Bill Smith, R Gunner Roy Dutton.
26-11-43 BERLIN Lancaster JB228
CREW Pilot Maurice Stimpson, Bomb aimer Johny Jackson, Navigator, Harold Robinson Wireless Walter Catchpole, Flight Eng Joe Gurton, Up Gunner A N J Hinds, R Gunner Roy Dutton.
02-12-43 BERLIN Lancaster JB228
CREW Pilot Maurice Stimpson, Bomb aimer Johny Jackson, Navigator, W Coyne Wireless Walter Catchpole, Flight Eng Joe Gurton, Up Gunner Bill Smith, R Gunner Roy Dutton.
03-12-43 LEIPZIG Lancaster JB228
CREW Pilot Maurice Stimpson, Bomb aimer Johny Jackson, Navigator, W Coyne Wireless Walter Catchpole, Flight Eng Joe Gurton, Up Gunner Bill Smith, R Gunner Roy Dutton.
16-12-43 BERLIN Lancaster JB228
CREW Pilot Maurice Stimpson, Bomb aimer Johny Jackson, Navigator, R Hill Wireless Walter Catchpole, Flight Eng Joe Gurton, Up Gunner Bill Smith, R Gunner Roy Dutton.
20-12-43 MANNHEIM Lancaster JB223
[page break]
CREW Pilot Maurice Stimpson, Bomb aimer Johny Jackson, Navigator, R Hill Wireless Walter Catchpole, Flight Eng Joe Gurton, Up Gunner Bill Smith, R Gunner Roy Dutton.
23-12-43 BERLIN Lancaster JB228
CREW Pilot Maurice Stimpson, Bomb aimer Johny Jackson, Navigator, R Hill Wireless Walter Catchpole, Flight Eng Joe Gurton, Up Gunner Bill Smith, R Gunner Roy Dutton.
29-12-43 BERLIN Lancaster JA925
CREW Pilot Maurice Stimpson, Bomb aimer Johny Jackson, Navigator, R Hill Wireless Walter Catchpole, Flight Eng Joe Gurton, Up Gunner Bill Smith, R Gunner Roy Dutton.
01-01-44 BERLIN Lancaster JB228
CREW Pilot Maurice Stimpson, Bomb aimer Johny Jackson, Navigator, R Hill Wireless Walter Catchpole, Flight Eng Joe Gurton, Up Gunner Bill Smith, R Gunner Roy Dutton.
02-01-44 BERLIN Lancaster JB228
CREW Pilot Maurice Stimpson, Bomb aimer Johny Jackson, Navigator, R Hill Wireless Walter Catchpole, Flight Eng Joe Gurton, Up Gunner Bill Smith, R Gunner Roy Dutton.
05-01-44 BERLIN Lancaster JB228
CREW Pilot Maurice Stimpson, Bomb aimer Johny Jackson, Navigator, John Wright Wireless Walter Catchpole, Flight Eng Joe Gurton, Up Gunner Bill Smith, R Gunner Roy Dutton.
27-01-44 BERLIN Lancaster JB226
CREW Pilot Maurice Stimpson, Bomb aimer Johny Jackson, Navigator, R Hill Wireless Walter Catchpole, Flight Eng Joe Gurton, Up Gunner Bill Smith, R Gunner Roy Dutton.
28-01-44 AWARDED THE D.F.C.
28-01-44 BERLIN Lancaster ND453
CREW Pilot Maurice Stimpson, Bomb aimer Johny Jackson, Navigator, John Wright Wireless Walter Catchpole, Flight Eng Joe Gurton, Up Gunner Bill Smith, R Gunner Roy Dutton.
30-01-44 BERLIN Lancaster ND504
CREW Pilot Maurice Stimpson, Bomb aimer Johny Jackson, Navigator, John Wright Wireless Walter Catchpole, Flight Eng Joe Gurton, Up Gunner Bill Smith, R Gunner Roy Dutton.
[page break]
10-02-44 PRESENTED TO THE KING AND QUEEN AT WARBOYS. Recorded in personal diary and the occasion is detailed on page 94 in the book The Pathfinders (picture of the King and Queen)
10-02-44 Gentleman's evening Pinner with the Colne Valley Electrical Company. Presentation of a cheque and mug for being awarded the D.F.C. Also picture of the evening and paper report. (Maurice's employer before joining up.) Recorded in personal diary.
14-02-44 Went to picture with Hunts, Joe, Johny and I went to see Crash Dive by Tyrone Power. Quite good. (Last diary entry)
15-02-44 Last letter he wrote home was to Marion (Not sure who this lady was but many letters were sent to Marion)
15-02-44 BERLIN Lancaster ND504
CREW Pilot Maurice Stimpson, Bomb aimer Johny Jackson, Navigator, John Wright Wireless Walter Catchpole, Flight Eng Joe Gurton, Up Gunner Bill Smith, R Gunner Roy Dutton.
[underlined] COMMENT: FAILED TO RETURN [/underlined]
[underlined] Personal details of some of the crew. [/underlined]
Bill Smith – 24 Fore Street Seaton Devon.
Roy Dutton – 136 Arabella Street Cardiff.
Joe Gurton – 44 Mountgrove Road Highbury, London.
Walter Catchpole – 294 Beccles Road Lowestoft (Possibly Oulton Broad after Beccles Road)
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
A Biography of Maurice Stimpson
Description
An account of the resource
A biography of Maurice covering his birth in 1921 to his death in February 1944.
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
Great Britain
England--Harrow
England--London
England--Scarborough
Scotland--Perth
England--Manchester
Canada
New Brunswick--Moncton
United States
Georgia--Albany
Georgia--Valdosta
Georgia--Macon
England--Harrogate
Germany--Hamburg
Germany--Peenemünde
Germany--Leverkusen
Germany--Berlin
Germany--Nuremberg
Germany--Mannheim
Germany--Munich
France--Modane
Germany--Bochum
Germany--Frankfurt am Main
Germany--Stuttgart
Germany--Bremen
Germany--Leipzig
France
Georgia
New Brunswick
Germany
Germany--Ruhr (Region)
England--Lancashire
England--Yorkshire
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
IBCC Digital Archive
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Royal Air Force
Royal Air Force. Bomber Command
Language
A language of the resource
eng
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Text. Personal research
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
BFranceAMStimpsonMCv1
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Seven typewritten sheets
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Sue Smith
156 Squadron
1662 HCU
30 OTU
Advanced Flying Unit
aircrew
bombing of Hamburg (24-31 July 1943)
Bombing of Peenemünde (17/18 August 1943)
Distinguished Flying Cross
Flying Training School
Heavy Conversion Unit
Initial Training Wing
killed in action
Lancaster
Operational Training Unit
Pathfinders
pilot
RAF Blyton
RAF Chipping Warden
RAF Hixon
RAF Lindholme
RAF Little Rissington
RAF Seighford
RAF Warboys
RAF Windrush
training
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Gallop, Roy
R Gallop
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
IBCC Digital Archive
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2017-05-21
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
Gallup, R
Description
An account of the resource
Nine items. The collection concerns Sergeant Roy Gallop (171215 Royal Air Force) and contains a year book for Cochran Field 1942, documents and photographs.
The collection has been donated to the IBCC Digital Archive by Mike Coster and catalogued by Barry Hunter.
Transcribed document
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading.
Transcription
Text transcribed from audio recording or document
Display in Room as Directed
ABSENCE CARD
(see par. 202, Aviation Cadet Orders)
ON LIMITS. (This entry is defined in Aviation Cadet Orders and on the reverse side and will be made during Call to Quarters when no other entry is accurate).
AVIATION CADET OFFICER OF THE DAY.
AVIATION CADET IN CHARGE OF QUARTERS.
HOSPITAL.
SPECIAL PASS OR FURLOUGH.
OPEN POST. (This entry will be removed or changed immediately upon returning from open post privileges.)
I certify that the above entry is correct.
R. Gallop (Signature)
LAC. GALLOP. R. (Name Typed or Printed)
Aviation Cadet adet
Squadron B Class (GRADE) 42J
TURNER FIELD.
AVIATION CADET Form No. 33 S E A C T C.
[page break]
ON LIMITS DEFINED
(See Sect. 8, Call To Quarters, and Sect. 18, Limits, Aviation Cadet Orders)
"On Limits" for the lower class shall include the following:
1. Class formations or duties scheduled or ordered by proper authority.
2. Barber shop as authorized.
3. Latrine or drinking fountain.
4. Squadron bulletin board.
5. Link Trainer when scheduled.
6. Night flying when scheduled.
7. Office of the A.C.O.D. for a proper purpose.
8. Phone booth to answer a call.
9. Another room in barracks for the purpose of study and academic coaching only.
10. Authorized committee meeting.
11. Tactical Officer's Conference Room.
12. Wherever ordered by an officer or member of the aviation cadet guard.
"ON LIMITS" for the upper classes shall include all the above plus the following:
1. Bowling alley.
2. Night flying even though not scheduled to fly.
3. Post Exchange for authorized purpose.
4. Swimming pool in season.
5. Tennis courts.
6. First show at Post Theater. [sic]
For definition of upper and lower classmen, see Par 10.02, Aviation Cadet Orders.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Absence Card
Description
An account of the resource
A card defining cadets limits, on the reverse and cadet officer of the day, cadet in charge of quarters, hospital, special pass or furlough and open post.
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
United States Army Air Force
Royal Air Force
Language
A language of the resource
eng
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Text. Service material
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
One double sided printed card
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
MGallupR171215-170521-020001,
MGallupR171215-170521-020002
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
IBCC Digital Archive
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
United States
Georgia--Albany
Georgia
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
United States. United States Army Air Force
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Sue Smith
aircrew
training
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Stimpson, Maurice Cecil
Description
An account of the resource
124 items. The collection concerns Flight Lieutenant Maurice Cecil Stimpson DFC (1921 - 1944, 155249 Royal Air Force) and contains his log books, photographs, documents, and pennants. He flew operations as a pilot with 156 Squadron and was killed 15 February 1944. <br /><br />The collection has been donated to the IBCC Digital Archive by Tony France and catalogued by Barry Hunter. <br /><br />Additional information on Maurice Cecil Stimpson is available via the <a href="https://losses.internationalbcc.co.uk/loss/226992/">IBCC Loses Database.</a>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2019-09-22
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
IBCC Digital Archive
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
Stimpson,
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Airfield Pennants
Description
An account of the resource
Four pennants for Jacksonville Beaches, Darr, Cochran and Turner fields.
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
United States
Florida--Jacksonville
Georgia--Albany
Georgia--Cochran
Georgia--Turner County
Florida
Georgia
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
United States Army Air Force
Language
A language of the resource
eng
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Photograph
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Five colour photographs
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
PStimpsonMC19020001,
PStimpsonMC19020002,
PStimpsonMC19020003,
PStimpsonMC19020004,
PStimpsonMC19020005
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
IBCC Digital Archive
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
training
-
https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/files/original/1662/26967/PHughesCL16010037.1.jpg
a6a98c78248a4f980a33f86befb40956
https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/files/original/1662/26967/PHughesCL16010038.1.jpg
350837c2b3ad0dcab5025102caa988f8
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Hughes, Clarence. Photograph album
Description
An account of the resource
48 Items. 70 page album with photographs of people and local scenes while training in Albany Georgia in the United States and Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island , Canada. Also includes scenes while on journeys in North America as well as people. family and places back in the United Kingdom.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
IBCC Digital Archive
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2016-06-02
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
PHughesCL1601
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Airman in flying suit
Description
An account of the resource
Half-length portrait of a man wearing heavy flying suit with building on the right and another in the distant background. On the reverse '[..] photograph taken at Darr Aero Tech'
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1941-11-14
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
One b/w photogarph
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Photograph
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
PHughesCL16010037, PHughesCL16010038
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Royal Air Force
Civilian
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
United States
Georgia--Albany
Georgia
Temporal Coverage
Temporal characteristics of the resource.
1941-11-14
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
IBCC Digital Archive
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
Conforms To
An established standard to which the described resource conforms.
Pending review
aircrew
pilot
training
-
https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/files/original/1671/31347/PCameronD2115.2.jpg
a1c11e7f38cb197f2c8f4452aa82e834
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Cameron, Don
D Cameron
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
IBCC Digital Archive
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2020-08-20
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
Cameron, D
Description
An account of the resource
90 items. The collection concerns Flight Lieutenant Don Cameron (173516, Royal Air Force) a pilot who flew Lancaster on 115 Squadron. Collection contains his log books, a memoir, a aircrew categorisation card and photographs.
The collection has been donated to the IBCC Digital Archive by Neil Cameron and catalogued by Nigel Huckins.
Access Rights
Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies.
Permission granted for commercial projects
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Airman on railway carriage steps
Description
An account of the resource
An airman wearing khaki uniform and side cap on the steps of a railway carriage. Submitted with caption 'dad leaving albany ga'.
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
One b/w photograph
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Photograph
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
PCameronD2115
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Royal Air Force
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
United States
Georgia--Albany
Georgia
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
IBCC Digital Archive
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
-
https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/files/original/1671/31340/PCameronD2108.2.jpg
9ae86f221f2a74cfcb340e4b8dc4df90
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Cameron, Don
D Cameron
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
IBCC Digital Archive
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2020-08-20
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
Cameron, D
Description
An account of the resource
90 items. The collection concerns Flight Lieutenant Don Cameron (173516, Royal Air Force) a pilot who flew Lancaster on 115 Squadron. Collection contains his log books, a memoir, a aircrew categorisation card and photographs.
The collection has been donated to the IBCC Digital Archive by Neil Cameron and catalogued by Nigel Huckins.
Access Rights
Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies.
Permission granted for commercial projects
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Airman standing on jetty
Description
An account of the resource
A full length image of an airman wearing khaki uniform and side cap standing at the end of a jetty in a lake with trees on opposite banks. Submitted with caption 'Ben Massey, Macon GA'.
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
One b/w photograph
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Photograph
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
PCameronD2108
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Royal Air Force
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
United States
Georgia--Macon
Georgia
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
IBCC Digital Archive
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
aircrew
training
-
https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/files/original/1671/31337/PCameronD2105.2.jpg
ed0b94bf343f285b6acea1478411dc19
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Cameron, Don
D Cameron
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
IBCC Digital Archive
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2020-08-20
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
Cameron, D
Description
An account of the resource
90 items. The collection concerns Flight Lieutenant Don Cameron (173516, Royal Air Force) a pilot who flew Lancaster on 115 Squadron. Collection contains his log books, a memoir, a aircrew categorisation card and photographs.
The collection has been donated to the IBCC Digital Archive by Neil Cameron and catalogued by Nigel Huckins.
Access Rights
Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies.
Permission granted for commercial projects
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Airman walking
Ben Massey
Description
An account of the resource
Full length image of an airman wearing uniform shirt sleeves an a side cap with long walking stick. On a path with trees in the background. Submitted with caption 'Ben Massey marching through Georgia'.
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
One b/w photograph
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Photograph
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
PCameronD2105
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Royal Air Force
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
United States
Georgia
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
IBCC Digital Archive
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
-
https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/files/original/2067/34187/PStimpsonMC19010058.2.jpg
a3c3ea0389958745fd49caa2ff9aedf1
https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/files/original/2067/34187/PStimpsonMC19010059.2.jpg
7e66d529b877d0ca3911d7f487b726b5
https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/files/original/2067/34187/PStimpsonMC19010062.2.jpg
e6ad84bd548ebb386802cfbf4cf5bac8
https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/files/original/2067/34187/PStimpsonMC19010063.2.jpg
9c2961777c521d1f7390c17809be9676
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Stimpson, Maurice Cecil
Description
An account of the resource
124 items. The collection concerns Flight Lieutenant Maurice Cecil Stimpson DFC (1921 - 1944, 155249 Royal Air Force) and contains his log books, photographs, documents, and pennants. He flew operations as a pilot with 156 Squadron and was killed 15 February 1944. <br /><br />The collection has been donated to the IBCC Digital Archive by Tony France and catalogued by Barry Hunter. <br /><br />Additional information on Maurice Cecil Stimpson is available via the <a href="https://losses.internationalbcc.co.uk/loss/226992/">IBCC Loses Database.</a>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2019-09-22
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
IBCC Digital Archive
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
Stimpson,
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Albany Cinema
North Jackson Street Albany Florida
Description
An account of the resource
A building with 'Albany' in neon lights. On the reverse 'Albany Cinema'.
A second photograph is taken in darker lighting and has 'Albany Cinema by night'.
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
United States
Georgia--Albany
Georgia
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Civilian
Language
A language of the resource
eng
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Photograph
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Two b/w photographs
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
PStimpsonMC19010058,
PStimpsonMC19010059,
PStimpsonMC19010062,
PStimpsonMC19010063
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
IBCC Digital Archive
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1942-05-27
Temporal Coverage
Temporal characteristics of the resource.
1942-05-27
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Mike Stilgoe
entertainment
-
https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/files/original/2041/33024/PScottEW17020029.1.jpg
671e3c07e3631d665e2e5a230f27d84f
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Scott, Eric William. Album 2
Description
An account of the resource
67 items. Photographs mostly taken during training in the United States with a few while training in England and serving in North Africa and Italy.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2017-04-06
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
IBCC Digital Archive
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
Scott, EW
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Albany Georgia
Description
An account of the resource
Left - trees in field.
Right - long night exposure of city in distance and streets with light lines of car headlights from left and right up to city. Captioned 'Albany at night'.
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Two b/w photographs mounted on an album page
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Photograph
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
PScottEW17020029
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Civilian
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
United States
Georgia--Albany
Georgia
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
IBCC Digital Archive
-
https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/files/original/1662/26965/PHughesCL16010033.2.jpg
1c0253bc45dafc7869d07193bee2e4d9
https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/files/original/1662/26965/PHughesCL16010032.2.jpg
79995ab043b4ff197d48101c630948e4
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Hughes, Clarence. Photograph album
Description
An account of the resource
48 Items. 70 page album with photographs of people and local scenes while training in Albany Georgia in the United States and Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island , Canada. Also includes scenes while on journeys in North America as well as people. family and places back in the United Kingdom.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
IBCC Digital Archive
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2016-06-02
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
PHughesCL1601
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Albany Georgia
Description
An account of the resource
Top left - view across open ground of a single story building.
Top right - distant view of a twin engine transport aircraft with buildings in the background.
Left middle - a line of marching airmen mostly in khaki uniform but one with blue battledress top and another with blue tunic.
Right middle - a man sitting on step in front of a building.
Bottom left - view down the Flint River with Broad Avenue bridge, Albany, in the background.
Bottom right - a man standing by a coach with another coach an building in the background. On the reverse 'Albany, Georgia, D J Marks'.
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Six bv/w photographs mounted on an album page
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Photograph
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
PHughesCL16010032, PHughesCL16010033
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Civilian
Royal Air Force
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
United States
Georgia--Albany
Georgia
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
IBCC Digital Archive
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
Conforms To
An established standard to which the described resource conforms.
Pending review
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Mike Stilgoe
-
https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/files/original/2041/32972/PScottEW17020016.2.jpg
8935ddf7c9b4163ff78493183de85daa
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Scott, Eric William. Album 2
Description
An account of the resource
67 items. Photographs mostly taken during training in the United States with a few while training in England and serving in North Africa and Italy.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2017-04-06
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
IBCC Digital Archive
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
Scott, EW
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Albany Georgia
Description
An account of the resource
Left - view down city street with cars and buildings either side. Captioned 'Albany Georgia U.S.A. looking down main street Jan 1942'.
Right - side view of steam locomotive. Captioned 'Typical engine of Atlantic Seaboard Railway'.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1942-01
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Two b/w photographs mounted on an album page
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Photograph
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
PScottEW17020016
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Civilian
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
United States
Georgia--Albany
Georgia
Temporal Coverage
Temporal characteristics of the resource.
1942-01
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
IBCC Digital Archive
-
https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/files/original/2067/34199/PStimpsonMC19010087.1.jpg
af59cb584b04c20a1e7fcd6063885bec
https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/files/original/2067/34199/PStimpsonMC19010088.1.jpg
f2b707a6e8c70541c20fc2c83cdf1229
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Stimpson, Maurice Cecil
Description
An account of the resource
124 items. The collection concerns Flight Lieutenant Maurice Cecil Stimpson DFC (1921 - 1944, 155249 Royal Air Force) and contains his log books, photographs, documents, and pennants. He flew operations as a pilot with 156 Squadron and was killed 15 February 1944. <br /><br />The collection has been donated to the IBCC Digital Archive by Tony France and catalogued by Barry Hunter. <br /><br />Additional information on Maurice Cecil Stimpson is available via the <a href="https://losses.internationalbcc.co.uk/loss/226992/">IBCC Loses Database.</a>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2019-09-22
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
IBCC Digital Archive
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
Stimpson,
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Albany Street Scene
Description
An account of the resource
A view across a street in Albany.
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
United States
Georgia--Albany
Georgia
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Civilian
Language
A language of the resource
eng
Type
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Photograph
Format
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One b/w photograph
Identifier
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PStimpsonMC19010087,
PStimpsonMC19010088
Publisher
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IBCC Digital Archive
Rights
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This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1942-05
Temporal Coverage
Temporal characteristics of the resource.
1942-05
-
https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/files/original/1671/31342/PCameronD2110.2.jpg
a8dd12cc7c84c18c6236e007af6fb036
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Cameron, Don
D Cameron
Publisher
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IBCC Digital Archive
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2020-08-20
Rights
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This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
Identifier
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Cameron, D
Description
An account of the resource
90 items. The collection concerns Flight Lieutenant Don Cameron (173516, Royal Air Force) a pilot who flew Lancaster on 115 Squadron. Collection contains his log books, a memoir, a aircrew categorisation card and photographs.
The collection has been donated to the IBCC Digital Archive by Neil Cameron and catalogued by Nigel Huckins.
Access Rights
Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies.
Permission granted for commercial projects
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
An Airman
Ben Massey
Description
An account of the resource
Head and shoulders portrait of an airman wearing khaki uniform shirt and tie. Submitted with caption 'Ben Massey, Turner Field'.
Format
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One b/w photograph
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Photograph
Identifier
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PCameronD2110
Coverage
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Royal Air Force
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
United States
Georgia--Albany
Georgia
Publisher
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IBCC Digital Archive
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
-
https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/files/original/1671/31343/PCameronD2111.2.jpg
d71d7b0964399f94a06c65be349322f1
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
Cameron, Don
D Cameron
Publisher
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IBCC Digital Archive
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2020-08-20
Rights
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This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
Cameron, D
Description
An account of the resource
90 items. The collection concerns Flight Lieutenant Don Cameron (173516, Royal Air Force) a pilot who flew Lancaster on 115 Squadron. Collection contains his log books, a memoir, a aircrew categorisation card and photographs.
The collection has been donated to the IBCC Digital Archive by Neil Cameron and catalogued by Nigel Huckins.
Access Rights
Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies.
Permission granted for commercial projects
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
An airman in front of tents
Description
An account of the resource
A full length image of an airman wearing khaki uniform with hand in pocket. In the background parts of two tents. Submitted with caption 'Bonditch, Turner Field'.
Format
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One b/w photograph
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Photograph
Identifier
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PCameronD2111
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
United States
Georgia--Albany
Georgia
Publisher
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IBCC Digital Archive
Rights
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This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
military living conditions
-
https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/files/original/2357/45504/LFoskettW1323050v1.2.pdf
d138a6db77302690becc2c2a216e6a23
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Title
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Foskett, William
Description
An account of the resource
104 items. The collection concerns Flight Lieutenant William Foskett (b. 1921, 13230505 Royal Air Force) and contains his log books, correspondence, documents, and photographs.
He flew operations as an air gunner and navigator with 214 Squadron. After the war, he was stationed in Italy, France, Germany and North Africa.
The collection was loaned to the IBCC Digital Archive for digitisation by Peter Foskett and catalogued by Barry Hunter with the assistance of Roberto Bassi of the Aeroclub Friulano Campoformido.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2021-04-07
Publisher
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IBCC Digital Archive
Rights
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This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
Identifier
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Foskett, W
Dublin Core
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Title
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Bill Foskett’s civilian Pilot Flight Record and Log Book (Log Book 2)
Identifier
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LFoskettW1323050v1
Description
An account of the resource
Bill Foskett’s Aviation Supply Corporation Pilot Flight Record regarding his pilot’s training from 8th July until 2nd October 1942 at the US Army Air Force Training Detachment. Served at Souther and Cochran Fields, Georgia.
Aircraft flown were Stearman PT17 and Vultee BT13A
No operational flying.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Great Britain. Royal Air Force
Temporal Coverage
Temporal characteristics of the resource.
1942
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
United States
Georgia
Georgia--Americus
Georgia--Macon
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Royal Air Force
Royal Air Force. Bomber Command
Language
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eng
Type
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Text
Text. Log book and record book
Format
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One booklet
Contributor
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Nick Cornwell-Smith
Rights
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This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
Publisher
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IBCC Digital Archive
aircrew
Flying Training School
pilot
Stearman
Tiger Moth
training
-
https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/files/original/2357/45505/LFoskettW1323050v2.1.pdf
d2a755280d8713bc33c070907e78a1e2
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
Foskett, William
Description
An account of the resource
104 items. The collection concerns Flight Lieutenant William Foskett (b. 1921, 13230505 Royal Air Force) and contains his log books, correspondence, documents, and photographs.
He flew operations as an air gunner and navigator with 214 Squadron. After the war, he was stationed in Italy, France, Germany and North Africa.
The collection was loaned to the IBCC Digital Archive for digitisation by Peter Foskett and catalogued by Barry Hunter with the assistance of Roberto Bassi of the Aeroclub Friulano Campoformido.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2021-04-07
Publisher
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IBCC Digital Archive
Rights
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This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
Identifier
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Foskett, W
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
Bill Foskett’s Royal Air Force Pilot’s Flying Log Book. (Log Book 1)
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
LFoskettW1323050v2
Description
An account of the resource
Bill Foskett’s Flying Log Book from 20th March 1942 until 9th August 1943. Training started at 3 EFTS before moving to training bases in America. Returned to England to 15 OTU from July 1943.
Served at RAF Shellingford, Souther Field USA, Cochran Field USA, RAF Harwell.
Aircraft flown were Tiger Moth, Stearman PT17, Vultee BT13A, Wellington.
No operational flying.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Great Britain. Royal Air Force
Temporal Coverage
Temporal characteristics of the resource.
1942
1943
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
Great Britain
England--Berkshire
England--Oxfordshire
United States
Georgia
Georgia--Americus
Georgia--Macon
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Royal Air Force
Royal Air Force. Bomber Command
Language
A language of the resource
eng
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Text. Log book and record book
Format
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One booklet
Contributor
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Nick Cornwell-Smith
Rights
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This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
IBCC Digital Archive
15 OTU
aircrew
Flying Training School
Operational Training Unit
pilot
RAF Harwell
RAF Shellingford
Stearman
Tiger Moth
training
Wellington
-
https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/files/original/2067/34182/PStimpsonMC19010043.1.jpg
38513b843199236bb889dccc87bf39ea
https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/files/original/2067/34182/PStimpsonMC19010044.1.jpg
d61b6886c8dedffce566b227f527b929
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Stimpson, Maurice Cecil
Description
An account of the resource
124 items. The collection concerns Flight Lieutenant Maurice Cecil Stimpson DFC (1921 - 1944, 155249 Royal Air Force) and contains his log books, photographs, documents, and pennants. He flew operations as a pilot with 156 Squadron and was killed 15 February 1944. <br /><br />The collection has been donated to the IBCC Digital Archive by Tony France and catalogued by Barry Hunter. <br /><br />Additional information on Maurice Cecil Stimpson is available via the <a href="https://losses.internationalbcc.co.uk/loss/226992/">IBCC Loses Database.</a>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2019-09-22
Publisher
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IBCC Digital Archive
Rights
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This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
Identifier
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Stimpson,
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
Billets at Darr
Description
An account of the resource
A large two storey building identified on the reverse as billets at Darr.
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
United States
Georgia--Albany
Georgia
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
United States Army Air Force
Royal Air Force
Language
A language of the resource
eng
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Photograph
Format
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One b/w photograph
Identifier
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PStimpsonMC19010043,
PStimpsonMC19010044
Publisher
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IBCC Digital Archive
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1942-04-20
Temporal Coverage
Temporal characteristics of the resource.
1942-04-20
aircrew
military living conditions
training
-
https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/files/original/1794/35819/BWilsonRCWilsonRCv1.2.pdf
46537616119db7e3fe539c2255ec6eb9
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
Wilson, Reginald Charles
R C Wilson
Description
An account of the resource
166 items. The collection concerns Reginald Charles Wilson (b. 1923, 1389401 Royal Air Force) and contains his wartime log, photographs, documents and correspondence. He few operations as a navigator with 102 Squadron. He was shot down on 20 January 1944 and became a prisoner of war.
The collection has been donated to the IBCC Digital Archive by Janet Hughes and catalogued by Barry Hunter.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
IBCC Digital Archive
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2017-01-13
Rights
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This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. Some items have not been published in order to protect the privacy of third parties, to comply with intellectual property regulations, or have been assessed as medium or low priority according to the IBCC Digital Archive collection policy and will therefore be published at a later stage. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal, https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/collection-policy.
Identifier
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Wilson, RC
Transcribed document
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading.
Transcription
Text transcribed from audio recording or document
October 2001
[underlined] BOMBER COMMAND & NOTES OF SOME OF MY EXPERIENCES DURING 1941 – 1945 [/underlined]
[underlined] Churchill's Minute of 8 July 1940 about Bomber Command to Beaverbrook (Minister for Aircraft Production) [/underlined] – made [italics] after the fall of France and the retreat of the British Forces from Dunkirk, when Britain stood alone against the might of Germany under the control of Hitler. [/italics]
"But when I look round to see how we can win the war I see that there is only one sure path. We have no Continental army which can defeat the German military power. The blockade is broken and Hitler has Asia and probably Africa to draw from. Should he be repulsed here or not try invasion he will recoil eastward, and we have nothing to stop him. But there is one thing that will bring him back and bring him down, and that is an absolutely devasting, exterminating attack by very heavy bombers from this country upon the Nazi homeland. We must be able to overwhelm them by this means, without which I do not see a way through."
A sustained air bombardment of Germany was therefore a major instrument of military policy, all the more appealing to the Nation as a whole because of the Blitz – As Churchill himself said, the almost universal cry was "Give it to them back!" (Extract from Most Secret War – R.V. Jones)
With regard to the Blitz, I personally experienced before I joined Aircrew in August 1941, seventy-eight consecutive nights when the German Bombers flew up the Thames and bombed London (East London had extensive damage and suffered many thousands of civilian casualties).
One of the last of these raids, and also the worst, occurred on 29 December 1940 when 300 tons of bombs (mostly incendiary bombs) were dropped on the City and surrounding area. The whole area was a mass of flames. (There is a famous photograph of St. Paul's in sharp relief against a skyline of fire). I walked through the devastated area the next morning on my way to Unilever House (my place of work before I joined the RAFVR).
On 29 December 1943 [underlined] exactly three years later to the night [/underlined], I 'gave it to them back!' I flew as navigator, in a Halifax Bomber as one of a force of over 700 Bombers to Berlin. It was the fifth heaviest raid ever made against Berlin and over 2300 tons of incendiaries and bombs were dropped in about twenty minutes!
[underlined] When Britain stood alone [/underlined]
After Dunkirk in 1940 there was no hope of bringing the war [underlined] to Germany [/underlined] on land until the success of the Second Front in 1944 and the Invasion of Germany in 1945. For the first three and a half years only one force, [underlined] Bomber Command [/underlined] was able to do so from the Air, and keep the torch of freedom burning for Britain and occupied Europe.
[page break]
2
For the rest of the war Bomber Command was joined by the American Airforce who supported the air war with a substantial heavy bomber force operating in daytime from East Anglia.
[underlined] 1943 – The growth point for Bomber Command [/underlined]
By 1943 Bomber Command, now under the direction of Air Chief Marshall Arthur Harris, had grown into a powerful heavy bomber force. A famous biblical quotation used by Arthur Harris about Germany's earlier bombing of British cities, summed up the future for Germany's industrial heartland – "they have sown the wind, and they shall reap the whirlwind".
Bomber Command was able to sustain some 700 to 1000 aircraft, which could deliver in excess of 2000 tons of bombs on a target in one bombing raid. It flew at night throughout the year at relatively high altitudes; and in all weathers. It also used the long winter nights to penetrate deep into Germany to reach their industrial cities. Flying at over 10000ft required crew to wear oxygen masks and at 20000ft., temperatures could be minus 40 degrees centigrade! The sole heating for the crews would be from movable flexible pipes from the engines, or for the air gunners, electrically heated suits. Only fog, snow and ice around their base airfields and perhaps a full moon, would hold the squadrons back from operational flying.
Bomber Command flew in a concentrated stream and bombed targets in a matter of 20 minutes or so. Techniques were developed to smother the ground-to-air radar defences by all aircraft dropping metalised strips ('window') en route and over the target. The mass of strips obliterated the German radar responses from the bombers, so that the ground defences were unable to direct nightfighters or ack-ack to their quarry. Ground control of the nightfighters was also broken by jamming their intercom frequencies. Bomber wireless operators would tune to the nightfighters' frequencies and transmit engine noise to drown out communication. Specially equipped squadrons flying in or near the bomber stream would carry out operations known as ABC (Airborne Cigar), which interfered with radar responses from nightfighters, causing confusion in ground control operations. These squadrons would also tune to the ground control frequencies and with the aid of German speaking specialists gave false directions to the German pilots. When the German defences resorted to broadcasting coded music over national broadcasting channels, to indicate to the nightfighters where the targets were, these were jammed by over-playing the broadcasts, very loudly, with previously recorded Hitler speeches!
