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                <text>Early life in Australia. Joined RAAF in July 1942. Trained in Australia finally as wireless operator/air gunner. Further training in United Kingdom and eventually posted to 467 Squadron. Reported missing on 16 July 1944. Some details of sortie and collision with another Lancaster over Lignieres-De-Touraine, France. </text>
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                <text>Navigator’s, air bomber’s and air gunner’s flying log book for W Sparkes, flight engineer, covering the period from 30 August 1943 to 20 April 1952. Detailing his flying training, operations flown, instructor duties and post war flying with number 5 Ferry Pool, 241 Operational Conversion Unit, and 297, 53, 511 Squadrons. He was stationed at RAF St Athan, RAF Topcliffe, RAF Tholthorpe, RAF Croft, RAF Husbands Bosworth, RAF Bruntingthorpe, RAF Cottesmore, RAF Silloth, RAF Edzell, RAF Dishforth, RAF Schleswiglande and RAF Lyneham. Aircraft flown in were Halifax, Wellington, Lancaster, Lincoln, Fairchild, Warwick, Dakota, Anson, Dominie, Mosquito and Hastings. He flew a total of 36 operations with 431 Squadron, 34 night and 2 daylight. Targets were Düsseldorf, Leipzig, Frankfurt, Berlin, Trappes, Le Mans, Brest, Amiens, Courtrai, Vaires, Karlsruhe, Essen, Somain, Saint Ghislain, St Valery, Boulogne, Calais, Merville, Conde-sur-Noireau, Arras, Wizernes, Biennais, Bremont, Donges, Hamburg, Foret de Nieppe and &lt;span&gt;Saint-Leu-d'Esserent&lt;/span&gt;. His pilot on operations was Flying Officer Badgery.</text>
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                  <text>42 items. The collection concerns William Redding (b. 1907, 1852346 Royal Air Force) and contains his log book, correspondence, propaganda leaflets, documents, objects, gun sight cine film and photographs. He flew operations as an air gunner with 626 Squadron.&#13;
&#13;
The collection was loaned to the IBCC Digital Archive for digitisation by Robert Redding and catalogued by Nigel Huckins.</text>
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                <text>W Redding’s Royal Air Force Observer’s and Air Gunner’s Flying Log Book</text>
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                <text>W Redding’s Royal Air Force Observer’s and Air Gunner’s Flying Log Book from 6th June 1943 until 11th August 19444. During this time he trained as an air gunner. Posted to 9 Advanced Flying Unit, 28 Operational Training Unit, 1481 Gunnery Flight and 1667 Conversion Unit for training. Operational posting to 626 Squadron in November 1943. After completion of tour, posted to 30 Operational Training Unit in August 1944.&#13;
&#13;
Served at RAF Binbrook, RAF Faldingworth, RAF Wickenby, RAF Seighford.&#13;
&#13;
Aircraft flown were Anson, Wellington, Lancaster I, Lancaster III.&#13;
&#13;
He flew 33 bombing operations with 626 Squadron as an air gunner. His targets were Modane, Berlin, Mannheim, Stettin, Brunswick, Magdeburg, Leipzig, Schweinfurt, Augsburg, Frankfurt, Nuremberg, Aachen, Rouen, Cologne, Dusseldorf, Karlsruhe, Essen, Bruz, Merville, Hasselt, Orleans, Duisburg, Dortmund, Tergnier.&#13;
&#13;
His pilots were Warrant Officer Wright, Pilot Officer Rew and Flight Sergeant Bennet.&#13;
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The collection concerns Flight Lieutenant WR Pete Perry DFC (1923 - 2006, 1317696, 146323 Royal Air Force) and contains his log books, photographs, correspondence, memoirs and documents. He flew operations as a pilot with 106 Squadron.&#13;
&#13;
The collection has been donated to the IBCC Digital Archive by Helen Verity and catalogued by Nigel Huckins. </text>
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&#13;
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                  <text>Didcote, William George</text>
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                <text>W G Didcote’s South African Air Force observer’s or air gunner’s log book</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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            <description>Temporal characteristics of the resource.</description>
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                <text>1942</text>
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                <text>1943</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="554270">
                <text>1944-02-15</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="554271">
                <text>1944-02-16</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="554272">
                <text>1944-02-19</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="554273">
                <text>1944-02-20</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="554274">
                <text>1944-02-21</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="554275">
                <text>1944-03-15</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="554276">
                <text>1944-03-16</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="554277">
                <text>1944-03-30</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="554278">
                <text>1944-03-31</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="554279">
                <text>1944-04-10</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="554280">
                <text>1944-04-11</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="554281">
                <text>1944-04-12</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="554282">
                <text>1944-04-18</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="554283">
                <text>1944-04-19</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="554284">
                <text>1944-04-20</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="554285">
                <text>1944-04-21</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="554286">
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              <elementText elementTextId="554288">
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              <elementText elementTextId="554289">
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              <elementText elementTextId="554290">
