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                  <text>Hedges, Betty</text>
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                  <text>Elizabeth C Hedges</text>
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                  <text>Ten items. An oral history interview with Betty Hedges (b. 1926), a song sheet, diary, letters concerning civil defence, photographs and newspaper cutting. She grew up in south London during the war and relates experiences of being bombed and working as a civil defence messenger.  &#13;
&#13;
The collection has been donated to the IBCC Digital Archive by Betty Hedges and catalogued by Nigel Huckins.&#13;
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                  <text>This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.</text>
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              <text>C.D. MESSENGERS HEAD QUARTERS,&#13;
FULL STREET,&#13;
DERBY&#13;
29th May 1945.&#13;
TO:&#13;
All members of the Civil Defence Messenger Service.&#13;
&#13;
Dear Sir or Madam,&#13;
Now that our Civil Defence duties are finished it is with satisfaction and gratification that I am able to say the Service has fulfilled all that was asked of it, indeed in many instances messenger s have undertaken work which has been outside their duty and have done it willingly and well.&#13;
Please accept my sincere thanks for your loyal support to me in what has been a very pleasant duty, and I hope that friendships and contacts made may last a very long time.&#13;
The Final Parade of all the Civil Defence Services will take place on Sunday 10th June next. Meet – Parkfield Cedars School, 2.30 p.m.; when I would like evry member of the Service to attend. Further particulars will be given to Group Leaders as soon as possible.&#13;
Yours faithfully,&#13;
E. JACKSON&#13;
OFFICER I/C MESSENGERS.&#13;
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                <text>Letter to all members of civil defence messenger service</text>
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                <text>Written as civil defence duties finished. Thanks for loyal support. Notes final parade on 10 June 1945.</text>
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                <text>B Jackson</text>
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                <text>This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.</text>
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                <text>David Bloomfield</text>
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                  <text>43 items. An oral history interview with Alexander McPherson Lamb (b. 1925, 1827673 Royal Air Force), his decorations, &lt;a href="https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/collections/show/1337"&gt;album&lt;/a&gt; and photographs. He flew operations as an air gunner with 15 Squadron. The collection has been loaned to the IBCC Digital Archive for digitisation by Alexander Lamb and catalogued by Barry Hunter.</text>
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                  <text>This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.</text>
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                <text>Alexander Lamb’s flying log book for navigators, air bombers, air gunners, flight engineers</text>
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                <text>Air gunners log book for Alexander Lamb covering the period from 21 June 1944 to 24 June 1947. Detailing his flying training and operations flown and it also contains photographs of aircraft and some RAF certificates. He was stationed at RAF Stormy Down (7 AGS), RAF Market Harborough (14 OTU), RAF Wigsley (1654 HCU), RAF Feltwell and RAF Mildenhall (15 Squadron). Aircraft flown in were, Anson, Wellington, Stirling, Lancaster, Oxford, York, Lincoln, Dominie, Hadrian, Tiger Moth. He flew 5 operations (4 daylight and 1 night-time) with 15 squadron. Targets were Munster, Bocholt, Kiel, Heligoland, Bremen. He also participated in supply dropping in the Netherlands (Operation Manna), Operation Exodus returning POWs, Baedeker or “Cooks Tours” to see the devastation of German cities and Operation Post-Mortem, testing German radar devices. His pilots on operations were Flying Officer Barton, Flying Officer Darlow and Flying Officer Dunn. The log book also lists his post war RAF flights.</text>
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                <text>Review Oct 2024</text>
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        <name>air gunner</name>
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        <name>Dominie</name>
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                  <text>Twenty items. Collection concerns Henry Moss (1925 - 2020, 3041799, Royal Air Force). He served as an air gunner with 138 Squadron at RAF Tuddenham. Collection consists of an oral history interview, his flying logbook, documents and photographs.&#13;
&#13;
The collection has been donated to the IBCC Digital Archive by Henry Moss and catalogued by Nigel Huckins. </text>
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                  <text>Henry Moss, Flight Sergeant, served in the RAF between 22 October 1943 to 10 April 1946. He trained as an Air Gunner and was involved in bombing Kiel, Potsdam, Heligoland, and Bremen before taking part in Operations Exodus, Manna and Revue  with 138 Squadron.  Henry was demobilised in 1946. &#13;
&#13;
Henry left school in Bradford aged 17½ just before the outbreak of war with no qualifications .  He worked in a variety of jobs including a garment fitter where he made waterproof clothing for dispatch riders.  Henry passed his National Service medical board and joined the Air Transport Corps which led him to choose to join the Royal Air Force.&#13;
Henry was ordered to go to Viceroy House in London to be fitted with his unforms and receive his inoculations before moving on with his next stage of his training.   He was then posted to RAF Usworth in February 1944 for his primary training.  This was made up of marching and learning to salute, and basic tests on arithmetic and writing to place recruits on their trade path. There were people from many different places around the globe. https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/collections/document/28928&#13;
