1
25
21
-
https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/files/original/2198/40324/EMartinESBatchelderHE20170502.1.pdf
12787de5ef5c24fdf5bc8711e1a6a0c7
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
Royal Air Force ex-Prisoner of War Association
Description
An account of the resource
97 items. The collection concerns Royal Air Force ex-Prisoner of War Association and contains items including drawings by the artist Ley Kenyon.
The collection has been loaned to the IBCC Digital Archive for digitisation by Robert Ankerson and catalogued by Barry Hunter.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2018-01-29
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
IBCC Digital Archive
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
RAF ex POW As Collection
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
John Martin's memoir
A Raid Over Berlin
Description
An account of the resource
The story of John Martin's last operation, how he was shot down, escaped the aircraft and was captured. He was interrogated at Dulag Luft in Frankfurt then transferred to various Stalg Luft camps. His story covers in his life until he was repatriated in 1945.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
John Martin
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
Great Britain
England--London
England--Lincoln
England--Huntingdonshire
England--Gloucestershire
Germany--Berlin
France--Caen
France--Normandy
Poland--Świnoujście
Germany--Dresden
Poland
Poland--Vistula River
Poland--Toruń
Italy
Europe--East Prussia (Poland and Russia)
England--Grimsby
France
Belgium
France--Ardennes
Netherlands--Arnhem
Belgium--Brussels
England--Dover
England--Wolverhampton
Germany--Frankfurt am Main
Germany--Hannover
Europe--Elbe River
England--Newark (Nottinghamshire)
Netherlands
Germany
England--Sleaford (Lincolnshire)
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Royal Air Force
Royal Air Force. Bomber Command
United States Army Air Force
Royal Australian Air Force
Royal Canadian Air Force
Royal Indian Air Force
Royal New Zealand Air Force
Wehrmacht. Luftwaffe
South African Air Force
Wehrmacht. Kriegsmarine
Language
A language of the resource
eng
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Text. Memoir
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
71 printed sheets
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
EMartinESBatchelderHE20170502
Conforms To
An established standard to which the described resource conforms.
Pending text-based transcription
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
IBCC Digital Archive
Temporal Coverage
Temporal characteristics of the resource.
1945
166 Squadron
air gunner
aircrew
anti-aircraft fire
B-29
bale out
bomb aimer
C-47
demobilisation
Do 217
Dulag Luft
evading
flight engineer
ground personnel
Halifax
Hitler, Adolf (1889-1945)
Lancaster
Lancastrian
mine laying
navigator
Operational Training Unit
pilot
prisoner of war
radar
RAF Cosford
RAF Cranwell
RAF Kirmington
RAF Wing
Red Cross
Resistance
sport
Stalag Luft 4
Stalag Luft 6
the long march
training
Typhoon
V-1
V-2
V-weapon
wireless operator
Women’s Auxiliary Air Force
-
https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/files/original/1912/36110/NHayhurstJM170725-03.2.jpg
cd54dd1091e9b55bb2be16cb01b550cf
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Hayhurst, Jose Margaret
J M Hayhurst
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
IBCC Digital Archive
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2017-07-25
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
Hayhurst, JM
Description
An account of the resource
108 items. The collection concerns Sergeant Jose Margaret Hayhurst (2073102 Royal Air Force) and contains decorations, uniform, documents and photographs. She served as a radar operator in the Women's Auxiliary Air Force.
The collection has been donated to the IBCC Digital Archive by Andrew Whitehouse and catalogued by Barry Hunter.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Goring Hears Fate First
Description
An account of the resource
The front page of the Daily Mail newspaper with news of the Nuremberg trial . It includes a photograph of 18 of the 21 accused.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1946-10-01
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
Germany
Germany--Nuremberg
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Wehrmacht
Wehrmacht. Luftwaffe
Wehrmacht. Kriegsmarine
Language
A language of the resource
eng
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
One printed sheet
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
NHayhurstJM170725-03
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
IBCC Digital Archive
Temporal Coverage
Temporal characteristics of the resource.
1946-10-01
Goering, Hermann (1893-1946)
-
https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/files/original/1895/35926/SGillK1438901v40002-0001.2.jpg
27b8a0c8a398cb50f3735ca7985095cf
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Gill, Kenneth
K Gill
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
IBCC Digital Archive
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2017-07-09
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
Gill, K
Description
An account of the resource
One hundred and sixty-four items plus another one hundred and fifteen in two sub-ciollections. The collection concerns Flying Officer Kenneth Gill DFC (1922 - 1945, 1438901, 155097 Royal Air Force) and contains his log book, documents, photographs and family and other correspondence. <br />He flew operations as a navigator with 9 Squadron before starting a second tour with 617 Squadron. He was killed 21 March 1945 having completed 45 operations.<br /><br />The collection also contains two albums. <br /><a href="https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/collections/show/2114">Kenneth Gill. Album One</a><br /><a href="https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/collections/show/2117">Kenneth Gill. Album Two</a><br /><br />Additional information on Kenneth Gill is available via the <a href="https://losses.internationalbcc.co.uk/loss/108654/">IBCC Losses Database.</a><br /><br />The collection has been donated to the IBCC Digital Archive by Derek Gill and catalogued by Nigel Huckins.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Tirpitz
Description
An account of the resource
Target photograph showing shoreline, with smoke obscuring the island of Hakøya within Tromsø fjord. Battleship Tirpitz can be seen just right of centre through smoke. Three water-spouts from earlier explosions above and to the right. Anti-aircraft tracer visible to top centre. Captioned ‘3°F’, ‘5’, 685 LOS 12.11.44 //8" 15400’ 325° 0843 Tirpitz J 1 HC 12000 DT. C 31secs F/L Gumbley 617'.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1944-11-12
Temporal Coverage
Temporal characteristics of the resource.
1944-11-12
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
Norway
Norway--Tromsø
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Royal Air Force
Royal Air Force. Bomber Command
Wehrmacht
Wehrmacht. Kriegsmarine
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Photograph
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
One b/w photograph
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
SGillK1438901v40002-0001
Conforms To
An established standard to which the described resource conforms.
Geolocated
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Stuart Cummins
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
IBCC Digital Archive
617 Squadron
9 Squadron
aerial photograph
bombing
Operation Catechism (12 November 1944)
target photograph
Tirpitz
-
https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/files/original/2117/35529/SGillK1438901v10039-0032.2.jpg
7f607d986135f067406ce383ef338fac
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Gill, Kenneth. Album two
Description
An account of the resource
Thirty-nine items. Album pages with photographs of family, colleagues, friends and places as well as some copies of documents and newspaper cuttings.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2017-07-09
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
IBCC Digital Archive
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
Gill, K
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
Warship diagram
Emden class light cruiser
Description
An account of the resource
Line diagram of a warship. Part of photograph in top right and title 'Emden'.
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Wehrmacht
Wehrmacht. Kriegsmarine
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Artwork
Photograph
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
One printed line drawing and one b/w photograph
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
SGillK1438901v10039-0032
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
IBCC Digital Archive
-
https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/files/original/2038/34201/SKingEJ182986v10145.2.jpg
6d0943720384c0ae430d7fef7a67e917
https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/files/original/2038/34201/SKingEJ182986v10147.2.jpg
46f5b28d52134ae504763650b887fce2
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
King, Edward James
E J King
Description
An account of the resource
46 items. The collection concerns Sergeant Edward James King (b. 1920, 1377691, 182986 Royal Air Force) and contains his log book, photographs and an album of charts and newspaper cuttings. He flew operations as a navigator with 96 and 15 Squadrons.
The collection has been donated to the IBCC Digital Archive by Patricia Joan Potter and catalogued by Trevor Hardcastle.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
IBCC Digital Archive
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2020-11-22
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
King, EJ
Dublin Core
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Description
An account of the resource
Two reconnaissance photographs. The first is low level of the Tirpitz moored stern on to the land. Jetty connects stern to land. Several other jetties are present and various smaller boats are moored or moving. Booms are seen above Tirpitz. Several platforms or barges are attached to Tirpitz and the water around the ship is discoloured by oil slicks.
The second is a low level photograph of fields with a rural road and scattered trees running left to right and another smaller road running centre left to top right. The fields are covered in vehicle tracks and at least 20 tracked vehicles are seen spread over the entire area together with a group of smaller vehicles to top right.. The area also shows scattered craters from explosions throughout.
There appears no connection between these two photographs.
Language
A language of the resource
eng
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Photograph
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Two b/w photographs
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
SKingEJ182986v10145, SKingEJ182986v10147
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
IBCC Digital Archive
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1944-07-12
Temporal Coverage
Temporal characteristics of the resource.
1944-07-12
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
Norway
Norway--Altafjord
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Wehrmacht. Kriegsmarine
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
David Sykes
Stuart Cummins
Title
A name given to the resource
Tirpitz and armoured vehicles
aerial photograph
reconnaissance photograph
Tirpitz
-
https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/files/original/1525/27333/SNewtonJL742570v10011-0001.1.jpg
bd06a89034f10de98534a209e5afcddd
https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/files/original/1525/27333/SNewtonJL742570v10011-0002.1.jpg
c2276afb4879d8c02c1b6fe56c53560e
https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/files/original/1525/27333/SNewtonJL742570v10011-0003.1.jpg
ffaf42ec0898bedb07b9d9d2f759990a
https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/files/original/1525/27333/SNewtonJL742570v10011-0004.1.jpg
824c26097e3e6725e54ed327ddaeb664
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Newton, Jack Lamport
J L Newton
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
IBCC Digital Archive
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2016-07-15
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
Newton, JL
Description
An account of the resource
83 items. Collection concerns Flight Lieutenant Jack Newton (742570 Royal Air Force) who was a Sergeant air gunner on Wellington of 12 Squadron. His aircraft was landed on fire at a German occupied airfield in Antwerp in August 1941. He was the first airman to escape back to England via the Comète escape line. The rest of his crew were captured and made prisoners of war. The collection contains accounts of his escape, letters of research from Belgium helper, other official correspondence from the Red Cross and the Royal Air Force, photographs of places and people, newspaper cuttings propaganda leaflets and maps of airfield and escape route. In addition there is an interview with Jack Newton about his experiences in the wartime RAF.
The collection has been donated to the IBCC Digital Archive by Jackie Bradford and catalogued by Nigel Huckins.
Transcribed document
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading.
Transcription
Text transcribed from audio recording or document
[ French Newspaper]
LE COURRIER DE L’AIR
[Four pages written in French with black and white photographs]
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Le Courrier de l'air
Description
An account of the resource
Capitulation near Stalingrad of Field Marshall Von Paulus on 30 January 1943 and General Streicher on 2 February 1943. Defeated Sixth Army comprised 330,000 men. General Giraud, High Commissioner in North Africa, working closely with General De Gaulle, Great Britain and United States. Descriptions of progress in North Africa. Churchill meets President Inönü of Turkey, agreeing how Britain and United States could help provide material support.
René Massigli, French Ambassador, arrives in London and meets General De Gaulle and Anthony Eden. Admiral Doenitz replaces Admiral Raeder as Commander in Chief of Germany navy. Formerly Commander in Chief of the submarine fleet. Air operations on number of sites involved with submarines or their production (Copenhagen, Wilhelmshaven, Dusseldorf, Lorient and Hamburg). Huge cost to the Romanians of collaboration rather than resistance.