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              <elementText elementTextId="554291">
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              <elementText elementTextId="554292">
                <text>1944-05-02</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="554293">
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              <elementText elementTextId="554294">
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              <elementText elementTextId="554295">
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              <elementText elementTextId="554308">
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                <text>1944-07-08</text>
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                <text>1945</text>
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                <text>Belgium</text>
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                <text>France--Dreux</text>
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                <text>France--Laon</text>
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                <text>France--Lisieux</text>
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                <text>France--Nantes</text>
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                <text>France--Watten</text>
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                <text>Germany--Aachen</text>
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                <text>Germany--Berlin</text>
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                <text>France--Cap Gris Nez</text>
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                <text>France--Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines</text>
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                <text>Royal Air Force</text>
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                <text>Royal Air Force. Bomber Command</text>
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                <text>eng</text>
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                <text>Text</text>
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                <text>Text. Log book and record book</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="554371">
                <text>One booklet</text>
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                <text>IBCC Digital Archive</text>
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                <text>This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.</text>
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                <text>Mike Connock</text>
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                <text>Cara Walmsley</text>
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                <text>LDidcoteWG574095v1</text>
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                <text>South African Air Force observer’s or air gunner’s log book for W G Didcote, covering the period from 15 December 1942 to 9 November 1945. Detailing his flying training, operations flown, instructor duties and duties with 90, 186, 218 and 83 Squadrons. He was stationed at SAAF Oudtshoorn, SAAF Port Alfred, RAF Millom, RAF Silverstone, RAF Wratting Common, RAF Waterbeach, RAF Witchford, RAF Chedburgh, RAF Manby, RAF Tuddenham, RAF Stradishall and RAF Coningsby. Aircraft flown in were Tutor, Botha, Anson, Oxford, Tiger Moth, Wellington, Stirling and Lancaster. He flew a total of 32 operations with 115 Squadron. His pilots on operations were Flight Sergeant Carter, Flight Sergeant Gibson, Pilot Officer Rowe-Evans, and Pilot Officer Atkin. Targets were Berlin, Leipzig, Stuttgart, Nuremberg, Laon, Aachen, Rouen, Cologne, Düsseldorf, Essen, Friedrichshafen, Chambly, Cap Gris Nez, Courtrai, Le Mans, Duisburg, Dortmund, Trappes, Ouistreham, Lisieux, Paris, Dreux, Nantes, Le Havre, Valenciennes, L’Hey, Watten, Vaires and Nucourt. He also flew one Operation Exodus flight and one Operation Dodge flight.</text>
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            <name>Conforms To</name>
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                <text>Review Oct 2024</text>
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        <name>Berlin Campaign (23 August 1943 – 25 March 1944)</name>
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        <name>Lancaster Mk 3</name>
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        <name>Me 110</name>
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        <name>navigator</name>
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        <name>Operation Dodge (1945)</name>
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        <name>Operation Exodus (1945)</name>
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                  <text>Williams, Ronald George</text>
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                  <text>Five items. Collection concerns Flight Sergeant Ronald Williams who flew operations as a wireless operator on Wellington of 150 Squadron in North Africa and Italy. Collection contains photographs and a biography. &#13;
&#13;
The collection was licensed to the IBCC Digital Archive for digitisation by Dr Steve Bond and catalogued by Nigel Huckins. &#13;
&#13;
This collection was provided, in digital form, by a third-party organisation which used technical specifications and operational protocols that may differ from those used by the IBCC Digital Archive.</text>
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                  <text>2022-01-18</text>
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                <elementText elementTextId="809857">
                  <text>This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.</text>
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                <text>To war in a Wimpy - the life and times of Flight Sergeant Ron Williams RAF</text>
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                <text>Biography of Ron Williams. Contains photographs and scans of documents.&#13;
Chapter 1 - early life, enlistment and training. &#13;