Henry learned how to strip down and re-assemble a Browning gun blindfolded but found this a pointless exercise as at altitude, it impossible to manipulate the small parts of the weapon with gloves on.&#13;
After RAF Usworth, he was posted to RAF Pembrey to the Introductory Gunnery Course at 1 Air Gunnery School flying Ansons.  He did not experience air sickness and enjoyed flying. While here Henry learned about ‘offsetting’ the release of the bombs and how to aim accurately.  He was surprised to learn that from his own records that he had scored 98.5% in the exam.  Over his time at RAF Pembrey, he fired a total of 300 rounds.  Henry was finally selected as an air gunner/wireless operator.&#13;
Henry’s next posting was to (26 OTU) RAF Wing on the Vickers Wellington, where he crewed up.  His first pilot made a mistake during a landing and while the landing was safe, the pilot was sent home. His second pilot was Sergeant Crawford who he felt safe with for the rest of the war.  From here Henry went to the 1669 Heavy Conversion Unit RAF Langer on Lancasters, and 138 Squadron RAF Tempsford. Henry flew to Kiel twice; both flights were at night and while he was involved in the sinking of the German ship Admiral Sheer, he did not see anything.  Henry flew operations to Potsdam and a daytime operation to the Naval base on the island of Heligoland.  He can remember being able to see the other aircraft and watching the torpedo boats below; he thought the operation was a bit of a ‘dead duck’.  Henry’s final operation was to Bremen when they were hit by flak but ‘nothing vital was hit’. Henry referred to Operation Manna  as ‘Spam Runs’ &#13;
After the war ended Henry was involved, as a camera operator, in Operation Revue which was the creation of a digital map on mainland Britain as an aid to town and country. Henry was demobilised from Personnel Dispersal Centre 100 having achieved the rank of Flight Sergeant. In total he completed 436 hours 20 minutes flying.  He went straight back to his previous job as a garment cutter in Bradford, but he did not stay in contact with any of ‘his’ crew.  &#13;
&#13;
&#13;
Claire Campbell</text>
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                  <text>Ninety-six items and a sub-collection with twenty two items.. &#13;
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He flew operations as a navigator with 466 Squadron. &#13;
&#13;
The collection has been donated to the IBCC Digital Archive by Elizabeth Anne Lusby and catalogued by Nigel Huckins. </text>
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              <text>A436464 F/S HOGAN P.&#13;
RAAF AUSPO&#13;
LONDON&#13;
29/5/45&#13;
&#13;
Dear Dad, &#13;
&#13;
I’m not certain whether it was just before or just after last week and that I wrote you. In any case we had a long weekend &amp; Jock &amp; I went into Bridlington on the Saturday as it is the closest holiday resort &amp; the Monday &amp; Tuesday were Bank Holidays. We weren’t very impressed, however, &amp; came back on Sunday afternoon.&#13;
&#13;
The weather lately has been terrible, [inserted] cold strong [/inserted] [underlined] winds &amp; cold [/underlined] all day long for weeks. I’ve had a beautiful cold for a while, &amp; friends of Greg in Bradford have for some time been asking me to go over there. I arranged to go this weekend although I didn’t feel much like it. After sending a note off Tuesday to say I’d be there Friday night, we were mucking about on the bikes &amp; I bit mother earth &amp; am now adorned with a couple of the most ornamental decorations - a beautiful thick upper lip almost completely devoid of skin, as also is my chin. Went to Bradford &amp; had a &#13;
&#13;
[page break]&#13;
&#13;
very nice time. Jack &amp; [indecipherable name] Collett are charming people &amp; were apparently very attached to young Greg.&#13;
&#13;
Do you think I took some ribbing in the mess today? I’m pretty well known as I’ve been on the squadron longer than the majority - indeed we’d have finished our tour had nothing happened. In any case with about 4 days growth standing up through it, it does look lovely.&#13;
&#13;
Meeting old acquaintances, [inserted] all the time now [/inserted] all the Englishmen are gone &amp; Aussie crews are turning up from everywhere everyday. Just skeleton crews left of course, pilots, w/ops, F/Engs, &amp; Navs. Oh to be a bombaimer &amp; go home.&#13;
&#13;
Hope to stay with [indecipherable name] &amp; Jack if we do go on [indecipherable word] [missing word] and out East for they are good scouts &amp; have all the clues. We will have to get a new W/op, too, for Dickie was a “Pongo”. Whatever happens it will be some time before I get home.&#13;
&#13;
How is Kev’s camp going this time? No doubt Eileen &amp; Doreen are also home? As I find it difficult to settle down long enough to write a letter every {missing words] I’ll never ever attempt to tackle accountancy whilst over here.&#13;
&#13;
Pleased to note Dan is O.K. In his last letter to me, he gave me his first hint that he&#13;
&#13;
[page break]&#13;
&#13;
[missing word] getting fed up with it &amp; wants to get back. How did the [indecipherable word] enjoy their sorjourn? Ray Gearon [indecipherable word] something to “shoot a line” about now.&#13;
&#13;
Politics are the subject of the day over here now. If this deadbeat race don’t wake up to themselves this time &amp; overthrow the Tory domination &amp; oppression, they don’t really deserve to be [indecipherable word] pitied any longer. The papers are terribly hostile to Conservatism after their recent low schemes but the majority of the people are probably not interested enough in their own welfare to vote &amp; [inserted] many [/inserted] others are being deprived of one through the rush election.&#13;
&#13;
Shaun Caddy (a N.Z. W/Op from this sqdn) who was in Mannie Dyer’s crew &amp; has since been repatriated to this country is being married [missing words] Yank on Saturday &amp; I’ve been invited along. I’ve met the girl a few times, too, &amp; she is quite nice.&#13;