The development of the Pathfinder Force and the introduction of more sophisticated radar aids, especially H2S, enabled Bomber Command to keep closely to prescribed routes and to locate targets more accurately. This was achieved by the Pathfinders dropping coloured sky or ground markers near turning points and directly on the target, the whole operation being directed by Master Bomber crews flying at the forefront of the main force. In addition, other radar techniques for guiding bombers and indicating the release point for bombs, known as Oboe and G – H, were very accurate methods for pinpointing targets, especially in areas like the Ruhr Valley. All these techniques helped to produce highly concentrated bombing results.
These successes however were not without heavy losses to Bomber Command * as the German ground control revised their procedures and the German nightfighter force expanded. The nightfighter force (especially squadrons equipped with twin
[page break]
3
engined aircraft) became more freelance and extremely skilled due to the re-equipment of their aircraft with cannon firepower and radar air interception and homing techniques.
Bomber Command took a major part in destroying much of German's industrial base. It also caused the German ground defence forces to divert, in 1943-45, a huge number of men (almost 900,000) and all types of artillery (56,500) from the Western and Eastern Fronts to defend the skies over German cities, especially Berlin and cities in the Ruhr Valley. Additionally 1,200,000 civilians were employed in civil defence and in repair work.
Bomber Command delayed the use of the V weapons in 1944 by many months, and saved thousands of lives and possible destruction of much of London, especially the eastern areas of Greater London.
It was responsible, along with the American Airforce, for destroying in 1944-45 much of the armament, transport, radar and communications infrastructure in occupied Europe and Germany. Additionally the German oil refining industry was destroyed. These successes eventually grounded the German Airforce, paralysed the German Army, and advanced their surrender.
[underlined] *Bomber Command suffered very heavy losses [/underlined]
From 1939 – 1945 Bomber Command suffered some 60% casualties; a number greater than any other British and Commonwealth Force during the Second World War (only exceeded by the German U-Boat Force who suffered some 70% casualties).
Out of a force of 125000 Aircrew:
* 56000 were killed (equivalent to almost one fifth of all the deaths sustained by the British and Commonwealth forces for World War 2, and equal to all the Officer deaths on the Western Front – Vimy Ridge, the Somme, Passchendaele, Ypres etc during World War 1).
* 9000 were injured or wounded.
* 11000 were POWs or were missing.
In the peak times of 1943 and 1944 less than 10 crews in a 100 crews would survive their first tour of 30 operations. The Halifax and Lancaster Bomber would have an average life of 40 operational hours – about 5 or 6 missions.
The worst month of the war for aircraft losses was January 1944 when 633 aircraft were lost out of 6278 sorties – just over 10%.
This was also the month I was shot down over Berlin on my tenth operation, when my Squadron (102) lost 7 out of 15 aircraft – a loss of 47% (a loss of aircraft in percentage terms greater than that suffered by 617 Squadron on the Dam Busters Raid). The following night my Squadron lost a further 4 aircraft out of 16 on a mission to Magdeburg, Germany. Shortly after these disastrous losses, the Squadron was withdrawn from operations over Germany until they were re-equipped with the improved aircraft, the Halifax MK 3.
The worst single operation of the war was in March 1944, when 94 aircraft were lost on the Nurnberg raid with 14 more aircraft crashing on return to UK. On this raid more aircrew in Bomber Command were killed, than were killed in Fighter Command for the whole of the Battle of Britain.
[page break]
4
[underlined] Battle of Berlin [/underlined]
There were 16 raids during the Battle of Berlin from the end of 1943 to early 1944. In this time some 500 aircraft were lost on the Berlin raids. Over 3500 aircrew were lost, of which some 80% were killed! More than 2000 of them lie buried in the British War Graves Cemetery in West Berlin – two of my crew are buried there, two others who have no known graves are remembered on the RAF War Memorial at Runnymede.
[underlined] Bomber Command was heavily criticised for the destruction of Dresden and Chemnitz in February 1945 [/underlined]
Dresden and Chemnitz were regarded as non-military targets. Dresden in particular was a cultural and arts centre since medieval times. They were also great fire risks because of their wooden architecture.
As the Russian Forces on the Eastern Front entered East Germany in 1945, Stalin requested to Allied Command that Leipzig, Chemnitz and Dresden be bombed [underlined] as these cities were strategic railheads for moving German troops to the Eastern Front. [/underlined]
At that time I was a POW at Stalag IVB (Muhlberg on Elbe) and I was being moved to Oflag VIIB (Eichstat, Bavaria) with four other POW's. The route took us through Chemnitz station and we spent the best part of a day waiting with our German guards on the station for a connection to go south to Bavaria. [underlined] During this time we witnessed several German Panzer troop trains en route for the Eastern Front pass through the station. [/underlined] The date was 2 February 1945 just 10 days before Chemnitz and Dresden were bombed. I understand since, that the information about the date of these troop movements was not known at the time; otherwise the Allied Command might have taken action earlier.
Nevertheless Stalin was right, they were strategic railheads, and we (POW's) were [underlined] in the unique position of being the only Allied witnesses to see it. [/underlined] (I have a reference to this event in my wartime log entered whilst I was still a POW in Oflag VIIB).
The bombing was shared by Bomber Command and the American Airforce. The towns were burnt out and the casualties were very high indeed.
Personally I refute the charge, having seen the Panzer troop trains passing through Chemnitz, that these were open cities, wilfully destroyed. The Allied Airforces carried out what they were ordered to do – to aid the Russian Forces in what was total war in those days.
These charges of wanton destruction were, after the war, levelled at Air Chief Marshall Arthur Harris (who was denied a Peerage), and Bomber Command by the post war Labour Government. The accusations have been made ever since by all and sundry. They choose to forget that some 60,000 British civilians were killed as a result of German Airforce bombing and use of V weapons, on London and other Cities.
As a result campaign medals were not awarded to Bomber Command.
Arthur Harris said "Every butcher, baker, and candlestick maker, within two hundred miles of the Front got a campaign medal, but not Bomber Command".
When one reflects on the contribution that Bomber Command (a front line force without doubt) made to the success of World War 2; and the casualties and the
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stress the aircrew (mostly in their early 20's) suffered in achieving it, it is a travesty of justice to level the accusation of wanton destruction. Fortunately, with more thorough research, especially involving veterans of Bomber Command, the books of recent years have put the records straight.
[underlined] Summary of my aircrew training days [/underlined]
I joined the RAFVR in August 1941, wore a white flash in my forage cap to indicate aircrew; and after a long wait at St John's Wood, London, I was posted to Initial Training Wing Torquay, Devon.
Here I learnt the rudiments of subjects such as meteorology, air navigation, aircraft recognition, wireless telegraphy etc, alongside some square bashing and clay pigeon shooting.
I was promoted from AC2 to LAC and posted to Marshalls Airfield, Cambridge for a flying test. I flew with an instructor in a Tiger Moth for about eight hours and passed the initial experience requirement necessary to join the Arnold Training Scheme in the USA.
After some Christmas leave and a short stay at Heaton Park, Manchester, I joined the troopship 'Montcalm' at Gourock, on the Clyde, bound for Halifax, Canada. We were accompanied by another troopship the 'Vollendam' and we were supposed to have had a destroyer as escort for the crossing. Unfortunately the destroyer had to return to base. (It was a World War 1 American destroyer, one of fifty given to Britain in exchange for the use of Bermuda I believe, and it could not cope with the bad weather we were experiencing).
Luckily our two weeks crossing in January 1942 was uneventful although half a dozen ships were sunk in the same area of the Atlantic as ourselves. At this time in the war as many as 60 ships a week were sunk by German U boats in the North Atlantic.
From Halifax we were the first RAF aircrew trainees to travel to the USA in uniform. America had become our Ally just a few weeks before, (after the infamy of the Japanese who had bombed Pearl Harbour, on 7 December 1941, without formal declaration of war, sinking much of the Pacific fleet).
After suffering the privations in Britain – bombing, blackout, blockade, rationing of virtually everything, and the military setbacks such as experienced in Norway, France and the Middle East, America was no doubt the land of milk and honey.
We travelled to 'Turner Field' in Albany, Georgia for a month's acclimatisation, during which time I celebrated my 19th birthday. It was a base for the American Army Aircorps cadets.
Here we were given Army Aircorps clothing and were to be treated like the cadets to all their style of intake training such as:-
– drilling and physical training (callisthenics at 6 o'clock in the morning)
– being given literature on expected behaviour and etiquette!
– marching behind a brass band, playing Army Aircorps music, to all meals and to Retreat (lowering of the American Flag in the evening).
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Having endured basic rations in Britain for a considerable time, every meal at 'Turner Field' was a feast, and as cadets, we were waited on hand and foot by coloured waiters (at this time in the South, coloured people were not considered equal to whites; they were required to sit in the back of buses and in separate parts of the cinema etc and were treated generally as second class citizens). Back in Britain you had to queue up for your meals, get all your meal on one plate, take your own cutlery (in your gas mask case) and wash it up afterwards in a tank of tepid greasy water.
After a month I was posted to Lakeland, Florida (in March 1942) to a Civilian Flying School for Primary Flying Training.
Here I had a very pleasant time indeed. I went solo in a 'Stearman' biplane after the Instructor had 'buzzed off' a herd of cows from the auxillary [sic] landing field by diving at them! I had 40 hours solo, much of which was aerobatics – stalls, spins, loops etc. The flying was over lakes and orange groves in the Florida sunshine. As English Cadets we had much hospitality with local American families and their daughters!
After completion of the Course, we had a few days leave, and a colleague and I hitched a lift to West Palm Beach. We booked into an hotel, but within a short while we were invited to stay with an American lady (Mrs Hubbard), who turned out to be the daughter of Rockefeller (a multi-millionaire and philanthropist). She had an English lady staying with her (who had a son in the RAF) and between them they looked after us for the next two days, like two long lost sons. Her home could have been in Hollywood; it had a beautiful swimming pool within a magnificant [sic] Italian styled garden, with an arcaded drinks bar at one end.
My greatest memory of this occasion, was to meet – and be photographed with – one of the few surviving Fleet Air Arm pilots, who in the previous year had torpedoed the pocket battleship 'Bismark', damaged its rudder, and enabled the British Fleet to sink it in the English Channel. He was touring America as a hero and had been invited to Mrs Hubbard's home. (The sinking of the Bismark was a great British victory, it having sunk the battleship 'Hood', with the loss of nearly 1500 lives.)
After this short break (at the end of April 1942) we were posted to an Army Aircorps Flying School in Georgia for Intermediate Training. Here I started a course of flying on a basic trainer with an Army Instructor. After a number of flying lessons I was unable to convince my Instructor I was safe to go solo on this plane and that was the end of my pilot training. (The US Army Aircorps had a policy of failing a high proportion of cadets and I was one of them; had I been trained in an RAF Flying School in the States the story might have been different). I was disheartened at the time but took the view that I could have killed myself, as one of my friends did shortly afterwards!
I took the train back to Canada (in June 1942) to the RCAF Camp at Trenton, Ontario, and after some interviews and an exam I remustered to U/T Navigator. This transfer did at least give me a chance to see some more of Canada, and I was able to visit Lake Ontario, Toronto and Niagara Falls before I moved on.
A party of us were moved westward for a day or so by train, through impressive Canadian countryside with pine forests and rivers solid with floating logs. The train was pulled by an enormous steam engine, snorting its way through this majestic
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scenery with hardly a sign of civilisation anywhere. We stopped eventually at Brandon, Manitoba, where we stayed awaiting a posting to an Air Navigation School. Whilst at Brandon I managed to spend a weekend at Clear Lake about 60 miles north. It was a beautiful lake surrounded by pine forests (with log cabins, a restaurant, a central hall), where swimming, fishing, and rowing facilities were available. In the evening dances were held in the hall and a Royal Canadian Mounted Policeman was in attendance – it was just like a picture post card! At the dance I met a girl who lived in Winnipeg, who I was able to see again on a number of occasions, as I was posted to the Winnipeg Air Navigation School about a week later (August 1942).
Winnipeg Air Navigation School services were run by civilians, with the teaching of all the subjects by the RCAF.
Winnipeg was situated in the vast grain growing area of Manitoba which was as flat as a pancake – when flying at a few thousand feet you had an unrestricted view to the horizon. The towns, marked by grain elevators and water towers (with the town's name painted on the side), were spaced along the railway line, with other towns scattered in the countryside. All were visible on any cross country route, thus it was impossible to get lost during navigational exercises, even at night, as there was no blackout in Canada!
It was a pleasant, comfortable three months training, spending about half our time in the class room and half on air exercises. We flew in ancient Anson aircraft with civilian pilots, and apart from our air exercises we had to wind up the wheels on take off and down on landing!
The main things I can remember were: the crash of a light aircraft only a few yards away, and the raging fire that ensued that made it impossible to rescue the pilot; the freezing nights practising astro sextant shots. And the more pleasant activitity [sic] of eating Christmas-like turkey dinners every Sunday, and going to dances in Winnipeg, with my friend whom I had met at Clear Lake, Brandon, at weekends. I was awarded my Navigator's Wing on 20 November 1942 and was promoted to Sergeant (I was just a few marks short of getting a Commission).
A few days later we were all on the long train journey back to Moncton, Halifax, breaking our journey for a memorable stopover in Montreal. We returned to England on the luxury liner the Queen Elizabeth, which had been converted into a troopship. We had two meals a day, there were 17 bunks to a state cabin, and we travelled without escort taking only four days to cross the North Atlantic. We were home on leave for Christmas – just one year had elapsed since I was on embarkation leave for my training in North America.
The beginning of 1943 brought about a glut of trained aircrew from the North American and Commonwealth Training Schools.
As a result many hundreds of us were held in holding centres in Harrogate and Bournemouth to await postings. To fill in the time I was posted with others to an RAF Regiment Training Course at Whitley Bay on the coast near Newcastle in the freezing weather of February 1943.
It was not until late April 1943 that we took up flying again, when a party of us were posted to the RAF Air Navigation School at Jurby, at the northern end of the Isle of Man.
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For the next three weeks, still flying in Ansons, I brushed up my navigation (not having flown for five months) with day and night cross country exercises around the Irish Sea, the east coast of Northern Ireland and the west coast of Britain. The weather was quite cool and we even experienced snow in the first two weeks of May. On free days we would take the small 'toast rack' railway from Jurby to Douglas (capital of the Isle of Man) for a day out – it was very quiet in wartime. The only feature I can remember was that all the hotels along the sea front were wired off, as they housed many of the aliens that had been interned for the duration of the war.
On the completion of the course we had some leave and I was posted to the RAF Operational Training Unit at Kinloss, Scotland, on the Moray Firth. I was now set for 'crewing up' in Bomber Command and getting nearer to operational flying.
I arrived at Kinloss in the first week in June. The weather was marvellous and stayed like it for the six weeks we were there. For part of the time a party of us were housed in a large mansion-like property (just for sleeping purposes) and each of us was given a bike to get to and from the airfield. The countryside was beautiful and with the consistent fine weather and the birds singing in the trees and hedgerows, cycling was an added pleasure. It was so peaceful the war seemed very far away indeed. RAF Kinloss was equipped with Whitley Bombers (withdrawn from operational flying in 1942) and were known as 'flying coffins' as they were very sluggish responding to the flying controls – a major defect we were to discover when flying in formation over Elgin (to celebrate a special occasion).
After a few days we were crewed up and our crew consisted of:-
F/O S.R. Vivian – Pilot – 'Viv'
F/Sgt R.C. Wilson – Navigator – 'Reg'
F/O L.A. Underwood – Bombaimer – 'Laurie'
Sgt W. Ross – W/OP AG – 'Bill'
Sgt J. Bushell – Rear AG – 'John'
During the ensuing six weeks we had day and night flying fairly frequently, carrying out exercises such as cross country and formation flying, airfiring, fighter affiliation and bombing practice.
We had some ground work also. I can remember being introduced to the Distant Reading Compass, located near the tail of the aircraft away from magnetic influences. It was a giro-controlled compass, very stable (which could be adjusted by the navigator for the earth's magnetic variation to give true north readings), with electric repeaters for the pilot, navigator and bomb aimer.
I can also remember flying at night, trying to practise astro-navigation, with the sky being barely dark. In the north of Scotland in mid-summer at a height of 10000 ft the sun's glow was present on the horizon most of the night. In this light the Grampian mountains and the Highlands below looked very gaunt and awesome indeed.
At the end of our training our crew had become great friends. We spent time together at Findhorn Bay (on the Moray Firth) on some afternoons, and in the pub in Forres town on some Saturdays. And once in the Mess all one weekend, when we were confined to the Station by the C.O. because we landed in error at RAF Lossiemouth (an adjacent airfield on the Moray Firth) instead of Kinloss! But we drank a lot of beer that weekend!
We left Kinloss for some leave towards the end of July, never to see 'Viv' our pilot again. Little did we know that 'Viv' would be killed in three weeks (just a few days
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after getting married on leave). This was before we even reached RAF Rufforth in Yorkshire, our Conversion Unit for Halifax Heavy Bombers.
We arrived at RAF Rufforth in the middle of August to find that 'Viv' had been reported missing on 10 August 1941 flying as second pilot on a raid to Nurnburg. (I have learned since that the aircraft crashed near Ramsen/Bollanden, Germany. Six were killed including 'Viv' and two became POWs).
All pilots, as captains of their aircraft, had to have two operational flights – 'second dickey trips' – before they could fly their own crews on operations. 'Viv' was on the second of his flights.
We were now a headless crew, awaiting the appointment of another pilot.
From now on it would be apparent that our lives in Bomber Command were becoming a lottery. There was no way we could tell, even at a Conversion Unit before Operations, whether from day to day we would live or die.
During our short stay at Rufforth, about 60 aircrew were killed due to mechanical failure or accidents. Among other accidents, I can remember that two aircraft collided in mid-air, another crashed when a propellor flew off into the fuselage, and a further aircraft crashed at night on a practice bombing raid exercise.
After a few days F/L PGA Harvey was appointed as our pilot, Sgt A McCarroll as our mid/upper gunner (formerly the drummer in Maurice Winnick's dance band – well known on BBC radio pre-war) and Sgt J McArdle as our flight engineer. This completed the crew for our 4 engined bomber, i.e. the Halifax.
F/L Harvey was an experienced pilot having two operational tours in the Middle East in 1941 on Wellington Bombers. It was a mystery to us why he was taking on another tour. Flying on operations deep inside Germany in 1943 was another dimension for him, (with cities heavily defended by ack-ack and night fighters armed with cannon and equipped with radar homing devices), to what he had experienced in the Middle East in 1941. Especially as many of his sorties (whilst being in a war zone) had not been bombing missions.
As F/L Harvey was an experienced pilot, the minimum time was taken to crew up, get familiar with the Halifax, and take on the new disciplines of a flight engineer and a mid/upper gunner. For my part I had to learn how to use 'Gee', a radar device for measuring pulses from two transmitting stations displayed on a cathode ray tube, which were then plotted on a special gridded map, to give pinpoint accuracy of your ground position.
There were air exercises for bombing, airfiring and fighter affiliation. The latter was an exercise to remember (the date was 2 September 1943). For this exercise we flew at 10000ft and a fighter would 'attack' from behind. The two gunners would then cooperate with the pilot so that he could take evasive action. F/L Harvey in taking evasive action managed [underlined] to turn the aircraft on its back, [/underlined] and it was several thousand feet later before the aircraft was righted again. I had spun round in the nose of the 'plane, broken rivits [sic] were rattling around inside the fuselage, and the chemical Elsan toilet at the back of the aircraft had emptied its contents all over the rear of the plane. We were all shaken up by the experience, especially as F/L Harvey had [underlined] 390 operational flying hours to his credit [/underlined] and we did not expect him to lose control. However some good came out of it, in that John the rear gunner decided that from then on he would store his parachute in his gun turret, rather than in the fuselage as required by regulations – this action would later save his life!
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I also decided I would be prepared and have a routine to cover baling out and I learnt the following procedure:-
'Helmet off' – You could break your neck with the helmet still attached to the oxygen supply and intercom!
'Parachute on' – You could jump out without it!
'Handle on the left hand side' – I was left handed (aircrew have been killed with an un-opened parachute with the handle – D ring – on the 'wrong' side!).
In addition (as navigator) I decided that over the target I had a minute or so to spare, so I could fold back my seat, lift up the navigation table clear of the escape hatch and be ready to bale out immediately if necessary. I believe these plans gave me and Laurie (bomb aimer) additional vital seconds, and with the action John took, the three of us saved our lives nearly five months later.
In a week or so we were posted to 102 Squadron to commence our operational service.
[underlined] 102 Squadron 4 Group Bomber Command – Pocklington Yorkshire [/underlined]
Pocklington airfield was situated 12 miles south-east of York, with 800ft hills 3.5 miles NE of the airfield. (Whilst I was there two Halifaxes with heavy bomb loads crashed into these hills after takeoff – that particular runway was not used after that.) It was a wartime airfield with only temporary accommodation, thus all our billets were in Nissen Huts. They had semi-circular corrugated iron roofs and walls, with concrete ends and were dispersed in fields nearby. They were dreary inhospitable places in winter, each heated only by a small central coal burning stove.
Where possible, when not on duty, we sought refuge and relaxation in the 'comfort' of the Sergeants' Mess or in the pubs (i.e. Betty's Bar) or dance halls (i.e. DeGrey Rooms) in the city of York.
Pocklington had three affiliated aifields [sic] – Elvington, Full Sutton and Melbourne. All the airfields were commanded by Air Commodore 'Gus' Walker, at that time the youngest Air Commodore at age 31 in the RAF. He had lost his right arm when a Lancaster exploded on the ground at the airfield he commanded, Syerston, in 1942.
We arrived at Pocklington in mid-September 1943. F/L Harvey was promoted to Acting Squadron Leader in charge of 'A' Flight and we became his crew, which meant we would not fly as frequently on operations as other crews. (This was considered to be a mixed blessing as a tour – 30 operations – would take longer.)
Over the next two weeks we completed a number of cross country exercises, mostly for me to practise my navigation with new equipment. At Rufforth I had 'Gee' radar which enabled me to plot accurate ground positions essential for calculating wind velocities – the basis of all air navigation. Unfortunately the Germans were able to jam this equipment, so that as an aircraft approached the coastline of Continental Europe, the radar pulses were obliterated. Thus the navigator had a race against time to get as much data as possible before we reached the 'Enemy Coast'.
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At Pocklington we had a very new piece of radar equipment called 'H2S' (height to surface). Located in the aircraft it sent out pulses to the ground around the aircraft for 15/20 miles. Reflections were received back as bright specks on a cathode ray tube. The density of the reflections depended on whether the aircraft was flying over sea, land, hills, rivers, cities, lakes etc thus a rough topographical map of the ground (the quality of the picture varied) was displayed on the cathode ray screen.
Best map results were between land and sea, but provided the navigator was reasonably aware of his ground position, he could recognise coastlines, large rivers and lakes, and sizable towns, to and from the target. Thus he could plot accurately the bearing and distance from these land marks, and be able to recalculate wind/velocities maintain required tracks, ground speeds and times to the target. For some more experienced navigators, they would have the ability to blind bomb, without the need to use the markers dropped by Pathfinders (who incidentally also used H2S equipment).
H2S could not be jammed, but nightfighters could 'home on' to the H2S frequency if it was continuously switched on (a hazard not known to aircrews for some time after the system was in operation!). Some aircraft were shot down this way. Another new piece of equipment called the 'airplot indicator' was available to the navigator. This linked the giro compass and airspeed indicator to provide a continuous read out of the air position in latitude and longitude. It was a useful guide to have available, but no navigator would rely on it entirely and give up his own airplot drawn on his own navigational chart.
We also had a hand held 'I.C.A.N. computer', a manually operated vectoring device on which we could plot a course and calculate the airspeed (to make good our desired track and ground speed), before we added this information to our main chart. Two other navigational aids we had used in training were radio bearings taken by the wireless operator and our own astro sight shots. The astro shots were converted to position lines by use of air almanacs. Both these methods were not practical when operating over 'enemy territory'. Even more so when considering that operational aircraft were faster, and the need at any moment to take evasive action (because of flak or nightfighters) would make these methods inoperable.
There were times when navigational aids were not available to us and map-reading over cloud or at night, especially at high altitude, was not possible. Then fall back on 'dead reckoning' methods was necessary. This required accurate plotting of the air position and the use of wind velocities supplied by the Meterology [sic] Officer, or use of those already calculated by the navigator en route. In both these cases they would need to be modified to cater for forecast weather and wind velocity changes and any alterations in altitude during the flight.
Preparing for a bombing mission on an operational squadron was quite a lengthy procedure, occupying a good a [sic] part of the day prior to the night's operation. About mid-morning 'Ops On' would be announced if there was to be a raid that night. Soon the ground crew were busy checking each aircraft's radar, guns, engines etc and filling the wing tanks with over 2000 gallons of fuel. Armourers would load the guns with ammunition and bring up and mount a mix of high explosive and incendiary bombs in the bomb bays for that night's target. (The bombs were stored in a remote part of the airfield for safety, behind blast walls. They would be fused for the target and towed on long low trolleys, by tractor, to the aircraft dispersal points.) Although the target was not disclosed at this stage because of the strict security rules, ground
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crews would have a good idea from the amount of fuel loaded and the type of bomb load, as to where the target would be.
About the same time as the ground crew activities, aircrew would be briefed by their respective leaders. There would be a leader for each discipline e.g. pilots, navigators, bomb aimers etc. The navigator would be one of the busiest; the navigation leader would issue them with flight plans and meteorological information (they would be the first to know the target). They would then plot the route on their chart and smaller topographical maps highlighting towns, lakes and rivers near to their track. Initial courses and airspeeds would be calculated from the wind velocities supplied (these would be modified as more information was gained from 'Gee' and 'H2S' during the flight). It was essential that they kept to their prescribed altitudes, tracks and time table, to maintain concentration of the bomber stream and their time slot over the target (no more than three minutes long).
The aircrew would then go to the Mess, have their operational meal of eggs and bacon (civilians were lucky to get one egg a month!), and fill their thermos flasks with coffee. They would also draw their flying rations of chocolate and orange juice to sustain them during the long night. They would also have available caffeine tablets to keep them alert.
The squadron briefing would follow when all aircrew operational that night (about 150 personnel) were assembled in front of a large wall map of Europe, showing the route and the target. If it was the 'Big City' (Berlin) a gasp would go round the hut, as it was considered to be the most dangerous target of them all. The briefing was carried out by the Squadron Commander, the Intelligence officer, the Meteorology officer and any other specialist whose views were pertinent to that night's raid. The briefing would cover overall details of the operation such as:
– size of the bombing force and the objective of any diversionary raids taking place.
– the weather en route and when returning to base; the forecast wind changes; the extent of cloud on route and over the target; icing risks at various altitudes.
– how the pathfinders would be marking the route and target.
– danger spots for flak and nightfighters.
Finally, all personnel, especially navigators, were asked to synchronise their watches (to the second) to GMT
After this the aircrew drew their Parachutes and Mae Wests, left any personal items in a bag to be picked up when they returned(!), and departed by truck to their dispersal points around the airfield.
At the dispersal point they had time to smoke a cigarette outside the aircraft (not frowned upon in those days), and then to check their equipment thoroughly before they took off. The airgunners checked their guns over the North Sea!
(At times they would get to this point of preparation and have to wait for clearance of fog. The 'Met' officer had guaranteed it would clear but mostly it did not, and the operation had to be abandoned!)
At last it was take-off time and they were directed by the Airfield Controller to the runway, where many of the groundcrew would wave them off into the gathering darkness. Then commenced the long ordeal (5-8 hours) of freezing cold and the heavy vibration and incessant roar of four Rolls Royce Merlin engines, in an unpressurised aircraft, until they returned (with luck unscathed) in the early hours the following morning. On return they went to the de-briefing hut where they were given hot coffee and a tot of rum dispensed by the Padre(!) Then followed by a debriefing
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by the Intelligence officer, who took notes about their bombing run and any details of flak and nightfighters they had experienced during the night. After an egg and bacon breakfast, they trekked back to their respective Nissen huts, crawled into bed and attempted to get some sleep if that was at all possible, and await the next call.
After ten days of cross country flights at Pocklington as S/L Harvey's crew and practising with 'Gee' and 'H2S' equipment, we were considered ready for our first operation. This was a mine-laying trip (described as 'Gardening and planting vegetables') to the coastal waters on the east side of Denmark. Mine-laying was regarded as a reasonably safe and easy task and ideally suited to be a first mission – this turned out not to be so!
On 2 October 1943 we took off, carrying in the bomb bay two mines and their parachutes. 117 aircraft took part mining various places from Lorient to Heligoland. We climbed on track across the North Sea to a height of 10000ft. About halfway across the North Sea, S/L Harvey asked Laurie to take over the controls whilst he visited the toilet at rear of the aircraft. Laurie as bomb aimer would have had some training to assist the pilot on take off but not to fly the 'plane. In fact Laurie had never sat in the pilot's seat of a Halifax before.
[underlined] Now Laurie was asked to fly the 'plane on his first operation and, even worse, as we approached the 'enemy coast'! [/underlined] S/L Harvey really must have had an urgent call of nature! If the rest of us had known at the time what a predicament he was putting Laurie in, then I think we would all have needed 'to go', as well! Luckily for everyone S/L Harvey was back in his place before we crossed the Danish coast.
On crossing the coast there was a loud bang which lifted the aircraft alarmingly, afterwards restoring to level flight. At this point both 'Gee' and 'H2S' went out of action, but we continued across Denmark to our dropping zone described as the 'Samso Belt', which we identified visually through broken cloud.
The bomb doors were opened and we made our dropping run at 8000ft. We then attempted to release the mines but they would not drop. Several attempts were made to release them manually but without success. S/L Harvey then decided to return to base with the mines and tried to close the bomb doors. These would not close. It was now evident that the hydraulic system had been damaged as well as the radar equipment, probably caused by a flak ship as we crossed the Danish coast earlier.
We reduced our height to 2000ft to get under the cloud base and some nasty electric storms across the North Sea; also to pick out a landfall as soon as possible, as I had only 'dead reckoning' means by which to navigate!
As we did not need oxygen at this height I decided to visit the Elsan toilet at the rear of the aircraft. Taking a torch I groped my way to the back in the darkness. I was just stepping over the main spar when by torchlight I noticed a gaping hole beneath me; had I completed the step I would have fallen 2000 ft. into the North Sea! I relieved myself through the hole! I returned to the nose section immediately to confirm to S/L Harvey that there was no doubt that we had been hit by flak. I then had a drink of coffee from my thermos flask to restore my shattered nerves.
It was now obvious the damage was more serious than we first thought. Loss of hydraulic power meant that not only were the bomb doors down, but when the flaps and wheels were lowered for landing, the bomb doors, flaps and wheels could not be
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raised again. If we were to overshoot the runway on landing, we would have crashed – with two mines still on board!
These thoughts kept us silent, with all eyes skinned for our landfall 'Flamborough Head' on the Yorkshire coast, and the sight of of [sic] the flashing pundit that would indicate the close proximity of our airfield.
Luckily my dead reckoning navigation brought us back home on course and we landed safely (otherwise these notes would not have been written).
On landing one of the mines fell out onto the runway. At our dispersal point the ground staff were amazed that we had survived as a crew without a scratch.
Both mines, their release mechanism, the bomb doors and the fuselage had been damaged by shrapnel, and the parachutes badly torn. The hydraulics were severed, the 'Gee' and 'H2S' also damaged. Above the flak hole we discovered the fuselage was peppered with shrapnel holes within inches of the mid-upper gunner's turret.
We were told originally that the aircraft would be written off, but I learned since that the aircraft was repaired. It carried out a number of missions, including targets such as Kassel and Berlin, but sadly was shot down by a nightfighter off Denmark in April 1944, again on a minelaying operation. All the crew died when the aircraft crashed into the sea. (This crew had saved their lives three months before, coincidentally on the night we were shot down, having baled out of a Halifax, short of petrol. Such was the fragility of life in Bomber Command at that time).
Reading the [underlined] Squadron's [/underlined] Operational Record after the war, I found S/L Harvey's statement on our minelaying mission to be totally inaccurate. There was no mention of flak damage and having to bring the mines back, though the [underlined] Pocklington Station [/underlined] Operations Record did report it accurately. I believe S/L Harvey wanted to have a successful tour of operations and a possible DFC award later on.
Having had a near miss with shrapnel close to his turret, Alec McCarroll the mid-upper gunner, decided to report sick before the next operation. In fact he never flew again, and sadly he was labelled LMF (Lack of Moral Fibre), reduced from Sergeant to AC2 and posted to Elvington (one or our affiliated airfields) to general duties. Such arbitrary action was taken by Commanding Officers as a deterrent to all aircrew.
At this time losses in aircrew were extremely high, so much so that one crew hardly knew another before one of them went missing (often becoming obvious by a number of empty beds in your Nissen Hut). Every operation to Germany, especially to places such as Berlin, was almost like 'going over the top'. A succession of such raids could bring on exhaustion and a fit of nerves to anyone. The threat of being branded LMF was made to prevent the possibility of some aircrew refusing to fly. In point of fact only about 0.4% of all aircrew in Bomber Command were branded like this during the war. Nevertheless some, who had as many as 20 operations before they came off flying, were cashiered or demoted with ignominy. For these, it was a great injustice, especially as there were many civilians of military age (in reserved occupations) who would never be exposed [to] such risks. And a large proportion of servicemen, in all Services, who fortunately would not have to face the high risk of death on [underlined] every [/underlined] operational mission.
As the minelaying mission was my first operation and because of the experiences I had on that flight, the Squadron Navigation Officer decided to check through my log
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15
and chart. He found both completely accurate and commended me on the results which he knew were made under testing conditions. Later he informed me that he was recommending me for a Commission. (Actually this was long overdue and should have been made at the time I qualified as a navigator).