Chapter 2 - operational training. Describes activities during training OTU including naming his crew and flying out to Tunisia,&#13;
Chapter 3 relates his experiences of operations on 150 squadron including flight out to Tunisia and a history of 150 Squadron. Describes in detail eighteen operations against targets in Italy and France giving details of targets and losses. Includes photographs and documents. Moved to  Cerignola 3 (Torretta) in Italy. Describes living conditions and activities there. Continues description of operations against targets in Italy, Bulgaria and Yugoslavia.&#13;
Chapter 4 - another sort of flying. Admitted to hospital after his eighteenth operation. Tells of his move to 216 Squadron at Heliopolis, Egypt and subsequent flying in various aircraft with  2 Ferry Unit at Gebel Hamzi, Egypt then 10 Staging Post at Cairo West. Mentions other flying after December 1944. Then describes briefly post war career and family life.&#13;
Appendix A - Flying Summary from log book. Includes fates of aircraft he flew.&#13;
Appendix B - miscellaneous documents.&#13;
Appendix C - glossary of Royal Air Force terms and slang.</text>
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                  <text>Nine items. An oral history interview with Stan Bradford DFM (1923 - 2017, 2216040 Royal Air Force) also includes his flying log book, service and release document, investiture ticket, newspaper cuttings and squadron photograph. He flew operations as a mid-upper gunner from RAF Scampton. &#13;
The collection has been loaned to the IBCC Digital Archive for digitisation by Stanley Bradford and Matt Ashamall and catalogued by Nigel Huckins.&#13;
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This item was sent to the IBCC Digital Archive already in digital form: no better quality copies are available.</text>
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                  <text>Mathers, Ronald</text>
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                  <text>20 items. The collection concerns Wing Commander Ronald Mathers DFC (55201 Royal Air Force) and consists of his log books, photographs, correspondence, his decorations, and copies of two letters from Dwight Eisenhower to Sir Arthur Harris. Ronald Mathers completed a tour of operations as a pilot with 9 Squadron from RAF Bardney. After the war he took part in victory flypasts and a Goodwill tour of the United States with 35 Squadron. The collection also contains a scrapbook of the Goodwill Tour to the United States.&#13;
&#13;
The collection has been loaned to the IBCC Digital Archive for digitisation by Heidi Peace and Ingrid Peters, and catalogued by Barry Hunter.</text>
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                  <text>This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. Some items have not been published in order to protect the privacy of third parties, to comply with intellectual property regulations, or have been assessed as medium or low priority according to the IBCC Digital Archive collection policy and will therefore be published at a later stage. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal, https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/collection-policy.</text>
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              <text>[Partial transcription]&#13;
&#13;
[Underlined] ADDITONAL DETAILS RELEVANT TO BERLIN OPERATIONS RECORDED ON THIS AND OTHER ADDED PAGES ARE TAKEN FROM ALAN W. COOPERS’ BOOK “BOMBERS OVER BERLIN” FIRST PUBLISHED IN 1985 AND SUB TITLED “THE RAF OFFENSIVE NOV 43 – MAR ’44. [/underlined]&#13;
&#13;
[Underlined] 16/17th DEC (The 6th raid of the offensive). [/underlined] Total of 418 Lancs &amp; 9 Mosquitoes on a direct route from Ijmuiden on Dutch coast, due East to target with return north over Denmark. Fuel load normally 1750 galls. T.O.T. 2100hrs 10/10th Cloud. Wanganui marking. 25 a/c lost including two from 9 Sqn. P/O Black &amp; crew + P/O Blayden &amp; crew (all killed). Another 31 crashed on return due to adverse weather (low cloud &amp; poor visibility).&#13;
&#13;
[Underlined] 23/24th DEC (7th raid). [/underlined] 326 lancs, 6 Halifax, 6 Mosquitoes on a southern route (Ijmuiden, Aachen skirting Frankfurt, Leipzig + NNE to Δ) with return roughly due west skirting Osnabrϋck. [Inserted] TOT approx. 4.30. [/inserted] Attack was scattered due mainly to H2S U/S. and a total of 1281 tons of bombs were dropped for a loss of 15 a/c (4%) with another 32 damaged.&#13;
&#13;
[Underlined] 29/30th Dec (8th raid). [/underlined] 457 Lancs, 252 Halifax, 3 Mosquito on a direct route from Hornsea to just north of Leipzig (approx. 110°) then NNE to Berlin and roughly due west back from north of the city. Weather over Δ expected to be 10/10th cloud tops at 4000’ &amp; winds of 80mph at 25,000’. Diversionary attacks made on Magdeburg &amp; Leipzig. 9 Lancs &amp; 9 Halifax lost (2.8% of total) &amp; 104 damaged (most losses by fighters). (This attack was the 94th raid on Berlin since 1940). Total bombs dropped = 1099 tons HE + 1215 tons Incendiary making a total for the “Battle of Berlin” of 14074 tons and involving 3646 a/c dispatched to Δ.&#13;
&#13;
[Page break]&#13;
&#13;
[Underlined] DETAILS FROM “BOMBERS OVER BERLIN” CONTINUED. (Added in December 1985) [/underlined]&#13;
&#13;
[Underlined]1/2nd JAN (9th Raid). [/underlined] 421 Lancs involved. T/O delayed over 4 hours unril after 23.00hrs by deteriorating weather which gave variable layered cloud increasing to 10/10th over Berlin. Marking sparse &amp; widespread but 9 Sqn thought it good. Route out almost due east and back well south on Cologne via Le Tréport to English south coast. 28 Lancs lost (6.7%) inc P/O Ward of 9 Sqn for total tonnage 1400. Heavy snow fell during and after return.&#13;
&#13;
[Underlined] 2/3rd Jan (10th Raid) [/underlined] All available on snow clearing prior to T/O. 383 a/c but 72 returned early due to mistaken recall signal. Route out over Southwold to north of Δ and back slightly south of outward route. Heavy flak over Berlin. 27 lost.&#13;
&#13;
[Underlined] 20/21 Jan (11th Raid and heaviest so far). [/underlined] 769 a/c. on northerly route out over Kiel canal, then between Hamburg and Lϋbeck and landfall over Schleswig-Holstein heading south for Berlin. Weather similar to forecast of 10/10th cloud over Δ and fine on return. 2400 tons dropped causing widespread damage, over 700 casualties and 10,000 homeless. 35 a/c lost (13 Lancs, 22 Halifax), 18 known due to fighter attack and 8 to flak damage.&#13;