I sent several more books a few weeks back &amp; a certificate from G.Q. Parachute Co. &amp; a large group photo last week. Let me know &amp; if they turn up.&#13;
&#13;
Well, Dad, that seems to be the lot for the present. I hope you are all still keeping fit &amp; well &amp; not over taxing yourself at work. Love to all at home. Pat.&#13;
&#13;
[page break]&#13;
&#13;
[ink stamp] BY AIR MAIL [/ink stamp] AIR LETTER IF ANYTHING IS ENCLOSED THIS LETTER WILL BE SENT BY ORDINARY MAIL. {postmark] [postage stamp]&#13;
&#13;
Mr. D. H. Hogan&#13;
67 Chapel St.&#13;
Bendigo Vic.&#13;
Australia.&#13;
&#13;
Sender’s name and address:-&#13;
&#13;
A436464 F/S HOGAN P.&#13;
RAAF AUSPO&#13;
LONDON&#13;
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                <text>Writes of going to Bridlington for a long weekend but not being impressed. Comments on recent weather. Continues with description of some of his activities. Notes he had been on the squadron longer than most and would have finished his tour had not things happened. Mentions plans for the future and asks after other family and friends. Comments on politics and other gossip.</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="479964">
                <text>This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.</text>
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                  <text>Jolliffe, Frank Sidney Walter</text>
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                  <text>2017-09-18</text>
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                <elementText elementTextId="457484">
                  <text>This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. Some items have not been published in order to protect the privacy of third parties, to comply with intellectual property regulations, or have been assessed as medium or low priority according to the IBCC Digital Archive collection policy and will therefore be published at a later stage. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal, https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/collection-policy.</text>
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                  <text>129 items. The collection concerns Wing Commander Frank Sidney Walter Jolliffe (b. 1923, 1314311 Royal Air Force) and contains his log books, documents and photographs. He flew operations as a bomb aimer with 149 Squadron.&#13;
&#13;
The collection has been donated to the IBCC Digital Archive by Margaret Lowe and catalogued by Trevor Hardcastle.</text>
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                <text>Flying log book for F S W Jolliffe, bombe aimer/navigator, covering the period from 11 December 1942 to 29 September 1952. Detailing his flying training, operations flown, instructor duties, Post war flying duties with 35 and 98 squadrons and RAE Farnborough. He was stationed at RCAF Rivers, RCAF Paulson, RCAF Port Albert, RAF West Fraugh, RAF Market Harborough, RAF Husbands Bosworth, RAF North Luffenham, RAF Feltwell, RAF Mepal, RAF Methwold, RAF Tuddenham, RAF Graveley, RAF Bishops Court, RAF Leeming, RAF Wahn, RAF Manby, RAF Celle and RAF Farnborough. Aircraft flown in were Anson, Bolingbroke, Hampden, Wellington, Martinet, Stirling, Lancaster, Oxford, Hornet, Warwick, Mosquito, Dakota, Viking, Dominie, Storch, Devon, Lincoln, Harvard, Meteor, Valetta, Firefly, Athena, Hastings, Prentice, Canberra, Beaufighter, Avenger, Sea Fury, Pioneer, Chipmunk, Blackburn GR17, Sea Venom, Sea Hornet, Brigand, Balliol, Barracuda, Varsity, Provost, Fortress and Packet. He flew a total of 20 operations, 6 with 75 squadron, 11 with 149 squadron and 3 with 138 squadron, 13 were daylight operations and 7 were night operations. He also flew 2 Manna operations and 4 Exodus operations. Targets were Pas de Calais, Neuss, Cap Gris Nez, Duisburg, Flushing, Dortmund, Dresden, Gelsenkirchen, Kamen, Wanne-Eickel, Salzbergen, Dessau, Essen, Datteln, Merseburg, Kiel, The Hague and Juvincourt. His pilots on operations were Flight Sergeant Mcritchie, Flying Officer Winter, Flying Officer Friedrich, Flight Sergeant Sturgess, Pilot Officer Kerville, Squadron Leader Stanton, Flying Officer Nicolay, Flight Lieutenant Davidson, and Flight Lieutenant Claring.</text>
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                  <text>12 items. The collection concerns Warrant Officer Norman J Long (1923 - 1994, 1581956 Royal Air Force) and contains his log book, correspondence, documents, and photographs. He flew operations as a bomb aimer with 460 Squadron.&#13;
&#13;
The collection was loaned to the IBCC Digital Archive for digitisation by Kathryn Lawrence and catalogued by Barry Hunter.</text>
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                  <text>This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.</text>
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                <text>Norman Long's log book as bomb aimer from 26 September 1943 until 21 June 1945. Trained at 48 and 42 Air Schools, 3 AFU, 30 OTU, 1662 HCU, 1 LFS before operational posting to 460 Squadron (RAAF). Served at RAF Hixon, RAF Blyton, RAF Hemswell, RAF Binbrook. Aircraft flown were Anson, Oxford, Wellington, Halifax, Lancaster. Carried out 15 night and 4 day operations with 460 Squadron as bomb aimer to Essen, Nuremberg, Hannover, Hanau-Frankfurt, Merseburg, Dresden, Chemnitz, Dortmund, Duisburg, Pforzheim, Mannheim, Cologne, Misburg-Hannover, Langendreer-Bochum, Kiel, Heligoland. Also carried out two Operation Manna, three Operation Exodus and one Cook’s Tour flights.&#13;
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                  <text>32 items. The collection concerns Wing Commander Richard Dunning Pexton DFC AFC (Royal Air Force) and contains an interview, his log book, correspondence, documents, and photographs. He flew operations as a pilot with 61 Squadron which he commanded.&#13;
&#13;
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                  <text>This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.</text>