Goering’s speech in Berlin, marking Hitler’s 10th anniversary, delayed by over an hour due to Mosquito air strike. Russian advancement against armies south of Rostov and Donetz’s armies. RAF’s operations listed for January 1943.
Diary of merchant navy officer: 35 days spent with 14 of his men in lifeboat after torpedo attack. Defence of shipping routes by RAF and Royal Navy. American, British and French actions following Casablanca conference.
Delivered by the Royal Air Force
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1943-02-04
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Four page newspaper with b/w photographs
Language
A language of the resource
fra
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
SNewtonJL742570v10011
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Civilian
Royal Air Force
Royal Air Force. Bomber Command
Wehrmacht. Kriegsmarine
Temporal Coverage
Temporal characteristics of the resource.
1943-01
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
IBCC Digital Archive
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
France
Germany
Russia (Federation)
North Africa
Romania
Denmark--Copenhagen
France--Lorient
Germany--Düsseldorf
Germany--Hamburg
Germany--Wilhelmshaven
Russia (Federation)--Volgograd
Denmark
Germany--Ruhr (Region)
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Peter Bradbury
Sally Coulter
bombing
Goering, Hermann (1893-1946)
Hitler, Adolf (1889-1945)
Mosquito
propaganda
submarine
-
https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/files/original/1369/23130/PThomasAF20060009.1.jpg
e459023dc652a99bad99bb268699fb7c
https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/files/original/1369/23130/PThomasAF20060010.2.jpg
f3b6adffe40b7d52aef9bc0a81479b8a
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Thomas, Arthur Froude. Album 5
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
IBCC Digital Archive
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2020-02-11
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
Thomas, AF
Description
An account of the resource
52 Items. An album containing photographs of German military aircraft.
Transcribed document
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading.
Transcription
Text transcribed from audio recording or document
[Photograph]
Arado AR 196
Reconnaissance Floatplane
[Photograph]
[Photograph]
[Page break]
[Photograph]
[Photograph]
Arado AR 196.
Originally designed to use one float with a balancing float under each wing. Later marks however were built with two stabilising floats. The AR 196 resulted from a 1936 requirement for a reconnaissance floatplae [sic] that could be catapulted from the larger German warships, & was selected in preference to the rival Focke-Wulf FW 62 biplane. Total production of the AR196 was 546, including comparatively small numbers built in France by SNCA & in the Netherlands by Fokker. These aircraft equipped 10 shore based squadrons as well as Germany’s larger warships right up to the end of the Second World War. The type operated in areas as widely separated as the Black Sea & the Bay of Biscay.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Arado 196
Description
An account of the resource
Photo 1, 2 and 3 are an AR196 on a ship's launch ramp. Its primary role was maritime reconnaissance.
Photo 4 is a port side view of an AR196 flying over the coast.
Photo 5 is an AR196 on a trolley outside a hangar.
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Five b/w photographs on an album page
Language
A language of the resource
eng
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Photograph
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
PThomasAF20060009,
PThomasAF20060010
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Wehrmacht. Luftwaffe
Wehrmacht. Kriegsmarine
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
IBCC Digital Archive
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
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Anne-Marie Watson
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https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/files/original/1365/22925/PThomasAF20010040.2.jpg
f7af7da6bb70260304d4f6f9f231b5cf
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Title
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Thomas, Arthur Froude. Album 1
Description
An account of the resource
An album containing 50 pages of photographs of Arthur Froude's family and his pre war career and service as a flight engineer with 90 Squadron. The album also contains family photographs dating from 1900.
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IBCC Digital Archive
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This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
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Thomas, AF
Transcribed document
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[Photograph]
[Photograph]
The wreck of the Graf Spee. After a very fierce engagement with H.M.S. Exeter, Ajax & Achilles. Graf Spee put into Montevideo Harbour where she scuttled herself thinking a large British Squadron was over the horizon waiting for her to come out. Although the British Ships were heavily outgunned they inflicted substantial damage on the Graf Spee.
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Title
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Graf Spee
Description
An account of the resource
Photos 1 and 2 are the same, they depict the wreck of the Graf Spee in Montevideo harbour.
Format
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Two b/w photographs an album page
Language
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eng
Type
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Photograph
Identifier
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PThomasAF20010040
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Wehrmacht. Kriegsmarine
Royal Navy
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
Uruguay
Uruguay--Montevideo
Publisher
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IBCC Digital Archive
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This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
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David Bloomfield
Anne-Marie Watson
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Workflow A completed
-
https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/files/original/1339/22070/SValentineJRM1251404v10087.2.jpg
cad0ed9102aee5dd96d3c4f661622e20
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Title
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Valentine, John. Ursula Valentine's newspaper cutting scrapbook
Description
An account of the resource
131 items contained in a scrapbook. Mainly newspaper cuttings of events from May 1942 to 1945.
Transcribed document
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Transcription
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WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 8, 1943
CHURCHILL – ROOSEVELT – [inserted above] INONU [/inserted above] TALKS: ‘CLOSEST UNITY’
General Smuts joins Premier and President in new Cairo Conference
Mr. Churchill, President Roosevelt and President Inonu of Turkey have concluded in Cairo a three-day conference at which they discussed the general political situation and the policy to be followed.
The Turkish President, said the communique issued last night, went to Cairo on the invitation of the British, U.S. and Soviet Governments.
Although the third of the great Middle East conferences has now ended, talks continue in Cairo. Gen. Smuts has now arrived from London on his way to South Africa and has conferred with Mr. Roosevelt and Mr. Churchill.
SCHARNHORST SUNK IN ARCTIC BATTLE
ATTACK BY HOME FLEET GUARD[missing letter]NG RUSSIAN CONVOY
LONG FIGHT OFF NORTH CAPE
THE Scharnhorst has been sunk by British warships of[missing letters] Norwegian coast. This news was given in an Admiralty anno[missing letters]ment, issued late on Sunday night, which stated:-
This afternoon (December 26) the German battleship Scharn[missing letters] was brought to action by units of the Home Fleet, under the comm[missing letters] of Admiral Sir Bruce Fraser, K.C.B., K.B.E., which were cove[missing letters] a North Russian convoy.
Scharnhorst was sunk this evening off the North Cape.
DECEMBER 28 1943
Dublin Core
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Title
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Churchill Roosevelt talks: closest unity and Scharnhorst sunk in arctic battle
Description
An account of the resource
Article 1 headlines: Churchill-Roosevelt-talks, closest unity, General Smuts joins premier and president in news Cairo conference. Article 2 headlines; Scharnhorst sunk in arctic battle, attack by home fleet guarding Russian convoy, long fight off north cape.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1943-12-08
1943-12-28
Format
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Two newspaper cuttings mounted on a scrapbook page
Language
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eng
Type
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Text
Identifier
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SValentineJRM1251404v10087
Coverage
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Royal Navy
Wehrmacht. Kriegsmarine
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
Egypt
Egypt--Cairo
Norway
Norway--North Cape Region
North Africa
Temporal Coverage
Temporal characteristics of the resource.
1943-12
Publisher
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IBCC Digital Archive
Rights
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This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
Contributor
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David Bloomfield
Steve Baldwin
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Workflow A completed
Churchill, Winston (1874-1965)
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano (1882-1945)
Scharnhorst
-
https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/files/original/1339/20873/SValentineJRM1251404v10013.1.jpg
dd497fcdee9002ed4b20dff039fdd7dc
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
Valentine, John. Ursula Valentine's newspaper cutting scrapbook
Description
An account of the resource
131 items contained in a scrapbook. Mainly newspaper cuttings of events from May 1942 to 1945.
Transcribed document
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading.
Transcription
Text transcribed from audio recording or document
THE TIMES MONDAY AUGUST 3 1942
ENEMY FIASCO IN CHANNEL
SHIPS FIGHT EACH OTHER
A naval action in the Channel during which German torpedo boats and E-boats fought each other while German shore batteries fired on their own forces was described in an Admiralty statement last night. This said:-
A spirited and highly successful action took place in the English Channel on Saturday night between German forces and a patrol of our light coastal craft under the command of Lieutenant-Commander R.P. Hichens, D.S.O., D.S.C., R.N.V.R., which resulted in the destruction of two E-boats and damage to other enemy units.
Our patrol was carrying out a sweep close off Cherbourg when it made contact with a force of four German E-boats shortly after midnight.
These were at once engaged. Two of them burst into flames and burnt from stem to stern, and the other two were damaged.
Two German torpedo boats of about 600 tons then came on the scene.
Our patrol scored hits on both these torpedo boats and then disengaged and lay off and watched an action which developed between the German torpedo boats and E-boats. To add to the confusion the German shore batteries opened fire on their own forces.
All our boats have returned to their base undamaged. There were only two slight casualties.
COMMANDER’S LEADERSHIP
Our Naval Correspondent writes:-
Lieutenant-Commander Hichens has shown special qualifications in this sort of warfare. He was awarded the D.S.C. for his services at the withdrawal from Dunkirk, and a Bar in February for coolness, skill, and readiness in a light craft action in which three German E-boats were sunk and others damaged. In March he was mentioned in dispatches for bravery and enterprise in action against the enemy, and in July – having in the meanwhile been promoted to lieutenant-commander – he was awarded the D.S.O. for determination and coolness in the protection of a convoy. He is now Senior Officer of a coastal flotilla.
ENEMY VERSION
The German High Command announced yesterday:- “On Friday night a British E-boat was sunk and another set on fire in an encounter between German patrol boats and British E-boats north of Zeebrugge. On Saturday night an encounter took place off the French coast between German patrol boats and British E-boats and gunboats. Two British E-boats were probably destroyed and hits were observed on other boats. The German forces suffered no damage.”
TIMES FRIDAY AUGUST 14 1942
[missing letter]OSS OF THE EAGLE
CREW’S ORDEAL IN FLOATING OIL
AN EYE-WITNESS’S ACCOUNT
Mr. Arthur Thorpe, the Exchange Telegraph Company’s war correspondent in the western Mediterranean, who was on board the Eagle, yesterday telegraphed from Gibraltar the following description of the sinking of the aircraft-carrier:-
I was in an ante-room with three officers when soon after 1 p.m. two tremendous crashes shook me out of my chair. I knew what that meant and leaped for the door.
As we opened it two more violent explosions rocked the ship. The hiss of steam filled the air, and I saw clouds of it pouring up from below into the broad after-deck across which we were running. As we dashed through the bulkhead door to gain the upper deck the ship was heeling over, and the water was washing about our feet. We scrambled up the ladder to the upper deck with the ship listing over terrifyingly to the port side, on which we were.
The sea, normally 10ft. below, was surging a bare 2ft. below the rails. We reached the quarter-deck, grabbing at any projection to haul ourselves up the steeply sloping deck to the starboard side, and, clutching the bulletproof casing enclosing the quarter-deck, I found myself next to a first lieutenant, who was blowing up his lifebelt. I followed suit.
Looking round I saw the deck slanting more sharply than a gabled roof. Six-inch shells, weighing 100lb., tore loose from their brackets and bumped down the deck. Ratings on the port side saw them coming, and flung themselves over the side to escape injury.
DOWN THE ROPE
Turning to Number One I put the quite unnecessary question:- “Is she going?” His answer was a nod. Several ratings who were hauling themselves up the casing clambered towards us; they made fast a stout rope and slithered down into the thick oil which was welling out from under the ship and coating the sea. With a confidence in my lifebelt which now amazed me, I slid down after them and let go.