&#13;
[Underlined] 27/28th Jan (12th Raid) [/underlined] I was not on this operation in which 9 Sqn lost F/L James (aged 19) and 4 crew, with 3 becoming POW. Total losses were 32a/c.&#13;
&#13;
[Underlined] 28/29th Jan (13th Raid [/underlined] &amp; slightly unlucky for us although we didn’t realise it at the time). Total of 682 a/c inc 432 Lancs. T/o around midnight. Route out past Heligoland &amp; over Denmark, then SE to Δ and return same way. Considerable Flak reported &amp; losses 43. Considered a most effective raid with fires &amp; explosions seen from beyond Baltic coast.&#13;
&#13;
[Underlined] 30/31st Jan (14th Raid) [/underlined] 540 a/c on route over Denmark &amp; approaching Berlin from NW, then out southwest for short leg before turning west &amp; returning over Holland. TOT 20.15-20.30. 26 fighter combats recorded over Δ. 32 a/c lost plus 5 crashed or ditched on return.&#13;
&#13;
[Page break]&#13;
&#13;
[Underlined] 15/16th Feb(15th Raid) [/underlined] Total of 891 a/c (including 561 Lancs, 314 Halifax &amp; 16 Mosquitoes), the largest force ever despatched to the ‘Big City’, plus 24 Lancs to Frankfurt and Mosquito attacks on 7 night fighter airfields. T/O between 5 &amp; 6pm with return about midnight for a northerly route out over Denmark. Heavy flak experienced, particularly over enemy coast and the target. 42 a/c lost plus 4 crashed on return. 2642 tons dropped in 39 minutes.&#13;
&#13;
19/20 Feb. LEIPZIG. [underlined] 78 [/underlined] lost (out of 800 – the second highest loss of the whole “Battle of Berlin”)&#13;
&#13;
[Page break]&#13;
&#13;
Frankfurt – The Raid on 22/23 March ‘44&#13;
&#13;
816 aircraft took part – 620 Lancasters, 184 Halifaxes and 12 Mosquitoes. An indirect routes [sic] was used crossing the Dutch coast north of the Zuider Zee and then due south to Frankfurt. This, and a minelaying diversion at Kiel, confused the Germans for quite some time. Hannover being forecast as the main target. A few fighters eventually found the Bombers.&#13;
&#13;
The marking and bombing was accurate and damage being more severe than in the raid 4 nights previous. There was severe damage to the industrial areas along the main road to Mainz. All parts of the city were hit but the full force of the attack fell in the districts to the west.&#13;
&#13;
33 aircraft were lost on this raid – 26 Lancasters and 7 Halifaxes. 4.0% of force lost.&#13;
&#13;
Further interesting facts:-&#13;
&#13;
162 B-17s of the Eighth Air Force used Frankfurt as a secondary target when they could not reach Schweinfurt 36 hours after this RAF raid, further damage was caused.&#13;
&#13;
The three raids of the 18th, 22nd and 24th March were carried out by a combined plan of the British and American air forces and their combined effect was to deal the worst and most fateful blow of the war to Frankfurt.&#13;
&#13;
[Page break]&#13;
&#13;
[Obscured text] concentrated between 10.25 and 10.43pm, but it started early and spread over an hour and many early aircraft (including mine) overshot the target on the first run and had to go round again, while others, even earlier, had to orbit &amp; await the TI’s. The scatter caused by the wind broadened the stream from the planned few miles to 180 miles at the Baltic coast &amp; resulted in many aircraft flying over defended areas. Losses were high at 72 (8.9%), of which at least 45 were due to flak, plus 5 crashed on return.&#13;
&#13;
[Underlined] SUMMARY: [/underlined] The Battle of Berlin between 18 Nov ’43 &amp; 24/25 March ’44 totalled 16 raids involving over 9000 sorties (1/3rd of total BC sorties in the period) with a tonnage of 30,800 bombs dropped and achieved the devastation of 5500 acres of the city at a cost of 569 a/c lost or crashed and 2938 aircrew killed. This compares with a total of 255 raids, 20407 sorties, 45515 tons of bombs and 870 a/c missing during the entire war against Berlin 1940-45 inc.&#13;
&#13;
[Page break]&#13;
&#13;
[Underlined] 24/25th March (16th + final raid [/underlined] of the “Battle of Berlin” and the last large scale attack by BC.) This raid was delayed from 21st Mar by unsuitable weather. 811 a/c took part with 147 other from OUT’s on diversions. Weather was forecast as variable medium cloud with clear skies above and light northerly winds. In fact, winds were over 100mph from the north and this was not appreciated until late on, if at all with the result that navigation went hay-wire and aircraft were, literally, as newspaper headlines recorded the next day, but with a different meaning, “out all over Germany”. The route ran down to Berlin from the NW and the attack was planned to be concentrated between 10.25 and 10.43pm, but it started early and spread over an hour and many early aircraft (including mine) overshot the target on the first run and had to go round again, while others, even earlier, had to orbit &amp; await the TI’s. The scatter caused by the wind broadened the stream from the planned few miles to 180 miles at the Baltic coast &amp; resulted in many aircraft flying over defended areas. Losses were high at 72 (8.9%), of which at least 45 were due to flak, plus 5 crashed on return.&#13;
&#13;
[Underlined] SUMMARY: [/underlined] The Battle of Berlin between 18 Nov ’43 &amp; 24/25 March ’44 totalled 16 raids involving over 9000 sorties (1/3rd of total BC sorties in the period) with a tonnage of 30,800 bombs dropped and achieved the devastation of 5500 acres of the city at a cost of 569 a/c lost or crashed and 2938 aircrew killed. This compares with a total of 255 raids, 20407 sorties, 45515 tons of bombs and 870 a/c missing during the entire war against Berlin 1940-45 inc.&#13;
&#13;
[Page break]&#13;
&#13;
The aircraft was then put on disposal until ATA pilot [obscured] it to deliver to the squadron. The Erks got a shock when [obscured] women collected these planes and flew them as good as any male pilot.&#13;
&#13;
Then one day, we were all hauled out to put the black and white stripes on our aircraft. We were all half asleep slapping the paint on the wings and tail ends, ready for the invasion of France. &#13;
&#13;