Our next operation was on 4 October 1943 to Frankfurt. This was not a success as firstly S/L Harvey decided to weave all the way to Germany (not normally done unless there is some predicted flak or there are nightfighters about, as it doesn't aid good navigation!). Then without explanation he turned back to base, dropping our bombs into the North Sea on the way. (We had flown five hours out of about seven to complete the bombing operation and had been less than a 100 miles from the target.)
S/L Harvey reported in the Squadron Operations Record "Overload petrol pump U/S. Returned early". I had a feeling that S/L Harvey wasn't very happy that night after our minelaying experiences just two days before. It was frustrating for us, having got near the target, as this raid turned out to be the first serious blow on Frankfurt so far in the war.
Later the flight engineer went sick and as far as I can recall he did not fly again.
Our third operation was on 8 October 1943 to Hanover, when 504 aircraft took part. This mission went without mishap. No trouble on route, it was clear over the target, we bombed on red target indicators (Pathfinder markers) from 17200 ft, and fires were see [sic] to start. This raid was reported as the most successful attack on Hanover of the war. We began to think we were at last OK as a crew but this proved not so.
Apart from a cross country flight and an air test we did not fly any more operations in October. In fact we did not fly any more missions again with S/L Harvey(!) although 'officially' he remained the 'A' Flight Commander until the end of November 1943. Shortly after our third operation I was interviewed by Air Commodore 'Gus' Walker for my Commission. During that meeting he informed me that S/L Harvey was being withdrawn from operational flying, indicating that he had had enough. It did not really surprise me though, especially as Bomber Command had entered a phase when life was becoming very fragile indeed. What did surprise me however was to learn (only recently) that at the end of November 1943 when he relinquished command of 'A' Flight, S/L Harvey was recommended for a DFC. The award was described as "long overdue" for his tours in the Middle East in 1941 and his operations over Germany (one in June 1942 and two with us in October 1943, which included the 'returned early' operation). He was awarded the DFC on 28 December 1943.
Now we were a headless crew all over again, awaiting the posting of another pilot. In the meantime destined to fly as spares, replacing crew members in other crews who were sick or otherwise unable to fly. This was a very demoralising position to be in. As a crew you develop a team spirit and a trust in each other; without a crew you are just a floating part. You have little or no faith in the crew you are joining for that night, or for that matter neither are they likely to have any faith in you. Your life is in their hands and their lives are in yours!
I complained on one occasion to the Acting 'A' Flight Commander about flying as a spare. His reply was "You will probably just carry on like it, until one day you don't come back". Later I checked his career and luckily he survived his first tour and got a
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DFC at the end of May 1944. I have often wondered whether [underlined] he [/underlined] survived the rest of the war!
Laurie Underwood, John Bushell and I (the wireless operator seemed to have disappeared), then flew as spares for the next five or so operations, which was one of the most potentially unnerving periods I can remember.
More than a month had elapsed since I flew on the Hanover operation, before my next mission on 11 November '43 minelaying off the Frisian Islands (near the Dutch coast). I flew with F/O Eddy and 45 aircraft took part. We dropped our mines from 6000ft and we lost one aircraft from our Squadron, shot down by a flak ship. The aircraft ditched in the North Sea. All the crew were missing presumed killed. This was the same aircraft that I flew with S/L Harvey when we went to Frankfurt and returned early on 4 October '43!
My fifth operation was on 18 November '43 to Mannheim/Ludwigshafen flying as a spare with P/O Jackson (Australian pilot) when 395 aircraft took part. It was a raid to divert German nightfighters away from the main force of bombers who were bombing Berlin. We bombed from 17000ft on the green target indicators – bombing was well concentrated. The diversion was successful in that the main force only suffered 2% losses, whereas our losses were high at 5.8%. 102 Squadron did not lose any aircraft that night.
I flew again as spare with F/O Jackson on 22 November '43 to the 'Big City' – Berlin – the most heavily defended city in Germany. 764 aircraft took part, dropping 2501 tons of incendiaries and high explosive in about 20 minutes. This was the second out of 16 raids described as the Battle of Berlin. For all raids the target was the centre of Berlin (Hitler's Chancery) and for each raid the City was approached from a different point of the compass. Unless Pathfinders directed otherwise, bombing on each raid would 'creep back' like a wedge from the target point; thus the whole city over the period of 16 raids would be covered by bombing.
This night our bombing run was from the west and we bombed at 18000ft on the centre of the flares (checked by H2S). A glow of fires were seen through 9/10 clouds. This raid was the third heaviest of the war on Berlin and it was also the most successful. Much damage was done to industrial areas and munitions factories, the Ministry of Weapons and Munitions and many political and administrative buildings. The Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church was also badly damaged, and post war was part restored and became a Berlin tourist attraction. (I suppose it can be compared with Coventry Cathedral, which back in 1940 was ruined by the German Airforce when they devasted the City. And after the War, a new Cathedral was built alongside the ruins of the old.)
The equivalent of nearly three German Army Divisions were drafted in, to tackle the fires and clear the damage which extended from the centre to the western limits of the City. Luckily we experienced no nightfighter attacks or flak damage, and we narrowly missed an accident on return to Pocklington;
Whilst we were still on the outer circuit waiting to land, another Halifax from our Squadron flying on the same outer circuit as ourselves, had met head-on with a Halifax from 77 Squadron. It had been returning to our affiliate airfield at Full Sutton and was also on its outer circuit preparing to land. The two outer circuits unfortunately overlapped and as a result of the mid-air collision both crews were killed outright –
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we had missed that fate by a small margin! John Bushell (rear gunner in our crew also now flying as a spare) had the unenviable task of representing 102 Squadron at the funeral of one of those killed.
I continued my time as spare, flying with F/O Jackson (his navigator must have had a long time off for sickness or, for some other reason, was not flying). This time, 25 November '43, our target was Frankfurt and only 262 aircraft took part. The flight was uneventful, although the gunners had heated discussions about seeing nightfighters, until F/O Jackson, in his casual Australian voice, settled the argument by saying "If they've only got two engines, shoot the bastards down!". We bombed on the red target indicators from 17500ft. Some fires were seen, but it was cloudy over target and the bombing appeared to be scattered. Despite the small force of aircraft, 102 Squadron managed to lose 2 aircraft over Germany, keeping up its record for high losses.
We had hardly got to bed after debriefing from the Frankfurt raid in the early hours of 26 November, when the tannoys blared out for all aircrew to report to their sections to be briefed for another raid that night. We were supplied with caffeine tablets and given 'pink gins' to drink in the hopes that it would keep us 'on our toes' that night. I flew again with F/O Jackson with a small force of 178 aircraft to Stuttgart. This was a diversionary raid to draw off German nightfighters from the main force of bombers whose target was yet again Berlin. We bombed on the red target indicators from 17500ft. Large fires were seen and bombing was scattered but, as planned, a part of the German nightfighter force was drawn off from the main bomber force sucessfully [sic]. We lost one aircraft which crashed near Pocklington and one returned badly damaged by nightfighter (airgunner killed).
We were diverted to Hartford Bridge airfield in the south, so that the main force of Lancasters could use 4 Group airfields, as some of their airfields were fog bound. They were also short of petrol after an exceptionally long flight. Nevertheless 14 Lancasters crashed in England that night. We returned to Pocklington after a weekend in Hartford Bridge, on three engines after one engine failed on take off. This was my last flight with F/O Jackson, who incidently [sic] was previously awarded the DFM. He finished his tour and was awarded the DFC in June 1944 – perhaps I should have stayed with him rather than return to my original crew!
Before Laurie Underwood and John Bushell and I came together again as a crew, I had just one other experience when I was due to fly as a spare. Fortunately the pilot, prior to take off, taxied off the concrete dispersal point into the mud of the outfield and the flight had to be abandoned. Just as well, as I had premonitions about flying that night with this particular crew.
The month of December 1943 proved to be a month of non activity first there was a full moor, then the weather was poor. I was also waiting for a week's leave to get my officer's uniform (my promotion, although it had been approved had not yet been promulgated) and we were awaiting the names to complete our crew.
Eventually, besides Laurie, John and myself, we learned the additional names to the crew. They were:
Pilot – F/O G.A. Griffiths DFM 'Griff' – On his second tour
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Flight Engineer – Sgt J. Bremner ) all had previous ops. as spare crew
Wireless Op. – F/S E.A. Church ) all had previous ops. as spare crew
Mid/Upper Gr. – F/S C.G. Dupuies (French Canadian) ) all had previous ops. as spare crew
It seemed beyond belief that our new Flight Commander did not authorise any cross country 'runs' for us to gain crew experience, or to practise H2S, bombing and gunnery procedures, before we flew on operations together. However it was not to be, and on 29 December '43 we were scheduled on a main force operation to Berlin.
This was the eighth raid on Berlin and the fifth heaviest. 712 aircraft took part, and 2314 tons of incendiaries and high explosives were dropped in 20 minutes. It was an uneventful flight. I remember clearly seeing the outline of the Zuider Zee on the radar screen (H2S always at its best on coastal outlines) as we flew over Northern Holland. Bad weather restricted the German nighfighters [sic] to 66, but these were the more experienced crews with air interception and H2S homing radar and upward firng [sic] cannon. Fortunately, due to two spoof raids by RAF Mosquitos the nightfighters reached Berlin too late to be effective.
We flew into Berlin from the southeast and dropped our bombs from 17500ft on the target indicators but no results were seen owing to 10/10ths cloud. Aircraft losses that night were down to 2.8%, but 102 Squadron yet again managed to beat the average with two aircraft missing! In one of these aircraft Harold Paar, a Chigwell neighbour of mine, was shot down on his first operation. He became a POW in the same camp – Stalag IVB – indeed the same hut, as myself. (I discovered he was a neighbour when my son met Harold's son in the same class at the same grammar school some 20 years later.)
January 1944 began as another month of inactivity, again as a mixture of bad weather. Also a full moon period prevailed, and there was a reluctance to send Halifax 2's out to Berlin because of their increasing vulnerability. However another maximum effort to Berlin was ordered, so our second operation, as full crew again, was scheduled for Berlin on 20 January '44. In addition a second pilot Sgt K F Stanbridge (flying as a 2nd dickey pilot for operational experience) was also included in the crew.
For this operation I was responsible as one of four navigators operating H2S equipment in 4 Group (4 Group comprised of 15 squadrons totalling 250/300 aircraft), to radio at intervals my calculated wind velocities back to 4 Group. These wind velocities from the four navigators were to be averaged and rebroadcast to the whole of 4 Group for their use in maintaining concentration in the bomber stream. In addition I was to do my own blind bombing that night (not bombing on Pathfinder markers), using H2S to identify the homing point for a timed run into Berlin.
This bombing raid on 20 January '44 was to be the ninth raid and the fourth heaviest on Berlin; 769 aircraft took part and 2400 tons of incendiary and high explosive bombs were dropped in 20 minutes. This riad was considered to have been successful although less concentrated than planned. Due to bad weather again over Germany, the German nightfighters were limited to 98 experienced crews equipped with 'schrage musik' upward firing cannon, and radar interception and H2S homing devices. The nightfighters (all twin engined) were also operating a new procedure called 'tame boar', where they were directed by ground control into the bomber stream at intervals and over the target. From this point they could fly freelance and
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use their own equipment to locate bombers, fly beneath them out of sight of the bomber's gunners and fire cannon shells into their petrol laden wings. Additionally on this night, thin cloud covering Berlin with tops about 12000ft was illuminated from below by many searchlights, allowing the nightfighters flying above the bomber stream to locate them, silhouetted against this bright backcloth. Thus, despite the limitation of nightfighters, it was a highly successful night for them, as they claimed 33 victories (nine of them over Berlin) out of the 35 bombers lost.
We took off at 1630hrs GMT on 20 January 1944 in a Halifax nicknamed 'Old Flo' by the ground crew and were soon flying above 10/10ths cloud. Using Gee radar initially and then H2S to 'map read', we flew uninterrupted over a northerly route into Germany, turning southeast about 60 miles from Berlin. Berlin was a large city and there were too many stray reflections on the H2S screen to identify the target position. I was instructed personally at the navigators' briefing in Pocklington to identify a turning point, by taking a precise bearing and distance on my H2S screen, of a small town about 10 miles north of Berlin. This was the commencement of a timed bombing run to the target – Hitler's Chancery. We flew in straight and level at 18000ft, maintaining a pre-calculated track and groundspeed, and at the time set by stop watch we dropped our bombs (2000hrs GMT).
This bombing procedure made us a sitting target for the nightfighter expertise available that night, for we had hardly closed our bomb doors when we were hit by a nightfighter. He had trailed behind and below our aircraft, waiting for our bombs to be released, then fired cannon shells upwards into our starboard wing. With more than 1000 gallons of petrol still aboard it was only seconds before the whole wing was aflame.
I heard 'Griff' our pilot call out; "graveners, Engineer!". (These were switches to activate the engine fire extinguishers.) This was to no avail, and the blaze was so fierce 'Griff' realised the aircraft was stricken and immediately called out; "parachute, parachute, bale out!". I already had my parachute on, and my seat and navigator's table folded back clear of the escape hatch (a discipline I always carried out over a target). I lifted the escape hatch door and dropped it diagonally through the escape hatch, but it caught the slipstream and jammed half in and half out of the aircraft. With the combined efforts of myself, the wireless operator and Laurie, we managed to kick the hatch door clear. I sat on the edge of the escape hatch and dropped through immediately, followed closely by Laurie. The wireless operator had no time to follow us and was killed. I believe after Laurie dropped out, the blazing aircraft went out of control and into a spiral dive.
After baling out at 17000ft, I spun over a few times, then pulled the rip cord. The canopy opened and my harness tightened with a jerk around my crutch, which brought me to my senses in double quick time! Below me and to my left I could see another parachute; it might have been Laurie but I couldn't be sure (I didn't see him again until his wedding after the war!). I was over a layer of light cloud and could see the glow of fires beneath it, and coming up was plenty of heavy flak and tracer shells hosepiping around the sky – I prayed it wouldn't come too near!
I floated down for 10/15 minutes; somehow I didn't feel too cold although it would have been minus 34 centigrade when I jumped out! With a 60 mph northerly wind prevailing I soon drifted away from being near to the centre of the City. The deafening noise from the aircraft's engines, present during flight, had gone and now the sound
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of bursting flak had died away. Instead there was an uncanny silence and the blackness of the night, as I decended [sic]through cloud which covered the area. Nearing the ground I thought I was going to land in marshes and my hand was on the lever to inflate my 'Mae West' (lifejacket), but it turned out to be the tops of trees of a small wood in a southern suburb of Berlin. I crashed through these, falling the last 15 feet and finishing up with a grazed face and a sprained ankle. I think it was remarkable that this was the only injury I sustained throughout this ordeal.
In less than 20 minutes my life had gone through a dramatic change. I had survived death by a hair's breadth. I was elated at being alive, but what of my crew, were they alive or dead? What traumas will my family suffer when they are informed by telegram that I am missing tomorrow morning? A few hours before I was eating my eggs and bacon (only available before operational flights) in the mess at Pocklington, my aircrew colleagues were around me, the friendly town of York was only 12 miles away and home leave to get my officer's kit was imminent.
I was now in hostile Germany, probably in the south-east suburbs of Berlin. What would happen if I were caught by civilians, having just bombed their City? There was nobody here who would care if I lived or died. Germany was now in the depth of winter. I was in enemy territory 600 miles from home, with only some french francs, a handkerchief with a map of France printed on it, and a magnetic trouser button (with a white spot on it which, when cut off my flies and balanced on a pencil point, would point north!). And a tin of Horlicks tablets. Only these to sustain me, whilst I evaded capture and got back to England!
I was a still in my F/Sgt's uniform although Commissioned on 1 December 1943 and I was five days off my 21st. birthday.
About eight hours, later having disturbed a dog whilst trying to hide up in a barn, I was captured by the civilian police. From here to the end of the war will have to be another story.
Laurie 'blacked out' I believe during part of his parachute drop, but landed uninjured and was captured by the Military early the next day.
Out of our crew of eight, only four survived. The other two survivors, 'Griff' (pilot) and John Bushell (rear gunner), had most remarkable escapes from death!
After Laurie and I baled out and the aircraft had gone into a spiral dive, 'Griff' was thrown forward towards the controls. He was held in his seat by the 'G' of the spiral dive. He saw the altimeter unwind past 7000ft and wondered when his end would come, before going unconscious. I believe the petrol tanks of the blazing aircraft exploded and 'Griff' was blown out, regaining consciousness just in time to pull his ripcord a few hundred feet from the ground. His parachute was still on the swing when he thumped down amongst the debris of the aircraft on waste ground in Berlin! He was uninjured but in shock. He wrapped himself in his parachute and went to sleep under a bush nearby, where he was discovered the next morning by a party of civilians led by a soldier.
John was thrown over his guns when the aircraft went into the spiral dive and he lost consciousness. He also 'came to' in the air in similar circumstances to 'Griff' and opened his parachute near the ground, but landed close to a searchlight battery and was captured immediately. John had a bad cut over his right eye and bruised face but otherwise was OK.
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The four crew who were killed, strangely, were all those fairly new to us. The wireless operator and co-pilot were buried in the British War Cemetery in Berlin. When he was captured 'Griff' our pilot was asked by the German Military "Tell us the name of your wireless operator so that we can bury him with a name". The flight engineer and mid upper gunner were not found nor identified, and having no known graves are remembered only on the War Memorial at Runneymede.
It was very sad that the mid upper gunner, F/S C G Dupuies, had avoided flying to Berlin on his 13th operation by flying on a comparatively 'safe' mission instead; only to be killed on this raid to Berlin, his 14th operation. The lucky rabbit's foot he always carried with him was to no avail. I also regret that I had said to the wireless operator, F/S E.A. Church, before this operation, he shouldn't take milk from the Sergeant's Mess for his own use. I had not known that it was for his young wife living near Pocklington who had just had a baby.
After the war we survivors came to realise that 20 January 1944 was a night to remember. We learned through a German archivist that we had been shot down by an ace nightfighter pilot, Hptm L Fellerer, in a twin engined Messerschmitt Bf 110 G 4 nightfighter. He had 41 victories to his credit, had been awarded the Knights Cross and had shot down five aircraft including ourselves on the night of 20 January 1944! He became Gruppenkommandeur of the Nightfighter Group 11/NJG5 at Parchim near Berlin. After the war he became a high ranking officer in the Austrian Airforce but was killed in a Cessna flying accident in the 1970's.
The archivist also gave us a map of Berlin showing where our aircraft crashed, which was about seven miles southeast of Hitler's Chancery at Oberspree. This confirms that we were on target that night, as the crash point was on our track less than two minutes flying time from the release of our bombs.
20 January 1944 was also a significant date for 102 Squadron, as the following extract from the Squadron Operation Record summary on that date shows (microfilm held at the Public Records Office Kew):
"Weather foggy clearing later, Vis: mod to good. Wind s'ly 20 - 25 mph.
[underlined] 16 Aircraft detailed to attack Berlin on what proved to be probably the most disastrous operation embarked by the Squadron [/underlined] which suffered the loss of 5 crews missing (F/O Griffiths DFM, PO Dean, F/S Render, W/O Wilding, & F/S Compton)
Moreover two aircraft were lost in this country, F/O Hall short of petrol had to abandon his aircraft near Driffield, the whole crew baling out successfully. F/S Proctor crash landed near Norwich, the Airbomber F/O Turnbull unfortunately dying from his injuries. The rest of the crew suffered minor injuries as a result. [underlined] Thus no less than 7 of the 16 aircraft which took off were lost including 5 crews – fortunately, an exceptional night of misfortune & unlikely to be repeated. There was also one early return, [/underlined] F/O W.B. Dean, 'W'."
So this was the end of our time in Bomber Command. After re-forming as a crew again, we had done only two more operations making for me only 10 in all.
2 October 1943 – Minelaying (Denmark)
4 October 1943 – Frankfurt
8 October 1943 – Hanover
11 November 1943 – Minelaying (Frisian Islands)
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22
18 November 1943 – Ludwigshaven
22 November 1943 – Berlin
25 November 1943 – Frankfurt
26 November 1943 – Stuttgart
29 December 1943 – Berlin
20 January 1944 – Berlin
Nevertheless we will go down in the annals of 102 Squadron as being shot down on the night when the Squadron suffered the loss of 7 out of 15 operational aircraft, a 47% loss, [underlined] which was a loss greater than in any other operation in the Squadron's history in both world wars. [/underlined]
102 Squadron was not a lucky squadron; after the disastrous night of 20 January 1944, another 4 aircraft were lost on the following night's raid to Magdeburg.
Shortly after this, as the losses continued, the Squadron was ordered not to operate over Germany. Subsequently the Halifax 2's were withdrawn to be replaced by the Halifax 3's, which were equal to the Lancasters of that time in their operational efficiency.
(Unfortunately for our crew the new aircraft arrived too late for us, otherwise we might have had a better chance of survival and been able to complete at least one tour – 30 operations – and perhaps been able to enjoy freedom for the rest of the war).
[underlined] In World War 2, 102 Squadron suffered the highest losses in 4 Group Bomber Command (15 Squadrons), and the 3rd highest losses in the whole of Bomber Command (93 Squadrons). [/underlined]
January 2000
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Title
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Bomber Command and Notes of Some of My Experiences During 1941-1945
Description
An account of the resource
Reg summarises Bomber Command's role in the war then details his personal experiences from training days. He covers in detail the navigational techniques he used. He describes the operation he was on when he was shot down.
Creator
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Reg Wilson
Date
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2000-01
Spatial Coverage
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Germany--Berlin
Great Britain
England--London
France--Dunkerque
Germany--Magdeburg
England--Runnymede
Germany--Dresden
Germany--Chemnitz
Germany--Leipzig
Germany--Mühlberg (Bad Liebenwerda)
Germany--Eichstätt
England--Torquay
England--Cambridge
England--Manchester
Scotland--Gourock
Canada
Nova Scotia--Halifax
United States
Georgia--Albany
Florida--Lakeland
Florida--West Palm Beach
Ontario--Trenton
Lake Ontario
Ontario--Toronto
Manitoba--Brandon
Manitoba--Winnipeg
New Brunswick--Moncton
England--Harrogate
England--Bournemouth
England--Whitley Bay
Great Britain Miscellaneous Island Dependencies--Douglas (Isle of Man)
Scotland--Elgin
Scotland--Findhorn
Scotland--Forres
Germany--Ramsen
England--York
France--Lorient
Germany--Helgoland
England--Flamborough Head
Germany--Kassel
Germany--Frankfurt am Main
Germany--Hannover
Germany--Mannheim
Germany--Ludwigshafen am Rhein
Germany--Stuttgart
Netherlands--IJssel Lake
England--Chigwell
England--Kew
England--Norwich
Europe--Frisian Islands
Florida
France
Georgia
Ontario
New Brunswick
Germany
Nova Scotia
Netherlands
North America--Niagara Falls
Germany--Nuremberg
Germany--Ruhr (Region)
England--Devon
England--Essex
England--Hampshire
England--Norfolk
England--Northumberland
England--Surrey
England--Yorkshire
England--Lancashire
England--Surrey
Manitoba
Coverage
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Royal Air Force
Royal Air Force. Bomber Command
United States Army Air Force
Language
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eng
Type
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Text
Text. Memoir
Format
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22 printed sheets
Identifier
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BWilsonRCWilsonRCv1
Temporal Coverage
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1941
1942
1943
1944
1943-10-02
1943-10-03
1943-10-04
1943-10-08
1943-10-09
1943-11-11
1943-11-12
1943-11-18
1943-11-19
1943-11-22
1943-11-23
1943-11-25
1943-11-26
1943-11-27
1943-12-29
1943-12-30
1944-01-20
1944-01-21
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This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
Publisher
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IBCC Digital Archive
Contributor
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Sue Smith
102 Squadron
4 Group
617 Squadron
77 Squadron
air gunner
Air Observers School
aircrew
Anson
anti-aircraft fire
bale out
Bismarck
bomb aimer
bomb trolley
bombing
bombing of Dresden (13 - 15 February 1945)
Churchill, Winston (1874-1965)
crewing up
Distinguished Flying Cross
Distinguished Flying Medal
entertainment
Flying Training School
Gee
H2S
Halifax
Halifax Mk 2
Halifax Mk 3
Harris, Arthur Travers (1892-1984)
Heavy Conversion Unit
Hitler, Adolf (1889-1945)
Initial Training Wing
killed in action
lack of moral fibre
Lancaster
Me 110
memorial
mid-air collision
military living conditions
military service conditions
mine laying
missing in action
navigator
Nissen hut
Oboe
Operational Training Unit
Pathfinders
perception of bombing war
pilot
prisoner of war
RAF Driffield
RAF Elvington
RAF Full Sutton
RAF Hartford Bridge
RAF Jurby
RAF Kinloss
RAF Lossiemouth
RAF Melbourne
RAF Pocklington
RAF Rufforth
RAF Syerston
RAF Torquay
service vehicle
Stalin, Joseph (1878-1953)
Stearman
target indicator
Tiger Moth
training
V-1
V-2
V-weapon
Wellington
Whitley
Window
wireless operator
-
https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/files/original/2067/34184/PStimpsonMC19010052.1.jpg
2adf84f33dd8dea512653414cb7b6452
https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/files/original/2067/34184/PStimpsonMC19010053.1.jpg
8bdad245e16e48328c4ae97311334744
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Stimpson, Maurice Cecil
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124 items. The collection concerns Flight Lieutenant Maurice Cecil Stimpson DFC (1921 - 1944, 155249 Royal Air Force) and contains his log books, photographs, documents, and pennants. He flew operations as a pilot with 156 Squadron and was killed 15 February 1944. <br /><br />The collection has been donated to the IBCC Digital Archive by Tony France and catalogued by Barry Hunter. <br /><br />Additional information on Maurice Cecil Stimpson is available via the <a href="https://losses.internationalbcc.co.uk/loss/226992/">IBCC Loses Database.</a>
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2019-09-22
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IBCC Digital Archive
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This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
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Stimpson,
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Cochran & B24
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A side view of a distant B24 at Cochran field, as annotated on the reverse.
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United States
Georgia--Cochran
Georgia
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United States Army Air Force
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eng
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Photograph
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One b/w photograph
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PStimpsonMC19010052,
PStimpsonMC19010053
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This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
B-24
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https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/files/original/2067/34136/MStimpsonMC155249-190922-09.2.pdf
b6cb8a35f5ba8ab8b917af1abba6e572
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The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Stimpson, Maurice Cecil
Description
An account of the resource
124 items. The collection concerns Flight Lieutenant Maurice Cecil Stimpson DFC (1921 - 1944, 155249 Royal Air Force) and contains his log books, photographs, documents, and pennants. He flew operations as a pilot with 156 Squadron and was killed 15 February 1944. <br /><br />The collection has been donated to the IBCC Digital Archive by Tony France and catalogued by Barry Hunter. <br /><br />Additional information on Maurice Cecil Stimpson is available via the <a href="https://losses.internationalbcc.co.uk/loss/226992/">IBCC Loses Database.</a>
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2019-09-22
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IBCC Digital Archive
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This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
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Stimpson,
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Transcription
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[Embossed Crest]
COCHRAN FIELD
Southeast Army Air Forces Training Center
1942
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ARMY AIR FORCES
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WINGS over America
For their assistance in furnishing pictures and editorial assistance for this volume and their co-operation in numerous other ways, grateful acknowledgment is made to the following: Public Relations Office, Army Air Forces, Washington, D.C.; Public Relations Office, Southeast Army Air Forces Training Center, Maxwell Field, Alabama; Gulf Coast Army Air Forces Training Center, Randolph Field, Texas; Public Relations Office, First District, Army Air Forces Technical Training Command, Miami Beach, Florida.
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Foreword
As members of the United States Armed Forces, you do not have to be told of the magnitude and importance of the task that lies before you.
At every base, station, and training field of the United States Army Air Forces, you are preparing yourselves for the great test of arms which will prove that the forces of democracy can destroy the evil power of the totalitarian nations.
Soon, you will take your places, as Bombardiers, Navigators, Pilots, and Gunners, alongside of our allies who have been fighting so valiantly. As mechanics and supply personnel, and in every type of ground duty, you will have the vital responsibility of making sure that our airplanes will be second to none.
We can win this war, and we will win it, but only if every officer and enlisted man puts forth all the fortitude and resourcefulness that Americans have always displayed in time of war.
There are trying times ahead, times that will test the mettle of all of us, but I am confident that the personnel of my command will acquit themselves with honor and distinction, no matter where and when we shall meet the enemy.
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Lieutenant General, U.S. Army.
Commanding General, Army Air Forces.
by Lieut. General H.H. Arnold
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LIEUTENANT GENERAL HENRY H. ARNOLD
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Captain Beck, Lieutenant Arnold, Captain Chandler, Lieutenant Milling, Lieutenant Kirtland.
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1908 Orville Wright
First flight September 5, 1908.
With the reorganization of the aviation setup of the United States Army, on March 9, 1942, has come the latest phase of the development of the nation’s military aviation from its groping, experimental days to its present status as an autonomous unit within the structure of the Army.
The story of the rapid growth of our nation’s military aviation, from an unimportant subdivision of the Signal Corps before the first World War, through the period when it was a corps of its own, the Air Corps, and now to a degree of tremendous importance as the Army Air Forces, co-equal in prominence with all the other Army combat arms combined, is a stirring saga of courage and inspiration, of indomitable will and far-sighted genius, all within the short space of 33 years.
The utilization of aviation by the Army, however, antedates 1909, the official birth year. Civilian aeronauts made observations from captive balloons for the Army of the Potomac during the American Civil War, and later the Army purchased a balloon in France which was used in Cuba during the Spanish-American War.
It was not, however, until the experiments of Langley, Maxim, Lillienthal, Bleriot, the Wrights and others had focused attention on the possibilities of heavier-than-air machines did the Army consider seriously this newest military adjunct. It was not until the Wrights had demonstrated that a heavier-than-air machine was not only feasible, but practical did the Army advertise for bids for the construction of an airplane. An aeronautical division of the Army was created in the Office of the Chief Signal Officer of the Army on July 1, 1907.
The Wright brothers produced an airplane which was delivered to Fort Myer, Virginia, on August 28, 1908. It as a biplane with a wing spread of about 40 feet and a wing area of some 500 square feet weighing approximately 800 pounds. The lateral controls were affected by warping the wings. The double elevator and the rudder were supported in front of the wings by an outrigger. The landing gear consisted of two runners, or skids, and the plane was launched from a monorail. After a series of disappointing accidents and many tests, the Board of Officers appointed to examine the plane made a favorable recommendation on August 2, 1909, and the Chief Signal Officer approved the recommendation the same day. This date is considered the birthday of the Army Air Forces.
While thus inaugurating the air arm of the service on this date, the value of aircraft in a military way was not immediately apparent, particularly to a nation at peace, and it was not until March, 1911, almost two years later, that Congress for the first time specifically appropriated money for aviation…to the tune of $125,000. By September, 1913, Army aviation had grown slowly until it had 17 planes, with a personnel of 23 officers and 91 enlisted men.
Inasmuch as the original conception of the role of aircraft in warfare was purely that of observation the control of military aviation was left in the hands of the Signal Corps, and indeed aviation remained in this branch until 1918, when it was divorced from the Signal Corps and expanded into two departments – the Bureau of Military Aeronautics and the Bureau of Aircraft Production. Upon the termination of the war these two departments were consolidated into the Air Service.
The first actual use of aircraft by the Army began in March, 1916, when the First Aero Squadron, composed of 16 officers, 77 enlisted men and eight airplanes began operations with the Punitive Expedition in Mexico.
The World War, of course, with its constantly accelerating emphasis
Wilbur Wright at Fort Myer, July 27, 1909.
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Orville Wright in flight, Maxwell Field, 1910.
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The DEVELOPMENT OF THE ARMY AIR FORCES
upon air power, was responsible for the rapid expansion of the American aviation. By the time of our declaration of war upon Germany in April of 1917, Army aviation consisted of 65 officers (35 of whom were flyers, 1,087 enlisted men and 55 airplanes. No better commentary can be made upon the changing role of air power at the beginning of the World War and of the present conflict than to compare this number with the 10,697 officers, 126,660 enlisted men and 8,707 aviation cadets which we had on June 30, 1941, with the number constantly increasing under the impetus of the greatest expansion program in history.
During the first eight years of its existence, 1909-1916 – a total of 142 airplanes had been delivered to Army Aviation. Congress, in July of 1917, appropriated $640,000,000 for Army Aviation, the largest appropriation which had ever been made up until that time for any single purpose. Working as rapidly as possible, the country began the gigantic task of catching up in production with countries long at war. The first task as to train American flyers and for this purpose flying schools and ground schools were set up at a number of schools and colleges. Nearly 15,000 flying cadets received training in this country, and about 1,800 in Europe. By March, 1918, our Army Aviation strength was 11,000 officers and 120,000 enlisted men.
At the time of the Armistice we had 757 pilots, 481 observers with 740 planes and 77 balloons at the front, and 1,402 pilots, 769 airplanes and 252 balloon observers had entered the Zone of Advance.
While at the time of the Armistice less than 25 per cent of the planes flown by American pilots were of American manufacture, we were already beginning to swing into large scale production, principally of British designed DeHavillands and Handley-Page’s equipped with the American Liberty motor, the greatest contribution of American manufacturers to the war effort.
American aviators were officially credited with the destruction of 491 enemy airplanes, of which 462 were accounted for by 63 aviators. We had 43 squadrons at the front at the time of the Armistice.
Following the conclusion of the war, our air strength was allowed to dwindle to 1,000 officers and 10,000 men.