I went under the water, and when I came to the surface I realized with horror that I had not properly inflated my lifebelt. My head was barely above the sea, as, with all the poor swimmer’s dread of deep water, I splashed and kicked clear of the ship. As I worked my way out of the oil patch the water was more broken, and every short wave washed clean over my head until I was dizzy. No wreckage to which I might cling was within reach, and I confess I gave myself up for lost. Then, as a wave bigger than its fellows lifted me up, I saw the glorious sight of a cork float net 20 yards away, with sailormen clinging around it.
I fought madly to reach that float. Three times my head went under, and then I saw the float net again, this time only a few feet away. I made a despairing snatch and missed, but with another wild clutch I felt my fingers lay hold.
Half a dozen ratings clinging to the net [missing words] to loosen one of the ropes and open [missing words] raft which was tied up in a round bu[missing letters] Their fingers, like mine, were coated with [missing word] and next to useless. The water was quite wa[missing letters] but my great anxiety was the difficulty of holding on with my oil-smothered hands. Then another rating swam up and caught hold. He told us his leg was broken, and we helped him to crawl into the centre of the bundle.
The waves were breaking over us, and I hauled myself up to look at the Eagle, 200 yards away. She was lying on her side and, down the great red expanse of her underside, men, swarming like ants against her great bulk, were sliding down into the sea. Then, suddenly, I felt a shock to the base of my spine. We knew it was a depth charge from a destroyer hunting the U-boat which had attacked us. Six or seven times this curious shock from below the waters shook us on the float net.
“SHE’S GOING!”
“She’s going!” one of my companions gasped, and there was a mighty rumbling as the sea poured hungrily into the stricken vessel, forcing the air out of her. Water threshed around and above her in a fury of white foam, and the subsided.
The Eagle was gone.
After a moment’s amazement at the sight we looked around hopefully, and cheered when we saw a destroyer only 100 yards away, and making for us. We were soon alongside, and ropes, nets, and cork lifebelts snaked down the destroyer’s side. Smiling faces from the destroyer encouraged us as my sailor companions seized the ropes and hauled themselves aboard. I clutched a trailing rope, but could get no grip with my oily hands until a rating already half-way up slipped down to me, and I used his legs to get a purchase.
Feeling battered and as weak as a kitten, I managed to slip the bight of a rope under my shoulders. Just then a wooden ladder clattered down the destroyer’s side, and I succeeded in dragging myself up and aboard with a helping pull on my shoulders, feeling half dead and looking as brown as a n***** from head to foot with fuel oil. The decks were crowded with survivors, and scores more were being pulled aboard.
We raided the bathroom and rid ourselves of the worst of the oil. The destroyer’s officers and crew were wonderful. They opened up their kits and their stores, and soon we were all equipped with dry clothing. Many of us were sick through having swallowed liberal quantities of oil, but tots of rum put queasy stomachs right, and soon we were laughing and joking at our quaint costumes. Some officers were dressed in long pants and vests, others wore football jerseys, grey flannels, and coloured shirts. Some had found shirts, but from the waist downwards were clad in towels draped around the waist.
“UP THE EAGLE’S!”
Our late ship’s war cry, “Up the Eagle’s!” rang out as Captain Mackintosh came alongside on a float net. He had held his command for a bare six weeks. Then I saw an unforgettable scene. Another ship drew alongside, her decks packed with men from the lost carrier. As officers and men in the destroyer recognized those aboard her there was a bedlam of glad cries of recognition and bantering cheers.
When I first saw the commander he was wearing his gold braided cap. He had to swim to the destroyers, but he knew that gold braid is irreplaceable and was determined to stick to his cap at all costs.
Another man on the port side of the flight deck had a leg broken by the blast of the explosion. Trailing his injured limb behind him he performed the amazing feat of climbing up the flight deck and sliding down a rope into the water. He then swam to the destroyer and was picked up.
All the men in “C” boiler room escaped. They swam through fuel oil to the hatches, scaled half a dozen ladders, and still had time to get clear and be picked up.
Later in the afternoon survivors were transferred to another destroyer, and in her, too, we found the ship’s company only too eager to do everything for us. It was here that we had the glad tidings that 929 officers and men had been saved.
Captain Mackintosh said to me how marvellously cool the officers and men behaved – “I saw no sign of panic in the last few minutes of the life of the ship.”
[symbol] Mr. Thorpe was also saved from the aircraft-carrier Ark Royal.
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Title
A name given to the resource
Two articles: enemy fiasco in Channel and Loss of the Eagle
Description
An account of the resource
First article: enemy fiasco in channel, ships fight each other. Describes action of British naval force where German ships and shore batteries ended up firing on each other. Covers Royal Navy commander's leadership and the enemy version. Second article: loss of Eagle, crews ordeal in floating oil, an eye witness account. Personal account by correspondent of sinking of aircraft carrier Eagle in the western Mediterranean.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
The Times
IBCC Digital Archive
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1942-08-03
1942-08-14
Format
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Two newspaper cutting mounted on a scrapbook page
Language
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eng
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
SValentineJRM1251404v10013
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Royal Navy
Wehrmacht. Kriegsmarine
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
France
France--Cherbourg
Gibraltar
Atlantic Ocean--English Channel
Temporal Coverage
Temporal characteristics of the resource.
1942-08
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
Contributor
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David Bloomfield
Steve Baldwin
Requires
A related resource that is required by the described resource to support its function, delivery, or coherence.
Workflow A completed
-
https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/files/original/1272/17683/SBrookerWH[Ser -DoB]v10004-0001.jpg
2ea3b3fa4f199cfbd23ee553ea664696
https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/files/original/1272/17683/SBrookerWH[Ser -DoB]v10004-0002.jpg
23619fbf4cf9c98e5fd75010357bb4cf
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Title
A name given to the resource
Brooker, William Harry
W H Brooker
Miller James
J Miller
Description
An account of the resource
11 items. The collection concerns brothers in law James Miller (b. 1919) and
William Harry Brooker (b.1920). It contains propaganda leaflets, two photographs, a NSDAP Car flag, documents and a memoir.
The collection has been donated to the IBCC Digital Archive by Ann Brookfield and catalogued by Barry Hunter.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
IBCC Digital Archive
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2018-04-02
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. Some items have not been published in order to protect the privacy of third parties, to comply with intellectual property regulations, or have been assessed as medium or low priority according to the IBCC Digital Archive collection policy and will therefore be published at a later stage. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal, https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/collection-policy.
Identifier
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Brooker, WH-Miller, J
Transcribed document
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading.
Transcription
Text transcribed from audio recording or document
Sie fuhren gegen Engelland
[photograph]
Sie leben für die Zukunft – wo blieben die Andern?
Sieben wurden gerettet
[photograph]
[page break]
Deutsche U-Bootmänner – auf was hofft Ihr noch?
Der Krieg ist für Deutschland verloren. Daran ist nichts mehr zu ändern. Der Dturz Mussolinis ist nu rein Zeichen, wie schwach Deutschland geworden ist. Im Juli konnte Hitler keine 10 frischen Divisionen auftreiben, um Italien zu verstärken. Im August muss er Italien an der ganzen Südfront von der französischen Riviera bis zu den griechischen Inseln ablösen. Das heist: er muss 60 italienische Divisionen ersetzen.
Wo sollen diese Truppen herkommen? Von der Ostfront? Wo die deutsche Sommeroffonsive zuswammengebrochen ist? Wo die Russen im Vormarsch sind – jetzt, im Sommer, nicht erst im Winter, wie bisher! Lest nur eure Heeresberichte: “Erbitterte Abwehrschlachten”; “wechselvolle Kämpfe”; “überwältigende feindliche Übermacht”. So klang es auch im letzten Winter – und im Sommer 1918.
1918 gab es noch keine viermotorigen Bomber. Heute wird ein deutsches Industriezentrum nach dem andern zerschlagen. In Engländer und Amerikaner aufhalten. Können die U-Boote in den kommenden Monaten – wenigen Monaten vielleicht nur noch – mehr ausrichten?
Ihr wisst selber, wie die Schlacht auf dem Atlantik steht. Die besten Kommandanten und Deckoffiziere sind tot. Der Nachwuchs wird übereilt hinausgeschickt, unerfahren und unzulänglich ausgebildet. Die Rudel sind zersprengt worden. Ihr seid nicht mehr die Jäger, ihr werdet gejagt. U-Boote werden schneller versenkt als gebaut.
Auch dein Boot kommt dran. Es ist nur eine Frage der Zeit.
Deutschland kämpft nur noch, um Zeit zu gewinnen. Lohnt es sich noch, Zeit zu gewinnen? Zeit für mehr blutige Schlachten in Russland, mehr verheerende Luftangriffe, mehr nutzlose Geleitzugschlachten? Was kann die Zeit bringen? Mehr Landungen in Europa. Mehr Schiffsraum für die Alliierten. Mehr Bomben auf Deutschland. Mehr Flieger über dem Atlantik.
Die Zeit kann die Niederlage Deutschlands.
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Title
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Deutsche U-Bootmanner - auf was hofft ihr noch
Description
An account of the resource
German U-boatmaker - what are you hoping for? Leaflet, in German with photographs of U-boat crew on a boat and another of a crew being led off a captured boat.
Format
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One double sided printed leaflet
Language
A language of the resource
deu
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
SBrookerWH[Ser#-DoB]v10004-0001,
SBrookerWH[Ser#-DoB]v10004-0002
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Wehrmacht. Kriegsmarine
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
IBCC Digital Archive
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Steve Baldwin
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Great Britain. Propaganda Warfare Executive
propaganda
submarine
-
https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/files/original/1272/17681/SBrookerWH[Ser -DoB]v10002-0001.jpg
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a72781561476b54bd3f0dda3ce5aca01
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Brooker, William Harry
W H Brooker
Miller James
J Miller
Description
An account of the resource
11 items. The collection concerns brothers in law James Miller (b. 1919) and
William Harry Brooker (b.1920). It contains propaganda leaflets, two photographs, a NSDAP Car flag, documents and a memoir.
The collection has been donated to the IBCC Digital Archive by Ann Brookfield and catalogued by Barry Hunter.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
IBCC Digital Archive
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2018-04-02
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. Some items have not been published in order to protect the privacy of third parties, to comply with intellectual property regulations, or have been assessed as medium or low priority according to the IBCC Digital Archive collection policy and will therefore be published at a later stage. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal, https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/collection-policy.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
Brooker, WH-Miller, J
Transcribed document
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading.
Transcription
Text transcribed from audio recording or document
FREIWILLIGE VOR
für die
U-BOOT-WARRE!
[picture]
WIR FAHREN
[picture]
GEGEN ENGLAND
[symbol]
ZIEHEN
[page break]
FREIWILLIGE VOR
für die
U-BOOT-WARRE!
KURZE DIENSTZEIT!
WIR FAHREN
HINAB…
[picture]
[symbol]
INS KÜHLE GRAB
[picture]
ZIEHEN
[page break]
Wer sind die Glückspilze der U-Bootwaffe?
?
Wie lange dauert die active Dienstzeit?
?
ZIEHEN
[page break]
Wer sind die Glückspilze der U-Bootwaffe?