We were allowed knitting wool without coupons in air force blue – good job mum was a good knitter as she knitted me stockings to wear under the battle dress, jumpers and gloves which I could wear whilst filling the aircraft. Also a balaclava to keep my cars [sic] warm.&#13;
&#13;
Aircraft in disposal were often covered in snow when ATA come to collect, which meant you used a rope one each side of the wing and tired [sic] to pull it to the win [sic] tip. It makes me shiver now to think how we coped with the winters in Scotland.&#13;
&#13;
Having to fly with the aircraft you signed for and serviced. We lost 3 airmen from our site which were shot down over the North Sea. Thank god us girls all survived flying.&#13;
&#13;
Leaving – Innes House&#13;
&#13;
Getting back from the airfield one day we had a notice telling us we were being moved again. We gathered all our gear and &#13;
&#13;
[Page break]&#13;
&#13;
BERLIN – 24/25th March 1944&#13;
&#13;
811 Aircraft – 577 Lancasters, 216 Halifaxes and 18 Mosquitoes. 72 Aircraft – 44 Lancaster and 28 Halifaxes lost. 8.9&amp; of force.&#13;
&#13;
The night became known in Bomber Command as ‘the night of the strong winds’. At every stage of the flight a powerful wind from the north carried Bombers south. This wind was not forecast accurately and it was so strong that various methods available to warn crews of wind change during the flight failed to detect the full strength of it. The Bomber stream became very scattered, particularly on the home flight and Radar-predicted Flak batteries at many places were able to score successes. Some of the Bomber force even strayed over the Ruhr defences on the return flight. Approximately 50 of the 72 aircraft lost were destroyed by Flak, most of the remainder being victims of night fighters. A Berlin report says that 14 Bombers were shot down by fighters in the target area.&#13;
&#13;
The strong winds caused difficulties in the marking at Berlin with markers being carried beyond the target to the south west of the city. 126 small towns and villages outside Berlin recorded bombs. The majority of the damage in Berlin was in south western districts.&#13;
&#13;
No industrial concerns were classed as destroyed but several important ones damaged. 5 military establishments were hit badly including the depot on the Waffen-SS. Leibstandarte Adolf Hitler Division in Lichterfelde.&#13;
&#13;
This was the last major RAF raid on Berlin during the war, but the city was to be bombed many times by small forces of Mosquitoes.&#13;
&#13;
Details of the Berlin Raid from the Bomber Command War Diaries by Martin Middlebrook and Chris Everitt.</text>
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                <text>Ronald Mathers pilots flying log book. One</text>
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                <text>This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.</text>
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                <text>Pilots flying log book for Ronald Mathers covering the period from 8 May 1942 to 30 September 1944. Detailing his flying training, operations flown and instructor duties. He was stationed at RAF Sywell, RAF De Winton, RAF Swift Current, RAF Harrogate, RAF Shawbury, RAF Castle Donington, RAF Turweston, RAF Silverstone, RAF Morton Hall, RAF Winthorpe, RAF Bardney, RAF Lulsgate Bottom and RAF Swinderby. Aircraft flown were, Tiger Moth (DH82), Stearman, Oxford, Anson Wellington, Lancaster and Stirling. He flew a total of 30 night operations with 9 squadron. Targets were Berlin, Frankfurt, Braunschweig, Leipzig, Stuttgart, Marignane, Essen, Nuremburg, Schweinfurt, St, Medard en Jalles, Toulouse, Mailly le Camp, Brest, Lille, Bourg Leopold, Tours, Duisburg and Brunswick. His first or second pilots on operations were Pilot Officer Turnbull, Sergeant Ryan, Flying Officer Reeve, Flight Sergeant Redfern and Pilot Officer Campbell. The log book also contains hand written and typed printed notes of the 11 operations carried out to Berlin. Also contains four photographs of crew members, bomb aimer ‘Doc’ Brown, navigator ‘Tom Cave, wireless operator ‘Jock’ Donaldson and rear gunner ‘Nobby’ Bartlett.</text>
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                  <text>Creamer, Robert Arthur</text>
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                  <text>R A Creamer</text>
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                  <text>2015-10-01</text>
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                  <text>This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.</text>
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                  <text>Creamer, RA</text>
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                  <text>Ten items. The collection concerns Robert Creamer (1818388 Royal Air Force) and contains his log book, memoir and photographs. He flew operations as an air gunner from RAF Grimsby.&#13;
The collection has been donated to the IBCC Digital Archive by Robert Creamer and catalogued by Barry Hunter.</text>
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              <text>[underlined] 1 [/underlined]&#13;
DATE.&#13;
[underlined] 16-8-1943 E. ED610. P/O WALES, 1662 HCU BLYTON – SEA SEARCH [/underlined]&#13;
Search for missing aircraft and crews in the North Sea off the German Coast after mining operation of German shipping lanes. Nothing found.&#13;
4.30 HOURS.&#13;
[underlined] 22-9-1943 J2 DV 162. W/Cdr McINTYRE, D.F.C. F/LT MAJOR, MID. – HANOVER [/underlined]&#13;
Primary target bombed at 21-31 hrs from 20,000 feet. Fires seen catching hold. Some of the best red fires yet seen. Photo plotted 5 min. 148o heading East.&#13;
26 Aircraft lost.&#13;
5.50 HOURS&#13;
[underlined] 23-9-1943 J2 DV 162. F/LT MAJOR. M.I.D. – MANNHEIM [/underlined]&#13;
Primary target bombed at 22.10 hrs from 17,500 feet. Big red fires concentrated on east side of river.&#13;
32 Aircraft lost&#13;
7.5 HOURS.&#13;
[underlined] 27-9-1943 J2 DV 162. F/LT MAJOR. MID – HANOVER [/underlined]&#13;
Primary target bombed at 22.19 hrs from 19,500 feet. PFF Target Indicators fell south of target. Just after leaving the target I saw a B17 Flying Fortress diving at an angle of about 45o firing at an ME 109 which was firing at the B17. The B17 did not attempt to evade the fighter. Confirmed by the Air Gunners.&#13;