The Army Reorganization Act of 1920 provided for 1,516 officers and 10,300 enlisted men for the Air Service, and the Air Corps Act of 1926 authorized a “Five Year Program” which contemplated at its conclusion a personnel strength of 1,650 officers and 15,000 enlisted men with 500 cadets, and equipment consisting of 1,800 serviceable planes.
On March 1, 1935, the famous GHQ Air Force was established, embracing all tactical Air Corps Units within the Continental United States. Prior to its formation combat squadrons were trained under widely different methods, depending upon the conceptions of the Group Commanders. The purpose, which was accomplished, of the GHQ Air Force, was to coordinate the systems of training so as to produce uniformity and the ability to operate together as a team. Another accomplishment was the later development of the combat crew as a fighting team. In practice, the same officers and men were assigned to the same airplane, and each team, through constant cooperation and practice, was able to attain a high degree of efficiency.
Even more important than all these innovations, however, was the fact that the Air Corps, as it was known then, was, for the first time, under a unified command, and under an air officer, Major General Frank M. Andrews (now a Lieutenant General in command of the Caribbean Defense Command). Here was another notable step toward the fullest development of our Army Air arm as an independently functioning entity, complete within itself.
This organization of air power into a highly mobile striking force of great unified power had, as its backbone, the function of Bombardment. The GHQ Air Force was divided into three Wings.
The First Wing, with headquarters at March Field, California, comprised two Bombardment Groups, one Attack Group, and two Reconnaissance Squadrons.
The Second Wing, with headquarters at Langley Field, Virginia, comprised two Bombardment and two Pursuit Groups, and two Reconnaissance Squadrons.
The Third Wing, at Barksdale Field, Louisiana, was composed of one Attack and one Pursuit Group.
But even this organization was to be changed soon by the pressure of ever-increasing expansion of our Army Aviation. On June 23, 1941, the Army Air Forces was established. These included the Headquarters, Army Air Forces, the Air Force Combat Command (which superceded the GHQ Air Force), the Air Corps and all other air
They Flew Them When. – Major H.H. Arnold, Major Thomas Dewitt Milling, pioneer military aviators, and Army planes of 30 years ago – taken in 1912 when Army air strength consisted of two planes.
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Burgess Tractor – 1914.
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Early Curtiss Training Plane No. 30 – at North Island, San Diego, California
WORLD WAR NO. 1 AND OUR
units. At the same time an Air Council was created to review and coordinate major Army aviation projects. The Air Council included Assistant Secretary of War for Air, Robert A. Lovett (ex-officio). Lieutenant General H.H. Arnold, president of the council, Lieutenant General Delos C. Emmons, Major General George A. Brett, and the Chief of the War Plans Division of the War Department General Staff.
In addition to his duties as Deputy Chief of Staff (Air), General Arnold became Chief of the Army Air Forces. General Emmons was made Chief of the Air Force Combat Command, and General Brett, Chief of the Air Corps.
At the end of May, 1941, the Ferrying Command was organized to speed up the process of getting bombers to our English allies. Originally under the command of Colonel Robert Olds (now a Brigadier General in command of the Second Air Force at Spokane, Washington), it is now commanded by Brigadier General Harold L. George, and designated Air Transport Command. Since Pearl Harbor its activities have been vastly expanded into a huge world-wide organization engaged in the transport of all types of aircraft, plus supplies, equipment, and personnel to all the fighting fronts.
By the final reorganization, or “streamlining” which took place last March, the Air Corps ceased to exist, even as a purely administrative organization, and the Combat Command was eliminated, as well. The various combat Air Forces, which are complete units of themselves, are now directly under the command of overall field commanders such as General MacArthur, another step forward in unified command. It is interesting to note that many of these field commanders, whose commands comprise all arms of the service, are themselves air officers, such as General Andrews, in the Caribbean. Each Air Force is, of course, commanded by an Air Force Officer, of general grade, whether within the continental United States or overseas.
These combat forces include all units of military aviation such as bombardment, interception (fighter squadrons), observation, and ground-air support, together with the necessary maintenance service.
As a result of the March 9 change, the Air Forces are recognized as one of the three elements of the Army, together with Ground Forces and Supply. This new organization, designed to simplify and speed up the chain of command, and to provide the flexibility and efficiency of operation necessary to accomplish the enormous task that lies ahead, designates Lieutenant General H.H. Arnold as Commanding General, Army Air Forces, and also as Deputy Chief of Staff for Air on the Army General Staff. By the same reorganization, Lieutenant General Joseph T. McNarney, one of the ablest American air strategists, was made Deputy Chief of Staff.
In addition to these two officers, however, the Air Forces have a far greater representation than ever on the General Staff. As a matter of fact, the General Staff, as now constituted, is about one-half composed of officers from the Air Staff.
The Air Staff, which is rather like a Staff within a Staff, and which is a purely Air Forces organization, is similar in general outline to the General Staff, but on a slightly smaller scale, with designations such as A-1, A-2, etc.
The complexity and extension of Army aviation from its simple Signal Corps days until the present is no better illustrated than by a brief review of the various branches of the Air Forces. The overall picture of the Army Air Forces organization may be summed up under four key words: Policy, Forces, Operations and Commands.
The Policy function has already been discussed at the start of this article. It is handled by the Commanding General of the Army Air Forces and the Air Staff, plus the Air Forces participation in the Army General Staff. In addition to the Assistant Chiefs of the Air Staff (A-1, A-2, A-3 and A-4), there is an Air Inspector.
The various Air Forces, which are the combat organizations of the Army Air Forces, have been covered in paragraphs above.
The next group in the logical breakdown of the Army Air Forces organization is the Operations Staff; this is divided into Military Requirements, Technical Services, and seven administrative agencies: the Public Relations Officer, Director of Personnel, the Air Surgeon, Air Judge Advocate, Budget Officer, Director of Management Control, and Military Director of Civil Aviation.
Now for the fourth element of the organization of the Army Air Forces: operating directly under the Commanding General of the
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Army Air Forces, seven great commands compose the last stages of Air Forces preparation for combat units. It may be of interest to outline the functions of these various Commands.
1. The MATERIAL COMMAND. Experimental aviation activities, which were carried on at Washington by a few technicians prior to the World War, were concentrated at Dayton, Ohio, on November 5, 1917, under the command of Colonel V.E. Clark, Signal Corps. The laboratories, located at McCook Field, were supplemented by offices in Dayton. In 1926 the Air Service became the Air Corps and the functions of supply, procurement and maintenance of aircraft were added to this division, and the name changed to “Material Division.”
The location of the division was changed from McCook Field to Wright Field in 1926.
The Material Division has figured directly or indirectly in nearly all important aircraft developments, commercial as well as military. It is the great experimental and testing branch of the Air Force and includes among its many accomplishments superchargers, the “Whirlwind” engine, use of ethylene glycol for high temperature cooling, high octane gasoline, vibration control, metal propellers, night and instrument flying, haze penetrating film for aerial photography, night and color photography, and many other developments.
2. THE FLYING TRAINING COMMAND. While the Headquarters of the Air Corps Training Center began to function at Duncan Field, San Antonio, Texas, in 1936, flying training in the Army has been continuous almost since the purchase of the first Wright airplane in 1909.
The first Army flying school was established at College Park, Maryland, in October, 1909. Lieutenant Frank P. Lahm and Frederick E. Humphreys were the first students of the Wright brothers. Lieutenant Lahm later became a Brigadier General and commanded the Training Center from its inception in September, 1926, until August 31, 1930. This veteran flyer is now Air Officer of the Second Corps Area at Governors Island, New York. Among the first five Army aviators were Lieutenant H.H. Arnold, now Lieutenant General. Among them also was Lieutenant Benjamin D. Foulois, now Major General, retired. General Foulois became a Brigadier General at the age of 38 as Chief of the Air Service of the First Army, American Expeditionary Force. He became a Major General and Chief of the Air Corps on December 20, 1931.
The function of the Flying Training Command, is, of course, to co-ordinate and direct the immense job of providing officers and men for the vastly expanding Air Forces. In order to accomplish this with the greatest efficiency and to eliminate the possibility of administrative bottlenecks, General Arnold set up the Flying Training Command, as it now exists, under the command of Major General Barton K. Yount, with headquarters at Fort Worth, Texas. This command is divided in three great regional training areas, one in the Southeast, on in the Gulf Coast region, and one in the Southwest. All of these regional training areas are complete within themselves, providing their own Reception Centers, Replacement Centers, Primary, Basic, and Advanced Schools (for pilot trainees), and Navigator Schools. Bombardier trainees, however, are all sent to schools located in the Southwestern part of the country, where weather conditions are best
AIR FORCE STRENGTH GROWS
Top Picture: 213th Aero Squadron, Second Army – Enlisted Men. Bottom Picture: Officers and Planes – N. 13 Pursuit Squadron, Third Pursuit Group.
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Captain C. Def. Chandler and Lieutenant Roy. T. Kirtland – in Wright Type B airplanes with Lewis machine gun, June 7, 1912. – The first machine gun ever fired from airplane (Lieutenant Kirtland was pilot for test).
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[Drawing]
for this particular type of training. The Flying Training Command also provides for instruction in fixed and flexible gunnery.
3. The TECHNICAL TRAINING COMMAND. The first effort to train Army aviation mechanics systematically was during the early days of the World War, utilizing state universities and civil technical schools. The system was a failure, due to the large costs involved as well as other reasons. Therefore, the Aviation Section, Signal Corps, established schools at St. Paul, Minnesota, and at Kelly Field, Texas. The Kelly Field school was discontinued after the Armistice.
In 1921 the school was moved to Chanute Field, Illinois, and in 1922 the Photographic School, at Langley Field and the Communications School, at Fort Sill were consolidated with it.
The school outgrew its area and in 1935 another site was sought for a second school, and a second school was established at Lowry Field, near Denver, Colorado.
The present expansion program of Army Aviation has necessitated the further expansion of the mechanic training program in order to provide the ever increasing Air Forces with an adequate supply of trained mechanics, particularly in view of the fact that engines and equipment are constantly becoming more complex as well as progressively more modern.
The Technical Training Command provides technical training for Army Air Forces personnel not trained by the Flying Training Command. Under this category come not only ground crew personnel,
Lieutenant Henry H. Arnold in Wright B airplane, College Park, Maryland, 1911.
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[Drawing]
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such as mechanics, but also such aircrew members as the aerial engineer and communications officer.
4. The AIR TRANSPORT COMMAND, as discussed previously, is concerned with air transport, for military use all over the world.
5. The AIR SERVICE COMMAND operates air depots, repairs aircraft, and distributes aircraft, equipment, and supplies to air units in the United States.
6. The TROOP TRANSPORT COMMAND transports air-borne troops and equipment, parachute troops and equipment, and tows troop- and cargo-carrying gliders.
7. The PROVING GROUND COMMAND operates proving grounds to test aircraft and equipment.
AIR COMBAT
It is quite probable that it is entirely too soon to attempt to define the role of the airplane in relation to the other combat forces of a nation. In spite of that fact there has been raging, and indeed still goes on, a debate between those who feel that air power has to a large extent superceded sea power and even land power as the deciding element in modern warfare, and those who feel that this extreme theory has yet to be supported by actual facts. There are extremists who argue, like the Russian designer Seversky and the Italian General Douhet, that the day of the surface fleet is over, and that the future wars will be decided by the relative merits of the air forces of the combatants. On the other hand, we have the sure evidence of the failure of bombing alone either to permanently disrupt the war effort of a country or to terrorise its civilians into demands that its government surrenders. In neither the Spanish Civil War nor in this war, up until the present, has it been possible for the advocates of air power alone to prove their contentions.
At the same time it must be granted that no nation has as yet been able to mount the type of air attack envisioned by those who hold that it will be air power that will decide the war. It seems likely, however, that this theory will be given a thorough test before the war is done.
Certainly it is true that the conception of the airplane has already undergone a remarkable series of changes since the beginning of the World War, when it was regarded not in the light of a combat weapon at all. Indeed the first airplanes used in the World War were almost always of one type, a two-seater designed for reconnaissance work. As the war progressed specialization appeared and a class of airplanes designed first for air fighting then for bombing appeared. Several nations, prior to the war, has experimented with the arming of aircraft with machine guns, but on the outbreak of the war no plane on the front was so armed. Rifles, carbines, pistols and hand grenades were carried by the pilot and observer. The tactics of air fighting were rudimentary. The pilots simply flew close to the enemy and when within range the pilot and the observer blazed away with any weapon they happened to have handy.
In the summer of 1915, belligerants began to mount machine guns in the planes, usually on a swivel bar at the back of the observer’s seat. The observer could only fire the gun backward toward the tail of the plane, firing over the pilot’s head, which made for a very restricted zone of fire. This necessitated that in order to fire on an opponent, the plane had to fly away from the enemy, thus making it very difficult to be effective. The British experimented with a type of plane in which the gun was mounted in the front and the motors faced the rear. This type gave the advantage of frontal firing, but was so slow on climbing and flight that it was abandoned within a short time.
The first real fighting aircraft to make its appearance was the German Fokker monoplane. Fast, maneuverable, and of the tractor type, the plane had a machine gun mounted in such a fashion as to synchronize with the revolutions of the propeller, thus allowing it to be fired straight ahead. The pilot aimed the gun by aiming the airplane. This plane was so obviously superior to those of the Allies that command of the air had passed to the Germans throughout the rest of the year. In 1916, however, the British were able to challenge the Germans by producing their own type of front firing plane, although it was not until near the end of 1916 that the Allies were able to produce machine gun mounted planes of the Fokker type.
The success of the Fokker airplane was responsible for the advent of formation flying. Casualties among the French and British had grown so heavy that individual flights were discontinued and flights of three or more planes took their place. The Germans retaliated and by the end of the war patrols were the accepted form of air tactics.
It early became apparent to air-minded officers that great damage could be inflicted upon the enemy by dropping bombs from aircraft on his troops, ammunition dumps, factories and other military installations. Indeed, many of the early fighters attempted some rudimentary bombing flights, using hand grenades. These were usually
Wright airplane – First plane in Philippine Islands at Fort McKinley, 1912 – Lieutenant Frank P. Lahm, pilot.
[Photograph]
First plane used by American aviators in France during World War (1918), Morane Roulier, airplane.
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99th Aero Squadron officers in front of planes.
Salinson plane. 91st Squadron.
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Wright machine; with P. Parmalee and Lieutenant M.S. Crissy with first explosive aerial bomb.
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Ineffective except in rare instances. Bombs were then devised which could be dropped from the plane. In early bombing raids the bombs were carried in the cockpit of ordinary fighter planes and heaved over the side by the observer whenever he judged himself to be in a position to hit his target. This was a clumsy, inaccurate system, however, that soon lead to the design of an entirely different craft made for bombing alone, and equipped with machine guns for protection. These planes, which were growing larger and larger as the war progressed, were equipped with bomb racks controlled by mechanisms within the bomber, and carried crews from three to six men. They were utilized at first as lone raiders, depending on stealth and surprise to accomplish their tasks, but by 1917 there had evolved the system of formation attacks by squadrons of bombers escorted by fighter planes as a protective screen. The Germans used this system first to great advantage, and by concentrating very large flights were able not only to concentrate the power of the bombing assault, but have enough fighters to sweep the skies of the opposition.
In addition to the duties of Reconnaissance, the original role of the airplane, had been added the duty of patrol, straffing and bombing, with the Bombardment arm always tending to become more and more important.
After the war the Air Services of all countries began to experiment more and more with the development of bombing planes of increased power and destructive ability. It was realised that it was increasingly possible for planes to inflict very heavy damage on the enemy from the air.
The development of bombsights by all the major powers was to a large degree responsible for this. The American bombsight was recognized as being probably the most accurate of any developed in this period. Accuracy in hitting a predetermined target was coupled with increased altitude which made the planes more safe from enemy fighters and antiaircraft attack. Increased speed and range of the planes has developed down until the present time, when every belligerant possesses bombers capable of flying immense distances with heavy bomb loads.
The United States was among the first to develop the art of dive bombing, wherein the plane is pointed downward at the target and releases its bomb very low, depending upon the tremendous speed of the dive for protection. The dive bomber is very accurate inasmuch as the pilot has the target before him on the way down and does not release his bombs until just above it. It remained for the Germans to develop this to the highest, and it was employed with great success in the battle of France. Many military experts say that the Stuka dive bomber is the greatest single contribution of the war to air combat. The Germans also experimented with and developed the use of air-borne soldiers, utilizing the parachute, originally a safety device, as an instrument for the dropping of offensive men behind the enemy lines. The Russians also have used this extensively, and paratroops are now a part of every belligerant Army. Troop transports capable of carrying many men, supplies and equipment have also been developed, and in the battle of Crete the Germans used air-borne troops to carry the brunt of the battle.
The Japanese and the British have both added chapters to the development of air combat by the use of the torpedo-carrying planes as an effective weapon with which to attack enemy warcraft which are not heavily protected by fighter planes. The English at Taranto and the Japanese at Pearl Harbor and off Malaya demonstrated that unprotected warships can be sunk with relative ease by planes of this type unless they are in turn protected by fighter planes based either on land or on accompanying aircraft carriers.
The day of the spectacular individual air “ace” has apparently closed, as pilots are taught more and more to fly and to fight in absolute formation. Formations are increasing in size as the strength of the warring nations in the air continues to grow.
There has been a growing belief on the part of military men that the day of air power in combat is only begun, and that this war will produce innovations and changes equally as great as those produced in the World War. It is certain that each day, all over America, more and more fighters, bombardiers, navigators, observers, gunners, mechanics and technicians are being trained for whatever role shall be assigned them in America’s growing air armada.
CHIEF OF THE AIR CORPS (Now Army Air Forces)
During the World War, Army Aviation was divided into the Bureau of Military Aeronautics, directed by Major General William L. Kenly, and the Bureau of Aircraft Production, directed by Mr. John D. Ryan, the copper magnate. With the advent of peace, these bureaus were consolidated under one title – Air Service – under the command of Major General Charles T. Menoher, who had commanded the 42nd (Rainbow) Division overseas.
On October 4, 1921, General Menoher was succeeded by Major General Mason M. Patrick. He remained in command until his retirement on December 13, 1927, and was succeeded by Major General James E. Fechet, who served until his retirement in 1931.
Major General Benjamin D. Foulois served for four years, until December, 1935, when he was succeeded by Major General Oscar Westover, who served until his death in a flying accident in 1938. At that time Major General (now Lieutenant General) H.H. Arnold took over and to him has fallen the immense task of directing the Air Force through the present period of war.
96th Aero Squadron officers (Lieutenant Samuel Lunt, fourth from right).
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ARMY AIR FORCES ACCOMPLISHMENTS
From the end of the World War to the present time, the Air Forces have pioneered in numerous aviation activities. A few of these flights and activities, chronologically arranged, are as follows:
1920-February 27. Major Rudolph W. Schroeder established a world’s altitude record of 33,000 feet.
1921-February 12. The Army Air Service successfully completed a Washington, D.C., to Dayton, Ohio, flight.
1921-September 1. The Army Air Service successfully completed a total of 396 forestry patrol flights in the Northwest.
1922- October 6. Lieutenants Oakley G. Kelly and John A. Macready established a world’s endurance record of 35 hours, 18 1-4 minutes.
1922-October 18. Brigadier General William Mitchell established a world’s record for speed over a measured 3-kilometer course of 224.38 m.p.h.
1922- November 4. Lieutenants Kelly and Macready established a world’s record for distance with a flight of 2,060 miles, from San Diego, California, to Fort Benjamin, Indiana.
1923-April 3. Six Army land planes completed a flight to Porto Rico and return.
1923-April 19. Marooned inhabitants of South Fox Island, off the coast of Michigan, were afforded relief through the dropping from Army planes of food and clothing.
1924-March 17. Four Army Douglas World Cruisers departed on an aerial journey around the world. Two of the planes successfully completed the flight of 27,550 miles in 175 days.
1925- November 20. Lieutenant George W. Goddard, Air Corps, made the first successful night aerial photograph.
1926-April 19. The first maneuvers involving the entire Air Service were held at Fairfield, Ohio, in which a total of 45 officers and 67 enlisted men participated, utilizing 44 airplanes.
1927-May 2. The “Good Will” flight returned from South America, after covering a distance exceeding 20,000 miles since December 21, 1926.
1927-May 4. Captain Hawthorne C. Gray, Air Corps, in a free balloon, reached 42,470 feet, the highest altitude ever attained by man up to that time.
1927-June 29. Lieutenants Lester J. Maitland and Albert F. Hegenberger, Air Corps, landed at Honolulu, Hawaii, after having spanned 2,400 miles over the Pacific Ocean from Oakland, California.
1928-June 30. Captain William E. Kepner and Lieutenant William O. Eareckson, aide, representing the Air Corps in the International Free Balloon Race, won first honors, giving the United States permanent possession of the Gordon Bennett Trophy, since it marked the third consecutive time American aeronauts won this trophy.
1929-August 31. Captain Albert W. Stevens, Air Corps, photographed Mt. Rainier from an airplane which was at a distance of 227 miles from this mountain, exceeding by 50 miles any previous record in long-distance aerial photography.
1929-September 24. Lieutenant James H. Doolittle, Air Corps, in a public demonstration of “instrument flying,” accomplished a take-off and a landing solely through the use of instruments, for which he received the International League of Aviators Trophy.
1930-June 20-21. Randolph, San Antonio, Texas, Headquarters of the Air Corps Training Center, was dedicated.
1931-May 18-30, The annual Air Corps Field Exercises began at Dayton, Ohio, and ended at Washington, D.C. The Atlantic seaboard from Maine to Virginia was covered. The First Air Division participated comprising 692 officers, 69 flying cadets and 643 enlisted men. A total of 667 airplanes of all types was utilized in these exercises.
1932- May 9. Captain Albert F. Hegenberger accomplished the first solo flight entirely by instruments.
1933- Master Sergeant Ralph W. Bottriell, of Kelly Field, Texas, was presented the Distinguished Flying Cross for having made the first jump from an Army airplane with the free type parachute, in May, 1919. It was as a result of Sergeant Bottriell’s pioneering that the Air Corps developed the present type parachute.
1934-December 27. The Secretary of War approved the GHQ Air Force organization, and Lieutenant Colonel Frank M. Andrews, designated as its first Commander, was appointed a Major General.
1935-March 1. The GHQ Air Force was officially organized.
1935-August 29. Air Corps engineers made the first flight using the radio compass to control the automatic pilot and thus providing automatic radio navigation.
1935-November 11. Captains Albert W. Stevens and Orvil A. Anderson, Air Corps, reached 72,395 feet in the stratosphere balloon.
1935-December 27. Army bombers scored direct hits on the lava flow from the Mauna Loa volcano in Hawaii which was menacing the city of Hilo. The bombing tended to divert the lava flow to other channels.
1936-March. The Second Bombardment Group of Langley Field, Virginia, dropped 8,000 pounds of food and medical supplies to communities in Pennsylvania isolated by flood waters. A total of 45 officers and 100 enlisted men participated in these relief missions, utilizing 30 airplanes.
1936-February 10. Major Barney M. Giles, Air Corps; Second Lieutenant J.H. Patrick, Air Reserve; Staff Sergeant D.E. Hamilton and Corporal Frank B. Connor, Air Corps, took off from Concord, New Hampshire, about midnight and located seven CCC youths marooned on drifting ice in Cape Cod Bay. Major Giles circled over the party to show their position to Coast Guard personnel and other planes, which dropped food and blankets. Each of the four airmen received the Distinguished Flying Cross.
1936-June 29. Major General Frank M. Andrews made a non-stop distance record for amphibian planes by piloting the Douglas OA-5 1,425 miles from Porto Rico to Langley Field, Virginia, in 11 hours and 9 minutes.
1937-August 5. The Air Corps substratosphere plane, the Lockheed XC-35, made its initial performance flights at Wright Field, Ohio. Being equipped with a supercharged cabin, oxygen equipment was unnecessary.
1937-August 23. Captains Carl J. Crane and George V. Holloman, Air Corps, and Mr. Raymond K. Stout, Project Engineer, all of Wright Field, made two entirely automatic landings under adverse weather conditions.
1938-April 20. Four officers and five enlisted men began instruction at Patterson Field, Fairfield, made two entirely automatic landings under adverse weather conditions.
1938- February 15-27. Six B-17 bombers flew from Langley field, Virginia, to Buenos Aires, Argentina, and return. The trip south involved landings at Miami, Florida, Lima, Peru, and Buenos Aires. Returning landings were made at Santiago, Chile, Lima and Albrook Field, Panama Canal Zone.
1938-April 14. During a period of four days, all food, grain and supplies necessary for a Cavalry detachment of 30 men and 30 horses were dropped from an airplane in the mountains of the Big Bend District in Texas.
1939-February 4-6. Major C.V. Haynes, Air Corps, with a crew of 10 officers and men, flew the XB-15 bombardment plane from Langley Field, Virginia, to Santiago, Chile, with a load of vaccines and other medical supplies, totalling over 3,000 pounds, needed for earthquake sufferers. The distance of about 5,000 miles between Langley Field and Santiago was accomplished in 49 hours, 18 minutes elapsed time, and in a flying time of 29 hours and 53 minutes.
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CLASSIFICATION
PRE-FLIGHT
Fully equipped and proud of his new uniform an aviation cadet leaves the receiving building, a new man.
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Beginning CADET TRAINING
The first half hour is the easiest when a young American reports for training in the Army Air Forces. Having been examined, passed and signed up in his home town, he is then sent to the cadet Classification Center for actual induction – the first step on the tough but exciting road to his Army Air Forces Wings. What happens to him immediately on arrival is shown on this page. Having gone through the “first half hour” shown here, the cadet will soon be classified by aptitude tests for bombardier, navigator, or pilot training, and
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WHAT NEXT? is the cheerful attitude of a typical aviation cadet as he plunges into a new life at one of the Classification Centers. In less than half an hour he will be fully transformed from a civilian to a completely outfitted cadet.
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Above: THE COMPLETE CHANGE takes place in one large building. In the first room the aviation cadet is assigned to a squadron. On the next counter he will check in his luggage. Signs make questions unnecessary, and arrows on the floor lead cadets through the transition process from start to finish.
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Left: BLOCKING THE WAY ON THE “MAIN LINE” through the building is the shower room where the aviation cadets are required to give themselves a good scrubbing and to put civilian clothes in one of two barrack bags handed them. Second bag is for military clothes to be issued them.
Below: In footprints painted on the floor, the aviation cadet stands while experts size him up as to physical development. Expert alligns his backbone with two strings to see if it is perfectly straight. Physical records are kept on cadets throughout the training period with a view toward correcting minor ailments by specialized exercises.
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ON PARADE
sent to a specialized school in one of the training centers. Less than a year later he will emerge as one of the best flying officers in the world, ready to join Uncle Sam’s mighty air armada in actual combat.
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Above: Gone for the duration are civilian clothes. This aviation cadet tries on one of two pair of neat Army oxfords issued him. Civies are laid away in duffel bag.
Below, Top Picture: High-flying Army Air Forces fight low-crawling athlete’s foot effectively simply by preventing it. Each cade wears paper sandals from the shower until the time he puts on his shoes.
Bottom Picture: Snappy coat and cap are issued cadets at the end of the long clothing line. To transform this outfit to that of an officer if he is commissioned Second Lieutenant at the end of the course, cadet has only to put on Regular Air Forces insignia and remove blue band from his cap.
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Tug o’war on the athletic area.
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On the pistol range.
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Over the hurdle on the obstacle course.
PRE-FLIGHT TRAINING
After completing the tests in the Classification Center, the new air corps man is assigned to a pre-flight training school for a training course prior to being sent to a Primary Flight School.
Future pilots who are to receive their pre-flight training are sent to one of several fields, where they undergo nine weeks of intensive training.
The training program for the pre-flight pilot is in three major divisions, stressing athletics, military and academic work. They are given one hour a day in athletics and one hour is devoted to military training. The military training consists of close order drill which tends to improve military carriage and to teach discipline. Each man is drilled in the elements of military courtesy and receives actual practice in firing the 45 caliber pistol.
The academic program includes extensive studies in mathematics, physics, military law, citizenship, national policy, organization of the United States Government, the Air Corps, the Army, current events, types of Air Force equipment and armament, command and administration in small units, the firing of the 45 caliber pistol, and defense against chemical attack.
Each four and one half weeks, a new group is sent in from the Classification Center to the Pre-Flight Pilot School and each class moves up. The upper class members have their first actual practice in some of their training as they take charge of the new pilot students and get the new group settled. As the new group begins their nine weeks’ course, the upper class moves into the final phase of their training before graduating to the Primary School.
The Pre-Flight Navigator is sent from the Classification Center to one of several Navigator Pre-Flight Training Schools, where he undergoes nine weeks of training which is basically the same as the pre-flight pilot. There the work is divided into the same three categories with their academic work placing more stress on mathematics. Their other studies include Morse code, air forces, flags of all nations, ground forces, physics, naval forces, meteorology, photography, maps and charts, communication, procedure, cryptography, and target identification.
They are also taught military discipline and the proper ways of safeguarding military information. They spend five hours each day in these classes with new clases [sic] coming in every three weeks. Their military training consists of 45 minutes each day spent in close order drill and inspections each Saturday. During the nine weeks course the men are also given some training in chemical warfare and the use of gas masks and how to recognise the various types of gases.
The ultimate aim of the Navigator School is to give officer training and to give work valuable to them as aircraft observers and to give work
Cadets line up with their ladies.
Cadets arrive from classification center.
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At the piano in the cadet recreation building.
A typical room scene in cadet barracks.
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Grand march under sabre arch at Cadet Ball.
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Rifle inspection.
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The Colors.
which is prerequisite to the advanced schools. The Navigation School works in conjunction with the advanced schools and at the end of each nine weeks a new class is ready to begin the advanced work.
The Pre-Flight bombardier is sent from the Classification Center to one of the many bombardier schools where he also is subjected to the nine weeks of basic pre-flight training. His academic training lays particular stress upon work in bombardment aviation and particular training in observation from the plane. Other courses are practically the same as those required for a pre-flight navigator.
Throughout the first each “half hour” at the Classification Center and the nine weeks of pre-flight training, the would-be pilot, navigator and bombardier, all have one thought uppermost … to do their best and to get one step further along the road that leads to … WINGS.
PREFLIGHT
Preparing for Saturday inspection.
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Awarding trophies.
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PHYSICAL TRAINING WITH WANDS
Cadets entering the huge mess hall for dinner.
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The shrouds on the parachute must be right.
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Classroom instruction.
The PRIMARIES
Seasoned and well-drilled, with a fair idea of what military life is about, pilot trainees arrive at one of the Army Air Forces Training Center’s elementary flying schools.
These schools are civil airports under contract to the Air Forces. They have lost their indolent look of Sunday afternoon. The leisure is gone out of them. No groups of civilian pilots
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Primary trainers.
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Do it this way.
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loll around in leather jackets. No variety of civilian ships hang around in the afternoon sunlight. The ships are now all blue and yellow trainers – or PT’S. They go up one after another in steady drone. Their motors make a business-like, determined cadence in the air. The atmosphere is calmly serious, for here at elementary school is where the cadet must prove whether or not he has the “stuff” to become a military pilot.
His instructor is a civilian. Before the elementary period is up, this instructor must be able to say to his student:
“You have the inherent ability to fly. You have proved it by soloing within from eight to 12 hours. You have taken your ship up and brought it down countless after countless times. You have done infinitely more than this. You have gone up alone and done acrobatics. You have fought back your uneasiness and done loops and snap rolls. You have put your ship in a bad spin and have brought it out … which, as I say, proves nothing at all except – you are ready to go to Basic School … and luck go with you.”
That is all a cadet can hope to get from elementary school, a solid foundation in flying and a boost into a more difficult curriculum. A considerable number of all who enter elementary school never realize this hope, since they “wash out” for lack of “inherent flying ability.”
Thousands, however, do make the grade. From the Primaries every nine weeks pour a new crop of cadets, men assured of only one thing – that they can fly a PT, understand its simple movements, and comprehend its rudimentary instrument board.
They take with them to Air Corps Basic School this experience – and hope.
LEARNING TO FLY PT’S
Flying blithely through the air may be the dream of many a future pilot when he arrives at a primary training school, but the actual art of successful piloting is no fantasy. The cadet finds that it’s a combination of hard work, intense concentration, a fear of the “washing machine” and an intangible something that he either has or he hasn’t.
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Last-minute instruction.
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Top: Along the obstacle course
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A parachute is better than a rabbit’s foot.
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Right: Mass athletic drill.
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This is what makes it fly.
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Ready for the first ride.
He arrives at a primary school and after being quartered and fed, reports early one morning at the flight line for his first ride. With four or five other cadets comprising his group, he is assigned to an instructor. First he has to learn how to don a parachute, which is an art in itself. He then climbs into the rear cockpit and sits down to look it over. A “stick”, two rudder bars, a throttle, an altimeter and tachometer are the chief instruments he must learn to use in governing the flight of his ship.
First he hooks on his gosports, which are rubber tubes through which his instructor can talk; and much to the consternation of many a “dodo”, he learns there is no way to talk back. Ready to go, he “shoves the coal” to his “crate” and taxis in S curves, for better visibility, out to the runway.
All clear, the cadet, with a slight sinking sensation, inches the throttle forward as the ship gathers speed, gradually applies forward pressure to the stick. Then, just at the right time, he hauls back on the control and pulls the nose up into a long, shallow climb.
“Not so steep … take it easy … Do you want to stall this crate?” the instructor barks in his ears.
A fleeting glance downward causes the cadet to gulp a couple of times to keep his heart down. The ground drops swiftly away. He circles the field to gain altitude, all the time being careful to conform to the local traffic pattern.
At last he reaches the altitude for straight and level flight.