Die 2000 U-Bootleute, die jetzt kriegsgefangen sind. Sie sind die glücklichen Überlebenden. Auf je zwei deutsche U-Bootleute, die von der englischen Flotte gerettet und gefangen genommen warden, treffen fünf, die untergehen.
Wie lange dauert die active Dienstzeit?
Lebensversicherungsgesellschaften in neutralen Ländern haben vor einem Jahr berechnet, dass die durchschnittliche Lebenserwartung eines deutschen U-Boot-Matrosen im active Dienst 62 Tage beträgt. Diese Zahl ist seitdem gesunken.
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ZIEHEN
Dublin Core
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Freiwillige vor für die u-boot-waffe
Description
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A card with text and an insert that is pulled down to reveal more text -
VOLUNTEERS FORWARD FOR THE U-BOAT SERVICE
(text visible at first)
We journey against England.
PULL
(text visible after pulling tab)
SHORT SERVICE
We journey down to a cool grave.
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One double sided card with pull down insert
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deu
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Text
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SBrookerWH[Ser#-DoB]v10002-0001,
SBrookerWH[Ser#-DoB]v10002-0002,
SBrookerWH[Ser#-DoB]v10002-0003,
SBrookerWH[Ser#-DoB]v10002-0004
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Wehrmacht. Kriegsmarine
Wehrmacht
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This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
Publisher
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IBCC Digital Archive
Contributor
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Steve Baldwin
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Great Britain. Propaganda Warfare Executive
propaganda
submarine
-
https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/files/original/547/11783/PWynneH1825.1.jpg
2695d69ffdc319eadc27dd83dd8e46ac
https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/files/original/547/11783/AWynneH-AtkinsonG180508.2.mp3
2f104dfd844ef6b76a21ae95d8ac858f
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Wynne, Helga
Description
An account of the resource
10 items. Includes family photographs and two oral history interviews with Helga Wynne (b. 1926) who reminisces her childhood in Kiel, the death of her future fiancé when the train he was travelling on was bombed, and her coming over to Great Britain in 1948.
The collection has been loaned to the IBCC Digital Archive for digitisation by Helga Wynne and catalogued by Barry Hunter.
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IBCC Digital Archive
Date
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2018-08-02
Rights
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This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
Identifier
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Wynne, H
Transcribed audio recording
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Transcription
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HH: This is Heather Hughes for the International Bomber Command Centre Digital Archive and I am in [ buzz] Flixborough with Helga Wynne and Gordon Atkinson, and it is the 8th of May 2018. Did I get all of that right? I think so.
HW: Yeah.
HH: Helga, thank you so much for agreeing to tell your story to us.
HW: Yeah. You’re welcome.
HH: Because I think it’s a remarkable story. So, if we could start with your very very early life. Would you like to tell us where you were born and when and something about your family?
HW: Yeah. I was born on the 10 7 ‘26 in Germany. In Kiel, and we lived right in centre in town. We lived about four or five years and then my father went to outskirts from Kiel and built a house. So that is where my life really began. In there. So —
HH: So, was your dad, what was, what profession was your dad?
HW: So my, my father in his younger days he was a sailor and he joined when he was fourteen years of age.
GA: On sailing ships that, wasn’t it?
HW: On the, yeah.
HH: On sailing ships.
HW: Yeah. And he never went back. That was in Danzig. It, it called —
HH: Gdansk.
GA: Gdansk.
HW: Gdansk. Yeah. In Poland.
HH: In Poland. Now. Nowadays Poland. Yes.
HW: But when he was born it belonged to Germany so that made him a German. So after that he got married and like I said already he built his own house. There were twelve children of us. Nine girls and three boys and I’m the ninth in the line.
HH: And in terms of the three girls, the boys and the girls where are you in the whole —
HW: Yeah. That was a big house what he built.
HH: And, and were you the youngest altogether?
GA: No. You were number nine didn’t you say?
HH: Or just the youngest girl?
HW: I more or less was one of the youngest one.
HH: Ok.
HW: The fourth youngest. Yeah.
HH: Ok.
HW: And of course, I had no brothers in the war because one brother who was deaf and dumb so they didn’t take him, and the other two were too young so, but I had all brother in laws in the war and several of them of course they got killed. And one day in my younger day I was in the kitchen with my mother and all of a sudden the door ripped open and the Nazis came in. So, we were frightened to death. We wondered what it was all about and they wanted to see my father. And so, my mother said, ‘Alright. He’s out.’ He was a shipbuilder. Told them where he was and they went and fetched him. So, they came back and he had to show the certificate that he was born in, in Danzig. What they called Gdansk but when he was born it belonged to Germany so that made him German so they were satisfied. They saluted and went out and took my father back. But I must say when first Hitler came in we were very poor. You know, at that time my father was out of work at that time but they looked after us. They brought us food. They brought us coal. And that’s how he got that job. So, he had his good points even if he had his bad ones. So, of course when I was fourteen I had to start working and I went on the farm. And all, all young girls before they started profession they had to go on the farm or they had to go and live with a family to see what life is all about, what they’re going to do when they get older and I chose to go on the farm.
HH: Was that, was that a long way from where you lived, Helga?
HW: Yeah. Yeah. That’s right. Yeah. And of course, I had a bad accident there. I was, we were going to feed the cows and it was a loft and go in the loft to get the straw down for the cows and while I was running over it I, it, I walked over a bale of straw and that covered the, the loft like and I didn’t know. Of course, I fell through, landed on my back and if it wasn’t for the bale of straw I could have been dead but that actually saved my life in a way so —
HH: So, did you land on a bale of straw?
HW: Yeah. Yeah. But I still damaged my spine and that.
HH: And did you have medical attention?
HW: Yeah. And I was in hospital for a few weeks and I was in a plastic jacket for six months. Of course, when I got over all this problem I started, I went to, went to Kiel, in town to a Children’s Hospital as a student. And of course, one day we had a what do you call it — ?
GA: Air raid do you mean?
HW: Yeah. Air raid. Yeah.
GA: You’re jumping forward now.
HW: And we were all sheltering in a cellar. Well, it wasn’t really a cellar. It was halfway above the ground and halfway under but the Children’s Hospital, they all had children in there under the age of fifteen. And they all more or less scarlet fever, measles and things like that. It was a private hospital.
HH: And that was in Kiel.
HW: Yeah. That was in Kiel. And —
HH: Ok. So, when did you start working in the hospital? Was it before the war?
HW: During the war.
HH: So, you started work there —
HW: Yeah.
HH: During the war.
HW: Yeah. Yeah. That’s right. Yeah, and of course they first they throw phosphor bombs like. All the building was on fire and I was on fire duty like but they wouldn’t let me go up to do anything because we knew the next lot of bombers was coming in with the heavy bombs. So, anyhow, we got all set looking after the children, the bombs dropped in and I got buried. So, luckily in the next room there was two students and they managed to got me out.
HH: They managed to get you out.
HW: Yeah. But next to me was one of the doctors and they couldn’t get her out.
HH: They didn’t make it.
HW: No. The burning steps came on falling. Falling on her. Anyhow, after when I got all over that I met —
HH: Now, when you say when I you got all over that did that take you a while to recover?
HW: Well, it did. Yeah. Yeah. I’ve been —
HH: So were you, did you have —
HW: Off sick and that. Yeah. Yeah.
HH: You were. Ok. Yeah.
HW: And then I met my late fiancé.
GA: That’s jumping quite a bit.
HW: Yeah. And —
GA: After the, after the —
HW: Yeah —
GA: Bullets had stopped flying when she met Harold. You know what I mean? It’d be after 1945.
HH: Yeah.
GA: Yeah.
HH: But, but you first, you, you had met somebody who was in the German Navy.
GA: Yeah.
HH: Is that right?
GA: You missed that out.
HW: Yeah.
GA: You missed that.
HW: Ok.
GA: Going to Westphalia.
HH: So, tell me about your fiancé.
HW: This is what I get to now. I met him and he was, he was on the ship called Prinz Eugen and it got bombed badly so all his mates got legs and arms off and he said that was too terrible to see so he decide to go to a submarine. He said, ‘I’ll either be killed or be alive.’ So, this is what happened.
HH: How did you meet him, Helga?
HW: He was in Kiel. In, in his—
GA: Kiel was a Naval base.
HW: Yeah. A Navy base. Yeah.
GA: They met —
HW: Training younger sailors like. Anyhow, I got, after a time I was three months pregnant so we decide to get married but it was very difficult, the war being still very heavy. So I went to Westphalia, near the Dutch border to his parents and that’s when we was going to get married. He came on a short leave, only for two days to get married and go back but while we were on the train together it got attacked by a plane during the night. I think it was American plane. Just one among and it fired machine guns.
HH: At the train.
HW: Yeah. And of course, we stood so close together how I didn’t get hit I don’t know. It just ripped my coat and the bullet went into him and killed him. So, two days later we should have been married but it didn’t come off. And anyhow —
HH: Yeah. That must have been really difficult for you.
HW: It was very very hard. Yeah.
HH: How did you cope?
HW: You do when you’re young don’t you? And you know you had to. Life goes on, doesn’t it?
GA: Did you, you stayed with his mother in law at that time, did you? Just after that tragedy.
HW: Did what?
HH: Did you carry —
GA: Did you stay with, with your mother in law?
HW: Yeah
HH: Did you carry on staying with his parents?
HW: Yeah. I had to because the war was really, they was all coming in in Holland and that and, in fact they came in Holland and then on the Rhine and that was near the Rhine where his parents lived. Of course, he got, he got buried there where his parents is because that’s where he got died. And the war finished there in March. Well, it was still going on in Kiel so I couldn’t get back home. So, I went back after the, you know everything was settled in June. I came back. Of course, I had a baby by then and no father to look after it. So, but his parents were quite well off. So —
HH: And did they, did they, did they look after you and the baby?
HW: Yeah. And he’s still there. We’re in touch. He keeps coming to see us. He’s married over there like.
HH: And what’s his name?
HW: Willy, after his father.
HH: His father’s name was Willy as well, was it?
HW: Yeah. Wilhelm. Yeah.
HH: Yeah.
HW: And I’ve, one of my brother in laws he was on the Scharnhorst so he, he got killed of course.
HH: Yeah.
HW: And another one he was only six weeks on the mine sweeper and they run on the mine and he got killed. And another brother in law he was in Hamburg visiting like, my sister and the bombing was going on and he got buried somewhere but nobody ever found him.
HH: So, that must have been just terrible for, that your, for —
HW: Yeah.
HH: For the parents —
HW: Yeah.
HH: Who lost all of those sons.
HW: Yeah. Yeah. Well, you see, they are brother in laws but not my own —
HH: Yeah.
HW: Brothers you see.
HH: Yeah. Yeah.
HW: And then my other one —
HH: How did your parents cope with that?
HW: They, they never spoke about that.
HH: They just didn’t speak about it.
HW: No. No.
HH: They probably just couldn’t.
HW: No. This is it. Yeah.
GA: Did your, did your mother drove a tram didn’t she? Didn’t your mother drive a tram?
HW: Yeah. My —
HH: During the war your mum —
HW: Yeah. She was a tram driver in Hamburg.
GA: Was your, was your younger sister set in the foot —
HW: Yeah.
GA: The footwell of the tram.
HW: She had one of my younger sister. She was only a year old. She used to sit her in a corner while she was driving a tram. Of course, it wouldn’t be allowed today.