39 Aircraft lost.&#13;
6.10 HOURS.&#13;
[page break]&#13;
[underlined] 2 [/underlined]&#13;
DATE.&#13;
[underlined] 29-9-1943 J2 DV 162 F/LT MAJOR MID – BOCHUM [/underlined]&#13;
Primary target bombed at 20-57 hrs from 20,000 feet. Fires seen with smoke up to 6,000 feet.&#13;
9 Aircraft lost.&#13;
5.00 HOURS&#13;
[underlined] 1-10-1943 J2 DV 162 F/LT MAJOR MID – HAGEN [/underlined]&#13;
Primary target bombed at 21-05 hrs from 19,000 feet. Sky marking seemed called for. Quiet trip. No fighters&#13;
2 Aircraft lost.&#13;
5.45 HOURS&#13;
[underlined] 2-10-1943 J2 DV 162. F/LT MAJOR M.I.D. – MUNICH [/underlined]&#13;
Primary target bombed at 22-37 hrs from 20,000 feet. A good trip. Fires seen to be taking hold and very concentrated. Fires visible up to 100 miles on return journey.&#13;
8 Aircraft lost. 7.45 HOURS&#13;
[newspaper cutting entitled 25 MINUTES OF HELL] RAID ON [underlined] 2nd OCT. 1943 [/underlined]&#13;
[page break]&#13;
[underlined] 3 [/underlined]&#13;
DATE&#13;
[underlined] 4-10-1943 J2 DV 162 F/LT MAJOR. MID. – MANHEIM [underlined] [inserted] + LUDWIGSHAFEN. [/inserted]&#13;
[underlined] PRIMARY TARGET – FRANKFURT&#13;
DIVERSIONARY TARGET – MANNHEIM [/underlined]&#13;
Diversionary target bombed as briefed at 21-33 hrs from 18,500 feet. Very quiet trip. Good fires burning. Photo plotted as Aiming Point. Heading East.&#13;
Diversionary target – No Aircraft lost&#13;
Primary target – 11 Aircraft lost.&#13;
6.10 HOURS&#13;
[underlined] 7-10-1943 N DV 306. F/LT MAJOR. MID. – STUTTGART [/underlined]&#13;
Primary target bombed at 00-15 hrs from 20,000 feet. Left 4 separate fires burning. Double lane of fighter flares on run in to target. Coned by searchlights on bombing run. Fired the colours of the day and escaped by violent evasive action.&#13;
4 Aircraft lost.&#13;
7.10 HOURS&#13;
[underlined] 8-10-1943 N. DV 306 F/LT MAJOR. MID. – HANOVER [/underlined]&#13;
Primary target bombed at 01-38 hrs from 20,000 feet. Bombed red target indicators to south of main body of fires. Defences difficult between Osnabruck and Munster.&#13;
27 Aircraft lost.&#13;
4.40 HOURS&#13;
[page break]&#13;
[underlined] 4 [/underlined]&#13;
DATE&#13;
[underlined] 20-10-1943 N. DV 306. F/LT MAJOR. MID – LEIPZIG. [/underlined]&#13;
Primary target bombed at 21.05 hrs from 20,000 feet. Bombed red flare with green stars on ETA. Hit by flak in Mid-Upper gun turret. Returned on 3 engines.&#13;
16 Aircraft lost.&#13;
6.30 HOURS&#13;
[underlined] 22-10-1943 N. DV 306 F/LT MAJOR. MID – KASSEL [/underlined]&#13;
Primary target bombed at 21-12 hrs from 20,000 feet. Good attack. A shaky return over the North Sea at 53.48 N, 0200 E. Port inner and starboard outer engines cut out together at 4,500 feet causing a vertical dive to 2,300 feet. Returned on 2 engines. IFF used on emergency position. Both engines had iced up together while flying through cloud. The aircraft was flying on Automatic Pilot at the time as the Pilot was standing in the gangway with the Flight Engineer trying to recover from a severe attack of cramp in his thigh. He returned to his seat quickly and pulled the aircraft out of the dive with the assistance of the Flight Engineer.&#13;
43 Aircraft lost.&#13;
5.50 HOURS&#13;
[underlined] 3-11-1943 N. DV 306. F/LT MAJOR. MID. – DUSSELDORF [/underlined]&#13;
Bombed primary target at 19-46 hrs from 20,000 feet. Incendiaries taking hold from North to South. Fires seen at the Dutch Coast on the return journey.&#13;
18 Aircraft lost.&#13;
3.40 HOURS&#13;
[page break]&#13;
[underlined] 5 [/underlined]&#13;
[underlined] JB 604 WAS A BRAND NEW LANCASTER WHICH, WE WERE INFORMED, HAD BEEN PURCHASED BY THE RESIDENTS OF GRIMSBY FOLLOWING A “WINGS FOR VICTORY” APPEAL IN THE TOWN. [/underlined]&#13;
DATE&#13;
[underlined] 18-11-1943 J. JB 604 F/LT MAJOR. MID. – BERLIN [/underlined]&#13;
Primary target bombed at 21-12 hrs from 22,000 feet. Bombed on H2S. Large explosion seen at 21-14 hrs. Hit by flak at BOSSUM. Calculated that we were running short of fuel and adjusted throttles and mixture control to give maximum fuel economy. Landed back at Waltham safely. Fuel tanks registered “EMPTY” when dipped.&#13;
9 Aircraft lost.&#13;
8.30 HOURS&#13;
[underlined] 22-11-1943 J JB 604 F/LT MAJOR. MID. – BERLIN [/underlined]&#13;
Primary target bombed at 20-02 hrs from 21,000 feet. Violent reddish/yellow explosion seen at 20-03 hrs in target area. At 20-08 hrs a column of dense smoke seen rising to 8/10,000 feet. Consider attack to be very satisfactory. Hit by flak which damaged the Bomb-aimer’s panel.&#13;
26 Aircraft lost plus 6 aircraft crashed in England.&#13;
5.55 HOURS&#13;
[underlined] 2-12-1943 J. JB 604 – F/LT MAJOR. MID. – BERLIN [/underlined]&#13;
Primary target bombed at 20.15 hrs from 29,000 feet. Area of about 4 x 8 miles seemed to be burning well to the east and south of the target. Hit by Flak. Just before we reached Hanover on the return journey a Lancaster flew over us from the Starboard Quarter to the Port Bow. Just after he passed over us the rear gunner fired at us but fortunately the tracer passed just over the top of us. The skipper immediately dived to port and got us out of danger 40 Aircraft lost.&#13;
6.55 HOURS&#13;
[page break]&#13;
[underlined] 6 [/underlined]&#13;
DATE&#13;
[underlined] 3-12-1943 J JB 604. F/LT MAJOR. MID. – LEIPZIG [/underlined]&#13;
Primary target bombed at 04-08 hrs from 21,000 feet. Saw vivid red explosion at 04.07 hrs and after leaving the target saw smoke up to 12,000 feet. The fires were visible for 200 miles from the target. Photoflash U/S.&#13;
24 Aircraft lost.&#13;
7.20 HOURS&#13;
[underlined] Aircraft letter changed from “J” to “S”. [/underlined]&#13;
[underlined] 16-12-1943 S. JB 604. F/LT MAJOR. MID – BERLIN. [/underlined]&#13;
Primary target bombed at 20.01 hrs from 21,000 feet. Cloud too thick to observe results. Judging by the large number of photoflashes seen the concentration was excellent. We were the first aircraft to land back at Waltham. 4 Lancasters crashed in collisions in the circuit at Waltham due to very low cloud and poor visibility. As we were taxying to dispersal S/Ldr Bell arrived back, saw the burning wreckage, realised the danger and called up on the R/T to flying control – “”O” Oboe going out to sea” where he remained until everyone else had landed before landing himself. &#13;