“Left wing too low – Pull ‘er nose up – Watch that tachometer, she’s revving too high – Ease back on the throttle – Hold a little right rudder,” the instructor cautions.
Correction after correction burns up the gosports as the instructor’s monologue becomes a steady drumming in the ears of the chagrined cadet.
As days go by, the cadet learns the “feel” of the plane, becomes dexterous at the more simple maneuvers of flight and recognizes the various plane altitudes and their relations to maintaining his course. He is now ready for that glorious experience when, for the first time, with hight spirits and sinking heart, he takes off, flies and lands, without the comforting companionship of his instructor. He solos.
After the “solo” he becomes familiar with various acrobatic maneuvers. Slow-rolls, snap-rolls, loops, spins, chandelles and lazy eights are part of the concentrated training program.
Then suddenly after weeks of primary training, he gazes upon a new world. A world he dared not even dream of heretofore – the world of Basic Flying School.
He is no longer a “dodo”. He rapidly is developing into an Army Air Forces pilot. If he ever had a sinking sensation upon looking at an airplane he probably has lost it by now, and when anyone asks him if he can fly, he can answer “yes, sir” in a low, reserved tone – but with one eye cocked toward days to come.
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Leaving the hangar.
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BASIC TRAINING
Off we go into the wild blue yonder, climbing high into the sun:
Those first line of “The Air Corps Song” provide the setting for this photomontage of men and planes. Dominated by that sleek, stub-nosed master of the skies, the advanced trainer at the left, the picture shows (bottom to top) the Corps of Cadets on the march, with the Stars and Stripes of America flying beside the British Union Jack, and the U.S. cadet and the R.A.F. standards billowing next to them. Directly overhead is a scene on the flying line, and above that are the “Three Musketeers” of the air – the combat team of pilot, bombardier and navigator. Surmounting all is an echelon of warbirds, ready to loose their thunder on any enemy who dares to confront them.
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READY TO FLY
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Life IN BASIC TRAINING
Stepping on to the whirligig of basic school, the cadet’s first warm glow of enthusiasm soon changes to puzzled bewilderment. The very speed with which he is carried both in his new ship in the air and in the classroom on the ground reminds him of an old phrase he heard quite often in the first week of training: “Wipe that smile off your face, Mister.”
In addition to more difficult flying technique, he steps into even harder military routine, and to the casual observer his thrust-out chest is likely to appear as the only visible part of his anatomy. His memory, constantly being polished up on matters of military discipline, begins to shine like the wings he strives for.
The weight of the world is on his shoulders when after four or five hours instruction comes the day when he must take his heavier and faster ship up for “solo”. It is only after this accomplishment that he begins to warm up once more to the possibility that he may still have the makings of the world’s hottest pilot. By the day of his second solo he is getting downright eager.
But always present, outstriding by just one step his rising enthusiasm, are the upperclassmen to keep his “eagerness” at half throttle. Once he is allowed to sit on the “little red stool” or to count himself a member of the “Eager Squadron,” he may be convinced that no one is perfect – not even himself – that all is not perfect, and that maybe his even a “gross” cadet.
WARM HAND OF WELCOME FOR UNCLE SAM’S ENEMIES. Etched again sky, traditional Army .45’s are aimed by Army Air Cadets. The revolvers may be no match for dive bombers but they are mighty handy in hand-to-hand fighting on the ground.
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Instructor’s favorite method of demonstrating plane altitudes is with his hands. Below: An instructor explains a formation maneuver while cadets “follow through.”
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At basic he makes his first sundown trek to the flight line, and, after many anxious moments, and by the light of the moon (if he is lucky) he shoves his plane up toward the constellations and realizes he
is making his first night flight.
After that comes instrument training, and more night flights, and cross-country flying and more night flights, the use of the radio, and still more night flights.
By this time also, he has learned that there is such a thing as “flaps,” and has learned how to use them. With his hair standing on end he perceives there are times to use flaps and times not to use flaps.
Finally, comes that day when he happily watches the upperclassmen move on to Advanced Training. A self-satisfied smile spreads across his face, for now HE is an upperclassman.
Immediately, he turns to the new arrival from Primary and barks, “Brace there, Mister … Where did you get so gross? What country club did you come from?”
There is little time to “lord it.” His time now is taken up sunk in navigation problems to prepare him for cross-country flights. He is quite busy getting a firm hand on his tricky BT.
Basic seems to become very “gross” toward the end. The cadet becomes conscious of a new world, the last to be thoroughly toured before he gets his commission to the world known as Advanced Flying School.
Cadet mess.
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Basic trainers on the line.
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NIGHT FLIGHT
ADVANCED TRAINING
“Where the pig iron is taken and molded into the finished product.” The third and last phase in an aviation cadet’s training is at Advanced, and it is here that the polish is applied and the kinks taken out before sending him out as an officer. For the first time, the cadet is considered a pilot – and the instructor, his flight commander. He learns to carry the responsibility which will soon be his – to know that in his hands are the lives of others as well as his own.
Having completed Primary and Basic training, the boys decide they’re pilots and that this Advanced “stuff” isn’t going to get them. No Sir! After handling those basic trainers, the AT’s are going to be easy. All goes well – the cadets report in. No hazing from the upperclass – in fact, no trouble at all as long as they remain “eager.”
The first ten hours of flying at Advanced is devoted to transition. During this time the cadet learns to handle the faster and heavier ship with its additional equipment, such as retractable landing gear, hydraulic flaps, and constant speed prop. These are the days of worry, for what cadet wants five stars? However, the time goes quickly, and the cadets say “Goodbye” to the time when they could take up a plane by themselves and fly as they desired, for formation flying walks in the door and remains. Instrument flying is an important part of the training, part of it on the ground in the “Jeep”
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Left. Top: THE OLD PUSH-UP is a standard “man killer” in the Training Centers, but cadets, becoming tougher and tougher, refused to be tired, come back for more.
Bottom: Final Exams.
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the ADVANCED
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Ready for Oxygen Hop.
(Link Trainer) which handles just like the real airplane. In these are taught the procedures which are later practiced in the air on team rides under the hood. Altitude flights are made to accustom cadets to the use of oxygen and the reactions of the plane in the lighter atmosphere. One of the most thrilling of all the cadet missions is the first night cross-country trip. Having flown “night local” at Basic, night flying itself is not so unusual, but to follow the light lines to another city means a new step in training. Flying takes but half of the day – the remainder is spent in the classroom, at athletics, or drilling.
Then for ten days, the class has a break in their advanced training – ten days of gunnery practice at another school. Here cadets practice at ground and aerial gunnery. With machine guns mounted on the trainers, each man shoots several hundred rounds every day.
Yes, at any advanced flying school is taught the necessary subjects which any Army Air Forces pilot must know, to prepare him for service in the field as an officer.
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Above, Top: AT Advance Twin Engine Trainer. Bottom: A.T-6’s on the line.
Close up.
Trainer with control unit.
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Bank her this way.
Testing their oxygen masks.
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Watching the flight.
Ground crew off duty, but still “talking shop.”
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Top Row, Left: Gentlemen with swords once settled their quarrels at dawn. But these gentlemen, aviation cadets in the Training Center, work out with foils in order to develop cat-like quickness and dexterity which will be valuable to them in settling scores in air combat. Center: After a long flight.
Right: Cross country preparation.
Middle Row, Left: Back to the barracks after a hard day’s work in the air. Center: British cadets fold Old Glory at Retreat. Right: Advanced navigation trainer.
Bottom Row, Left: A sextet of aviation cadets in the air as they are determinedly making a broadjump on the obstacle course used in the physical training program. When the full story of this war is written, there will be a special chapter devoted to the hours of scientific study, the subsequent hours of manpower, prespiration [sic] and drudgery now being expended to toughen our combat fliers for the fight. Men were not made to fly at rarefied altitudes of 30,000 feet, nor were they built to be wrenched in the air at speeds of 500 miles an hour. But our enemies are doing it. We must. And the rugged physical conditioning program in the Southeast Training Center is the successful answer to how we can. The keystone in the training program is the development of those muscles and nerves most used in combat flying. Center: Sky Bound. Right: Advanced Trainers.
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Left: Like a man from Mars with a “death ray generator” in his hands, this Army Air Force photographer draws a bead as squadrons of planes roar across the cloud banks of the Southland. Anywhere he may point his finder he will catch the growing flights of aviation cadets doing precision formation flying.
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BOMBARDIER TRAINING
The whole striking power of the Air Forces, insofar as destructive power is concerned, is carried at the tips of the Bombardier’s fingers. Isolated and alone in the glassed-in “greenhouse” right in the very nose of the power bomber, it is his duty to direct his plane to the proper point above his target and release his bombs with such split-second timing as to insure their finding their mark.
For much of the plane’s flight the bombardier is merely a passenger, but as the plane nears its objective it is in his hands, and his alone, that the success of the mission rests.
Aided by the finest instruments for precision bombing owned by any nation in the world, the bombardier must make allowances for such things as plane speed, height, air temperature, weight of the bombs, wind and cross drifts and other factors.
He sets these facts into his bombsight, which is in essence a calculating machine, and at the right moment releases his bombs.
Before he reaches that target, however, the bombardier spends twelve crowded weeks learning the fundamentals and the fine points of his destructive trade. The bombardier is selected for his task at the Classification Section of the Air Forces. He is selected because
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BOMBARDIERS
he has shown marked ability at manual dexterity so that he can twist knobs without fumbling, muscle control so that his adjustments are always precise, serial reaction so that he can apply data in orderly sequence, and a calm temperament so he won’t get rattled easily.
Once he has been selected for his rigorous task the embryo bombardier is sent to one of the large bombardier schools, where he is first introduced into the theory of bombing. He attends classes and discovers the intricasies of what makes bombs fall as they do. He learns the composition of bombs, their various reactions to different conditions and situations. Above all, he spends many hours practicing on the bomb trainer, a platform some 12 feet above the ground which stimulates actual bombing conditions.
Over and over again he works out the various problems that are connected with his intricate art, learning to turn dials, straining his eyes, learning to coordinate mind and body so that his movements will be swift, sure and above all, accurate. As time goes on he finds that he is acquiring the sure timing and accurate adjustment necessary to make of him a finished bombardier.
He learns in classrooms about such things as probable error, the reason behind pattern bombing, learns how to calculate wind drift and other such problems.
As he grows more proficient he works out advanced problems involving all these factors on his training platform, so that by the time he is ready to take to the air for his practice trips he has a clear idea of just what problems he will face and what his responsibility is.
When the time comes for him to make his practice bombings he is carried in a modern fast bomber. He bombs at day and he bombs at night. He lives and thinks bombing. The practice bombs are loaded with black powder instead of high explosive and when these detonate the bombardier can see just how far he missed his target. He gets practice bombing from all angles and under all kinds of conditions. He learns to bomb from his altitude when his bombs are released three miles before he reaches his objective, and he learns to bomb from low altitudes when his bombs crash right on top of his objective.
He is schooled in the use of the Norden and Sperry bombsights, our most vital military secret.
At the end of nine weeks he makes his “record runs,” the final examination for a bombardier which determines whether he is a first, second or third class bombardier. If he graduates as a first class bombardier his position will probably be in the nose of the leading plane in his flight so that he can help the following bombardiers in the proper releasing of their bombs.
During his last three weeks of training the bombardier is in the air almost constantly, bombing on the practice range under all types of combat conditions. He learns how to release his bombs at very low altitudes when he can’t use his sight, but must rely on his own sight and judgment; he also learns to bomb from so high that he has to use oxygen to enable him to breathe. He learns how to check his
[Photograph]
Shown through the two racks of bombs is a bombardier cadet waving an all-clear to the ground crew as he goes up to the “nose.”
[Photograph]
Bombardier training.
Instructor at the blackboard explaining diagram illustrating the fall of the bomb as aviation cadets look on.
[Photograph]
Where to this trip? The cadets check the mission schedule to get their destination and “target” for the flight.
[Photograph]
[page break]
IN THE MAKING … [Drawing]
[Photograph]
This Douglas B-18 bombardier training ship with its bomb racks loaded with practice bombs and manned by aviation cadets en route to target range.
data and release his bombs within 20 seconds of sighting his objective. He learns how to loose his bombs either in a string, which is one at a time, or in a salvo, which is all together.
At the end of his 12 weeks he is graduated and gains his coveted wings. From that time on he is a finished bombardier. He may be used to train other bombardiers or he may be assigned to a combat squadron anywhere on the face of the earth where the far-flung armies of the nation are in combat.
Like the pilot and the navigator, the bombardier is a highly specialized man. He is trained to function as an integral part of the bomber crew, and he knows that he was picked for his task, just as the pilot and the navigator, because of special skills which have been further developed by the course of training which he has undergone.
From bombardier cadets, eager to go “upstairs” for one of their regular training flights at an advanced flying school, check out their flying “tack” at Supply Headquarters.
[Photograph]
[Photograph]
Planning the “Pay Load.” Tools of the cadet bombardier’s important trade are these 100-pound training bombs, ready to be loaded into the giant belly hatch of a B-18 bomber.
[page break]
NAVIGATION
[Photograph]
Hundreds of two-engined training ships like this whisk students aloft on 1,000-mile missions. Ships carry a crew of five, the pilot, navigation instructor, and three students.
They call him the Little Tin Guy.
His nerves seem all metal, his mind works like a compass, and his job is to get our bombers there and get ‘em back, over land, over water, through weather and rain and hail and fog – through anything!
He is better known as the navigator and he is being trained at specialized schools.
The Little Tin Guy is being hammered out by the hundreds, and he will be hammered out by the thousands. He was present to smash the Jap fleet at Midway, and he carried the fire to Tokyo with General Doolittle. If he had not been along with his octant, his dividers and compasses, his maps and charts and unpronounceable gadgets, there would have been no victory at Midway, no fires at Tokyo.
[Photograph]
HITS OR MISSES? Whether our bombers, hurtling across thousands of miles of ocean waste like this, smash targets or miss objectives completely, depends largely on the navigator, dubbed “The Little Tin Guy.” Above, a training ship from one of the Navigation Schools flies a plotted course over the Atlantic. Below, left, a student navigator keeps on course by shooting the sun through the blister in the ship’s top. After graduation, young navigators with motto, “Get ‘em there – Get ‘em back!” can take bombers anywhere – Tokyo not excluded.
[Photograph]
[Photograph]
[Photograph]
Photograph]
Below, right, in the back seat, another navigation cadet navigates the same course by pilotage, or by checking points on his map with corresponding points on the ground. The river he sees coiled below is a well-known landmark.
[page break]
[Photograph]
WITH MAPS NEATLY ROLLED and instruments in their cases, young navigator march to the flying line and board ships assigned to them.
Without the navigator, bombers would be freight loads of destruction rushing at terrific speed through tractless space, but rushing without purpose, without hesitation.
The navigator CAN get ‘em there. He CAN get ‘em back. This is why: He doesn’t just happen to be a good navigator. He is made a good navigator.
Appointed an aviation cadet, he goes to a classification center. By mental examinations and weighted psychological tests it is determined whether he is by nature best qualified to be a navigator, bombardier, or pilot.
To be classified as navigator he must be a steady-nerved, cool-headed individual capable of making lightning decisions. He must have plenty of grey matter between the ears for he must master the equivalent of a full college course in a short time. He cannot be merely the bookworm-type intellectual. He must have the brawn and the wind to move around in a plane at high altitudes, forsaking his oxygen. He must be able to work complicated problems at dizzy heights where the average man cannot add three and six.
Classified “navigator,” he is put through weeks of elementary training and then sent to a navigation school for the real thing.
[Photograph]
Cadets sit one behind the other at desks in the belly of the ship. Here students have several minutes to figure their course while the pilot circles the field.
With E68 computer, called “The Navigator’s Wife,” because, cadets say, “It does everything in an airplane but cook,” a cadet estimates time of arrival to the next familiar landmark … Meanwhile another cadet, who must figure entirely by instruments, looks through driftmeter to see if wind is knocking the ship off course … To be triple sure of the airplane’s location, the pilot puts the ship on “automatic pilot” and lets it fly itself while he studies his map. If student gets off course, he will not correct him, but will keep his own bearings and tell student his mistake later … OXYGEN MASKS are worn by all crew members above altitudes of 10,000 feet. The Navigator must be in top physical condition, for in combat missions he must forsake oxygen and move around the ship to use his octant. In actual combat he mans a machine gun.
[Photograph]
[Photograph]
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[page break]
“LITTLE TIN GUYS” ..
[Photograph]
BEFORE A FLIGHT cadet navigators at one of the fields training navigators crowd the ready room with maps and charts which will guide each man on a different mission.
This school hands him an intensive, practical course. He gets a course in the Navi-trainer, a machine which simulates all conditions of air navigation. He goes to ground class for eight hours a day, and for three hours at night. He is awakened in the dead of night and routed out to study the stars. He learns the theory of celestial, radio, pilotage and dead reckoning navigation.
Then his classroom goes to the sky. He flies in the two-motored AT-7. The ship carried three students, one instructor, and a pilot. The students sit at three desks one behind the other in the belly of the ship.
Usually the student in the front sea works his problem by instruments. He is not allowed to look at the ground. (The ground may not be visible to help on combat missions). The other two students do pilotage or follow the course on the map by recognizing corresponding objects on the terrain.
The new navigator spends 100 hours in the air. The courses he charts take him over several states. He directs the ship through day and through night on four-hour missions, on eight-hour missions. He mustn’t go to sleep. He mustn’t blink an eye.
“Zero Zero” is the navigator’s ultimate objective. Zero Zero in navigation means perfection. It means navigating through hundreds or thousands of miles of space, cloud rack, wind and weather and hitting a dime-size objective “on the nose” at the precise second you predicted you would hit it on the nose. One inch off is not Zero Zero. One second early or late is not Zero Zero. Zero Zero means right on the button, right on time!
It is not easy. New navigators say, “If you got there Zero Zero the driftmeter plays “The Star Spangled Banner” and hands you a cigar!”
But at the end of the course they do get there Zero Zero, and they get their Wings.
Then to units for further tactical training where they work for a while as members of a fighting team before they go to combat or to a ferry command.
The navigator’s first assignment may be to navigate a quarter-million-dollar Flying Fortress and its seven-man crew from Florida to a pin-dot airbase, surrounded by enemy-held territory-overseas. The ship is his personal responsibility. If he misses, too bad. But he doesn’t miss.
The best and most independent old pilots warm up to their navigators in direct proportion to the distance they have to fly. Flying in this war is almost all long-distance flying. The emphasis is on the navigator. The emphasis is on the Little Tin Guy!
[Drawing]
[page break]
[Photograph]
[inserted] Control Tower AT MAXWELL [/inserted]
SOUTHEAST ARMY AIR FORCES TRAINING CENTER
MAXWELL FIELD, ALABAMA
[37]
[page break]
HEADQUARTERES
SOUTHEAST ARMY AIR FORCES TRAINING CENTER
Maxwell Field
Montgomery, Alabama
July 3, 1942
To All Members of this Command:
Since its inception on July 13, 1940, the Southeast Army Air Forces Training Center has developed from a mere directive on paper and a total of five officers, to its present strength of thousands of officers, cadets, and enlisted men stationed throughout sixteen states. It has been a tremendous job, and only the loyalty and unsparing efforts of the entire command have made possible this progress.
In the coming days and months the obstacles will be no less and our output must be greater.
To all those who have labored so well in making the Training Center a vital link in the Army Air Forces, I want to express my personal appreciation for a job well done. I have the utmost confidence in your ability to meet the increasing responsibilities of the future.
To the thousands of cadets who have received their training here, and to the thousands still to come, - we dedicate our efforts.
[signature]
W.W. WELSH,
Colonel, Army Air Forces,
Commanding.
[Drawing]
[page break]
[Photograph]
WILLIAM W. WELSH
COLONEL, AIR CORPS
Commanding Southeast Army Air Forces Training Center
Colonel Welsh was born in Denver, Colo., September 16, 1893. Enlisting in the Signal Enlisted Reserve Corps, May, 1917, at Omaha, Neb.; called to active duty December 20, 1917, reporting to the School of Military Aeronautics, Austin, Tex., for ground school training. Assigned to the Cadet Concentration Camp, Fort Dick, Dallas, Tex., later to the flying school at Park Field, Millington, Tenn. Commissioned a Second Lieutenant, aviation section, Signal Corps, May 28, 1918.
Transferred to Payne Field, Miss., serving as instructor until October, 1918, then transferred to the Aviation Concentration Depot for overseas service. The Armistice was signed prior to his departure, however, and he was sent to Carlstrom Field, Arcadia, Fla.
Saw service at March Field, Calif., Brooks Field, San Antonio, Tex., France Field, Panama Canal Zone and Kelly Field, Texas; 1931-36 stationed at Louisville, Ky., as Commanding Officer of Bowman Field and on detached service with the Organized Reserves.
In August, 1936, attended the Air Forces Tactical School, graduating in 1937. Since then he has been on duty continuously at Maxwell Field, serving first with the Tactical School until it was rendered inactive in 1940, and then with the Southeast Army Air Forces Training Center.
He holds ratings of command pilot and combat observer.
[page break]
GENERAL STAFF
[Drawing]
[Photograph]
JOHN G. WILLIAMS
Colonel, General Staff Corps
Chief of Staff
[Photograph]
ALBERT M. WOODY
Lieutenant Colonel, Air Corps
Executive Officer
[Photograph]
A.L. PRICHARD
Lieutenant Colonel, General Staff Corps
A-1
[Photograph]
AMZI G. BARBER
Lieutenant Colonel, General Staff Corps
A-2
[Photograph]
JOHN F. McBLAIN
Colonel, General Staff Corps
A-3
[Photograph]
LEDCREICH STUART VANCE
Lieutenant Colonel, General Staff Corps
A-4
[40]
[page break]
[Diagram]
“The Best Training in the World” sounds like a big statement – and it is – but that’s what America’s young men get when they are accepted by the Army Air Forces for training as pilots, bombardiers and navigators. The above chart, prepared by the Southeast AAF Training Center, shows the progressive stages of training Army aviation cadets undergo from the time they pass the physical and mental examinations at a local board or Army Post, until they emerge as Second Lieutenants or with the newly created grade of Flight Officer. (Both ranks carry the same pay, and Flight Officers may later be commissioned as Second Lieutenants). Upon graduation from the last stage of Training Center preparation, the young officers are assigned to a Combat Unit and are ready to meet the enemy. And because of their exceptional training, they will meet him on better than even terms in knowledge and ability. That means greater safety for themselves – and bad news for their opponents!
[41]
[page break]
[Photograph]
School Squadron Building
[Photograph]
Maxwell Field Post Headquarters.
VIEWS ….
[Photograph]
[Photograph]
[Photograph]
[Photograph]
Left to Right:
Commanding Officer’s Quarters.
Non-Commissioned Officers’ Quarters.
Bachelor Officers’ Quarters.
Maxwell Field Officers’ Club Lounge.
[Drawing]
[42]
[page break]
[Photograph]
“PX” CAFETERIA, FOR ENLISTED MEN AND CIVILIAN EMPLOYEES
…. AROUND MAXWELL FIELD
Today, three Army Air Forces Training Centers, each operating as a separate unit, but all constituting one great United States Army Flying Academy, are working day and night to attain the goal of producing the necessary pilots, navigators, bombardiers to blast the Axis forces off the ground and out of the skies. They are the Southeast Army Air Forces Training Center, with headquarters at Maxwell Field, Ala.; the Gulf Coast Army Air Forces Training Center, with headquarters at Randolph Field, Texas, and the West Coast Army Air Forces Training Center, with headquarters at Santa Anna, Calif.
The Southeast Training Center is typical of all three, and more than either of the other two, it started from scratch.
On November 16, 1940, the Southeast Army Air Forces Training Center launched its aviation cadet program. Major General Walter R. Weaver was put in command of the Center and at that time it consisted of nothing more than its present headquarters at Maxwell Field, Montgomery, Ala.
[Photograph]
[Photograph]
To the Right, Top: Austin Hall, Headquarters of the Southeast Army Air Forces Training Center, Maxwell Field, Alabama. Bottom: Office of the Commanding Officer, Headquarters, Southeast AAF Training Center.
[page break]
Today scores of air schools are operating in the Training Center. Many others are soon to be activated. Webbed as a single unit around their command headquarters at Maxwell Field, they dot the land from the State of Wisconsin to the tip of Florida, extending as far west as North Dakota. In fact, the Southeast Training Center has long since outgrown its name. Here in this part of the United States, lies the greatest air training center in the world today. The sky is literally the limit for the facts and figures of the expanding program and for the number of men fast undergoing the transition from shaky-winged fledglings to dependable Army flyers.
As though this were not job enough, the Center swung open its doors in June, 1941, to British aviation cadets, who after completion of their training returned home for duty with the RAF. The total number of British students graduated from the schools in the Center is a military secret, but the total figure runs into the thousands.
And in May, 1942, a large contingent of sun-tanned Dutchmen from the East Indies arrived in this country for training in the Southeast Training Center.
Call it discipline, organization, mass production, or what you will … The Southeast Training Center is producing a large share of the nation’s pilots, navigators, bombardiers. A new class of aviation cadets enters the training center every five weeks. From all over the country, from many different vocations, climates and ways of life, they come to sign up with the Air Forces. They have three things in common: a minimum amount of luggage, a yen to fly, and a desire to come to grips with the enemy.
[Photograph]
[Photograph]
[Photograph]
[Photograph]
Above. Top to Bottom: Mess Call. Cadet Mess Hall. Post Exchange, Maxwell Field. Post Library.
[Photograph]
[44]
[page break]
COCHRAN FIELD
[Photograph]
CONTROL TOWER
MACON , GEORGIA
1942
[45]
[page break]
HEADQUARTERS
ARMY AIR FORCES BASIC FLYING SCHOOL DDF/w
COCHRAN FIELD, MACON, GA.
To the Men of Cochran Field,
I welcome this opportunity to greet each and every one of you. I have had the privilege of being with you men here and of working with you and for you. You and I have seen fertile land change from the production of farm crops to the production of fine men. Some of these men must leave, but some stay to help us. I am proud of you, your work, and our products. I am glad that you too are proud of our accomplishments.
My sincere best wishes to each and every one of you. Thank you for your loyalty, your hard work, and your high ideals. May the spirit of this command continue to be expressed by the words, “We can and we will.”
[signature]
D.D. FITZ GERALD
Colonel, Air Corps
Commanding.
[page break]
[Photograph]
DONALD D. FITZ GERALD
Colonel
Commanding Cochran Field
Born in Washington, D.C., December 13, 1896. Graduated from Pennsylvania Military College with a degree in Civil Engineering in 1917. Completed Post Graduate course at Yale University in 1926 with a M.S. in Electrical Engineering.
Was commissioned Second Lieutenant, Field Artillery, June 1, 1918, and transferred to the Air Service as an Aerial Observer on August 28, 1918. Commissioned First Lieutenant, Air Service, July 1, 1920; Captain, Air Corps, January 1, 1934; Major (temporary) August 26, 1936; Major (permanent) July 1, 1940; Lieutenant Colonel (temporary) March 15, 1941; Colonel (temporary) January 20, 1942.
During his military career has been stationed at Saumur, France, in 1918, as Field Artilleryman; Tours and Chattil on Sur-Seine, France, in 1918, as a student observer; Treves and Coblenz, Germany, in 1918, with the Army of Occupation. Was at Mitchell Field, Kelly Field, and Fort Bliss in 1919; at Camp Knox, Fort Sill and March Field for pilot training in 1920, attended Signal School at Camp Vail in 1922-23; back to Kelly Field in 1923-25; McCook Field in 1926-28; Brooks Field, 1928-31; Hawaii, 1931-33; Rockwell Field, 1933-35; the Air Corps Tactical School, Maxwell Field, 1935-36; Bolling Field, 1936-39; Randolph Field, 1939-40; Gunter Field, 1940-41; Maxwell Field, January, 1941 – April 1941.
Colonel Fitz Gerald has been Commanding Officer of Cochran Field since its conception in April, 1941. His leadership of Cochran Field has been superb.
[47]
[page break]
STAFF
[Photograph]
RICHARD H. WISE
Lieutenant Colonel
Post Executive Officer
[Photograph]
WILHELM C. FREUDENTHAL
Lieutenant Colonel
Operations Officer
[Photograph]
JAMES W. CLARK
Captain
Adjutant
[Photograph]
OTTO E. KELLER
Captain
Intelligence Officer
SPECIAL STAFF
[Photograph]
JOHN F. GORMAN
Major
Special Services Officer
[Photograph]
RAYMOND V. MARLAN
Major
Quartermaster
[Photograph]
CHARLES E. WILSON
Major
Administrative Inspector
[Photograph]
CHARLES R. CROSS
Major
Provost Marshal
MAXWELL C. HARRINGTON
Captain
Ordnance Officer
[Photograph]
ALLEN D. SMITH
Captain
Surgeon
[Photograph]
MYRON R. BITTIKOFER
Captain
Engineer
[Photograph]
PERCY F. HERRING
Captain
Chaplain
[Photograph]
[48]
[page break]
[Photograph]
PATRICK D. HUFF
Captain
Signal Officer
[Photograph]
FRANK P. GALLO
Captain
Personnel Officer
[Photograph]
MORRIS J. DROBECK
Captain
Athletic and Theatre Officer
[Photograph]
EDWARD J. MACK
Captain
Finance Officer
[Photograph]
HOWARD L. DAVIS
Second Lieutenant
Communications Officer
[Photograph]
R.J. ERFLE
First Lieutenant
Transportation Officer
[Photograph]
WILLIAM E. WALK, JR.
First Lieutenant
Base Weather Officer
[Photograph]
OWEN W. SILVEY
First Lieutenant
Chemical Property Officer
SCHOOL STAFF
C. CONRAD PRATT
Major
Director of Training
[Photograph]
FRANK W. ISEMAN
Major
Commandant of Cadets
[Photograph]
JOHN M. WINGE
Captain
School Secretary
[Photograph]
ARTHUR L. HUFF
Captain
Director of Ground School
[Photograph]
[49]
[page break]
HISTORY OF COCHRAN FIELD
A site containing about a thousand acres was purchased by the City of Macon, Georgia, in December, 1940. This land, located nine miles south of the City on the Hawkinsville Highway, was designated by the Federal Government in February, 1941, as the site for buildings for Flying School Number 1 and construction was started on March 15th.
Thus was Cochran Field begun. At that time the land was typical middle Georgia farm land and was covered by several sizeable peach and pecan orchards, some truck farms, numerous dwellings and a church.
The field which was at first known as Flying School Number 1, from its priority of construction, was later named for Robert J. Cochran, who was born in Camilla, Georgia. He died in action in France during the first World War while serving as a First Lieutenant with the Eighth Aero Squadron.
On April 15, 1941, five officers with seventy-five men arrived at Cochran Field in a truck convoy under the command of Captain R.H. Wise. They came from Gunter Field, Montgomery, Alabama, and reported to Lieutenant Colonel D.D. Fitz Gerald who had arrived from Maxwell Field on April 7th.
Many of the men were key non-commissioned officers. They were the nucleus around which the Basic Training School was formed. These members of the original detachment were assigned to quarters in tents while Lieutenant Colonel Fitz Gerald began his command from a make-shift desk.
On May 15th, the field was designated as a Basic Army Flying School. The first planes arrived from Gunter Field on May 23rd. Paving had already begun on the gigantic runways and was soon completed. These runways are equivalent to scores of miles of ordinary paved roadway.
Training of the first aviation cadets, who arrived on June 3rd, began June 4, 1941, three days ahead of regular schedule, and the first class was graduated August 13th, five days ahead of schedule. On August 18, 1941, the first class of British cadets arrived to begin their duties. Classes of both American and British cadets have been held continuously since that date.
Lieutenant Colonel Fitz Gerald was appointed to the rank of Colonel (temporary) on January 20, 1942, and Cochran Field under his guidance has emerged from a red, muddy orchard to become one of the finest training schools of the Air Forces. The station is continuously turning out officers and men who are fitted to carry on our battle to victory.
[50]
[page break]
COCHRAN FIELD
ACTIVITIES
[Photograph]
[page break]
[Photograph]
READY FOR ACTION
[Photograph]
CADETS TAKE TO THE AIR
[Photograph]
PLANE PARK
[page break]
[Photograph]
Lieutenant James and Civil Service pilot just before take-off.
[Photograph]
Last minute instructions.
LOOKS LIKE A VICIOUS MONSTER READY TO SPRING
[Photograph]
[page break]
[Photograph]
[Photograph]
Top: The take-off.
Above: P.T. trainer on the line.
[Photograph]
[Photograph]
Top: A line of planes go into position for take-off.
Above: A squadron takes off.
A cadet has taken to the air.
[Photograph]
All set for a take off.
[Photograph]
[page break]
[Photograph]
[Photograph]
Top: Drying parachute. Above: Sewing parachute.
Folding.
[Photograph]
Almost finished.
[Photograph]
[page break]
[Photograph]
LINE MAINTENANCE MAKES A 100-HOUR CHECK-UP
LINE MAINTENANCE
[Photograph]
Left: The men in the line maintenance section are thoroughly trained in the general construction principles, repair, adjustment, inspection and maintainment of the complete airplane, engine and affiliated equipment. On the shoulders of these men rests the responsibility of keeping the planes running smoothly. Although the modern plane is built to withstand much harsh punishment there is always a day of reckoning and that is where the line maintenance comes into its own.
[page break]
[Photograph]
[Photograph]
Top: Washing and checking a plane, part of the plane park is seen in the background. Above: The line maintenance gasses ‘em up.
[57]
[page break]
[Photograph]
SCRUB-UP TIME
[Photograph]
25-HOUR INSPECTION
[Photograph]
100-HOUR CHECK
[page break]
[Photograph]
COCHRAN FIELD BAND
Below. Top to Bottom: Dental clinic. Microscope work in Medical Detachment laboratory.