HH: No. But what else could you do then?
HW: Yeah. That’s true. Yeah. You see. To earn a living, isn’t it? You have to help.
HH: Gosh.
GA: Your father was working in the Krupps ship building yards.
HW: Yeah. Of course, that all got bombed badly and so on but —
HH: Did your father survive?
HW: Oh yeah. My parents survived the war because, but he died I think a few years after the war from cancer like and my mother lived twenty years after that on, on her own.
HH: Gosh.
HW: Of course, she sold the house then and went to finish within a home like.
HW: When I met my late husband that was in 1947.
HH: And where was that?
HW: And that, he was a paramedic in Kiel. And we’d been out to a dance and that’s how we met. It was a few months later we got engaged. And then 1948 he brought me over to England and we got married and I think I was one of the first girls in Scunthorpe who got married to an Englishmen because crowds of people come to watch us.
HH: Gosh.
HW: Because I was German, you see. Yeah.
GA: That was at Burton Church, wasn’t it?
HW: Yeah.
HH: And that was at Burton Church.
HW: I got married in the Burton Church and the buses even stopped and looked and took photographs and it was —
HH: So, it was quite a celebrity wedding.
HW: It must have been. Yeah. And I couldn’t figure why but I realised later that I was more or less one of the first one in Scunthorpe who got married to an Englishman.
HH: Gosh.
HW: Anyhow, we got, I got three sons.
HH: You had three sons together.
HW: With Harold. Yeah.
HW: And of course, he, he died in 2000. He had cancer. I nursed him in bed for nine weeks. It was hard but I looked after him ‘til he died.
HH: And how did you find, how was it from your point of view as a German woman coming to live in, in Britain at that time?
HW: Well, when you’re young and in love you don’t see anything different. You’re just happy. I’ve never really been homesick. I’ve been very happy. I had a happy marriage.
HH: But you were made welcome, were you?
HW: Yes. His parents, yeah made me very very welcome. I couldn’t have been looked after any better. They thought the world of me.
HH: And where did they live? Your parents in law.
HW: They lived at Thealby. Not far from here.
GA: About three, four miles, you know?
HW: Yeah. Yeah. They really replaced my own parents. They did. Yeah. Because they never had any girls I was the only girl in the family so of course I would be welcome.
GA: They met your mum and dad, didn’t they? Did Harold’s dad, didn’t, did Harold’s mother or was it just his dad, yeah his dad went to Germany?
HW: Yeah.
HH: Did the families meet?
GA: Yes.
HW: Yes. Yes. I, we went to Germany. Twice we took parent in laws with us and my father in law enjoyed it so much he went on his own with a friend and stayed with my sister.
HH: Fantastic.
HW: And really enjoyed it. Yes.
HH: Brilliant.
HW: Of course, we went nearly every other year with the children like. So —
HH: To keep in touch with your family.
HW: Yeah. Yeah. So, they were in touch. And then with my late, with my eldest son of course they met him and they’ve been over here quite a few times.
HH: Have they?
HW: Yeah. And they still come. Yeah. They are coming again next month.
HH: Lovely.
HW: Yeah. And of course, then a year and a half ago I broke my leg.
HH: Oh.
HW: And of course, it put me back a bit in the wheelchair like. And Gordon looks after me like with doing our best what we can. Several, I broke my ankle. Got a pin in it. I broke my arm while I’ve been here. I broke my big toe. So, I’ve had quite a few breaks, haven’t I? Yeah. I had my eyes done. Cataracts. And now they’ve found out that I’ve got what do you call them? Floaters.
HH: Oh, those are horrible.
HW: Yeah.
HH: I’ve had those.
GA: Yeah.
HW: And they won’t operate because they said after they do it it wouldn’t do any good.
HH: No.
HW: So therefore —
HH: You just have to wait.
HW: Yeah. I’m gradually going blind now. Yeah. Because it’s really getting bad.
HH: Well, you know what my mother says? Old age is not for the faint hearted.
GA: It is. Indeed, it’s not.
HW: That’s right. And I have to use my magnifying glass for everything now.
HH: Yeah.
HW: But I —
HH: Tell me a little bit about your life between 1948. I mean your husband worked where?
HW: Yeah.
HH: Harold.
HW: He worked, he worked at the steelworks.
HH: In Scunthorpe.
HW: Yeah.
HW: He was, in the army he was in the medic.
GA: A medic. The Royal Medical Corps.
HH: So, so did —
HW: Yeah —
HH: Did he, he was demobbed was he?
GA: Yeah.
HW: Yeah. He was demobbed and then he sent for me.
GA: It was basically National Service he did, wasn’t it?
HW: Yeah.
HH: Oh, National Service.
HW: Just for two years.
HH: Ok.
GA: Just after the war you see.
HH: Just after the war.
GA: ‘47 48.
HH: Right.
GA: Something like that.
HW: And course —
HH: So, then he, he finished his National Service.
HW: Yeah.
HH: And then, and then went to work. Met —
HW: Yeah.
HH: Met you, married, you got married and then he was in the steel works.
HW: He was in the medic in the, in the Army like. He could, he could have carried on because they wanted him in Scunthorpe but the wages I’m afraid wasn’t very good.
HH: No.
HW: And the steelworks it was better.
HH: Much better.
HW: So he went to the steelworks.
HH: And you?
HW: As a smelter.
HH: What did you do when he was away at the steel mill? Looking after children?
HW: Yeah. This is, well I was only here a year when we had the eldest son like.
HH: And that was, what year was your oldest son born?
HW: We got married ’48. He was born —
HH: ’49.
HW: ’50. Yeah.
HH: Oh, ’50.
HW: No.
HH: ’50.
HW: ’50, yeah. Yeah.
HH: And the other ones? What years were they born?
HW: Two years later. Well, I’m afraid I lost him six months ago. He passed.
GA: 12th of August last year, wasn’t it? When he died.
HW: Yeah. He passed away. He had lung cancer and, yeah, I’m afraid.
HH: And that was the middle son.
HW: Yeah. That was the middle one.
HH: And then the youngest one?
HW: The eldest one lives in Wales.
HH: In Wales.
HW: Yeah. I’m afraid it isn’t very good news there because he’s got cancer in his throat.
HH: Whereabouts in Wales do they live?
GA: Near Swansea.
HH: Ok. South Wales.
GA: South Wales.
HW: Yeah.
HH: So it’s quite a long way away.
HW: Yeah. Yeah.
GA: Oh, a long way. Yeah.
HW: It is. Yeah. Well, he came about two weeks ago.
GA: Yeah.
HW: Didn’t he? They keep coming up like but of course it’s a long way. I mean he’s got three children and they’ve all got family. So I’m a great grandmother to six others.
HH: Six. Six times a great granny.
GA: Yeah.
HH: That’s wonderful.
HW: Yeah. Three. Three times grandmother.
HH: That’s wonderful.
HW: Yeah.
HH: So, you, you have a very large family.
HW: Yeah. Oh, yes and they come regularly to see us. Yes. Yes.
HH: That’s great.
HW: It is. Yeah.
HH: Yeah. Yeah.
HW: But they all live apart. Nobody near us like. They live in Goole and oh one lives in [unclear] doesn’t he?
GA: Yeah.
HW: The other one in Hull.
GA: Katie. She’s in Hull.
HW: Yeah.
HH: Yeah. That’s, that’s, that’s families today.
GA: Yeah. Yeah.
HW: Yeah.
HH: I mean it is remarkable I think that you have been so settled here for so long in the same house.
HW: Yeah.
GA: To work.
HH: Sixty seven years.
GA: Ever since you’ve been here you’ve always worked on the farm doing the potato picking and —
HW: I always worked on the farm.
HH: So, you went back to farm work which is how you started.
HW: Yeah. Yeah.
GA: Yeah.
HW: Yeah. In, whatever children went to school I went on the farm to work. I used to drive the tractor.
HH: Fantastic.
GA: Every farm had a team of ladies out of the village that did the potato riddling. Picking —
HH: Amazing.
GA: Sugar beet and things like that.
HW: Yeah.
GA: And that’s what you —
HH: That’s quite hard work.
GA: Oh yeah.
HW: Yeah. But I was tractor driving so it was easier. And I even saved a little boy’s life.
HH: How come?
HW: Well, they had a swimming pool there on the, on the farm like and while I was coming —
GA: It was —
HW: Back with the tractor these little kiddies come running and said one of the boys fell in water. So of course, I jumped off the tractor and run straight to the pond and there was a big sheet over the top and I said he couldn’t be in there but then we ripped the sheet off. The foreman and I ripped it off and luckily right in front of me he come up and he was all blue and that. Unconscious.
HH: Well, that’s where your nursing experience —
HW: Yeah.
HH: Would have been really helpful.
HW: Yeah. It did. I gave him the kiss of life and brought him around. We wrapped him up in blankets and somebody rang ambulance up. Of course, I had to get home and get changed because I was soaking.
HH: Wet.
HW: Yeah. Yeah. That was something. Anyhow, a few years later I met the mother and I asked how the little boy was going on. She said he was going on fine but he had a lot of ear complaint.
HH: Oh.
HW: Yes.
HH: Yeah. But he was alive and well.
HW: But he was alive. Yeah.
HH: Yeah.
HW: Yes.
HH: Yeah.
HW: Yes. It was at the time the front page, wasn’t it?
GA: I think it was. Yeah.
HW: Yeah.
GA: Yeah.
HW: Yeah. The foreman —
HH: So, when did you stop working on tractors then Helga?
HW: I was, I was nearly seventy when I still went potato picking, wasn’t I?
GA: You used to help me. Yeah.
HW: Not picking but on the machines sorting them. I was nearly seventy and I was still on the farm helping. I enjoyed it. It was outing, plus extra pocket money as well.
HH: Yeah.
HW: Yeah.
HH: Yeah. You’ve had a very eventful life.
HW: Yeah. I presume I had.
HH: Yeah.
HW: But I enjoyed it whatever.
HH: And do you still keep in touch? Have you got any of your siblings still alive?
HW: I’m afraid all my sisters and brothers all died. I’m the only one left.
HH: Oh, so you’re the last one.
HW: Yeah. One went —
HH: Gosh.
HW: One went to Australia. That’s the youngest one and the others all stayed in Germany. One was married to a Greek but she came back to Kiel with her husband and family. But they’ve all passed away I’m afraid.
HH: Gosh.
HW: So, I’m the only one left.
HH: Well, that’s remarkable.
GA: You’ve one or two nieces and nephews that you still —
HW: I’ve got quite a lot of few nephews and nieces.
HH: And you still, you still keep in touch with them.
HW: One or —
GA: One or two of them anyway. Yeah.
HW: One or two.
GA: Yeah.
HW: Because there’s so many I could not keep up writing to them all.
HH: Yeah. Yeah.
HW: Yeah.
HH: Yeah. Yeah.
HW: And if you’re on telephone it becomes quite expensive, doesn’t it? To ring them.
HH: Indeed it does. Especially because you’ve got your own large family too.
HW: Yeah. Well, this is it. Yeah.
HH: Yeah.
HW: Yeah. I’ve got my own family over here so they come first.
HH: Yeah. Yeah. Do they know your stories? Does your family know your stories? All these stories?
GA: Yeah.
HW: Well, they would do, wouldn’t they? Yeah.
GA: Yeah.