25 Aircraft lost + 34 Aircraft lost over England.&#13;
7.10 HOURS&#13;
[underlined] 20-12-1943 S. JB 604. F/LT MAJOR MID. – FRANKFURT [/underlined]&#13;
Primary target bombed at 19-44 hrs from 20,000 feet. Very few Target Indicators seen. The only TI’s seen were well placed and the attack seemed to be a success.&#13;
41 aircraft lost.&#13;
5.20 HOURS&#13;
[page break]&#13;
[underlined] 7 [/underlined]&#13;
Date.&#13;
[underlined] 23-12-1943 S. JB 604. F/LT MAJOR. MID – BERLIN [/underlined]&#13;
A few seconds after taking off at midnight the aircraft shuddered noticeably and icy draughts of air blew round the inside of the aircraft. The Mid-Upper Gunner looked through the inspection panel into the bomb bay and discovered that the 4,000 lb bomb had fallen from its mountings and dropped onto the bomb doors forcing them partially open. At that time we were flying at 300 feet over the centre of Grimsby. The residents were lucky that the bomb doors held; otherwise there would have been considerable damage to the town and many casualties. It would also have blown our aircraft out of the sky. The 4,000 lb bomb was dropped into the North Sea at 53-35 N 00.05 W at 00.15 hrs from 3,500 feet. We then flew round for an hour to lighten the fuel load before landing safely at Waltham.&#13;
The bomb doors were damaged in the incident.&#13;
16 Aircraft lost.&#13;
1.10 HOURS&#13;
[underlined] 5-1-1944 S. JB 604. F/LT MAJOR. MID. – STETTIN. [/underlined]&#13;
F/O HAMILTON taken as second pilot to give him operational experience. Primary target bombed at 03.48 hrs from 20,000 feet. The defences were really tricked. Fighter flares not seen for 45 mins after our attack. A very good attack. No cloud, visibility very good. Photo plotted 1 3/4 miles 165o heading E. Ground covered by snow. The streets of Stettin were clearly visible. Route Demark, Sweden and the Baltic – return same route.&#13;
16 Aircraft lost&#13;
8.10 HOURS&#13;
[page break]&#13;
[underlined] 8 [/underlined]&#13;
Date.&#13;
[underlined] 14-1-1944 S. JB 604. F/LT MAJOR MID. – BRUNSWICK [/underlined]&#13;
Primary target bombed at 19-15 hrs from 21,000 feet. Bombing rather scattered. Fighters active and the trip was not as easy as expected.&#13;
38 Aircraft lost.&#13;
4.50 HOURS&#13;
[underlined] 20-1-1944 S. JB 604. F/LT MAJOR MID. – BERLIN [/underlined]&#13;
[underlined] 100th OPERATION BY 100 SQUADRON. [/underlined]&#13;
Primary target bombed at 19-34 hrs from 21,000 feet. PFF marking was accurate. While on our bombing run when a JU 88 appeared directly above us and flying on the same course and speed only 200 – 300 feet above. We completed the bombing run and then dived sideway and downwards rather rapidly.&#13;
Believed to be a successful attack.&#13;
35 Aircraft lost plus 2 crashed in England.&#13;
6.30 HOURS&#13;
[underlined] 21-1-1944 S. JB 604. F/LT MAJOR MID. – MAGDEBURG. [/underlined]&#13;
Primary target bombed at 23-04 hrs from 20,000 feet. H2S failed just before reaching target area. Camera failed. Route markers on track. Thin low cloud. Visibility above the cloud good. Most quiet and believed successful attack. PFF in the right place.&#13;
57 Aircraft lost.&#13;
7.05 HOURS&#13;
[page break]&#13;
[underlined] 9 [/underlined]&#13;
DATE.&#13;
[underlined] 27-1-1944 S. JB 604. F/LT MAJOR. MID. – BERLIN. [/underlined]&#13;
Our crew were Pathfinder Force Supporters on this raid. Our bomb load was high explosive only. Primary target bombed at 20.34 hrs from 20,000 feet. Fires seen 120 miles away on the return journey. Photo-flash hung up on release wire.&#13;
33 Aircraft lost.&#13;
7.55 HOURS&#13;
N.B. The role of PFF Supporters is described on pages 235 and 236 of the book “The Berlin Raids” by Martin Middlebrook&#13;
Ref:- ISBN 0-670-80697-8. PENGUIN BOOKS LTD.&#13;
I am unable to copy it here as it would be a breach of copyright.&#13;
[underlined] 28-1-1944 S. JB 604. F/LT MAJOR. MID. – BERLIN. [/underlined]&#13;
Our crew were PFF Supporters. Primary target bombed at 03-18 hr from 20,000 feet. Bombed centre of release point. Release point confirmed by H2S. Biggest explosion yet seen at 03-15 hrs followed by other explosions.&#13;
46 Aircraft lost plus 5 crashed in England.&#13;
6. 55 HOURS&#13;
[page break]&#13;
[underlined] 10 [/underlined]&#13;
DATE&#13;
[underlined] 30-1-1944 S. JB 604. F/LT MAJOR MID. – BERLIN. [/underlined]&#13;
Our crew were PFF Supporters. Primary target bombed at 20-21 hrs from 21,000 feet. Route very good. Difficult to assess result due to cloud and the colossal number of fighter flares over the target. Visibility very good at 21,000 feet. Camera unserviceable.&#13;
3 x 100 Squadron aircraft lost on this raid.&#13;
33 Aircraft lost.&#13;
5.55 HOURS&#13;
[underlined] 15-2-1944 S JB 604. F/LT MAJOR MID – BERLIN. [/underlined]&#13;
Our crew were PFF Supporters. Primary target bombed at 21-11 hrs from 21,000 feet. Red T.I.’s dropped at 21-11 hrs at release point. Release point flares at 21-12 hrs. Yellow T.I’s 21.12 1/2 hrs. H2S U/S. Ground defences appeared to be more accurate and more intense than usual.&#13;
43 Aircraft lost plus 5 crashed in England.&#13;
On this raid, the rear gunner, Sgt Fred Searle, became unconcious [sic] through lack of oxygen while we were climbing to operational height over the North Sea. I dragged him out of his turret and plugged him in to the oxygen point near the Elsan toilet where he recovered. I discovered that the oxygen economiser on the floor of the rear turret, on the starboard side, was blocked by ice. I by-passed the economiser got the rear gunner back into his turret and we completed the raid successfully. I used all the eight portable oxygen bottles in the aircraft in&#13;
[page break]&#13;
[underlined] 11 [/underlined]&#13;
15-2-1944 Contd. completing this task, which had to be carried out wearing 3 pairs of gloves as the outside temperature was minus 60o at 20,000 feet.&#13;
16-2-1944 Recommended for the DPM by Wing Commander Dilworth. Officer Commanding 100 Squadron, Grimsby&#13;
17-2-1944 Recommendation approved by Group Captain RAC Carter, Officer Commanding RAF Station Grimsby.&#13;
29-2-1944 Recommendation approved by Air Vice Marshall E.A.B. Rice. Air Officer Commanding No 1 Group. RAF.&#13;
6.10 HOURS&#13;