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                <text>1944-12-29</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="786402">
                <text>1945-01-07</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="786403">
                <text>1945-01-08</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="786404">
                <text>1945-05-29</text>
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                <text>1948</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="786406">
                <text>1949</text>
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                <text>1950</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                <text>Nick Cornwell-Smith</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="796585">
                <text>Richard Pexton’s Pilot’s Flying Log Book from 3rd October 1943 until 31st March 1950. Posted to No. 34 Service Flying Training School to train as a flying instructor. Posted Beam Approach Training Flight December 1943. February 1944 saw posting to 16 Operational Training Unit and then 1661 Heavy Conversion Unit and No. 5 Lancaster Finishing School. Operational posting to 61 Squadron occurred in July 1944. Posted to No. 2 Flying Instructors’ School in March 1945 and No. 5 (Pilots) Advanced Flying Unit in April.&#13;
&#13;
Served at RCAF Medicine Hat, RAF Spittlegate (Grantham), RAF Upper Heyford, RAF Winthorpe, RAF Syerston, RAF Montrose, RAF Tern Hill.&#13;
&#13;
Aircraft flown were Harvard, Oxford, Wellington, Stirling, Lancaster, Anson, Walrus, Spitfire, Auster. &#13;
&#13;
Wing Commander Pexton flew 29 operations (14 day and 15 night) with 61 Squadron and a Cook’s Tour with No. 5 Advanced Flying Unit.&#13;
Targets were Villeneuve-Saint-Georges, Caen, Thiverny, Courtrai, Kiel, Donges, Paris, Châtellerault, Givors, Rüsselsheim, Gilze-Rijen, La Pallice, Darmstadt, Konigsberg, Rollancourt, Brest, Le Havre, Boulogne, Kaiserslautern, Wilhelmshaven, Flushing, Nuremberg, Harburg, Duren, Urft Dam, Oslo Fjord, Munich.&#13;
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            <description>An established standard to which the described resource conforms.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Review Oct 2024</text>
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        <name>61 Squadron</name>
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        <name>aircrew</name>
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        <name>bombing</name>
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        <name>bombing of Luftwaffe night-fighter airfields (15 August 1944)</name>
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        <name>Normandy campaign (6 June – 21 August 1944)</name>
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        <name>Operational Training Unit</name>
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        <name>Oxford</name>
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        <name>RAF Syerston</name>
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        <name>Stirling</name>
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        <name>tactical support for Normandy troops</name>
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  <item itemId="57843" public="1" featured="0">
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
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                <elementText elementTextId="769320">
                  <text>Audis, Roger J</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="774416">
                  <text>9 Squadron Association</text>
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              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="769321">
                  <text>41 items. The collection contains material collected by Roger Audis related to 9 Squadron RAF and airmen who served in the squadron. The collection includes four hand written operational record books, copies of log books, and interviews with Bomber Command veterans.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It includes a &lt;a href="https://ibccdigitalarchive.omeka.net/collections/show/4055"&gt;Scrapbook&lt;/a&gt; belonging to Ken Rogers.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The collection was loaned to the IBCC Digital Archive for digitisation by Richard James and catalogued by IBCC Digital Archive staff, Barry Hunter, and Nick Cornwell-Smith.</text>
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            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="769322">
                  <text>2023-04-27</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="769323">
                  <text>IBCC Digital Archive</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="769324">
                  <text>This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. Some items have not been published in order to protect the privacy of third parties, to comply with intellectual property regulations, or have been assessed as medium or low priority according to the IBCC Digital Archive collection policy and will therefore be published at a later stage. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal, https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/collection-policy.</text>
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              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="769325">
                  <text>Audis, RJ</text>
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="916658">
                <text>E Renfrey’s South African Air Force Observer’s and Air Gunner’s Flying Log Book</text>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="916659">
                <text>SAudisRJ[Ser#-DoB]v020006</text>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="918264">
                <text>IBCC Digital Archive</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="918827">
                <text>This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>E Renfrey’s Observer’s and Air Gunner’s Flying Log Book from 20th June 1942 until 20th August 1945. During this time trained as an air gunner, navigator and bomb aimer. &#13;
&#13;