HW: But —
HH: So you’ve talked to them about your life.
HW: Yeah.
GA: Briefly.
HW: Yeah.
GA: Given them bits and pieces over the years.
HW: Yeah.
HH: Yeah.
HW: That’s it. Yes.
HH: Yeah. It is a remarkable life.
HW: I did. Yeah.
HH: Yeah.
HW: But it’s like I said I enjoyed the good so you had to take it bad if it comes
HH: Yeah. But you lived through some very difficult times in the world.
HW: Yeah. Well, that was during the war that was hard. When, when I met my late husband we were actually nearly starving because that week I met him we was a whole week never had nothing to eat at all. And I went to see him where he was in the hospital like and I just collapsed so —
HH: Because of hunger.
HW: They said, yeah, he said, he went to his mates and said, ‘I don’t know what’s the matter with the girl. She collapsed.’ So, he said, ‘I’ll tell you what’s the matter. They’re starving.’ ‘No. No. No. She would have told me.’ He said, ‘They wouldn’t,’ he says, ‘They’re too proud.’ So of course, he got one of the cooks to give me some dinner.
HH: And that helped.
HW: And, yeah it did. Yeah. And after that he did Black Market with cigarettes and soap and different things.
HH: To get food for you and your family.
HW: Yeah, because I lived with my sister. She lost her husband and she had three little children so we were all in the same boat. So, he looked, brought food for them as well which is —
HH: Yeah.
HW: Was very very nice.
HH: So, what, what did you think of, what did you think of Britain when you first arrived?
HW: I couldn’t find much different really. No. Because I mean people had their own houses and garden the same like they have in Germany.
HH: Could you already speak English?
HW: Not a lot. No. Harold, he spoke very good English and I learned, I learned it rather quickly because you’ve got to.
HH: So, did he speak German?
HW: He spoke German. Yes. Yes, and —
HH: So, that’s how you communicated.
HW: Yeah. Because I lived with mother in law and it was hard sometimes. She used to say, ‘Set table.’ Told me fetch some plates. Of course, I brought no end of things in. ‘No. No. Plate.’ You know. Eventually you got to —
GA: She taught you English money didn’t she and how to shop? Sent you into the shop.
HW: Yeah.
GA: And stood back, you know. Didn’t she?
HW: She, I had to go shopping on my own like. And when I couldn’t tell them what I wanted I used to point. And I wanted some cotton in the market once and I knew how much it was because I quickly learned about the English money. I thought well I have to learn that quick. Of course, when I got my cotton that lady gave me short change. So, I come out and I said to mother in law, ‘This is not right,’ I said, ‘I should have —' so and so. So, the following week the same happened again. So, mother in law told, told that lady then so she said why didn’t she tell me? And the same when we went in, in one of the shops, in the chemist, I wanted something and I said to mother in law, ‘What do I say?’ And she told me in English what I had to say. Of course, I went in and could I have so and so. And they all looked and said, ‘What did you say?’ So, they made me repeat it again. Of course, I changed my tune and they still didn’t understand so I had to repeat it again. So, I came out and told mother in law. I said, ‘They don’t understand what I said.’ So, she said, ‘What did you say?’ So I told her. Well, she said, ‘They should have understood that. Come on I’ll go in with you.’ So, she went in with me and explained. Why? They said, ‘Oh, she had such a lovely accent we liked to hear it.’
HH: So, they were just making you say it over and over again.
HW: Yeah. Anyhow, I didn’t mind after that but I thought at first well shall I ever learn the language?
HH: Yeah.
HW: But —
HH: Do you ever get the chance to speak German now?
HW: Yes. Yeah. When they ring up from Germany of course I speak English and at odd times, the odd word you forget but it, naturally it comes back. Your mother language always comes back, doesn’t it?
HH: I think so.
HW: Yeah.
HH: Yeah.
HW: Same when I write a letter. You know, I can write without any problem.
HH: Yeah. It’s amazing. Yeah. And Gordon now you’ve got an interesting connection with that part of the war as well with your uncle.
GA: Yeah.
HW: Was it an uncle? So tell us about your —
GA: My mum’s —
HW: Tell us about your —
GA: My mum’s cousin it was.
HW: Oh, it was your mum’s cousin.
GA: Cousin’s sons it would be. Yeah.
HH: So, tell us a little bit about that.
GA: Well, it was I think about 1913 or so that my mother’s cousins sold up in Scunthorpe, Ashby and lived with my mother’s parents and such like for a, and such a time and they sailed from Liverpool, I think it was Liverpool on the Empress of Ireland and emigrated to Canada. And this was only sort of a year or two years after the Titanic disaster and it was six months before they got to find out for definite but the Empress of Ireland sank in the Gulf of St Lawrence and, but it turned out that my mother’s cousin had landed in Canada. I don’t know whether it was Toronto, Quebec or where it was but, and the Empress of Ireland had smashed in to a coal ship in the Gulf of St Lawrence and sunk with about hundreds of lives on it. But it was six months before they found out and that was the start of these three lads that came over during the war you see. Because I think Leslie who died in the air crash would be twenty four when, when he died so that would have put him, you know born you know, I haven’t work out the exact numbers out but you know, 19 —
HH: Yeah.
GA: ’15, something like that wouldn’t they? And there was Leslie, Hughie and Frank. Two came as soldiers in the Canadian forces and Hughie was in the Canadian Air Force.
HH: Air Force.
GA: And —
HH: And he was at Linton on Ouse.
GA: Linton on Ouse where he flew from. Yeah. I’ve got, I’ve written off to Cranwell to get his full record but it’ll be another few weeks before we, we receive those, I think but —
HH: So, you learned all of this from your visit to the IBCC. You didn’t know.
GA: I knew. I knew, my mother knew he’d flown from, she thought it was an airfield somewhere near Newcastle.
HH: Yeah.
GA: You know.
HH: North.
GA: Because all this east coast is, is just littered —
HH: Yeah.
GA: With bomber airfields, isn’t it? If you know what I mean. And to the best of her knowledge he’d flown out there. She didn’t know whether it was a Lancaster or, it turned out it was a Halifax. And I still haven’t found out what he was but we thought he was a rear gunner but we don’t know for certain. We’ll probably get that clarified when we get the Cranwell details back but, and presumed lost in the North Sea and that’s all she ever knew. And she said, ‘I would like to know where he —’ you know. And I’ve never been able to find out or ever gone in to such detail. And then when we went to this Canwick Hill, you know, the bomber thing there the lady helped us there find it on the computer and we saw it on the thing.
HH: On the wall.
GA: On the wall and everything and got more detail and then got all that detail printed off.
HH: That’s great. So, his name was Arthur Leslie Horton.
GA: Arthur Leslie Horton. Yeah. And he was in the Thunderbird Squadron I think, wasn’t he? At Linton on Ouse.
HW: It is a lovely place, isn’t it?
GA: Yeah.
HH: Did you enjoy your visit?
HW: Yeah. We went to the, what was it?
GA: Where the video and all that is.
HW: Yeah.
GA: That was —
HW: Well, that brought memories back to me.
HH: Well —
GA: You know, when we saw all these you know on the ceiling. On the —
HH: The thing is that, you know one of the things that we were trying to do in that exhibition was to tell the story from both sides.
HW: Yeah.
GA: Yeah.
HW: This is it.
HH: As a way of achieving some measure of reconciliation. But listening to your story Helga you are, your family and your own story is a story of —
HW: Yeah.
HH: Reconciliation in and of itself.
HW: It don’t matter —
HH: You know, you are a walking model of reconciliation.
HW: It doesn’t matter what country you come from they all got mothers haven’t they? And we’re all born the same way.
HH: I think that’s the important thing is that too often people are made out to be heroes or villains but actually they are humans.
GA: Yeah.
HW: Yeah.
HH: And we all have human emotions, don’t we?
HW: This is it. Yeah.
HH: And we all have, feel pain.
HW: It’s just different nationalities, isn’t it? That’s all it is.
HH: Yeah.
GA: The ordinary, you know the ordinary soldiers on either side they would shake hands with one another, wouldn’t they? Didn’t, didn’t your mother have a friend who had how many sons killed?
HW: Yeah. My mother’s friend had eleven children. She had, no twelve, she had one girl and eleven boys and they all went in the Army and got killed bar one. And the one what was life was deaf and dumb and all the others got killed. And when I went over with my late husband she took me to see her and she hugged my husband and said, ‘You can’t help the war.’
HH: Yeah.
HW: ‘You are like us,’ she said.
HH: Yeah.
HW: And I really felt that. That she really welcomed him.
HH: Yeah. Which is —
HW: My father actually didn’t want me to come to England because leaving home and all that but when we came over and back and forward he was quite happy to see I was happy and —
HH: That’s good.
HW: And particularly when he met the parent in laws as well.
HH: Which is great.
HW: Yeah.
HH: Yeah. And you were a friend of Helga’s late husband, Harold.
GA: Yeah. Yeah, Harold was —
HH: Did you work together?
GA: Yeah. We helped one, yeah we both had country pursuits in common. He was a rabbit trapper, you know. In the war rabbits was the diet of most people you know with having ration books. Rabbits weren’t on that. He worked as a rabbit catcher very early. I mean his —
HW: Well, your parents and Harold’s parents were —
GA: Yeah. Yeah.
HW: Friends, weren’t they?
HH: Oh gosh.
GA: Harold’s, Harold’s grandmother lived next door but one down the village. You know, just a cottage just across the road. So, we’ve known them all, well you as well haven’t we, ever since that time and that.
HW: Yeah. They all lived down the —
HH: A long time.
HW: Yeah.
GA: Being on the farm and that, Harold had long weekends off and he used to come over and stay over with me didn’t you and such like because it was, I’ve enjoyed working on the farm. I’ve been on the same farm ever since 1960 if you know what I mean.
HH: Gosh.
GA: And it’s been a way of life and you worked fifty, sixty hours a week and such like and you’re quite happy to do it.
HH: And what, and what jobs have you done on the farm Gordon?
GA: Well, we’ve had pigs, cattle, sheep. We’ve had all sorts of livestock and, and the arable work. I’ve done all that you see. And Helga’s helped like when we were doing like we used to have to chop sugar beet out and Helga has helped me doing that haven’t you?
HW: And looked after the —
GA: And Harold’s helped me in the garden.
HW: On the —
GA: And such like. He loved gardening and he helped me there sort of thing. We helped one another.
HH: Well, you’ve still got a beautiful garden.
GA: We’ve tried our best to keep it a bit nice, yeah.
HH: It’s so pretty.
GA: Yeah. Yeah.
HH: It’s so pretty. To come in and see such a pretty garden.
GA: Yeah. It’s just coming to the end of the bulbs and that. It’s next, the next couple of three weeks and it all gets changed to summer bedding and such like.
HH: Yeah.
GA: Yeah.
HH: Yeah.
GA: Yeah.
HH: So, you are still working on the farm?
GA: Only a few hours a week sort of thing. Just go and —
HH: But still you are.
GA: Trim the grass and things like that. Yeah. Yeah.
HH: And how far away is the farm?
GA: Just down the, in the village there. Yeah. Oh, it’s been a way of life but I’ve thoroughly enjoyed doing. I did what I wanted to do all my life sort of thing.
HH: Yeah. Yeah.
GA: But when we was, you know when that photograph was taken and that we used to stand out there and see these thousand bombers going out.