[Photograph]
[Photograph]
Below. Top to Bottom: Headquarters Building. Post Chapel. Post Hospital.
[Photograph]
[Photograph]
[Photograph]
[page break]
[Photograph]
[Photograph]
Top: Weather tower.
Above: Radio operator at receiving set.
[Photograph]
[Photograph]
Top: Plotting “winds aloft” map in Weather Department.
Above: Routine in the Weather Department.
The Minds Behind the Men in the Air
Light gun in the control tower.
[Photograph]
Map study in Airways Section.
[Photograph]
[page break]
[Photograph]
Observing balloon by theodite.
[Photograph]
Studying the enlarger in the photographic department.
Below: Giving instructions from inside the control tower.
Bottom: Cadets check in with an M.P.
[Photograph]
[Photograph]
Below: Crash truck.
Bottom: An M.P. issues a pass.
[Photograph]
[Photograph]
[page break]
ON THE MARCH
BELOW: CADETS FORMATION. BOTTOM: RECRUIT SQUADRON ON THE MARCH.
[Photograph]
[Photograph]
[page break]
[Photograph]
[Photograph]
Swimming and diving is a favorite off duty activity at Cochran Field.
FAMILIAR SCENES
Right: Officers’ Club. Right, Below: A chess game in the Recreation Hall. Below: Mess inspection.
[Photograph]
[Photograph]
[Photograph]
[page break]
VIEWING THE 27TH SQUADRON
[Photograph]
[Photograph]
[Photograph]
Top Picture:
THE 27TH SQUADRON LINES UP
Center Picture:
GAS MASK DRILL
Bottom Picture:
A SERGEANT GIVES ORDERS TO TRUCK DRIVER.
[page break]
Personnel
COCHRAN FIELD
MACON , GEORGIA
1942
[65]
[page break]
[Photograph]
JOHN R. KNIGHT
Major
[Photograph]
JAMES W. LILLARD, JR.
Captain
[Photograph]
ROBERT MARTENS
Captain
[Photograph]
FREDERICK G. McNALLY
Captain
[Photograph]
JOHN MONACO, JR.
Captain
FLYING OFFICERS
[Photograph]
SAMUEL S. RIDDLE, JR.
Major
[Photograph]
FRANK A. SHARP
Captain
[Photograph]
WALTER A. SMITH, JR.
Captain
[Photograph]
DAVID B. TUDOR
Captain
[Photograph]
WENDELL M. VAN SICKLE
Captain
TRUMAN F. ANDERSON
First Lieutenant
[Photograph]
JAMES A. GIBSON
First Lieutenant
[Photograph]
VINCENT A. BLACK
First Lieutenant
[Photograph]
EDWIN H. BOYERS
First Lieutenant
[Photograph]
COLIN F. BURCH, JR.
First Lieutenant
[Photograph]
[66]
[page break]
[Photograph]
CHARLES A. CUTHBERT, JR.
First Lieutenant
[Photograph]
WILLIAM W. EVANS, JR.
First Lieutenant
[Photograph]
BERNARD J. FINAN, JR.
First Lieutenant
[Photograph]
ALEX H. GAY
First Lieutenant
[Photograph]
RAYMOND L. GEORGE
First Lieutenant
JOHN D. GORHAM, JR.
First Lieutenant
[Photograph]
SAMUEL D. HALEY
First Lieutenant
[Photograph]
DeALBERT S. HOKE, JR.
First Lieutenant
[Photograph]
ROBERT B. HUTCHINSON
First Lieutenant
[Photograph]
ROBERT R. JONES
First Lieutenant
[Photograph]
[Photograph]
WILLIAM P. KOCH
First Lieutenant
[Photograph]
KENNETH M. LEGHORN
First Lieutenant
[Photograph]
JAMES A. MAGUIRE
First Lieutenant
[Photograph]
RICHARD H. MAY
First Lieutenant
[Photograph]
ROBERT E. MONROE
First Lieutenant
STANISLAW J. PODOLAK
First Lieutenant
[Photograph]
DORSEY A. PULLIAM
First Lieutenant
[Photograph]
AMOS L. SLUDER
First Lieutenant
[Photograph]
HARRY W. SHOUP
Captain
[Photograph]
HARRY J. SHUFFLER
First Lieutenant
[Photograph]
[67]
[page break]
[Photograph]
HAROLD D. STANHOPE
First Lieutenant
[Photograph]
L.V. TEETER
First Lieutenant
[Photograph]
PETER S. WALKER
First Lieutenant
[Photograph]
PHILIP G. WARNER
First Lieutenant
[Photograph]
GEORGE O. WHITE
First Lieutenant
WILEY S. TAYLOR
First Lieutenant
[Photograph]
GEORGE BECHTEL
First Lieutenant
[Photograph]
HARRY K. BLAKE
Second Lieutenant
[Photograph]
WILLIAM J. CANTWELL
Second Lieutenant
[Photograph]
JOHN D. CARTER
Second Lieutenant
[Photograph]
[Photograph]
HAROLD C. CHAPLIN
Second Lieutenant
[Photograph]
CHARLES E. CHAPMAN
Second Lieutenant
[Photograph]
BUFORD T. CLARK
Second Lieutenant
[Photograph]
WILLIAM F. CROWLEY
First Lieutenant
[Photograph]
JOSEPH W. DAVIDSON
Second Lieutenant
ANDREW W. FULLER
First Lieutenant
[Photograph]
CALVIN H. GIBSON, JR.
First Lieutenant
[Photograph]
LEON H. GOLINSKY
First Lieutenant
[Photograph]
GORDON M. GRAHAM
First Lieutenant
[Photograph]
JOHN E. GUINN
Second Lieutenant
[Photograph]
[68]
[page break]
[Photograph]
EDGAR W. HAGEMEIER
Second Lieutenant
[Photograph]
MYRON A. HUSTON, JR.
Second Lieutenant
[Photograph]
MARVIN E. JACOBS
Second Lieutenant
[Photograph]
RICHARD B. JEFFREY
First Lieutenant
[Photograph]
RALPH F. JORGENSEN
First Lieutenant
LAWRENCE P. GIARRIZZO
First Lieutenant
[Photograph]
JACK F. KELLER
First Lieutenant
[Photograph]
CLIFFORD J. KRONAUER
First Lieutenant
[Photograph]
PAUL E. LEAS
First Lieutenant
[Photograph]
HAROLD O. LUNN
Second Lieutenant
[Photograph]
[Photograph]
JOHN R. MARTIN
Second Lieutenant
[Photograph]
EUGENE K. MAXWELL
First Lieutenant
[Photograph]
HOLT A. MURRAY
Second Lieutenant
[Photograph]
RALPH PAPANI, JR.
Second Lieutenant
[Photograph]
EUGENE A. PERESICH, JR.
First Lieutenant
ROBERT G. PETRANEK
First Lieutenant
[Photograph]
GEORGE F. ROBERTS
Second Lieutenant
[Photograph]
LOUIS J. DeSAUDRO
Second Lieutenant
[Photograph]
JOHN A. SHAW
First Lieutenant
[Photograph]
CHARLES T. SHEAN, II
First Lieutenant
[Photograph]
[69]
[page break]
[Photograph]
WILBUR R. SHEIBLE
Second Lieutenant
[Photograph]
HOWARD G.SHIDAL
First Lieutenant
[Photograph]
WILBERT D. SHOCKLEY
Second Lieutenant
[Photograph]
HOWARD W. SIMCOX
First Lieutenant
EARLE M. SMITH
First Lieutenant
[Photograph]
RALPH L. THOMAS
Second Lieutenant
[Photograph]
ROBERT E. TRIMBLE
Second Lieutenant
[Photograph]
GORDON S. TURNER
Second Lieutenant
[Photograph]
[Photograph]
CLYDE R. VAN HORN
Second Lieutenant
[Photograph]
GORDON O. VARNEAU
Second Lieutenant
[Photograph]
MARK H. VINZANT
First Lieutenant
[Photograph]
EDGAR S. WARDELL
First Lieutenant
[Photograph]
GEORGE G. WHITE
Second Lieutenant
[Photograph]
HIRIAM H. WHITE, JR.
Second Lieutenant
[Photograph]
DAVID B. WHITLOCK
First Lieutenant
[Photograph]
HOLLIE L. WHITTEMORE, JR.
Second Lieutenant
[70]
[page break]
GROUND AND ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICERS
[Photograph]
CHARLES N. BEHRENS
Major
[Photograph]
ELLIS A. MANSHIP
Major
[Photograph]
JOHN H. BARTON
Captain
ANTHONY V. BENINCASA
Captain
[Photograph]
J.E. BROKAW
Captain
[Photograph]
DONALD R. FERRIS
Captain
[Photograph]
ALBERT S. GUERRINA
Captain
[Photograph]
[Photograph]
GEORGE O. HANFORD
Captain
[Photograph]
ROBERT C. INGRAM
Captain
[Photograph]
CLAUDE H. IRBY
Captain
[Photograph]
H. STEWART JOHNSTON
Captain
[71]
[page break]
[Photograph]
ALFRED M. MARTIN
Captain
[Photograph]
MICHAEL R. ZITO
Captain
[Photograph]
HERMAN SCHRAMM
Captain
[Photograph]
J. WILLIAM WELLS
Captain
[Photograph]
LAWRENCE A. CLANCY
First Lieutenant
FRANK S. COHEN
First Lieutenant
[Photograph]
CYRIL R. CULP
First Lieutenant
[Photograph]
ABE L. FEUER
First Lieutenant
[Photograph]
HARVEY J. GRAY
First Lieutenant
[Photograph]
JOHN T. HIGGINS
First Lieutenant
[Photograph]
[Photograph]
PALEAMON L. HILSMAN
First Lieutenant
[Photograph]
J.J. MALONE
First Lieutenant
[Photograph]
JOSEPH I. MATHIS
First Lieutenant
[Photograph]
LEONARD J. MILLER
First Lieutenant
[Photograph]
GERALD E. MILLER
First Lieutenant
RONALD D. MILLER
Captain
[Photograph]
CLYDE R. MOSES
First Lieutenant
[Photograph]
EDWARD B. RANDALL
First Lieutenant
[Photograph]
FRANK A. SHARP
Captain
[Photograph]
JOHN O. SHOLAR
First Lieutenant
[Photograph]
[72]
[page break]
[Photograph]
JOHN J. SQUADRITO
Captain
[Photograph]
FRED S. SWAFFIELD, JR.
First Lieutenant
[Photograph]
JAMES T. THOMAS, JR.
First Lieutenant
[Photograph]
ALFRED P. VALENTINE
First Lieutenant
[Photograph]
WILLIAM D. WARRICK
First Lieutenant
ALBERT S. WHITFIELD, JR.
First Lieutenant
[Photograph]
FREDERICK H. WILLCOX
First Lieutenant
[Photograph]
MALCOLM C. ALFRIEND
Second Lieutenant
[Photograph]
ROBERT W. BAILEY
Second Lieutenant
[Photograph]
JOHN N. BEASLEY
First Lieutenant
[Photograph]
[Photograph]
GEORGE G. EMBICK
Second Lieutenant
[Photograph]
OSBORN B. HEYWARD
Second Lieutenant
[Photograph]
EARL D. JAMES
Second Lieutenant
[Photograph]
SYRUS H. JOHNSON
Second Lieutenant
[Photograph]
JOHN M. LEEPER
Second Lieutenant
ATHOL D. LIVELY
Second Lieutenant
[Photograph]
JOSEPH J. O’HANLON, JR.
Second Lieutenant
[Photograph]
JOHN J. O’MARA
Second Lieutenant
[Photograph]
PHILLIP F. STARKMAN
Second Lieutenant
[Photograph]
MILTON WAYNE
Second Lieutenant
[Photograph]
[73]
[Photograph]
JAMES L. PATTERSON
Captain
[Photograph]
DONALD M. WRIGHT
Captain
[Photograph]
ROBERT T. HALL
First Lieutenant
[Photograph]
FRED H. KUHLMAN
First Lieutenant
[Photograph]
FRANK W. GARWACKI
First Lieutenant
COCHRAN FIELD NURSES
ROSA LEE FAGGART
First Lieutenant
[Photograph]
MARGARET R. BUCKO
Second Lieutenant
[Photograph]
MARGARET E. DANIEL
Second Lieutenant
[Photograph]
MARGARET HEATH
Second Lieutenant
[Photograph]
[Photograph]
VIRGINIA G. JOHNSTON
Second Lieutenant
[Photograph]
THERESA A. MEDLIN
Second Lieutenant
[Photograph]
MIRIAM R. PIERCE
Second Lieutenant
[Photograph]
BERTIE MAE RHODES
Second Lieutenant
[74]
[page break]
[Photograph]
JAMES L. KEITH
Flight Lieutenant
[Photograph]
CHARLES P. ALLEN
[Photograph]
CYRIL D. BEST
[Photograph]
MAURICE K. CHICK
BRITISH PILOT OFFICERS
ALSTAIR A. CROSSE
[Photograph]
C.S. DILLIMORE
[Photograph]
D. GIFTKINS
[Photograph]
LEONARD J. KENT
[Photograph]
RALPH KIRKER
[Photograph]
[Photograph]
CYRIL G.F. PARSONS
[Photograph]
DENNIS H. PAYNE
[Photograph]
GEORGE A. RICHARDS
[Photograph]
FRANCIS W. SAVAGE
[Photograph]
GEOFFREY TASKER
[75]
[page break]
AVIATION CADETS
UPPER CLASS (AMERICANS)
[Photograph]
FRANK W. ISEMAN
Major
Commandant of Cadets
[1 row of 4 photographs]
Cadets Adams, Stephen Shepherd; Banks, John Wilbur; Benson, Bertil Emil William; Brooks, Dudley Wilder.
[2 rows of 7 photographs]
First Row: Cadets Brusek, Frank Anthony; Carroll, James Leo, Jr.; Casey, James Francis; Cook, Coleman Bertram, Jr.; Corrie, Wirt Haley; Dobkowski, Joseph Thaddeus; Gianforte, Joseph Charles.
Second Row: Cadets Harvey, Elliot Bishop; Herrmann, Robert Henry; Hoelzer, Kenneth William; Hogue, Lucius Matlock; Holstein, Elmer Merriman; Hungerpiller, James Arthur, Jr.; Kelley, William Arlington.
[76]
[page break]
AVIATION CADETS
UPPER CLASS (AMERICANS)
[2 rows of 7 photographs]
First Row: Cadets Kernodle, Harold Lee; King, Joseph Hoffman; Kubasak, Emil Steve; McAdams, William Benton; McLaughlin, James Joseph; Millett, Clyde Lawrence; Morris, James Cleveland.
Second Row: Cadets Muir, Donald Watson; Netzer, John Joseph, Jr.; Newman, Riley Rape; Olfston, Junior Walter; Parker, Gerald Arthur; Peterson, Cletus William; Reeder, Owen.
[2 rows of 7 photographs]
First Row: Cadets Ridemour, John Western; Rock, James Francis; Root, Francis Henry; Rowe, Scott Rumnels; Simmonds, Harold Maurer; Smith, Frederick Noah, Jr.; Smith, Harry Franklin, Jr.
Second Row: Cadets Smith, Kenneth Barton; Smith, Kirby Enos; Smith, Robert David; Sykes, William Joseph; Wallace, Joseph Wilkins, Jr.; Williams, Thomas Albert; Woodroofe, Philip Benson.
[77]
[page break]
AVIATION CADETS
LOWER CLASS (AMERICANS)
[2 rows of 7 photographs]
First Row: Cadets Allison, George Frederick; Arnspiger, Varney Clyde, Jr.; Austin, Daniel Vincent; Barnett, Clarence Vernon; Barry, Gerald Hayes; Battalore, John Russell; Beake, William Gunther.
Second Row: Cadets Belenky, Eli Larry; Bolton, Louis Saul; Bond, Willis Franklin; Bruther, John Richard; Caldwell, Carlos Freeman; Carter, John Tredway; Caseley, Raymond Perrie.
[2 rows of 7 photographs]
First Row: Cadets Clodfelter, Thomas Clarence; Cohalan, Eugene Conway; Commins, Louis Shelly; Corwin, Joseph Bower; Cromer, Harold Nicholas; Cymbalak, Michael; Davis, George Porter.
Second Row: Cadets Donovan, Neil Charles; Duesing, Louis James; Durbin, Robert Frederic; Egan, James Martin; Ericson, Allan Oscar; Evans, Robert Jay; Farley, Robert Henry.
[2 rows of 7 photographs]
First Row: Cadets Fellows, John Baptiste; Ferriss, Lester Ruthven, Jr.; Fowle, John Allen; Frey, Ernest Albin; Gage, John Oliver; Gerber, Frank Andrew, Jr.; Gordon, Allan Thomas Jr.
Second Row: Cadets Gramzinski, Arthur William; Grandy, Howard Leon; Gruden, Peter William, Jr.; Hackett, Earl Thomas; Harrold, James Franklin; Haverlin, Jack Flehro; Hensley, Clarence Everette.
[page break]
AVIATION CADETS
LOWER CLASS (AMERICANS)
[2 rows of 7 photographs]
First Row: Cadets Hill, LeRoy Carlile, Jr.; Hodgen, Robert Johnston; Hodowski, Leo Maxmilian; Jones, William Thomas; Knowlton, Kenneth Stebbins; Kuch, Theodore Horner, Jr.; Levy, Robert Maurice.
Second Row: Cadets McFadden, Kenneth Laurie; McNeill, Herbert Warren; Metz, Charles Frederick, Jr.; Michael, Florence Sherwood, Jr.; Mitchell, John Thomas, Jr.; Moore, Robert Lee; Myers, Max.
[2 rows of 7 photographs]
First Row: Cadets Ohl, Charles Owen; Parke, William Neel; Paton, George; Pollingue, Alvin Michael; Pultz, Frank Howard; Revoir, Kenneth Joseph; Richman, Mac.
Second Row: Cadets Roman, Julio Enrique; Schley, John Dearing, Jr.; Shankle, Willard Mayes; Sherman, Gilbert Roger; Smith, George Fisher; Smith, Robert Malcolm; Smith, Warwick Vosper.
[2 rows of 7 photographs]
First Row: Cadets Sommers, Paul Adams; Spelman, Robert Arthur; Stan, Raymond Henry; Stanley, Carl Seaton; Swartz, Alan; Tanner, William Frank; Terry, Prosper Umbert.
Second Row: Cadets Tilotta, Anthony; Topham, Arthur Hallett; Upchurch, Joseph Staley; Wemple, Donald Lester; Wight, Douglas Roberts; Witoff, Arnold Abraham; Woodson, William Drake.
[page break]
AVIATION CADETS
UPPER CLASS (BRITISH)
[Photograph]
JAMES KEITH
Flight Lieutenant
[1 row of 3 photographs]
Cadets Adams, Cyril Gilbert Roy; Adams, Thomas Eric; Addis, Harold William.
[2 rows of 7 photographs]
First Row: Cadets Allden, Basil Eric Edward; Astle, Charles Wilson; Baxter, Alan Russell; Beveridge, James Lawrence; Bingham, Frank William; Black, Ian Campbell Bennett; Blades, Donald John Morrison.
Second Row: Cadets Bolam, Warwick Hall; Bolton, Wm.; Botsford, Robert Harry; Bowman, Alexander Henderson; Boyd, Richard Edwin; Breffit, Raymond Hulley; Brooks, Oliver Villiers.
[80]
[page break]
AVIATION CADETS
UPPER CLASS (BRITISH)
[2 rows of 7 photographs]
First Row: Cadets Brothwell; Robert Sidney; Brown, Frank; Bryan, Maurice; Brydson, John Alexander; Canham, Morris William; Carey, John Charles; Champion, Ronald Treweeke.
Second Row: Cadets Charlton, John; Chatting, Kenneth Frederick; Cheek, Richard Leslie William; Christie, Brian Hamilton; Christison, Albert Ernest; Clague, William Henry; Clements, Walter Leonard.
[2 rows of 7 photographs]
First Row: Cadets Coe, Dennis Norton; Cooper, Norman Maylin; Cooper, Peter Frederick; Cowell, Dennis William George; Cray, Stanley; Creed, Frank Charles; Daniel, Arthur James.
Second Row: Cadets Dart, Anthony Christopher; Davie, Charles Kenneth; Davies, Kenneth Thomas; Davies, William Norman; Davison, Kenneth Arthur Frederick; Draycott, Sydney; Dunn, James.
[81]
[page break]
AVIATION CADETS
UPPER CLASS (BRITISH)
[2 rows of 7 photographs]
First Row: Cadets Elder, Edward Vladimir Austin; Eldridge, Douglas Reginald George; Ervine, William Denis; Fenner, David Hendry; Findlay, George Allan; Fisher, Leonard William; Ford, Robert John.
Second Row: Cadets Frost, T.J.; Gibbons, Howard Paistowe; Gibson, Robert Brumwell Desmond; Gilmour, James Murray; Goodwin, Richard M.; Grant, William Joseph; Gray, David Anthony Athelstan.
[2 rows of 7 photographs]
First Row: Cadets Gregory, Bruce Leonard; Hadwin, Derrick; Harrison, Charles, Haye, Norman Raymond; Hayward, Robert Frederick; Heard, Stephen Arthur; Herrick, Charles H.
Second Row: Cadets Hicks, Reginald Jack; Hunter, Hugh Fraser; Huxstep, Maurice; Inshaw, Eric Norman; Isaacson, Aubrey; Isard, Phillip C.; Jackson, Donald Herbert.
[2 rows of 7 photographs]
First Row: Cadets Johnson, Victor Horace; Jupp, Harold Edward; Kershaw, Geoffrey; Large, Ronald Dive; Larkin, Kenneth Richard; Lillie, Gerald Ernest; Lodge, Joe Thomas.
Second Row: Cadets MacKenzie, Alasdair Leslie; Maltese, Francis Reginald Antony; Marsh, Kenneth Ernest Mark; McDougall, Robert; McManus, Charles Patrick; Medcalf, Henry John; Miller, Stanley Edward.
[page break]
AVIATION CADETS
UPPER CLASS (BRITISH)
[2 rows of 7 photographs]
First Row: Cadets Milne, Alec; Milsom, Geoffrey William; Mitchell, Willie; Molyneux, William A.; Moran, Leonard Edward; Munro, Donald John; Nicholls, Bernard.
Second Row: Cadets Nichols, John Francis; Ormston, John Thornton; Parkinson, Ronald Chesterton; Payne, Peter Henry; Picot, Raymond Charles; Plumb, Donald Ivan; Puddephat, Leslie Thomas.
[2 rows of 7 photographs]
First Row: Cadets Rogers, Eric Oswald; Sampson, Kenneth John; Saunders, James John Milne; Savage, Leslie Norman Gordon; Smith, John Edward; Starling, Frank Edward; Stephenson, Jack.
Second Row: Cadets Stimpson, Maurice Cecil; Storer, Colin Harrison; Swain, Matthew Alec; Taylor, Arthur Graham John; Taylor, Harold James Strickland; Thirkell, Albert; Thorpe, Alan.
[2 rows of 7 photographs]
First Row: Cadets Topping, Thomas; Trew, Leonard Frederick; Waldron, William George; Walker, Frederick John Thomas; Wallani, Edward L.; Ward, Ernest Frederick; Ward, James Francis.
Second Row: Cadets Warnes, Charles Arthur; Warwick, Harold Frank; Wears, James; West, Joseph Bernard; White, Kenneth Peter; Willey, Frank Noble Edward; Williams, Derek Gordon.
[page break]
AVIATION CADETS
LOWER CLASS (BRITISH)
[1 row of 3 photographs]
Cadets Adams, Donald Albert; Adamson, William Ian; Affleck, Douglas, Jr.
[2 rows of 7 photographs]
First Row: Cadets Ainsworth, Kenneth William; Ames, Kenneth Robert; Appleby, Ronald Kendrick; Ashton, James; Ashton, William; Ball, Frank; Barr, William, Jr.
Second Row: Cadets Barry, Claude Van Renen; Barton, Cyril Joe; Beattie, Frederick Donald; Bellis, John Lynton; Binney, Robert; Bishop, William John Barrie; Blow, Harold.
[84]
[page break]
AVIATION CADETS
LOWER CLASS (BRITISH)
[2 rows of 7 photographs]
First Row: Cadets Booth-Smith, Peter William, Boulter, Herbert Edward; Braund, John Prower; Braund, Marwood Paul; Brightwell, Geoffrey Charles; Broadhurst, Leonard James; Brookes, Eric William.
Second Row: Cadets Brown, Allan Arthur; Brown, Peter Knight; Browne, Ronald George; Bruce, Derek James; Bull, Edward Bert; Bullus, Alfred, Jr.; Carter, Philip Henry.
[2 rows of 7 photographs]
First Row: Cadets Chapman, Herbert Henry; Cheal, Druce James Henry; Clift, Stanley William; Cole, Frederick Walter; Collins, Peter Oswald; Cromarty, John Donald Rangs; Cutler, Joseph Henry Frederick.
[page break]
[2 rows of 7 photographs]
First Row: Cadets Edgington, William Philip; Edwards, Alan Claud; Ellis, Kenneth Albert Jackson; Evans, Reginald William George; Fanning, Thomas William Beeching; Farmer, Stanley Arthur Frederick; Feaver, Reginald James.
Second Row: Cadets Fenning, Ernest Hatfield; Firth, John Arthur; Flyn, James Henry; Forryan, Donald Percy; Forsythe, James Roy; Fox, Albert Thomas; Fuller, Russell Edwards.
[2 rows of 7 photographs]
First Row: Cadets Gallop, Roy; Gibson, Thomas, Jr.; Gilham, William Henry; Goldring, James David Spencer; Gosling, Harry, Jr.; Grayson, Harry; Hannigan, Cyril Richard.
Second Row: Cadets Hardwick, Dennis Henden; Harper, Raymond Thomas; Harrison, Geoffrey Dennis; Haymes, John Dominic, Jr.; Hayward, John Anthony; Heller, Peter Kevin; Helmore, Terence Martin.
[2 rows of 7 photographs]
First Row: Cadets Henderson, George Neville; Hewett, Thomas Hugh; Hicks, Raymond James Edgcomb; Holes, Leslie George; Holland, Dennis; Horler, Harold; Horspool, Jack Higginson.
Second Row: Cadets Hunt, Derrick; Hurley, Daniel James; Illston, Robert Kenneth; Jeffrey, Peter Law; Jewell, Ronald James Martin; Johnston, Albert; Johnson, Eric.
[page break]
AVIATION CADETS
LOWER CLASS (BRITISH)
[2 rows of 7 photographs]
First Row: Cadets Keeling, Arthur Edward; Kent, Ronald Herbert; Key, Evelin Leon Joseph; King, John Edwin Thomas; Kirby, Geoffrey Phillip; Kirkpatrick, James Harvey; Knight, Frank Roy.
Second Row: Cadets Knott, Kenneth Sidney; Lamb, Ian Inglis; Lawler, Maurice Rupert; Lett, John Joseph; Lewis, Allan Bennett; Lofthouse, Gerald; MacDonald, William Ian.
[2 rows of 7 photographs]
First Row: Cadets Mallon, John Leslie; Mandelson, Norman Peter; Marks, Anthony Raymond; McIntyre, Peter James; Mills, Maurice William; Myers, Granville; Neil, Ronald Frederick.
Second Row: Cadets Neilson, Thomas; Norris, John Henry; Oram, Dennis James; Partridge, Hubert Robert Frederick; Phippen, Charles Dennis; Pinkerton, Thomas Colville; Porter, Reginald Edward.
[2 rows of 7 photographs]
First Row: Cadets Postlethwaite, Gordon; Powell, J.E.; Price, Eric David George; Proudfoot, Robert Laval; Ralph, James William; Ramsay, Kenneth William; Reed, Arthur.
Second Row: Cadets Reed, William Charles; Richardson, Colin; Ricketts, Alexander Campbell; Robinson, Adrian John D’Egar; Routledge, William Burrell; Rowland, Roland William; Ruff, William Frederick.
[page break]
AVIATION CADETS
LOWER CLASS (BRITISH)
[2 rows of 7 photographs]
First Row: Cadets Saunders, Maurice Walter; Short, Roger Lee; Slipper, Desmond Wallace; Slimon, John; Smith, John Batten; Smith, Stanley Ernest; Smith, William Richard Cuffel.
[2 rows of 7 photographs]
First Row: Cadets Tucker, Anthony Maxwell; Turner, Herbert Henry; Twitt, George Henry; Varley, Francis George; Wallace, Edward Peter; Wallnutt, Bernard Joseph; Walton, Peter Anderson.
Second Row: Cadets Warburton, Cyril; Watkins, Robert Frank; West, Kenneth Leonard, Wheeler, William Francis, Jr.; White, Frank Anthony; Whitelock, Norman Henry; Wigelsworth, Robert Armfield.
[1 row of 4 photographs]
Cadets Wills, George Saunders; Wilson, Jeremy Charles; Wiscombe, Rex Edward; Wolfe, Williams Reginald.
[88]
[page break]
61ST AIR BASE HEADQUARTERS AND AIR BASE SQUADRON
[8 rows of 5 photographs]
[photograph]
JAMES T. PATTERSON
Captain
Squadron Commander
(Reading from Left to Right)
First Row: Master Sergeant Parker, Wilmer A.; First Sergeants Burdick, J.C.; Holmstrom, George A.; Technical Sergeants Dill, Luther E.; Fleming, Newell D.
Second Row: Technical Sergeants Herbert, Rex M.; Laverty, Dennis G.; Robertston, Brent; Stovall, Frank S.; Wynne, Owen G.
Third Row: Staff Sergeants Bedsole, Andrew; Blake, James E.; Bush, John W.; Clifford, Stephen J.; Fugere, Lucien G.
Fourth Row: Staff Sergeants Goldsmith, Carl S.; Goldstine, Martin L.; Greenfield, Harry; Gunn, Denzal; Guzak, Peter D.
Fifth Row: Staff Sergeants Hansard, Lester B.; Hill, Vincent A.; Kubler, Charles A.; Laney, Albert G.; Larson, Allan J.
Sixth Row: Staff Sergeants Leonard, Frank M.; Moore, Wilber G.; Reed, Harold J.; Seay, William M.; Short, William B.
Seventh Row: Staff Sergeants Spadafore, James A.; Thiele, Karl G.; Welch, Willie G.; White, Thomas H.; Sergeant Allen, Roy H.
Ninth Row: Sergeants Barton, Joe T.; Blake, Harold L.; Blankenbaker, William G.; Booth, Mose B., Jr.; Bromley, William A.
[89]
[page break]
61ST AIR BASE HEADQUARTERS AND AIR BASE SQUADRON
[10 rows of 5 photographs]
(Reading from Left to Right)
First Row: Sergeants Carlisle, Charles D.; Cohen, Leonard; Denmead, Edward; Fischer, Werner; Flanders, Hubert L.
Second Row: Sergeants Gordon, W.F., Jr.; Gower, Robert L.; Groo, Richard D.; Gugle, Eugene D.; Hartin, Arlie.
Third Row: Sergeants Hess, Joseph E.; Hollenberg, Elmer M.; Juneau, Dominique; Kasnevich, Alex; Knowlder, Charles F.
Fourth Row: Sergeants Kornhoff, Elmer D.; Krajeski, William S.; La Pointe, Percy J.; Lenz, Emmett M.; Marchione, Leo M.
Fifth Row: Sergeants Masters, Arthur E.; Milne, Jack H.; Pierce, Weston V.; Postle, Paul W.; Poulos, James G.
Sixth Row: Sergeants Rogers, George; Rollins, J.; Louis P.; Shepherd, Robert B.; Simmons, William C.
Seventh Row: Sergeants Thelen, Arthur F.; Tinney, Jack G.; Waugh, Harold C.; White, Alan D.; Wolff, Theodore H.
Eighth Row: Sergeants Worthey, Ernest W.; Zelonis, Edward J.; Corporals Allen, Robert H.; Andelman, Morris H.; Angelica, Salvatore B., Jr.
Ninth Row: Corporals Blake, Marvin G.; Brewer, William H.; Briney, Leo M.; Bunting, Howard S.; Carpenter, Glenn R.
Tenth Row: Corporals Cox, Donald C.; Doughty, Ennis N.; Dunn, James F.; Evans, Virgil R.; Freeman, Fred H.
[90]
[page break]
61ST AIR BASE HEADQUARTERS AND AIR BASE SQUADRON
(Reading from Left to Right)
[10 rows of 5 photographs]
First Row: Corporals Griffin, Henry S.; Howland, Lawrence R.; Kern, Melville C.; Kilcorse, William P.; King, Harvey L.
Second Row: Corporals Krumholz, Peter N.; Kucinski, Walter; Lineberger, Herbert M.; Lundelius, Raymond L.; Lutz, Ewing M.
Third Row: Corporals Machtemes, John P.; Mankinen, Vilho V.; Mathern, Albert J.; McIntosh, William L.; Moody, Philip W.
Fourth Row: Corporals Nutter, George L.; Peedin, Albert F.; Phillips, Frank; Pondillo, James G.; Raymond, Frederick W.
Fifth Row: Corporals Riffe, Herman C.; Russo, Andrew; Shindelus, Theodore H.; Solt, Cornelius J.; Straub, Charles E.
Sixth Row: Corporals Sudduth, William L.; Suknaic, Stephen J.; Trudeau, Donald B.; Veltre, Edward C.; Wages, Clarence I.
Seventh Row: Corporals Walls, John H.; Weller, Harold D.; Welter, Donald L.; White, Charles E.; Technician Fifth Grade Calloway, Robert C.; Jr.
Eighth Row: Technicians Fifth Grade Kemp, Howell E.; Pastuszak, Raymond; Whitaker, Charles W.; Privates First Class Ash, George A.; Bodarky, Clifford L.