Trained at Nos. 43 and 45 Air Schools , 16 Operational Training Unit and 1660 Heavy Conversion Unit. Posted to 9 Squadron for operations in July 1943 as a bomb aimer. In January 1944 posted to Pathfinder Force (PFF) Navigation Training Unit (NTU) and then 83 Squadron as an observer. &#13;
&#13;
Posted back to operations with 156 (PFF) Squadron in November 1944 as a navigator.&#13;
&#13;
Served at SAAF Oudtshoorn, RAF Upper Heyford, RAF Swinderby, RAF Bardney, RAF Upwood, RAF Wyton, RAF Warboys.&#13;
&#13;
Aircraft flown were Tiger Moth, Oxford, Anson, Wellington, Manchester, Lancaster.&#13;
&#13;
Renfrey flew 1 night leaflet operation to Nantes with 16 OTU. With 1660 HCU hew flew 1 night bombing operation to Cologne. His main tour was with 9 Squadron where he flew 23 night bombing operations. His targets were Hamburg, Essen, Remscheid, Milan, Berlin, Mönchengladbach, Munich, Hanover, Mannheim, Bochum, Kassel, Leipzig, Modane and Frankfurt.&#13;
&#13;
On posting to 83 Squadron a further 9 night bombing operations were flown. Targets were Brunswick, Magdeburg, Berlin, Leipzig, Stuttgart, Schweinfurt and Augsburg.&#13;
&#13;
With his final squadron, 56 Squadron he flew 2 day and 7 night bombing operations, 1 Operation Manna (Rotterdam), 4 Cook's Tours and 2 Operation Dodge (Bari). Targets were Duisburg, Düsseldorf, Opladen, Osterfeld, Royan, Hamborn, Wesel, Herholz [Reisholz], Hamburg.&#13;
&#13;
A total of 50 operations (9 day, 41 night).&#13;
&#13;
His pilots were Flight Lieutenants Mitchell, Lewis, Rain, Squadron Leader Clayton, Flying Officers Player and Nicholls.&#13;
</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928868">
                <text>The operation on 29th May 1945 is listed as Operation Ramrod. </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="928869">
                <text>This item was sent to the IBCC Digital Archive already in digital form. No better quality copies are available.</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="928870">
                <text>Great Britain. Royal Air Force</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="82">
            <name>Temporal Coverage</name>
            <description>Temporal characteristics of the resource.</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928871">
                <text>1942</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928872">
                <text>1943-05-04</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928873">
                <text>1943-05-05</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928874">
                <text>1943-07-03</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928875">
                <text>1943-07-04</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="928876">
                <text>1943-07-24</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928877">
                <text>1943-07-25</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928878">
                <text>1943-07-26</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928879">
                <text>1943-07-27</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928880">
                <text>1943-07-28</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928881">
                <text>1943-07-30</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928882">
                <text>1943-07-31</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928883">
                <text>1943-08-12</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928884">
                <text>1943-08-15</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928885">
                <text>1943-08-16</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="928886">
                <text>1943-08-23</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="928887">
                <text>1943-08-24</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="928888">
                <text>1943-08-30</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928889">
                <text>1943-08-31</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="928890">
                <text>1943-09-03</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928891">
                <text>1943-09-04</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928892">
                <text>1943-09-06</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928893">
                <text>1943-09-07</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928894">
                <text>1943-09-22</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="928895">
                <text>1943-09-23</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928896">
                <text>1943-09-24</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928897">
                <text>1943-09-27</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928898">
                <text>1943-09-28</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928899">
                <text>1943-09-29</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928900">
                <text>1943-10-02</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928901">
                <text>1943-10-03</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928902">
                <text>1943-10-04</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928903">
                <text>1943-10-18</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928904">
                <text>1943-10-20</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928905">
                <text>1943-10-21</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928906">
                <text>1943-11-10</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928907">
                <text>1943-11-11</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928908">
                <text>1943-11-18</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928909">
                <text>1943-11-19</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928910">
                <text>1943-12-03</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928911">
                <text>1943-12-04</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928912">