HH: You remember that.
GA: I remember them all coming up there because I should be, I should be five when Leslie visited us. I remember him clear as anything playing ball with me in the back garden and such like. And you don’t realise all the things that’s going on but, but you used to see these bombers going. I think they used to come up from Suffolk, Norfolk and go out over the Humber with a fighter. You know, squadrons of fighters.
HH: They probably used the Humber for navigation.
GA: Yeah.
HH: Yeah.
GA: And then you used to see them coming back in the morning. Some with only one or two engines going and things like that. Limping home and that. And obviously we didn’t know how bad it was but we never realised how many didn’t come home and that.
HH: Yeah. Yeah. Losses. Terrible losses on both sides really.
GA: There was, wasn’t there? Yeah. Yeah.
HW: When they came over Kiel we used to watch them come over like and we used to shoot at them but when they got a bit close we had to go in the cellar quick.
HH: And you had, you had warnings did you with sirens?
HW: Yeah. We did. Yeah. About half an hour before time. Of course, we had shelters to go in to.
HH: What were the shelters like?
HW: They wasn’t bad at all. Mind you we had no bombs near the common but in the hospital where I was when they dropped three bombs there, just the three hospitals, they dropped three bombs there and there was a big shelter only five minutes away from there and they reckoned it just rocked but nothing, you know, got disturbed.
HH: In the shelter.
HW: So, they must have been pretty strong. Yeah.
HH: Yeah. Because I’ve seen pictures of some of the shelters in Germany that were quite tall. So, were these underground ones that you are talking about?
HW: No. They were on top or they were underground as well and on the top?
HH: And they were. Oh, ok.
HW: Yeah. High underneath as well.
HH: Ok. So, they went down underground.
HW: Yeah.
HH: And they were up.
HW: Yes, there was a few —
HH: I understand.
HW: A few hundred people in them. Maybe a thousand or so. Yeah. Yeah. They were very strong. Yeah. Some of them in Hamburg are still there. They managed to get windows in and I don’t know what they are using them for. Flats or what. I’ve no, no idea.
HH: Goodness.
HW: It’s amazing, yeah.
HH: So when was the last time you visited Germany?
GA: When we went on that cruise wasn’t it?
HW: Yeah. Yeah, about —
GA: We went, well Harold died in 2000, didn’t he?
HW: Yeah.
GA: We’ve been here. We’ve been on several cruises and there was one, we’ve been out to the Baltic. We did the Baltic and one calling places was Warnemunde, wasn’t it?
HW: Yeah.
GA: And you got in touch with some of your, well Willy and that and also Herta’s son.
HW: Yeah.
GA: And such like. How many of us was there at —
HW: Twenty three.
GA: Twenty three of them. Not, you know about an hour’s car drive from Warnemunde. We met at one of her niece, her great —
HW: My nephew’s house.
GA: Nephew’s house.
HH: That’s wonderful.
GA: And about twenty three of her relations were there and that.
HW: For a day like.
GA: And then they took us back to our cruise ship that was docked there.
HW: And we had a day outing and we’d chosen to see my nephew. Well, all the other of the cruise ship went to see Berlin but I wasn’t interested in going to Berlin.
HH: You wanted to see your family.
HW: Yeah. Well, that’s it. Yeah.
HH: Fantastic.
HW: Yeah. We had altogether ten cruises, didn’t we?
GA: I think. Yeah. We have done between us. Yeah. So —
HW: So, we had a good life after all.
HH: And the next cruise?
GA: No. I think we’ve —
HW: No. I’m afraid I won’t be managing anymore. I’ve got a heart problem as well so I’ve got to be very careful now what I do.
HH: Well, it’s wonderful that you were, you went as far as the IBCC.
HW: Yeah.
HH: So that’s jolly good.
HW: Yeah.
HH: Yeah.
HW: Yeah.
HH: And I’m glad you enjoyed your visit.
HW: Well, we did. We enjoyed —
GA: It was very —
HW: What we’d done. Yeah.
GA: Yeah. Really good. Yeah. Took your, not your grandson’s wife and your great grandson, didn’t we?
HW: Yeah.
GA: Have you got a picture of them there? Where was them pictures that you took? I don’t know where they are now but —
HW: Which was them?
GA: When Luke and Liz were there.
HH: You, you all went together, did you?
GA: Yeah. Yeah.
HH: What did they think of it?
GA: Oh, they was really thrilled with it, weren’t they? Yeah. I don’t know if I’ve got that —
HH: Oh, well, that’s wonderful. Well, thank you very much for talking to, to us, both of you, Helga and Gordon. Thank you for sharing all of these stories with us. They, they are remarkable and we feel very privileged to have them for our archive. Thank you.
HW: Yeah. Thank you. That’s all.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Interview with Helga Wynne and Gordon Atkinson
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Heather Hughes
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
IBCC Digital Archive
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2018-05-08
Rights
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This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Sound
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
AWynneH-AtkinsonG180508, PWynneH1825
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
00:47:51 audio recording
Language
A language of the resource
eng
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Civilian
Wehrmacht. Kriegsmarine
Royal Air Force
Royal Air Force. Bomber Command
British Army
Description
An account of the resource
Helga (00:00-34:00) was born in Kiel in 1926. Her father was a sailor, who then worked at Krupp shipbuilding yard; her mother was a tram driver during the war. None of her brothers were called up, either because of age or disability. Mentions Hitler and daily life in pre-war Germany. While working on a farm she injured her back, was hospitalised, and then worked at a children hospital in Kiel which was bombed. Helga then met a Kriegsmarine serviceman and were going to get married. The train they were travelling on was attacked by an allied airplane which killed him but spared Helga. In 1947 Helga met Harold, a Royal Medical Corps paramedic who served in Kiel. They resettled in England and got married at Burton in 1948, an event which stirred much curiosity. Helga was welcomed by Harold’s family in Fieldby, and they also met Helga’s family in Germany. Harold worked at Scunthorpe steel works; she worked on a farm until retiring at 70. Harold passed away in 2000. Helga elaborates on the meaning of reconciliation, recalls the difficulties learning English and the reaction of villagers at her ‘lovely accent’.
Gordon (34:00-47:51) discusses family members emigrating to Canada and returning during the war. One served at 426 Squadron at RAF Linton on Ouse, a rear gunner on a Halifax who was lost in the North Sea. Gordon discusses his friendship with Harold and recollects seeing Bomber Command aircraft flying out and coming back during the war.
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
Germany
Germany--Kiel
Great Britain
England--Yorkshire
England--Lincolnshire
Canada
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Graham Emmet
Julie Williams
Carolyn Emery
Temporal Coverage
Temporal characteristics of the resource.
1945
426 Squadron
air gunner
aircrew
bombing
childhood in wartime
ditching
Halifax
love and romance
perception of bombing war
RAF Linton on Ouse
-
https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/files/original/547/8800/PWynneH1824.2.jpg
8a14525fb55b64ede6852cb55b521a3c
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Wynne, Helga
Description
An account of the resource
10 items. Includes family photographs and two oral history interviews with Helga Wynne (b. 1926) who reminisces her childhood in Kiel, the death of her future fiancé when the train he was travelling on was bombed, and her coming over to Great Britain in 1948.
The collection has been loaned to the IBCC Digital Archive for digitisation by Helga Wynne and catalogued by Barry Hunter.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
IBCC Digital Archive
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2018-08-02
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
Wynne, H
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Interview with Helga Wynne
Description
An account of the resource
Helga Wynne was born into a family of twelve in 1926 in Kiel, Germany. She describes her childhood and her father working as a shipbuilder in the dockyards. She left school at 14 and went to work on a farm. She fell through the hayloft opening, fortunately onto a bale of hay. She was seriously injured and spent six months in hospital. She then trained as a nurse in a children’s hospital in Kiel. She describes the hospital being bombed and being buried under the rubble. She was saved by two doctors who dug her out. She talks about her meeting her fiancée, Wilhelm, a submariner. She became pregnant and they decided to marry at Wilhelm’s home in Westphalia. The train on which they were travelling was bombed and Wilhelm was killed. She describes the birth of her son and living with Wilhelm’s parents. In 1948, back in Kiel, she met Harold Wynne, a British paramedic doing his national service. He returned to the UK with her. They married in Burton, near Scunthorpe, and settled in Flixborough. She describes a happy family life and working on a farm as a tractor driver. Harold worked at the steel works in Scunthorpe until retirement. She describes her family life today, her three sons with Harold, her first-born son in Germany, and her partnership with Gordon. She reminisces about the explosion that occurred in Flixborough in the 1970s and the effect it had on the local community and the damage to her home and personal belongings. She recalls her emotions whilst visiting the exhibition at the International Bomber Command Centre in Lincoln and stresses the importance of reconciliation for all those involved in the bombing war.
<p>This content is available as embedded video:</p>
<p><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/glKvoVJYj54?rel=0&showinfo=0" frameborder="0" allow="autoplay; encrypted-media" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe></p>
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Heather Hughes
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2018-08-02
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
00:24:29 video recording
Language
A language of the resource
eng
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Moving image
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Civilian
Wehrmacht. Kriegsmarine
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
Germany
Great Britain
Atlantic Ocean--Baltic Sea
England--Lincolnshire
Germany--Kiel
England--Flixborough
England--Scunthorpe
Temporal Coverage
Temporal characteristics of the resource.
1948
1974-06-01
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
IBCC Digital Archive
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
VWynneH180802
PWynneH1824
bombing
childhood in wartime
perception of bombing war
submarine
-
https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/files/original/442/7854/PTwellsE15070044.2.jpg
ef33c151d7896841e5406a9e8c5ca9ff
https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/files/original/442/7854/PTwellsE15070045.2.jpg
cddcf09551f3567aa1a2ce8a9b00c5a3
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Twells, Ernie. Album
Description
An account of the resource
A scrapbook containing photographs and documents of Ernie Twells' wartime and post-war service including squadron reunions. The photographs and documents are contained in wallets in a scrapbook. The wallet page has been scanned and then the individual items rescanned. The scans have been grouped together.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2015-10-26
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
Twells, E
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Tirpitz capsized
Description
An account of the resource
The Tirpitz is capsized, floating in a Norwegian fjord. On the reverse
'Battleship Tirpitz
Tirpitz 15 June 1945'.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1945-06-15
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Two b/w photographs from a scrapbook
Language
A language of the resource
eng
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Photograph
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
PTwellsE15070044, PTwellsE15070045
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Royal Air Force
Royal Air Force. Bomber Command
Wehrmacht. Kriegsmarine
Temporal Coverage
Temporal characteristics of the resource.
1945-06-15
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
Norway
Norway--Tromsø
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
IBCC Digital Archive
Operation Catechism (12 November 1944)
Tirpitz
-
https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/files/original/442/7850/PTwellsE15070040.2.jpg
fec63623ce502f4136f50d01ab8ea8a2
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Twells, Ernie. Album
Description
An account of the resource
A scrapbook containing photographs and documents of Ernie Twells' wartime and post-war service including squadron reunions. The photographs and documents are contained in wallets in a scrapbook. The wallet page has been scanned and then the individual items rescanned. The scans have been grouped together.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2015-10-26
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
Twells, E
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Ernie Twells and airmen
Lancaster DV385, Thumper Mk 111
The capsized Tirpitz
Description
An account of the resource
A group of 29 airmen and one woman, arranged in three rows. The front row is seated cross legged on the grass. The second row is kneeling and the third row is standing. Behind is a caravan and a hedge. Captioned 'Ernie Twells Back Row 2nd from right'.