Ninth Row: Privates First Class Bruell, Frederick M.; Cullname, John R.; Damico, Joseph S.; Klavuhn, A.H.; McKeague, Bruce E.
Tenth Row: Privates First Class Neal, Perry W.; Newton, Robert E.; Purificato, Generose J.; Reed, Walter W.; Scarbrough, Frank R.
[91]
[page break]
61ST AIR BASE HEADQUARTERS AND AIR BASE SQUADRON
[9 Rows of 6 photographs]
(Reading from Left to Right)
First Row: Privates First Class Schiffman, Max; Sidoli, Andrew J.; Slivinsky, John; Smith, Max H.; Stringer, Kenneth L.; Thomason, Lance D.
Second Row: Private First Class Tumey, Robert L.; Privates Andrews, Wayne S.; Bailey, Edward J.; Barten, Melvin F.; Bartkowiak, Joseph; Bartlow, Howard L.
Third Row: Privates Blanton, Curtis L.; Boushaw, Howard H.; Boyd, James C.; Brashear, Clyde T.; Braswell, Ernest R.; Bridges, William H.
Fourth Row: Privates Bokaw, Thornton F.; Browning, Newt B.; Carey, John J.; Carson, James F.; Close, James E.; Corne, James A.
Fifth Row: Privates Culler, Joe H.; Curry, James M.; Davis, Bedford L.; Davis, John T.; Davis, Marvin F.; Dennis, William J.
Sixth Row: Privates DiBauda, Louis J.; Dill, Nelson W.; Dowell, Ralph H.; Fakes, John M.; Fisher, Albert F.; Fleischer, Martin A.
Seventh Row: Privates Fortuna, Alex C.; Fortune, Willie B.; Foster, Ray; Free, James F. Jr.; Fritsch, Clifford J.; Garman, Harry.
Eighth Row: Privates Garrard, Roy; Goldsberry, Herbert; Gnotta, Leo A.; Greene, Paul C.; Griffin, Edward K.; Heckle, Irving J.
Ninth Row: Privates Heller, Robert C.; Heyner, Frank W. Jr.; Hires, Walter B.; Hollis, Rufus W.; Holodick, Michael J.; Hummell, Jack H.
[92]
[page break]
61ST AIR BASE HEADQUARTERS AND AIR BASE SQUADRON
[9 rows of 6 photographs]
[1 row of 3 photographs]
(Reading from left to right)
First Row: Privates Isaksen, Albert A.; Johnson, Claude E.; Johnson, Roe H.; Jones, John L.; Jones, Teddy L.; Kammer, Arthur B.
Second Row: Privates Kanoza, Mitchell; Kaplan, Benjamin; Kelly, J.D.; Korbein, Wilbur O.; Krupa, Conrad T.; Kulstein, David I.
Third Row: Privates Kuyers, Raymond C.; Ladegast, Oscar H.; Lake, Frank V.; LaLiberte, Roland R.: Lamkin, James E.; Lawless, Clifford F.
Fourth Row: Privates Lewis, Valda A.; Lindahl, Bruce M.; Lippman, Herbert J.; Lycos, Paul W.; Macken, Francis C.; Marchewka, Frank.
Fifth Row: Privates Mau, Henry G.; McBrearty, Charles F.; McDonald, Thomas J. Jr.; McGee, Harold W.; Moate, Wendell S.; Moessen, Herman G.
Sixth Row: Privates Morrone, A.R.; Nathan, Ralph M.; Nicholls, Clifford L.; Nicholson, Wesley R.; Packett, Sedrick O.; Pasquinelli, Phillip P.
Seventh Row: Privates Peterson, William E.; Pridmore, Leonard; Proctor, Kennth D.; Purdy, James S.; Repko, Joseph J.; Ruppert, Joseph C.
Eighth Row: Privates Ruttenberg, Robert L.; Shuart, Clifford J.; Stith, Forest B.; Taylor, Harold K.; Tomlinson, Charles F.; Tracey, Carl J.
Ninth Row: Privates Tries, Enlow E.; Tuite, Richard J.; Voorhies, Donald S.; Wells, J.D.; White, Robert; Woodruff, Geo. R.
Tenth Row: Privates Wroble, Joseph W.; Zaruba, Elston G.; Zick, Joseph J.
[93]
[page break]
321ST SCHOOL SQUADRON
[Photograph]
BERTRAM H. WITHAM, JR.
Captain
Squadron Commander
[4 rows of 6 photographs]
[1 row of 5 photographs]
(Reading from left to right)
First Row: First Sergeant Arman, Robert S.; Technical Sergeants Bulka, Peter; Coffey, Edward H.; Fountain, Rufus C.; Martin, Andrew J.; O’Neal, James M.
Second Row: Technical Sergeants Richey, Leo; Scaggs, Wick K.; Staff Sergeant Bolduc, Raymond H.; Brock, James V.; Burns, Bernard; Gibson, Leon F.
Third Row: Staff Sergeants Ginaitt, Bernard G.; Hanson, Hjalmar J.; Patterson, Edgar E.; Roberts, Gilbert B.; Rudde, Clemens A.; Sallen, Eugene G.
Fourth Row: Staff Sergeants Sermon, Albert J.; Weaver, Horace L.; Werner, George; Sergeants Barbour, David A.; Bard, George L.; Beazley, Malcolm K.
Fifth Row: Sergeants Bent, Allen E.; Brasher, Robert L.; Brooks, Billy B.; Caratenuto, Joseph P.; Cavanaugh, Edward.
[94]
[page break]
321ST SCHOOL SQUADRON
[10 rows of 6 photographs]
(Reading from Left to Right)
First Row: Sergeants Diorio, Joseph J.; Doney, John R.; DuBois, Dean A.; Earle, Albert G.; Goodman, Louis; Green, William.
Second Row: Sergeants Gustafson, Leonard, A.; Hahn, Herman R.; Hall, Orie L.; Hand, Bliss A.; Harju, Eli M.; Johnson, Charles.
Third Row: Sergeants Kapner, Kermit H.; Klawitter, Franklin; Larkin, Joseph A.; Lortz, Fred E. Jr.; Lyle, James L.; Mackinnon, Harold W.
Fourth Row: Sergeants McLaughlin, Eugene J.; Miller, G.F.; Moore, Max J.; Popek, John P.; Pescott, Sewell E.; Prunty, Ardeth D.
Fifth Row: Sergeants Rapp, David; Reinhardt, Richard J.; Renfroe, Douglas M.; Repici, Angelo J.; Roemer, Carl E.; Schultz, Albert A.
Sixth Row: Sergeants Skolsky, John H. Jr.; Starinieri, Frank; Tillotson, William B.; Tokach, Daniel; Vaughan, Edwin A.; Walcott, Philip T.
Seventh Row: Sergeant Whitaker, Leroy C.; Corporals Bracy, Ronald P.; Brent, Landon H.; Buckley, Mariott B.; Clark, Alfred A.; Cobb, Harold C.
Eighth Row: Corporals Cooper, John J.; Crane, Harold D.; Czartowicz, Leo; Debonis, Alphone; Elms, Randle D.; Eyges, Edward.
Ninth Row: Corporals Ferris, Claude J.; Goldney, John H.; Hewitt, Dorance G.; Hodges, Asa G. Jr.; Hounsell, Philip B.; Jackson, Larry E.
Tenth Row: Corporals Kaminsky, Albert H.; Kohl, Robert E.; Kovalycsik, Robert A.; Krieger, Charles; Maietta, Patsy R.; Matern, Herman A.
[95]
[page break]
321ST SCHOOL SQUADRON
[10 rows of 6 photographs]
(Reading from Left to Right)
First Row: Corporals McCleery, John J.; Metzdorf, Robert C.; Palmer, Paul E.; Ringwood, James F.; Salvatore, Albert P.; Saunders, Robert N.
Second Row: Corporals Thomas, Paul E.; Vigliotti, Andrew V.; Privates First Class Andrews, George T.; Broome, James T.; Carter, Wilburn S.; Chandler, Sequard E.
Third Row: Privates First Class Green, James D.; Hills, James; Piccolo, Joseph J.; Private Anderson, Samuel W.; Arney, John R.; Atchley, Fred J.
Fourth Row: Privates Baxter, Robert D.; Bell, John J.; Berkow, Benjamin L.; Bonds, Rader J.; Brady, Robert J.; Brigham, Clarence.
Fifth Row: Privates Brown, Russell F.; Bunton, Oscar F. Jr.; Byrd, Elmer E.; Carroll, James; Chicha, Milan; Cleghorn, John G.
Sixth Row: Privates Cowan, Edward; Cronk, Earl W.; Dahlstrom, Robert O.; Denesiuk, Nicholas L.; DeVito, Frank; Donecho, James Jr.
Seventh Row: Privates Dressler, Stanley; Eckart, Joseph C.; Farese, William A.; Farrell, William M.; French, John Thomas; Gallagher, Myles W.
Eighth Row: Privates Gloystein, Robert E.; Goldberg, Jack; Gosa, Earl J.; Gould, Edward; Graham, Marvin C.; Gray, Robert E.
Ninth Row: Privates Greenfeder, Herman; Gregg, George F.; Hannon, Joseph F.; Hearn, Frank C.; Hebrock, Charles S.; Hemion, Nelson, Jr.
Tenth Row: Privates Herdt, Lester C. Jr.; Hiland, Edward M.; Holland, Thomas F. Jr.; Johnson, Joseph O.; Jorishie, Jacob W.; Kapsner, Edmund L.
[96]
[page break]
321ST SCHOOL SQUADRON
[7 rows of 6 photographs]
[1 row of 5 photographs]
[2 rows of 6 photographs]
(Reading from Left to Right)
First Row: Privates Kelly, James A.; Lamson, Robert; Lang, Gerald; Large, George A.; LaVoie, Warren M.; Manz, Carl H.
Second Row: Privates Marino, George; Mathieson, Thomas H. Jr.; McCann, Charles F.; McCullough, Samuel, Milano, Anthony Jr.; Morton, Julius.
Third Row: Privates Moye, Earl V.; Mynyk, Michael; Norton, Clifford; Oller, George B.; Ponas, Harry; Reed, David H.
Fourth Row: Privates Repole, Angelo V.; Romotsky, Isadore; Russo, Frank; Shoaff, Earl E.; Shome, Carl W.; Smith, Oma S.
Fifth Row: Privates Staub, Frank T.; Trombley, Donald J.; Vitalbo, Julius N.; Warren, John E.; Weinstock, Solomon; Weiss, Donald C.
Sixth Row: Privates Whitley, Jesse John; Whippel, Harold F.; Wilkowski, Edward J.; Williams, Arthur F.; Williams, Charles E.; Winn, Horace M.
Seventh Row: Privates Womack, George H.; Woodward, William R.; Yergens, Jack W.; Zakrzewski, Clarence A.; Zembenski, Leonard W.; Zimmermann, John G.
Eighth Row: Attached Personnel, Staff Sergeant P’Pool, E.L.; Sergeants Booth, Lester H.; Britt, David A.; Schulz, William R.; Stehlik, Irvin F.
Ninth Row: Sergeant Swenson, Elbert H.; Corporal Brady, Charles E.; Chumbley, Paul E.; Cummings, William J.; Ortlip, Howard S.; Private First Class Kenaga, Grant J.
Tenth Row: Privates Carroll, Gerald E.; David, Walter A.; Hill, Frank D.; Shepherd, John B.; Standage, Duane E.; Witze, Huhgie F.
[97]
[page break]
322ND SCHOOL SQUADRON
[Photograph]
DONALD M. ALEXANDER
Major
Commanding
[6 rows of 6 photographs]
(Reading from Left to Right)
First Row: Master Sergeant Garrett, H.J.; First Sergeant Axford, W.R.; Technical Sergeants Goodman, Troy A.; Lilliott, J.K.; Marti, J.L.; Wallace, Dell T.
Second Row: Staff Sergeants Anglin, Lewis L.; Dail, B.; Fisher, William M.; Flanagan, J.C.; Galligan, F.J.; Grondalski, Francis P.
Third Row: Staff Sergeants Karajian, B.M.; Lowik, O.J.; Maguire, John J.; Martin, R.A.; Skalicky, W.M.; Sledd, R.J.
Fourth Row: Staff Sergeant Smith, Hoyt R.; Vertrees, E.; Vowels, T.J.; Watson, R.; Whitsitt, W.E.; Winters, H.L.
Fifth Row: Sergeants Back, B.; Chase, Edwin F.; Conto, A.; Collins, Clynton J.; Corder, C.; Dick, Louis C.
Sixth Row: Sergeants Delise, Ralph; Donth, L.W.; Eure, Lankford; Evans, E.; Francescone, Salvatore; Gish, James L.
[98]
[page break]
322ND SCHOOL SQUADRON
[9 rows of 5 photographs]
(Reading from Left to Right)
First Row: Sergeants Goff, H.C.; Harmon, James H.; Harmon, J.C.; Holt, M.A.; Huston, C.E.
Second Row: Sergeants Jacobi, Erwin H.; Jakobiec, J.F.; Kelleher, C.P.; Kelly, Joseph J.; Kreutzfeldt, Charles.
Third Row: Sergeants Kuran, J.W.; Kwolek, R.L.; Meade, L.; Meyers, V.; Mihalic, J.
Fourth Row: Sergeants Mills, E.; Norton, D.J.; Pierce, Bob; Pittz, L.J.; Ripking, W.H.
Fifth Row: Sergeants Shrewsbury, James R.; Smith, E.C.; Stamper, Fred; Tedder, A.F.; Vovolka, J.
Sixth Row: Sergeants Welch, P.; Wright, Glenn W.; Corporals Asmus, C.H.; Bauer, Louis H.; Carafello, E.A.
Seventh Row: Corporals Charland, Albert J.; Cook, R.W.; Evans, W.L.; Fisher, Don R.; Floyd, Joe E.
Eighth Row: Corporals Frakes, William g.; Friesen, A.R.; Gardo, N.; Gibson, James H.; Handrow, Wesley A.
Ninth Row: Corporals Havens, W.; Huettig, Hans G.; Johnson, K.W.; Keyser, James A.; Kline, Lawrence R.
[99]
[page break]
322ND SCHOOL SQUADRON
[9 rows of 5 photographs]
(Reading from Left to Right)
First Row: Corporals Lehner, C.E.; Litsenberger, John A.; Mayse, Richard D.; Metzger, George O.; Moore, Herman W.
Second Row: Corporals Naypaver, Frank J.; Nelson, L.O.; Obosla, J.; O’Neal, Noland L.; Price, Jack J.
Third Row: Corporals Rabinak, K.; Schaefer, O.M.; Siddens, R.; Wiederspahn, Clarence; Private First Class Arnold, Ralph H.
Fourth Row: Privates First Class Britt, Ralph W.; Drayton, A.; Ford, Benjamin F.; Glauberman, J.; Harber, Clarence E.
Fifth Row: Privates First Class Lewis, J.P.; Williams, G.R.; Privates All, Harry; Aune, Earl B.; Ball, Harry N.
Sixth Row: Privates Bryde, Glenn M.; Burgerhoff, William; Busch, Ed.; Caggiano, Ralph; Czajkowski, Leo S.
Seventh Row: Privates Devries, S.; Dittmeier, Raymond e.; Dooley, T.C.; Fox, F.E.; Frank, Lloyd.
Eighth Row: Privates Giele, Louis; Gilley, Lawence L.; Gnatowsky, Emanuel; Gustafson, Edwin A.; Herzog, Henry A.
Ninth Row: Privates Hughes, Robert E.; Hurley, J.J.; Johansen, Harry J.; Kloepfer, Frank M.; Korzun, Frank A.
[100]
[page break]
322ND SCHOOL SQUADRON
[1 row of 3 photographs]
[6 rows of 5 photographs]
[1 row of 3 photographs]
(Reading from Left to Right)
Rirst [sic] Row: Privates Kotarba, W.J.; Lacker, W.W., Lehman, Walter.
Second Row: Privates Lieberman, Louis; Lotus, W.S.; Mackey, E.; McDaniel, Clarence N.; McLellan, A.M.
Third Row: Privates Meyer, Bernard F.; Moss, James J.; Murray, John J.; Newman, E.H.; Novin, Jack.
Fourth Row: Privates Offshany, Edward A.; O’Meara, William P.; Pauley, John L.; Payne, David C.; Perewoznik, Louis P.
Fifth Row: Privates Ranch, John H.; Rice, John J.; Rose, John H.; Rosenberg, E.; Routt, Weldon B.
Sixth Row: Privates Schohl, Albert W.; Sciscoe, Thomas W.; Smestad, H.O.; Staniszewski, E.; Stewart, J.E.
Seventh Row: Privates Wealot, Johnnie H.; Wesenyak, H.; Whittington, Isaac S.; Wilburn, Reed S.; Witt, John H.
Eighth Row: Private Yanik, J.; Attached for Duty and Training, Fortune, W.; Haynes, Jack W.
[101]
[page break]
323RD SCHOOL SQUADRON
[Photograph]
CHARLES E. STIVEN
Major
Commanding
[6 rows of 6 photographs]
(Reading from Left to Right)
First Row: First Sergeant Reese, Leo E.; Tripple, Herbert S.; Technical Sergeants McCarthey, J.W.; Scott, George E.; Wyndham, C.H.; Staff Sergeants Bennett, P.
Second Row: Staff Sergeants Carr, Archie F.; Frush, Charles E.; Garris, Leonard R.; Guinn, R.; Hull, James J.; Kopczick, R.A.
Third Row: Staff Sergeants Kundrat, M.; O’Donnel, Arthur F.; Palmer, W.D.; Riley, C.W.; Shoup, James C.; Sickers, Jack B.
Fourth Row: Staff Sergeants Simpkins, William T.; Steger, Fred O.; Sturcke, C.H.; Trent, Alva C.; Wagner, Robert C.; Sergeants Allen, Thomas R.
Fifth Row: Sergeants Assidio, Albert A.; Baker, Lewis J.; Bertino, Russell P.; Burress, E.W.; Campbell, Donald E.; Carpenter, Harold C.
Sixth Row: Sergeants Carpenter, Walter L.; Clineman, George F.; Consalvo, J.J.; Couillard, Charles H.; Crist, M.J.; Cutlip, William E.
[102]
[page break]
323RD SCHOOL SQUADRON
[9 rows of 5 photographs]
(Reading from Left to Right)
First Row: Sergeants Daniels, Joseph J.; Danielson, F.L.; DePalma, Fedele J.; Fishman, H.; Gaines, Joe D.
Second Row: Sergeants Gallo, John J.; Golt, William M.; Hailwood, W.T.; Hill, Henry, I.; Holder, Enos M.
Third Row: Sergeants Howard, Kelly; Jaworski, B.J.; Jacques, Vincent H.; Kasprack, Joseph M.; Lawrence, William D.
Fourth Row: Sergeants Nestor, John; Ovimette, J.F.; Pape, Pasquale A.; Petersen, Lawrence; Pordon, Guido J.
Fifth Row: Sergeants Rich, Richard; Schubert, Charles W.; Schultz, Milton J.; Seward, William H.; Smitson, J.
Sixth Row: Sergeants Swanson, Roy C.; Uhleman, M.; Vavra, Vance L.; Wagner, Louis J.; Ward V.
Seventh Row: Sergeant Young, Oscar R.; Corporals Abel, Jack W.; Accettola, Rocco L.; Assenmacher, John; Bonini, Frank P.
Eighth Row: Corporals Brown, F.H.; Capawana, L.C.; Eldridge, Charles A.; Goodwin, Frederick C.; Herod, John W.
Ninth Row: Corporals Hughes, P.E.; Jackson, Waverly T.; Kalinoski, Theodore W.; Kelly, Lawrence L.; Kleb, William A.
[103]
[page break]
323RD SCHOOL SQUADRON
[10 rows of 5 photographs]
(Reading from Left to Right)
First Row: Corporals Kmiecik, Alfred; Kurley, Donald M.; Malecky, William; Mayberry, Edward R.; McClintock, Calvin L.
Second Row: Corporals McLaughlin, Ellsworth; Mittendorf, William F.; Monks, Theodore V.; Muckleroy, Lance G.; Newman, Alfred.
Third Row: Corporals Nyberg, Francis; Palmer, Arvo O.; Pando, Samuel; Quinn, James P.; Smith, Joseph J.
Fourth Row: Corporals Stupka, Franklin; Suter, Edward M.; Szymczk, Harold J.; Walls, Kenneth; Washler, J.
Fifth Row: Corporal Weiss, William W.; Privates First Class Armstrong, Harold L.; Beaird, Henry E.; Bivens, M.F.; Blair, Robert G.
Sixth Row: Privates First Class Bleck, Frank J.; Bragg, William E.; Burney, William r.; Bush, Harold B.; Drejman, John J.
Seventh Row: Privates First Class Freisen, John; Fulk, Raymond; Hilton, James G.; Howk, Elmer D.; Huniu, Sam.
Eighth Row: Privates First Class Justice, James N.; Labardini, Julius G.; Lafay, George, Sr.; Lent, James; Machado, Richard.
Ninth Row: Privates First Class Maddox, J.W.; William J.; Magalass, J.; Martin, Frank C.; McMinn, Obie D.
Tenth Row: Privates First Class Mellin, Allen; Morgan, Morris E.; Nelson, Clarence G.; Nelson, Roy L.; Pugh, Alfred E.
[104]
[page break]
323RD SCHOOL SQUADRON
[10 rows of 5 photographs]
(Reading from Left to Right)
First Row: Privates First Class Rowe, Ivan R.; Shinnick, Edward C.; Stone, Richard N.; Van Kleeck, George; Private Andrews, Byron T.
Second Row: Privates Andrus, Walter T.; Atkins, Roy E.; Bader, Abraham; Bailey, Lucius S.; Blackburn, William H.
Third Row: Privates Blickhan, Anthony A.; Bond, Edward J.; Bozzo, John M.; Brackman, Elmer; Briscoe, Joseph P.
Fourth Row: Privates Brumbelow, Ernest C.; Cantrell, Leroy; Carey, Joseph P.; Cassidy, Frank C.; Crom, Edmund A.
Fifth Row: Privates Dadek, Joseph; Davis, Robert R.; Doviak, Steven; Estes, Jerry J.; Feigert, Robert.
Sixth Row: Privates Ferry, Joseph J.; Forseth, Edwin O.; Gillespie, William B.; Godin, Leo M.; Gogan, Francis.
Seventh Row: Privates Gold, Harry; Graves, Conley F.; Halick, John M.; Hake, Paul; Hamoutz, Andrew M.
Eighth Row: Privates Hendrzak, Joseph; Hibner, Chas. H.; Hill, Albert S.; Holeman, Robert L.; Hooker, Leon G.
Ninth Row: Privates Jacobson, Orace J.; Johnson, Roy H.; Kaffenberger, Frederick H.; Kamke, Willard W.; Kelley, Albert J.
Tenth Row: Privates Klitzke, Donald K.; Kosiek, Mitchell S.; Kurkowski, Edward A.; Kurowski, John G.; Lanham, John T.
[105]
[page break]
323RD SCHOOL SQUADRON
[9 rows of 6 photographs]
[1 row of 4 photographs]
(Reading from Left to Right)
First Row: Privates Levy, Stanley H.; Logan, Richard W.; Lukhardt, Hiram E.; Malinowski, Henry J.; Marshall, Stanley E.; Marx, Ralph D.
Second Row: Privates Mascia, Ralph A.; Massey, Emmette B.; McCoy, Charles B.; McGuire, John J.; McLaughlin, James I.; McLaughlin, Ralph W.
Third Row: Privates McMahon, Raymond E.; McNeill, Edward V.; Meiller, James H.; Mulrean, John J.; Murphy, James H.; Mussori, Guy A.
Fourth Row: Privates Nannis, Morton; Norell, Olle A.; Nyeste, John A.; Ouillette, Wilfred J.; Painter, Robert S.; Pantzer, Frank J.
Fifth Row: Privates Price, Charles M.; Paine, L.A.; Remis, Walter A.; Rizzo, Patsy; Schladweiler, Arnold J.; Schiffer, Frank J.
Sixth Row: Privates Schneider, Morris; Schoen, Harry E.; Scully, Walter A.; Seiber, Donald W.; Sloane, Thomas P.; Snyder, Henry F.
Seventh Row: Privates Starkey, Otto W.; Stener, Bernard W.; Thompson, Tilman J.; Tibbetts, Harry; Toci, Bruno; Towers, Lawrence A.
Eighth Row: Privates Triezenberg, Simon; Van Aken, C.E.; Varade, Frank A.; Vaszuez, Gabino L.; Waldrep, William J.; Willem John.
Ninth Row: Privates Wilkerson, Walter Floyd; Wisniewski, Paul; Wittschack, Rudolph H.; Wright, William C.; Zachman, John J.; Zamesnik, Norman C.
Tenth Row: Privates Zintner, Emil, E.; Zmiejko, John J.; Zucca, Merritt F.; Zukowski, Felix.
[106]
[page break]
439TH SCHOOL SQUADRON
[Photograph]
S.H. JOHNSON, JR.
Captain
Commanding
[5 rows of 6 photographs]
(Reading from Left to Right)
First Row: First Sergeant Gillespie, Earl; Technical Sergeant Noojin, Howard D.; Staff Sergeants Binkley, Howard H.; Bottoms, Ralph S.; Brasher, Arvin B.; Comsia, John.
Second Row: Staff Sergeants Elefterin, John; Felland, Trumen M.; Goldbaugh, James R.; Gregorczik, Edmund; Hall, Emerson G.; King, Harold B.
Third Row: Staff Sergeants McLoughlin, Norbert; Lane, William C.; Rowe, Lloyd A.; Sergeants Beck, Robert W.; Brasher, Rayford L.; Carpenter, Roy W.
Fourth Row: Sergeants Floyd, James H.; Gardner, Richard H.; Godsell, Jack E.; Grantham, George, Jr.; Green Ira W.; Gunn, Jack A.
Fifth Row: Sergeants Hallman, Joseph H.; Jr.; Hejl, Raymond J.; Herd, Charles E.; Hilgren, Victor A.; Hill, Jack C.; Hill, James O.
[107]
[page break]
439TH SCHOOL SQUADRON
[10 rows of 6 photographs]
(Reading from Left to Right)
First Row: Sergeants Hines, Lawrence F.; Howard, Foy J.; Jr.; Howes, Harry R.; Hurdis, Elmer W.; Jagodinski, Walter E.; Jones, Grover C. Jr.
Second Row: Sergeants Kaler, Harold A.; Kane, Leroy J.; Masters, Azel E.; Mulligan, Leo J.; Morgan, Lyle E.; Onsgard, Albertus T.
Third Row: Sergeants Pence, William R.; Ruzicka, Gerald G.; Singleton, Thomas; Smith, Thomas H.; Webb, McKinley; Welborn, Leslie P.
Fourth Row: Sergeants Whitcomb, Peter B.; Williams, Willie M.; Corporals Anderson, James S.; Bussler, Rudyard A.; Chestney, Bard S.; Cobb, Haskell T.
Fifth Row: Corporals Cox, John A.; Dodd, Hugh C.; Griffis, Bryce E.; Harris, Walter A.; Hawkins, Chester E.; Hite, William B.
Sixth Row: Corporals Johnson, Eugene r.; Kess, Raymond P.; Matlock, Samuel A.; McKain, Newell R.; Miller, William F.; Pabich, Francis F.
Seventh Row: Corporals Pennington, Hubert W.; Rodriguez, Celso, Jr.; Spencer, Wayne C.; Smiczek, Leonard J.; Stark, Ernest F.; Walker, Cecil M.
Eighth Row: Corporals Ylimainen, Uno E.; Privates First Class Barrow, Arthur W.; Betts, Albert W.; Bradbury, Frelan C.; Breon, Eugene E.; Charles, Joseph H.
Ninth Row: Privates First Class Cooper, William C.; Cubbedge, David L.; Cummings, Charles E.; Daugherty, James Q.; Kellems, Robert B.; Kottke, Howard H.
Tenth Row: Privates First Class Martin, Loral; Papai, William J.; Ridgeway, John R.; Stump, Ralph R.; Privates Aaron, Harry J. Jr.; Acker, Junior H.
[108]
[page break]
439TH SCHOOL SQUADRON
[9 rows of 6 photographs]
[1 row of 5 photographs]
(Reading from Left to Right)
First Row: Privates Agnew, James L.; Alquin, Eugene W.; Anderes, Albert C.; Attaway, J.A.E.; Baecker, John A.; Baker, J.W.
Second Row: Privates Baumann, R.A.; Boswell, Bon E. Jr.; Bozmoff, George M.; Bragdon, Lloyd F.; Brazell, Frank W.; Bream, William H.
Third Row: Privates Brodeur, Albert S.; Brown, Willard E.; Burns, Vincent J.; Butsko, J.; Crouch, Glen L.; Davis, Harry R.
Fourth Row: Privates De Vault, John R.; Dixon, Erb T.; Dougherty, Frederick G.; Ewing, Harry S.; Friedel, George R.; Gomery, Clair T.
Fifth Row: Privates Gordon, W.G.; Hassing, Philip; Heider, George R.; Hinkley, Robert W.; Horton, Travis G.; James, Thomas E.
Sixth Row: Privates Jeffreys, Van C.; Kautz, Harold E.; Kramer, Harry W.; Lankowitz, George; Lipis, Elias L.; Locke, Selden B.
Seventh Row: Privates Lyon, Robert V.; McAlpin, Marion B.; McQuillan, Patrick J.; Mandeville, Joseph L.; Mason, M.; Moss, Julius.
Eighth Row: Privates O’Kane, Robert P.; Rafter, Francis E.; Robinson, Arthur W.; Robinson, Horation A.; Schwab, Morris; Schwager, Stephen.
Ninth Row: Privates Seddon, John R.; Simmons, Adelbert P.; Smith, Charles J.; Smith, Herbert B.; Soudant, George D.; Taylor, George A.
Tenth Row: Privates Trombley, Robert R.; Wagner, Joseph D.; Wassilak, Adolph F.; West, Wayne D.; Withelm, James R.
[109]
[page break]
440TH SCHOOL SQUADRON
[Photograph]
BISHOP P. PARRISH, JR.
Captain
Commanding
[5 rows of 6 photographs]
(Reading from Left to Right)
First Row: Master Sergeant Rice, Douglas G.; First Sergeant Mitchell, Marston L.; Technical Sergeants Davis, Edward V.; Wiggins, Eugene W.; Staff Sergeants Arrington, Richard; Bacorn, James W.
Second Row: Staff Sergeants Blanchette, Robert A.; Embovitz, Adolph E.; Field, George H.; Gilbertson, Robert L.; Guthrie, James A.; Hewitt, John F.
Third Row: Staff Sergeants Kolling, James A.; Lenz, Clarence A.; MacQuarrie, John M.; Mason, George L.; Morris, Ted; Ordway, Richard.
Fourth Row: Staff Sergeants Pendell, Eugene G.; Seaman, Richard O.; Sergeants Campfield, Arthur W.; Carlo, Samuel S.; Carpenter, Colon T.; Cochran, Jack.
Fifth Row: Sergeants Danforth, Thomas C.; Davis, Howard; Dobberpuhl, Chester A.; Faling, Marvin R.; Foley, Edward C.; Galloway, Leo A.
[110]
[page break]
440TH SCHOOL SQUADRON
[9 rows of 5 photographs]
(Reading from Left to Right)
First Row: Sergeants Goddard, Clarence L.; Graff, Alvin G.; Hancock, Robert L.; Hoke, Dennis E.; Jarrett, William E.
Second Row: Sergeants Jensen, Howard W.; Jensen, Warren E.; Knight, Evert L.; Kramp, Paul A.; Kunsaitis, Anthony F.
Third Row: Sergeants Lutz, Eugene R. Jr.; McCormick, Kenneth P.; McNeill, John W.; Murray, Paul J.; Newell, William J.
Fourth Row: Sergeants Pochodzay, Marion; Pouliot, Roger; Pounds, Armond H.; Potts, George T.; Risinger, Harry B.
Fifth Row: Sergeants Russell, Ralph K.; Saxton, Cecil G.; Schaefer, Carl J.; Sevier, William F.; Shull, Donald C.
Sixth Row: Sergeants Starr, William G.; Taylor, Kenneth M.; Tribbett, Walter A.; Weronko, Chester J.; Wey, Karl W. Jr.
Seventh Row: Sergeants Whalen, Kenneth L.; Wolak, Edward W.; Woodward, John A.; Corporals Bauman, Jack; Brennan, Bernard.
Eighth Row: Corporals Coil, Stanley F.; Crowley, Bernard J.; Cunnnigham, Richard W. Jr.; Dalby, Charles W.; Forish, Joseph M.
Ninth Row: Corporals Frank, James M.; Fraser, Donald M.; Fritsche, Walter E.; Gilman, Frank R.; Haigh, Harold B.
[111]
[page break]
440TH SCHOOL SQUADRON
[10 rows of 5 photographs]
(Reading from Left to Right)
First Row: Corporals Harmon, Bennie D.; Harmon, John R.; Harter, Raymond H.; Hogue, Richard P.; Jett, Malcolm B.
Second Row: Corporals Korns, Dudley W.; Lindy, Ansel; Machaczka, Theodore; Magazzini, Michael; Mayes, Charles E.
Third Row: Corporals Moffett, Raymond P.; Patton, Hugh D.; Reid, Ralph M.; Rickey, John W.; Shields, Kenneth S.
Fourth Row: Corporals Smeck, Harold E.; Smith, Richard C.; Stevens, Loyd H.; Thibodeaux, Joseph N.; Thompson, Kermit L.
Fifth Row: Corporals White, Orin L.; Williams, Walter W.; Woodruff, Donald M.; Wyme, Maurice H.; Private First Class Doane, Edward F.