                <text>1943-12-16</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928913">
                <text>1943-12-17</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928914">
                <text>1943-12-20</text>
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                <text>1944-01-14</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928916">
                <text>1944-01-21</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928917">
                <text>1944-01-22</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928918">
                <text>1944-01-27</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928919">
                <text>1944-01-28</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928920">
                <text>1944-02-15</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928921">
                <text>1944-02-16</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928922">
                <text>1944-02-19</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928923">
                <text>1944-02-20</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928924">
                <text>1944-02-21</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928925">
                <text>1944-02-24</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928926">
                <text>1944-02-25</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928927">
                <text>1944-02-26</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928928">
                <text>1944-12-17</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928929">
                <text>1944-12-24</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928930">
                <text>1944-12-28</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928931">
                <text>1944-12-31</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928932">
                <text>1945-01-04</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928933">
                <text>1945-01-22</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928934">
                <text>1945-01-23</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928935">
                <text>1945-02-17</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928936">
                <text>1945-02-20</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928937">
                <text>1945-02-21</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928938">
                <text>1945-03-08</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928939">
                <text>1945-03-09</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928940">
                <text>1945-05-05</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928941">
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              <elementText elementTextId="928942">
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              <elementText elementTextId="928943">
                <text>1945-06-02</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928944">
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                <text>1945-08-17</text>
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                <text>1945-08-20</text>
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            <description>Spatial characteristics of the resource.</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928947">
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              <elementText elementTextId="928948">
                <text>South Africa--Oudtshoorn</text>
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                <text>Great Britain</text>
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                <text>England--Cambridgeshire</text>
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                <text>England--Huntingdonshire</text>
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                <text>England--Lincolnshire</text>
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                <text>England--Oxfordshire</text>
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                <text>France</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928955">
                <text>France--Modane</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928956">
                <text>France--Nantes</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928957">
                <text>France--Royan</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928958">
                <text>Germany</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928959">
                <text>Germany--Ruhr (Region)</text>
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                <text>Germany--Augsburg</text>
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                <text>Germany--Berlin</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928962">
                <text>Germany--Bochum</text>
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                <text>Germany--Braunschweig</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928964">
                <text>Germany--Cologne</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928965">
                <text>Germany--Duisburg</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928966">
                <text>Germany--Düsseldorf</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928967">
                <text>Germany--Essen</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928968">
                <text>Germany--Frankfurt am Main</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928969">
                <text>Germany--Hamburg</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928970">
                <text>Germany--Hannover</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928971">
                <text>Germany--Kassel</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928972">
                <text>Germany--Leipzig</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928973">
                <text>Germany--Leverkusen</text>
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                <text>Germany--Magdeburg</text>