The nose art of Lancaster DV385 'Thumper Mk 111', complete with cartoon rabbit and bombing operations. Captioned 'Ernie Twells Lancaster he flew in'.
The Tirpitz lying in the fjord. Captioned 'Tirpitz capsized'.
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Three b/w photographs from a scrapbook
Language
A language of the resource
eng
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Photograph
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Royal Air Force
Royal Air Force. Bomber Command
Wehrmacht. Kriegsmarine
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
IBCC Digital Archive
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
PTwellsE15070040
Lancaster
nose art
Operation Catechism (12 November 1944)
Tirpitz
training
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Twells, Ernie. Album
Description
An account of the resource
A scrapbook containing photographs and documents of Ernie Twells' wartime and post-war service including squadron reunions. The photographs and documents are contained in wallets in a scrapbook. The wallet page has been scanned and then the individual items rescanned. The scans have been grouped together.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2015-10-26
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
Twells, E
Transcribed document
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading.
Transcription
Text transcribed from audio recording or document
[Photograph]
[page break]
[signature]
[signature]
Karl T. [indecipherable name]
[signature]
[signature]
[signature]
[signature]
[indecipherable words]
[page break]
[Photograph]
[page break]
BATTLESHIP TIRPITZ
Walter Hugin
[underlined] 46 Do-Huckarde [/underlined]
Servatiust str. 19
[page break]
[Photograph]
SIGNATURES OF SURVIVORS ON BACK OF EACH PHOTO
[page break]
[Photograph]
BATTLESHIP TIRPITZ
BOTH PHOTOS
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Tirpitz
Description
An account of the resource
Picture 1 Captioned 'Battleship Tirpitz, both photos'.
On the reverse
'Battleship Tirpitz
Walter Hugin
46 Do-Huckarde
Servahust sh. 19'
Picture 2 Captioned 'Signatures of Survivors on back of each photo'.
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Two b/w photographs from a scrapbook
Language
A language of the resource
eng
deu
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Photograph
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
PTwellsE15070030, PTwellsE15070031, PTwellsE15070032, PTwellsE15070033,
PTwellsE15070034, PTwellsE15070035
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Wehrmacht. Kriegsmarine
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
IBCC Digital Archive
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
David Bloomfield
Angela Gaffney
Tirpitz
-
https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/files/original/442/7846/PTwellsE15070027.1.jpg
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https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/files/original/442/7846/PTwellsE15070029.1.jpg
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Twells, Ernie. Album
Description
An account of the resource
A scrapbook containing photographs and documents of Ernie Twells' wartime and post-war service including squadron reunions. The photographs and documents are contained in wallets in a scrapbook. The wallet page has been scanned and then the individual items rescanned. The scans have been grouped together.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2015-10-26
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
Twells, E
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Bob Knights' target photograph of the Tirpitz
The Tirpitz firing its guns
Description
An account of the resource
A vertical aerial photograph much obscured by cloud, smoke and explosions. Captioned '671 LOS. 29.10.44 14000 330 07.52 TIRPITZ B1 1x12000 C.31 Secs F/Lt KNIGHTS 0.617'.
The Tirpitz firing its guns, taken from onboard the vessel.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1944-10-29
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Two photographs from a scrapbook.
Language
A language of the resource
eng
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Photograph
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Royal Air Force
Royal Air Force. Bomber Command
Wehrmacht. Kriegsmarine
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
Norway
Norway--Tromsø
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
PTwellsE15070027, PTwellsE15070028, PTwellsE15070029
Conforms To
An established standard to which the described resource conforms.
Geolocated
Temporal Coverage
Temporal characteristics of the resource.
1944-10-29
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
IBCC Digital Archive
617 Squadron
aerial photograph
bombing
Lancaster
target photograph
Tirpitz
-
https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/files/original/442/7845/PTwellsE15070024.2.jpg
1903419b876688e9dd2c8425d22a0d98
https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/files/original/442/7845/PTwellsE15070025.2.jpg
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https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/files/original/442/7845/PTwellsE15070026.2.jpg
5b1b1ceb5843741c1de4278cb97b4b13
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Twells, Ernie. Album
Description
An account of the resource
A scrapbook containing photographs and documents of Ernie Twells' wartime and post-war service including squadron reunions. The photographs and documents are contained in wallets in a scrapbook. The wallet page has been scanned and then the individual items rescanned. The scans have been grouped together.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2015-10-26
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
Twells, E
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Munich and of the Tirpitz
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1944-04-24
1944-04-25
1944-11-12
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Two b/w photographs from a scrapbook
Language
A language of the resource
eng
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Photograph
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
PTwellsE15070024, PTwellsE15070025, PTwellsE15070026
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Royal Air Force
Royal Air Force. Bomber Command
Wehrmacht. Kriegsmarine
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
Germany
Norway
Germany--Munich
Norway--Tromsø
Temporal Coverage
Temporal characteristics of the resource.
1944-04-24
1944-04-25
1944-11-12
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
Conforms To
An established standard to which the described resource conforms.
Geolocated
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
IBCC Digital Archive
Description
An account of the resource
A vertical target photograph of Munich being bombed. Much of the detail is obscured by anti-aircraft fire. Captioned '66 WS. 24/25.4.44 // NT8” 18500 [arrow] 026 0145 Munich.RD. A 6RS. 6JCL 29 SECS F/O KNIGHTS A 617.'
A target photograph of the Tirpitz. Some detail is obscured by anti-aircraft fire. There is a cloud or a smoke screen close to but not obscuring the battleship. Captioned '1977 W.S.12.11.44 //8 13500 330° 0842 TIRPITZ. B1 1HC 12000 DT. C 31 SECS. F/L KNIGHTS. 0.617.'
617 Squadron
aerial photograph
anti-aircraft fire
bombing
Lancaster
Operation Catechism (12 November 1944)
Tallboy
target photograph
Tirpitz
-
https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/files/original/371/6128/SCavalierRG1264567v10012.2.pdf
9f6fec394d9df4f4e057eeaadde39311
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Description
An account of the resource
This document mimics recruitment material seeking volunteers for the U-Boat service. It is in interactive form and shows a seaman dropping into a watery grave. It quotes the average life expectancy of U-Boat crew as 62 days.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Cavalier, Reginald George. Album two
Description
An account of the resource
35 items. The album contains service material, Christmas cards, and propaganda leaflets in German, French and English.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
IBCC Digital Archive
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2017-04-10
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
Cavalier, RG
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
Transcribed audio recording
A resource consisting primarily of recorded human voice.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Freiwillige vor für die U-boot-waffe!
Description
An account of the resource
Propaganda leaflet aimed at German-speaking population.
This document mimics recruitment material seeking volunteers for the U-Boat service. It is in interactive form and shows a seaman dropping into a watery grave. It quotes the average life expectancy of U-Boat crew as 62 days.
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Printed card pull through
Language
A language of the resource
deu
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Artwork
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
SCavalierRG1264567v10012
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Wehrmacht
Wehrmacht. Kriegsmarine
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
IBCC Digital Archive
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
David Bloomfield
Conforms To
An established standard to which the described resource conforms.
Pending text-based transcription. Other languages than English
propaganda
submarine
-
https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/files/original/370/6088/MGomersalO139719-160530-04.1.jpg
34aa71dbbab136929f32cde6acd52adc
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Gomersal, Oliver.
Description
An account of the resource
Ten items. An oral history interview with Flight Lieutenant Oliver Gomersal (b. 1921, 1433231, 139719 Royal Air Force), a memoir, accounts of operations, a list of postings, his logbook and two photographs. Oliver Gomersal was navigator with 621 Squadron stationed in East Africa and Aden. On 2 May 1944 his Wellington successfully attacked a German submarine, U852.
The collection has been loaned to the IBCC Digital Archive for digitisation by Oliver Gomersal and catalogued by Nigel Huckins.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
IBCC Digital Archive
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. Some items have not been published in order to protect the privacy of third parties, to comply with intellectual property regulations, or have been assessed as medium or low priority according to the IBCC Digital Archive collection policy and will therefore be published at a later stage. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal, https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/collection-policy.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
Gomersal, O
Transcribed document
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading.
Transcription
Text transcribed from audio recording or document
[inserted] 14 [/inserted]
[underlined] U 852. [/underlined]
TYPE: IX D2
BUILDERS: Deschimag, AG Weser (Bremen).
BUILDER’S NUMBER: 1058.
LAUNCHED: 28.01.1943.
COMMISSIONED: 15.06.1943.
TRAINING FLOTILLA: 04.U-F1. Stettin. 06.1943 – 01.1944.
FRONT FLOTILLA: 12.U-F1. Bordeaux. 02.1944 – 05.1944.
COMMANDING OFFICER: KL Heinz-Wilhelm Eck. 06.1943 – 05.1944.
FATE: 03.05.1943. Depth Charged RAF aircraft (8 & 621 Sqns (squadrons)). Driven ashore & scuttled. SE of Socotra 09.32N/50.59E.
SURVIVORS: c45. 7 killed.
[underlined] ECK. Heinz-Wilhelm. [/underlined]
27.03.1916. Born in Hamburg.
.1934. Joined the German Navy (Reichsmarine).
01.12.1941. Kapitänleutnant (Lieut. Comdr). (Lieutenant Commander). 7th in year.
09.1939 – 02.1941. Attached to the 6th Minesweeping Flotilla.
03.1941 – 06.1942. Attached to the 8th Minesweeping Flotilla.
06.1942 – 10.1942. U boat training.
10.1942 – 05.1943. Attached to the 2.U-F1, 2.U.A.A. & 24.U-F1.
05.1943 – 06.1943. Overseeing the final construction of U 852.
06.1943 – 05.1944 – U 852 Commander.
05.1944 – 11.1945. Prisoner of War.
[missing word] 11.1945. Courts-Martial for the killing of survivors from the PELEUS found guilty & shot by firing squad.
[underlined] Vessels Sunk by U 852. [/underlined]
13/03/1944. Greek PELEUS 4,695 GRT. Sunk in position: 02. S/10. W. German grid position FF ????
01.04.1944. British DAHOMIAN 5,277 GRT. Sunk in position: 34.25S/18.19E. German grid position
GR 5699.
[underlined] Note. [/underlined]
Although KL Eck was convicted at his Courts-Martial it seems strange that after sinking the DAHOMIAN he didn’t kill any survivors. Might I suggest some further research to clarify the position? It was not known in 1945 that U 852 has sunk the DAHOMIAN.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
German submarine U852
Description
An account of the resource
Service history of U852 depth-charged by Royal Air Force aircraft of 8 and 621 Squadron, driven ashore and scuttled south east of Socotra. History of Heinz-Wilhelm Ech, the captain, and records vessels sunk by the submarine.
Language
A language of the resource
eng
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
MGomersalO139719-160530-04
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
Yemen (Republic)--Socotra
Yemen (Republic)
Temporal Coverage
Temporal characteristics of the resource.
1944-05
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
IBCC Digital Archive
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Royal Air Force
Wehrmacht. Kriegsmarine
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Lesley Wain
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
One-page typewritten document
621 Squadron
8 Squadron
submarine