Sixth Row: Privates First Class Farmer, Carl E.; Fuscaldo, Frank J.; Gayton, Harold T.; Gilbert, Robert C. Jr.; Haidet, Clifford E.
Seventh Row: Privates First Class Harrison, James P.; Margiotta, John, Middleton, John I. Jr.; Oden, James H.; O’Neill, Gilmore.
Eighth Row: Privates First Class Reichart, Ralph R.; Riley, Samuel B.; Sheeran, Francis D.; Siegel, Irving C.; Simpson, Harold E.
Ninth Row: Privates First Class Spetjack, Frank; Stegemann, Gustave E.; Stoddart, James H.; Trickett, Powell N.; Van Doren, Donald J.
Tenth Row: Privates First Class Walters, Paul D.; Wright, Phillip D.; Privates Ash, Richard D.; Bettle, Daniel O.; Blank, Donald C.
[112]
[page break]
440TH SCHOOL SQUADRON
[8 rows of 5 photographs]
[2 rows of 4 photographs]
(Reading from Left to Right)
First Row: Privates Bode, Robert H.; Bonom, Milton; Borders, Cecil C.; Cation, Paul C.; Clark, Eugene B.
Second Row: Privates Dissen, Joseph P.; Duvall, Lauren L.; Eggen, Byron R.; Enoch, Milton; Fetzer, William W.
Third Row: Privates Fletcher, Kenneth T.; Goldstein, Kolman; Hornberg, Edward H.; Huffmaster, Howard H.; Huhtala, Ernest E.
Fourth Row: Privates James, William L.; Kaminsky, Victor; Knobloch, Wayne R.; Lagalo, Frank; Latham, Marion C.
Fifth Row: Privates Lester, Harold J.; Levy, Gerson; Liscomb, Nile L.; Lyons, Meade G.; Mann, Fred W.
Sixth Row: Privates Matzen, Arthur J.; Mikus, Anthony C.; Murphy, Raymond K.; Myers, Joseph D.; Packard, Robert R.
Seventh Row: Privates Pelensky, Raymond J.; Prasifka, Reyburn J.; Reeves, James B.; Rogal, Melvin; Rowland, Charles H.
Eighth Row: Privates Rucker, Tolbert A.; Shagrin, Louis; Shedlock, John A.; Spuller, George C.; Ter Haar, LeRoi.
Ninth Row: Privates Thompson, James R.; Thornton, Kenneth F.; Tutt, Donald R.; Wagnon, Felton C.
Tenth Row: Attached Men and All Ratings, Sergeant Sisson, Paul L.; Corporal Sannes, Carl A.; Privates Fabec, Frank L.; Gerik, Alvin R.
[113]
[page break]
MILITARY POLICE
[Photograph]
CHARLES R. CROSS
Major
Commanding
[9 rows of 6 photographs]
[1 row of 5 photographs]
(Reading from Left to Right)
321ST SCHOOL SQUADRON
First Row: Corporals Buckley, Marriott; D’Agostino, Joseph L.; Kovalik, Robert A.; Private First Class Bailey, Donald W.
322ND SCHOOL SQUADRON
Sergeants Little, James T.; Martin, Marvin.
Second Row: Sergeant McDermitt, John H.; Corporals Brady, John R.; Hatley, Daniel W.; Privates Gilkey, Robert J.; Wyer, James C.
323RD SCHOOL SQUADRON
Sergeant Matthews, Bernard J.
Third Row: Corporals Berry, Lester R.; Paris, John M.
439TH SCHOOL SQUADRON
Staff Sergeant Epsom, George A.; Sergeants Burke, James A.; Fyke, Mayes B.; Jones, Delbert.
Fourth Row: Sergeant Woody, Oren W.; Corporal Fuller, Charles C.; Privates First Class Eversole, Robert J.; Henson, Delbert L.; Ledford, Robert J.; Private Robinson, James H.
440TH SCHOOL SQUADRON
Fifth Row: Sergeant Mobley, John E.; Private First Class Simon, George V.; Private Marconi, Gene J.
61ST AIR BASE SQUADRON
Staff Sergeants Hanfstaengl, Egon L.; Love, John J.; Miles, John J.
Sixth Row: Staff Sergeants Rooksberry, Robert E.; Wortham, B.C.; Sergeants Badgley, Jack L.; Carfello, Louis; Destefano, Joseph G.; Garriott, George A.
Seventh Row: Sergeants Kelly, Edward J.; Naugle, Melvin, L.; Seidler, Frederick W.; Turner, Ray, I.; Corporals Cerulli, Patsy J.; Korba, John.
Eighth Row: Corporals Napolitano, Patsy J.; Palmer, James A.; Shapiro, Joseph; Sullivan, Lester B.; Woznakiewicz, Leon; Private First Class Blanos, George.
Ninth Row: Privates First Class Greenwood, John R.; Kellen, Joseph W.; Rotunno, George G.; Privates Baer, B.T.; Eakley, George; Kershner, Jack.
Tenth Row: Privates McGuire, George W.; Novotny, Steven G.; Serdziak, Edward L.
77TH MATERIEL SQUADRON
Privates First Class Batten, Robert L.; Rea, John F.X.
[114]
[page break]
[Photograph]
J.W. CLARK
Captain
Commanding
BAND
[1 row of 5 photographs]
[3 rows of 6 photographs]
[1 row of 4 photographs]
(Reading from left to right)
First Row: Master Sergeant Wickersham, R.; Staff Sergeant Karstens, F.H.; Sergeants Enckler, H.G.; Gancar, J.W.; Haislup, G.E.
Second Row: Sergeants Holloway, J.B.; Stynosky, G.; Zoller, R.H.; Corporals Feldman, C.; Lee, H.J.; Lowery, R.
Third Row: Corporals Luth, K.E.; Olney, D.H.; Rawles, F.C.; Silverman, M.; Privates First Class Egan, A.W.; Farrell, J.C.
Fourth Row: Privates First Class Lewis, R.; Lumbrazo, A.J.; Scarci, L.A.; Van Duren, W.; Venton, W. Jr.; Wine, R.C.
Fifth Row: Private First Class Zajac, S.J.; Privates Cosenza, G.; Fletcher, H.M.; Roberts, G.
[115]
[page break]
STATION HOSPITAL
(Reading from Left to Right)
First Row: Staff Sergeants Lenhart, Andrew K.; Lockard, George C. Jr.; Sergeant Spanier, Henry; Technician Fourth Grade Levin, Robert; Technicians Fifth Grade Evans, David A.; Kenney, Edmund R.
Second Row: Privates First Class Houser, Michael J.; Kohl, John E.; Stoffa, John; Privates Butcher, William A.; Friedman, Leonard; Lasala, Vincenzo.
Third Row: Privates Mansfield, Thomas J.; Mills, James P.; Pasternak, Samuel; Schames, Abraham A.; Wright, Carl W.
[2 rows of 6 photographs]
[1 row of 5 photographs]
VETERINARY DETACHMENT
STATION HOSPITAL
(Reading from Left to Right)
Sergeant Klingenhagen, Henry; Privates Hampton, William W.; Kafka, Henry W.
[1 row of 3 photographs]
[116]
[page break]
MEDICAL DETACHMENT
[Photograph]
WATSON L. LUTHER, JR.
Second Lieutenant
Commanding
[5 rows of 5 photographs]
(Reading from Left to Right)
First Row: Master Sergeant Galatas, Joe H.; First Sergeant Church, Jim A.; Staff Sergeants Haddon, Thomas W.; Lewis, Benjamin H.; Lieberman, Barney.
Second Row: Staff Sergeant Scheuermann, James W.; Sergeants Abernathy, Fletcher C.; Causey, Hilton E.; Craddock, Mike; Korngut, Archie.
Third Row: Sergeants Presley, L.A.; Wertz, Joe L.; Technicians Fourth Grade Heil, John E.; Hockenbury, Robert E.; Horine, Herbert R.
Fourth Row: Technicians Fourth Grade Innella, Michael M.; Kilian, John G.; Killeen, John M.; Corporals Hammer, Rudolph G.; Simchina, Michael.
Fifth Row: Technicians Fifth Grade Grieder, Roy F.; Hayduk, Walter F.; Huttmann, Charles F.; Kaplowitz, Leonard J.; Kleinow, William O.
[117]
[page break]
MEDICAL DETACHMENT
[1 row of 4 photographs]
[6 rows of 5 photographs]
[1 row of 3 photographs]
(Reading from Left to Right)
First Row: Privates First Class Cooper, Charles F.; Jr.; Davidson, Charles S.; Deitchman, Joseph; Ewald, Elmer W.
Second Row: Privates First Class Gombkoto, Stephen, Jr.; Massey, John E.; Miller, Albert W.; Miller, Ralph W.; O’Connell, John N.
Third Row: Privates First Class Raimondi, Angelo J.; Sadowitz, Albert; Privates Brown, Arthur J.; Cleveland, Winfred G.; Crowley, Charles H.
Fourth Row: Privates Donahue, Lawrence; Flynn, William J.; Geller, Sidney; Grier, Paul H.; Johnson, Willard E.
Fifth Row: Privates Kania, John; Krotchko, Michael G.; Lapidow, Frank H.; Lee, John H.; Miastkowski, Stanley.
Sixth Row: Privates Molloy, William J.; Nelson, H.M.; Nix, Earl V.; Roerden, Emil H.; Roller, Leslie.
Seventh Row: Privates Rubin, David A.; Schmidt, Edward; Schneider, Samuel; Sheehan, Fred E.; Weaver, P.H.
Eighth Row: Privates West, Thomas C.; Wilson, Doyle F.; Worm, Vergil H.
[118]
[page break]
MEDICAL DETACHMENT
COLORED SECTION
(Reading from Left to Right)
First Row: Corporals Briscoe, F.; Hill, I.V.; Private First Class Allen, L.E.; Barnes, D.; Davis, D.E.
Second Row: Privates First Class Graddick, S.; Honeycutt, L.; Johnson, G.; Johnson, T.; Jones, B.J.
Third Row: Privates First Class Jones, R.J.; Robinson, C.C.; Privates Adams, R.; Bonner, F.; Brooks, H.
Fourth Row: Privates Elliot, H.; Gaines, J.; Hodges, A.H.; Jackson, G.; Jewell, J.
Fifth Row: Privates Lacroix, O.J.; Strickland, G.W.; Worth, F., Jr.
[4 rows of 5 photographs]
[1 row of 3 photographs]
[119]
[page break]
907TH QUARTERMASTER COMPANY
[Photograph]
RUSSELL C. BURKHOLDER
First Lieutenant
Commanding
[5 rows of 6 photographs]
(Reading from Left to Right)
First Row: Master Sergeant Krampitz, Albert J.; Technical Sergeants McCarthy, John A.; Mitchell, James L.; Staff Sergeants Codde, Harry L.; Hurtle, Herman G.; Peterson, Carl E.
Second Row: Staff Sergeant Spann, James L.; Technician Third Grade Thomas, Sidney M.; Sergeants Brown, David W.; Czarkowski, Harry S.; Enger, Arnold J.; Hildebrandt, Arnold L.
Third Row: Sergeants Jockisch, Virgil E.; Lund, O.; Posavac, Martin; Wilson, Philip C.; Technicians Fourth Grade Blackburn, William K.; DeSarro, Edward M.
Fourth Row: Technicians Fourth Grade Goodrum, Roy A.; Henkle, John L.; Werther, Carl A.; Corporals Anderson, Raymond H.; Ferrara, Joseph; Griff, Wilbur L.
Fifth Row: Corporals Warner, William L.; Technicians Fifth Grade Hall, Roy F.; Lane, D.K.; Rhynard, Gerald E.; Salsman, Fred H.; Toomey, Oliver R.
[120]
[page break]
907TH QUARTERMASTER COMPANY
[10 rows of 5 photographs]
(Reading from Left to Right)
First Row: Privates First Class Allen, John R.; Atkins, James I.; Atristain, Philip; Axton, Delmar B.; Baxter, Chester W.
Second Row: Privates First Class Benjamin Jack; Black, John S.; Bradley, Donald C.; Cosgrove, Lester J.; Dixon, Osborne C.
Third Row: Privates First Class Gerner, Charles A.; Greene, Anderson B.; Hackett, William A.; Hamrick, John W.; Heischober, Harold.
Fourth Row: Privates First Class Houchin, Roy; Martin, Major G.; Meredith, Eugene Q.; Peeler, Harry J.; Phelps, Shirley E.
Fifth Row: Privates First Class Rose, Ruben F.; Rubensohn, Herbert B.; Ruderman, Arthur; Stock, Louis; Tyler, Melvin N.
Sixth Row: Privates First Class Ursitti, Tony G.; Wood, Otha L.; Privates Allen, Claude R.; Andino, Dominic A.; Baker, Francis M.
Seventh Row: Privates Barnwell, Roy C.; Blailock, Westley; Blume, Lonnie W.; Boone, Fowler; Brown, Chester W.
Eighth Row: Privates Donini, Albert; Ewaniuk, William; Gamage, Joe A.; Garlan, Vincent J.; Graham, Arnold C.
Ninth Row: Privates Harrill, Charles G.; Heffernan, Harris F.; Helms, General W.; Jordan, Ealon E.; Staley, Ralph E.
Tenth Row: Privates Verbetic, Stephen; Williams, Fred E.; Wilson, Edgar M.; Wright, Don C.; Wright, Ralph L.
[121]
[page break]
[Photograph]
JACK H. EVANS
Captain
Commanding
PROVISIONAL RECRUIT DETACHMENT
(Reading from Left to Right)
First Row: Technical Sergeant Holcomb, Robert L.; Sergeants Gibson, William W.; Malisbury, Thos.; Montvidas, Peter J.; Corporal Lako, James E.
Second Row: Sergeant Whitcomb, Peter B.; Corporals Roberts, Gerald N.; Privates First Class Eversole, Edwin A.; Israel, William; Private Seymour, Gerald K.
[2 rows of 5 photographs]
[122]
[page break]
[Photograph]
PAUL J. RENGSDORF
Second Lieutenant
Administrative Officer
COMPANY L
[9 rows of 6 photographs]
[1 row of 5 photographs]
(Reading from Left to Right)
First Row: Privates Adolphson, John W.; Altomare, Anthony A.; Beam, Lee H.; Billingsley, George N.; Blachman, Abraham; Bowman, Eugene.
Second Row: Privates Bozza, Peter; Brenelich, Raymond F.; Buskirk, Joseph A.; Damiano, Joseph; Dolan, Francis; Donnelly, Joseph.
Third Row: Privates Donnelly, Lawrence M.; Fabrizio, Patrick; Fountain, Herbert F.; Freese, Harry Charles; Furman, John; Gangloff, Richard B.
Fourth Row: Privates Gervasi, Sebastian J.; Harris, John F.; Havelichek, Andrew R.; Hebberd, William H.; Heiser, Francis J.; Henker, Edward.
Fifth Row: Privates Henry, James E. Jr.; Hensler, Regis J.; Hesko, Zygmund; Hess, Robert K.; Higgins, John V.; Horner, David S.
Sixth Row: Privates Howell, Clarence W.; Hughes, William J.; Lovino, Anthony F.; Javor, John J.; Johnson, Hilmer J.; Johnston, Charles F.
Seventh Row: Privates Jones, Arthur C.; Jones, Carrol F.; Just, Lugi T.; Kahler, Gerald P.; Karis, Edward J.; Keenan, Charles D.
Eighth Row: Privates Kelly, Joseph; Kendzior, William J.; Kenny, William T.; Kent, F.F.; Keough, Bernard M.; Keough, James F.
Ninth Row: Privates Klien, Michael; Kloc, Anthony J.; Kochie, Joseph E.; Kozak, Matthew R.; Kozielski, Constantine J.; Koznarskey, Joseph.
Tenth Row: Privates Krol, Stanley B.; Kudrick, John; Lagocki, Frank L.; Lagocki, Henry M.; Lambie, John H.
[123]
[page break]
COMPANY L
[1 row of 4 photographs]
[6 rows of 6 photographs]
[1 row of 5 photographs]
[1 row of 6 photographs]
[1 row of 4 photographs]
(Reading from Left to Right)
First Row: Privates LaRock, Lloyd H.; Lauffer, Alvin K.; Lees, George E.; Leonard, John.
Second Row: Privates Leonard, Michael; Livelsberger, Clair; Lloyd, Raymond C.; Lopeck, Andrew; Love, Ralph; Lozier, Charles M.
Third Row: Privates Lunning, James J.; McAulley, Charles; McCall, Charles M.; McConkey, Bert L.; McCormack, Wilton M.; McDonald, Joseph R.
Fourth Row: Privates McHugh, Edward T.; Mackanin, Joseph; Marn, Edward J.; Marshak, William L.; Masciantonio, John C.; Mason, John F.
Fifth Row: Privates Matchett, William; Mattern, Floyd Jr.; Matthews, Thomas F.; Mendis, Joseph T.; Mildenberger, Edward A.; Miller, Earl K.
Sixth Row: Privates Miller, John J.; Monson, Harry W.; Murawaski, Frank J.; O’Byrne, Francis J.; O’Leary, George J.; Polino, Peter.
Seventh Row: Privates Priest, Donald O.; Ralph, Samuel O.; Reinhardt, William L. Jr.; Rhodes, Brady L.; Rook, Jack J.; Rubbo, Donald.
Eighth Row: Privates Rubenstein, Herbert; Saitta, Joseph L.; Salome, John; Schuchmann, Arthur A.; Scott, Joseph P.
Ninth Row: Privates Sherry, Sol H.; Simpson, William D.; Singleton, William C.; Skinner, Merton F. Jr.; Smith, James J.; Steeves, Kenneth J.
Tenth Row: Privates Uva, Marcello; Wandell, Leo; Whaley, Robert G.; Zottoli, Joseph T.
[124]
[page break]
COMPANY M
[Photograph]
ARTHUR C. SWALLOW
Second Lieutenant
Commanding
[9 rows of 6 photographs]
(Reading from Left to Right)
First Row: Privates Cacossa, Dominick A.; Carle, Ralph G.; Cole, Geo. W.; Comiskey, John J.; Conley, Sherwood Decker; Coons, Martin.
Second Row: Privates Dobrin, Irving; Heaney, John T.; Hogan, John J.; Hughston, Aubrey L.; Hyland, Norman H.; Jablonski, John M.
Third Row: Privates Kaulback, Aubrey C.; Keegan, Wm. H.; Kenny, John F.; Lamb, Fred E.; Lambert, Jas. V.; Latham, Edw. V.
Fourth Row: Privates Oberlander, Alex; O’Brien, Michael W.; Ockenhouse, Maynard T.; O’Connor, Jas. J.; O’Connor, Stephen J.; Olsen, Alfred.
Fifth Row: Privates Olszewski, Norbert J.; Orpesa, Alfonso E.; Osborne, Richard R.; O’Shea, Jas. F.; Oybkhan, David; Panella, Bernard J.
Sixth Row: Privates Panzarella, Frank; Pascale, Vitto A.R.; Pasko, Frank M.; Patrick, Chas. K.; Peacock, Duane J.; Pearson, Harry.
Seventh Row: Privates Peio, Randolph M.; Penna, Anthony J.; Petronecci, Sammy N.; Phelps, Francis W.; Piekniewski, Jos. R.; Pizonowski, Jacob.
Eighth Row: Privates Pooley, Robert T.; Post, Harold R.; Postorino, Patrick E.; Prenner, Garson; Preston, Lee J.; Pritchard, Arthur.
Ninth Row: Privates Pusterla, John F.; Quintana, Salvador A.; Rabinowicz, Markus; Raftrey, Martin J.; Raichelson, Ralph; Rajk, Frank J. Jr.
[125]
[page break]
COMPANY M
[10 rows of 5 photographs]
(Reading from Left to Right)
First Row: Privates Ranni, John; Rasczyk, Bennie J.; Rasy, Danny H.; Renz, John W.; Repoli, John A.
Second Row: Privates Resch, Arthur C.; Reznick, Jos. F.; Robertson, Harry W.; Roney, Chos. D.; Rosenbaum, Wm.
Third Row: Privates Rosenblatt, Saul; Rosenblum, Harry; Rossell, Thomas D.; Rothermel, John D.; Rothermel, Woodrow H.
Fourth Row: Privates Rudy, Henry; Ruiz, Frank; Ruminski, Frank; Ruseckras, John B.; Rusin, Walter A.
Fifth Row: Privates Russo, Fortuanto R.; Sabella, Jos.; Sammarco, Mario J.; Say, Benton S.; Schaffer, Jerome R.
Sixth Row: Privates Schmidt, Eugene I.; Schneider, Wm. F.; Schoenfield, Max M.; Schofield, Patrick J.; Schott, Wm. J.
Seventh Row: Privates Schrerber, Louis I.; Schuss, Sydney S.; Seaha, John; Secare, Albert P.; Seitzer, Harold M.
Eighth Row: Privates Senikowich, William; Serling, Jacob; Serrano, Geo.; Shappe, Chas. H.; Shavell, Max; Sherry, Jeremiah T.
Ninth Row: Privates Shoemaker, Benjamin W.; Spaeth, Henry; Stasik, Theodore J.; Stenzler, Isidore, Strati, Gaotano V.
Tenth Row: Privates Sudut, Stanley J.; Sullivan, Daniel H.; Swartz, Walter R.; Tinnel, Ben T.; Wells, Emmett.
[126]
[page break]
27TH AVIATION SQUADRON
[Photograph]
KENETH B. CASSIDY
Captain
Commanding
[4 rows of 6 photographs]
(Reading from Left to Right)
First Row: First Sergeant Barnes, Eugene; Sergeants Chandler, John R.; Davis, William R.; Snelling, Luther, Wilkerson, Freddie; Wills, Horace A.
Second Row: Corporal Watkins, Cornelious; Privates First Class Brown, Otis D.; Carter, M.C.; Cooper, Ceasar; Lawrence, Robert J.; Mitchell, Thomas.
Third Row: Privates First Class Morris, John E.; Ross, Wesley; Veal, Harold A.; Williams, Van; Privates Adams, William; Clemont, Herbert L.
Fourth Row: Privates Gilreath, John T.; Lawson, Clarence; Morton, Sanford; Shavers, I.W.; Slay, Woodrow; Spearman, Sayle.
[127]
[page break]
823RD QUARTERMASTER COMPANY
[8 rows of 6 photographs]
[1 row of 5 photographs]
(Reading from Left to Right)
First Row: Sergeants Fitzpatrick, R.; McKinney J.; Morris, R.; Corporals Burst, E.; McDermott, W.; Mitchell, H.
Second Row: Corporals Taylor, A.; Winfrey, P.; Privates First Class Anderson S.; Cumberlander, G.; Hamilton, J.; Jones, J.
Third Row: Privates First Class Pate S.; Thompson, M.; Wood, M.; Privates Baker, Ed R.; Buford, J.; Burney, E.
Fourth Row: Privates Caldwell, M.; Carter, M.H.; Davis, E.; Davis, J.C.; Dillard, W.T.; Ellery, L.B.
Fifth Row: Privates Fountain, O.B.; Freeman, Fred; Gooding, B.; Howard, S.; Kearse, J.; Lewis, E.
Sixth Row: Privates Logan, F.; McCollum, R.; McKinnie, W.; Mills, F.; Mitchell, M.; Phillips, W.T.
Seventh Row: Privates Pryor, T.I.; Ray, J.W.; Robbin, W.; Simon, J.; Spicer, G.T.; Smith, L.S.
Eighth Row: Privates Smith, J.; Smith, W.; Spain, J.; Staples, E.T.; Taylor, Alex; Thompson, F.
Ninth Row: Privates Thomas J.; Tyler, S.; Upchurch, J.; Wilson, G.; Young, P.
[128]
PUBLISHED 1942 BY
ARMY AND NAVY PUBLISHING CO., INC.
BATON ROUGE, LOUISIANA
[page break]
CAPTAIN CHARLES D. BAYLIS, USMC (RET)
Editor-in-Chief and Director of Field Operations
[page break]
[Embossed crest]
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Cochran Field
Description
An account of the resource
A book detailing the activities undertaken at the training airfield of Cochran. It describes the history of the field, the training courses and names the staff and students.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Army Air Forces
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
United States
Georgia
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Royal Air Force
United States Army Air Force
Language
A language of the resource
eng
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
One printed book
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
MStimpsonMC155249-190922-09
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
IBCC Digital Archive
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
Conforms To
An established standard to which the described resource conforms.
Pending text-based transcription. Under review
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Angela Gaffney
bombing
Harvard
training
-
https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/files/original/1853/35519/MGallupR171215-170521-01.2.pdf
09af47fefff191097018ae040928e99b
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Gallop, Roy
R Gallop
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
IBCC Digital Archive
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2017-05-21
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
Gallup, R
Description
An account of the resource
Nine items. The collection concerns Sergeant Roy Gallop (171215 Royal Air Force) and contains a year book for Cochran Field 1942, documents and photographs.
The collection has been donated to the IBCC Digital Archive by Mike Coster and catalogued by Barry Hunter.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Cochran Field Wings over America
Description
An account of the resource
A booklet containing historical images of the USAAF, details about training and photographs of staff and cadets.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1942
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
United States
Georgia--Cochran
Georgia
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Royal Air Force
United States Army Air Force
Language
A language of the resource
eng
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
144 page booklet
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
MGallupR171215-170521-01
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
IBCC Digital Archive
Conforms To
An established standard to which the described resource conforms.
Pending text-based transcription. Allocated
Temporal Coverage
Temporal characteristics of the resource.
1942
aircrew
bomb aimer
C-47
Harvard
navigator
Stearman
training
-
https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/files/original/2067/34171/PStimpsonMC19010023.1.jpg
71a8d7212024045dd133170188d28b1b
https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/files/original/2067/34171/PStimpsonMC19010024.1.jpg
3ccd0d000e668a0376829ed8e580ccd9
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Stimpson, Maurice Cecil
Description
An account of the resource
124 items. The collection concerns Flight Lieutenant Maurice Cecil Stimpson DFC (1921 - 1944, 155249 Royal Air Force) and contains his log books, photographs, documents, and pennants. He flew operations as a pilot with 156 Squadron and was killed 15 February 1944. <br /><br />The collection has been donated to the IBCC Digital Archive by Tony France and catalogued by Barry Hunter. <br /><br />Additional information on Maurice Cecil Stimpson is available via the <a href="https://losses.internationalbcc.co.uk/loss/226992/">IBCC Loses Database.</a>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2019-09-22
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
IBCC Digital Archive
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
Stimpson,
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
County Building Valdosta
Description
An account of the resource
A municipal building identified as the County Building, Valdosta, Georgia.
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
United States
Georgia--Valdosta
Georgia
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Civilian
Language
A language of the resource
eng
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Photograph
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
One b/w photograph
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
PStimpsonMC19010023,
PStimpsonMC19010024
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
IBCC Digital Archive
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
-
https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/files/original/778/15055/LGoffCC746538v2.2.pdf
1224348d25c1a3ec92fe925026d1df47
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Goff, Cyril
Cyril C Goff
C C Goff
Description
An account of the resource
Three items. The collection concerns Pilot Officer Cyril Goff (746538, Royal Air Force) and contains two log books and a handwritten note naming his crew. He was a pilot and flew 13 operations with 100 Squadron from RAF Grimsby.
The collection has been loaned to the IBCC Digital Archive for digitisation by N Bussey and catalogued by David Leitch.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
IBCC Digital Archive
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2016-12-12
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. Some items have not been published in order to protect the privacy of third parties, to comply with intellectual property regulations, or have been assessed as medium or low priority according to the IBCC Digital Archive collection policy and will therefore be published at a later stage. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal, https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/collection-policy.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
Goff, CC
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Cyril Charles Goff’s pilot flight record and log book (USA issue). Two
Description
An account of the resource
Pilot Flight Record and Log Book for Pilot Officer Cyril Charles Goff from March 1942 to May 1943. Detailing Arnold Scheme training schedule in the United States at Americus, Montgomery, Albany and later at RAF Perton.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Great Britain. Royal Air Force
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
IBCC Digital Archive
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
David Leitch
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
One booklet
Language
A language of the resource
eng
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Text. Log book and record book
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
LGoffCC746538v2
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Royal Air Force
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
United States
Great Britain
Alabama
Georgia
Alabama--Montgomery
Georgia--Albany
Georgia--Americus
England--Staffordshire
Temporal Coverage
Temporal characteristics of the resource.
1942
1943
aircrew
Flying Training School
pilot
Stearman
training
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https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/files/original/968/17236/LBartonCJ168669v1.1.pdf
03b072441c793e470422c31d27a242a9
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Barton, Cyril
Cyril Joe Barton VC
C J Barton
Description
An account of the resource
Eight items. The collection concerns Cyril Joe Barton VC (1921 - 1944, <span>168669 Royal Air Force</span>) and contains his log book, letters, and photographs. He flew operations as a pilot with 76, 78 and 578 Squadrons and was p<span>osthumously awarded the Victoria Cross for his efforts in saving the other crew members when returning from an operation to </span>Nuremberg on 30/31 March 1944.<br /><br />The collection has been loaned to the IBCC Digital Archive for digitisation by Cynthia Maidment and catalogued by Barry Hunter. <br /><br />Some items have been reproduced with the kind Permission of the Trustees of the Royal Air Force Museum.<br /><br /><span>Additional information on Cyril Joe Barton is available via the </span><a href="https://internationalbcc.co.uk/losses/201483/">IBCC Losses Database</a><span>.</span>
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
IBCC Digital Archive
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2017-10-06
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
Barton, CJ
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Cyril J Barton’s Royal Canadian Air Force pilots flying log book
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
IBCC Digital Archive
Description
An account of the resource
Royal Canadian Air Force pilots flying log book for Cyril Joe Barton. Covering the period from 19 January 1942 to 27 March 1944. Detailing his flying training and operations flown. He was stationed at Darr Aero Tech, USAF Cochran Field, USAF Napier Field, RAF Chipping Norton, RAF Little Rissington, RAF Chipping Warden, RAF Kinloss, RAF Rufforth, RAF Breighton, RAF Snaith and RAF Burn. Aircraft flown were, Stearman PT17, Vultee BT 13a, North American AT6, Oxford, Whitley and Halifax. He flew a total of 19 night operations, 2 with 1663 conversion unit while attached to 76 squadron, 10 with 78 squadron and 7 with 578 squadron. Targets were, Hamburg, Montlucon, Hannover, Mannheim, Bochum, Leverkusen, Berlin, Frankfurt, Stuttgart, and Essen. <span>His first or second pilots on operations were </span>Flight Sergeant Myers, Sergeant Ward and Flying Officer Bennett. His log book is stamped Killed in action. This item has been reproduced with the kind Permission of the Trustees of the Royal Air Force Museum.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Great Britain. Royal Air Force
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Mike Connock
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
One booklet
Language
A language of the resource
eng
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Text. Log book and record book
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
LBartonCJ168669v1
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Royal Air Force
Royal Air Force. Bomber Command
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
France
Germany
Great Britain
United States
Alabama--Dale County
England--Gloucestershire
England--Northamptonshire
England--Oxfordshire
England--Yorkshire
France--Montluçon
Georgia--Albany
Georgia--Macon
Germany--Berlin
Germany--Bochum
Germany--Essen
Germany--Frankfurt am Main
Germany--Hamburg
Germany--Hannover
Germany--Leverkusen
Germany--Mannheim
Germany--Stuttgart
Scotland--Kinloss
Alabama
Georgia
Germany--Ruhr (Region)
Temporal Coverage
Temporal characteristics of the resource.
1942
1943
1944
1943-07-24
1943-07-25
1943-07-27
1943-07-28
1943-09-15
1943-09-16
1943-09-22
1943-09-23
1943-09-24
1943-09-27
1943-09-28
1943-09-29
1943-09-30
1943-11-19
1943-11-22
1943-11-23
1943-11-25
1943-11-26
1943-12-29
1943-11-30
1944-03-16
1944-03-17
1944-03-18
1944-03-19
1944-03-22
1944-03-23
1944-03-24
1944-03-25
1944-03-26
1944-03-27
1663 HCU
19 OTU
578 Squadron
76 Squadron
78 Squadron
Advanced Flying Unit
aircrew
bombing
bombing of Hamburg (24-31 July 1943)
Flying Training School
Halifax
Halifax Mk 3
Halifax Mk 5
Heavy Conversion Unit
killed in action
Operational Training Unit
Oxford
pilot
RAF Breighton
RAF Burn
RAF Chipping Norton
RAF Chipping Warden
RAF Kinloss
RAF Little Rissington
RAF Rufforth
RAF Snaith
Stearman
training
Whitley
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https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/files/original/1662/26951/PHughesCL16010009.2.jpg
512b1e30f755f586eb91bb34078d1564
https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/files/original/1662/26951/PHughesCL16010008.2.jpg
37aefd6d72eed3164f40ae88cc1df862
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Hughes, Clarence. Photograph album
Description
An account of the resource
48 Items. 70 page album with photographs of people and local scenes while training in Albany Georgia in the United States and Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island , Canada. Also includes scenes while on journeys in North America as well as people. family and places back in the United Kingdom.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
IBCC Digital Archive
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2016-06-02
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
PHughesCL1601
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Darr Aero Tech Albany
Description
An account of the resource
Top left - distant view of white two story building. Top right - Distant view of buildings on left at centre and right. Bottom left - Two buildings one behind the other on the right bot two story. Bottom right - view down a path of a two story white building. On the reverse 'building and barracks Darr Aero Tech Albany Georgia'.
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Four b/w photographs mounted on an album page
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Photograph
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
PHughesCL16010008, PHughesCL16010009
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Civilian
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
United States
Georgia--Albany
Georgia
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
IBCC Digital Archive
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
Conforms To
An established standard to which the described resource conforms.
Pending review