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                <text>Germany--Mannheim</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928976">
                <text>Germany--Rheydt</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928977">
                <text>Germany--Munich</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928978">
                <text>Germany--Osterfeld</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928979">
                <text>Germany--Remscheid</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928980">
                <text>Germany--Schweinfurt</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928981">
                <text>Germany--Stuttgart</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928982">
                <text>Germany--Wesel (North Rhine-Westphalia)</text>
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                <text>Italy--Milan</text>
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                <text>Netherlands--Rotterdam</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="941033">
                <text>Germany--Mönchengladbach</text>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Royal Air Force</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928990">
                <text>Royal Air Force. Bomber Command</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928991">
                <text>South African Air Force</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>eng</text>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928993">
                <text>Text</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928994">
                <text>Text. Log book and record book</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928995">
                <text>One booklet</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="928996">
                <text>Nick Cornwell-Smith</text>
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          <element elementId="65">
            <name>Conforms To</name>
            <description>An established standard to which the described resource conforms.</description>
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                <text>Review Oct 2024</text>
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        <name>156 Squadron</name>
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      <tag tagId="1157">
        <name>16 OTU</name>
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      <tag tagId="1186">
        <name>1660 HCU</name>
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      <tag tagId="372">
        <name>83 Squadron</name>
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      <tag tagId="491">
        <name>9 Squadron</name>
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      <tag tagId="39">
        <name>air gunner</name>
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      <tag tagId="254">
        <name>aircrew</name>
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      <tag tagId="57">
        <name>Anson</name>
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      <tag tagId="1466">
        <name>Berlin Campaign (23 August 1943 – 25 March 1944)</name>
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      <tag tagId="282">
        <name>bomb aimer</name>
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      <tag tagId="117">
        <name>bombing</name>
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      <tag tagId="119">
        <name>bombing of Hamburg (24-31 July 1943)</name>
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      <tag tagId="911">
        <name>Cook’s tour</name>
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      <tag tagId="351">
        <name>Heavy Conversion Unit</name>
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      <tag tagId="2">
        <name>Lancaster</name>
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      <tag tagId="175">
        <name>Manchester</name>
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      <tag tagId="576">
        <name>master bomber</name>
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      <tag tagId="174">
        <name>navigator</name>
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      <tag tagId="129">
        <name>observer</name>
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      <tag tagId="69">
        <name>Operation Dodge (1945)</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="37">
        <name>Operation Manna (29 Apr – 8 May 1945)</name>
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      <tag tagId="63">
        <name>Operational Training Unit</name>
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      <tag tagId="279">
        <name>Oxford</name>
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      <tag tagId="47">
        <name>Pathfinders</name>
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      <tag tagId="453">
        <name>RAF Bardney</name>
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      <tag tagId="1145">
        <name>RAF Barford St John</name>
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      <tag tagId="391">
        <name>RAF Swinderby</name>
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      <tag tagId="368">
        <name>RAF Upper Heyford</name>
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      <tag tagId="234">
        <name>RAF Upwood</name>
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      <tag tagId="435">
        <name>RAF Warboys</name>
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      <tag tagId="242">
        <name>RAF Wyton</name>
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      <tag tagId="1639">
        <name>SAAF Oudtshoorn</name>
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      <tag tagId="182">
        <name>Tiger Moth</name>
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      <tag tagId="172">
        <name>training</name>
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      <tag tagId="54">
        <name>Wellington</name>
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