[underlined] 19-2-1944 S. JB 604. F/LT. MAJOR MID – LEIPZIG [/underlined]&#13;
Our crew were PFF Supporters. Primary target bombed at 03.25 hrs from 22,000 feet. Arrived over target early and bombed on H2S. After leaving the target the rear gunner saw red TI’s go down 30 seconds after we had bombed followed by lots of green T.I’s. Reflection of fires seen 40 miles away on return journey.&#13;
Reported seeing 3 Lancasters shot down.&#13;
W/O W.M. Mitchell replaced P/O I. Levene as Wop/AG on this raid as P/O Levene had completed his tour of ops.&#13;
79 aircraft lost.&#13;
6.45 HOURS&#13;
[page break]&#13;
[underlined] 12 [/underlined]&#13;
DATE&#13;
[underlined] 20-2-1944 S. JB 604. F/LT. K.A. MAJOR MID. – STUTTGART [/underlined]&#13;
Our crew were PFF Supporters. Primary target bombed at 03-56 hrs from 23,000 feet. Bombed on H2S. Fire reflections seen 100 miles away on return journey. The intercom was U/S during the whole trip.&#13;
9 Aircraft lost.&#13;
7.0 HOURS&#13;
[underlined] THE END OF OUR TOUR OF OPERATIONS [/underlined]&#13;
[underlined] AIRCRAFT FLOWN ON OPERATIONS [/underlined]&#13;
“E”. ED 610 – 1 OP – MISSING ON OPS 29-1-1944&#13;
“J2” DV 162 – 7 OPS. – REPORTED MISSING ON OPS 4-10-1943. – NOT TRUE AS WE RAIDED MANNHEIM IN HER ON THAT NIGHT.&#13;
“N”. DV 306 – 5 OPS – TRANSFERRED TO 550 SQUADRON NOV. 1943. MISSING ON OPS 15-1-1944. 141 HOURS&#13;
“J” JB. 604 – 4 OPS.&#13;
RELETTERED “S” JB 604 13 OPS – x MISSING ON OPS 24-2-1944.&#13;
x INCLUDES ONE EARLY RETURN.&#13;
22-2-1944 W/Cdr DILWORTH SIGNED MY LOG BOOK&#13;
24-2-1944 W/Cdr DILWORTH KILLED IN A RAID ON SCHWEINFURT&#13;
24-2-1944 F/O VLB JONES KILLED IN A RAID ON SCHWEINFURT WHILE FLYING “S”. JB 604.&#13;
[page break]&#13;
[underlined] 13 [/underlined]&#13;
[underlined] CREW MEMBERS [/underlined]&#13;
PILOT. F/LT K.A. MAJOR. DFC. MID.&#13;
FLIGHT ENGINEER SGT E MAYFIELD DFM.&#13;
NAVIGATOR P/O D MEAD. DFC.&#13;
BOMB AIMER P/O L PARK DFC.&#13;
WIRELESS OP/AG. P/O I LEVENE&#13;
MID UPPER GUNNER SGT R.A. CREAMER.&#13;
REAR GUNNER. SGT F SEARL.&#13;
SPARE W’OP/AG W/O W.M. MITCHELL replaced P/O I. LEVENE ON OUR LAST 2 OPS.&#13;
[underlined] The following incidents occurred during our tour of ops but the remaining crew members cannot recall the particular op on which they occurred:- [/underlined]&#13;
One day the rear gunner developed a very severe stomach upset but decided to fly on ops that night. Soon after take-off he called the skipper on the intercom to say that he was going to the elsan toilet. Shortly afterwards he called to say that it was too late as he had had an accident. He elected to continue the raid and must have been extremely uncomfortable sitting in his own excrement for many hours.&#13;
One night we took an Army Officer on a raid to Berlin, presumably so that he could make a report on the AA defences. His name was not recorded in the Operations Record Book.&#13;
[page break]&#13;
[underlined] 14 [/underlined]&#13;
On another raid we took a civilian whom, we believe, was a newspaper reported for the Daily Express. He did not enjoy the trip and said we must be mad to do it. His presence was not recorded in the Operations Record Book.&#13;
One night all the navigational aids in the aircraft became U/S (with the exception of the Pilots compass). The navigator took us to the target and back by taking star shots with the Bubble Sextant.&#13;
The rear gunner regularly took empty beer bottles, without stoppers, with him on operations. If searchlights became troublesome en route he would throw them out. Because they made a whistling noise when falling the searchlight crews would think they were bombs and would extinguish the searchlights. If not used before reaching the target they would be thrown out then.&#13;
Our Bomb-aimer went on a course at Lindholme to enable him to operate the H2S set which was coupled up to the bomb sight. Thereafter he spent a lot of time with the Navigator operating the set and on several occasions dropped the bombs blind by using the H2S.&#13;
[page break]&#13;
[underlined] 15 [/underlined]&#13;
[underlined] MISCELLANEOUS NON-OPERATIONAL MEMORIES [/underlined]&#13;
An unknown pilot hit a steamroller outside flying control while taxying a Lancaster round the perimeter track.&#13;
We were doing an air test when the mid upper gunner declared his intention to spend a penny at the elsan toilet. As soon as he descended from his turret the rest of the crew conspired to play a trick on him. When he was in full flow the pilot was told and he then pushed the control column forward gently and then pulled it back suddenly. The gunner became weightless and then fell to the floor still urinating.&#13;
At the end of February 1944 a Lancaster ran off the end of the runway, the wheels became bogged down in soft ground and the aircraft came to rest with its nose buried in the ground and the fuselage in the air at an angle of about 40o.&#13;
[page break]&#13;
[underlined] 16 [/underlined]&#13;
Before being posted to RAF Station Grimsby we carried out flying training on Lancasters at RAF Station BLYTON. One night we were practising taking off and landing in the dark when the airfield lights were extinguished suddenly and flying control called on the Radio transmitter to warn us that a German intruder aircraft was in the vicinity and to put out our navigation lights and orbit the airfield beacon. The crew used much bad language in describing the German intruder without realising that it was being overheard by the WAAFS in flying Control as the aircraft transmitter was still on.&#13;
The Skipper had to visit flying control to apologise after we landed.&#13;
After completing our tour of Operations at RAF Station Grimsby we were posted to RAF Station SANDTOFT as flying instructors on Halifax aircraft in order to train new crews. In the RAF it became known as “PRANGTOFT” because of the large number of aircraft which crashed.&#13;
I was fortunate not to lose my life in a crash there. To pass the time between flights the instructors used to play cards, usually Pontoon, in the crew room. On this particular day I was holding the bank at Pontoon when my flight became due so another instructor volunteered to swap flights with me. Just after take-off the aircraft crashed and burst into flames. There were no survivors. Half an hour later, having lost the bank, I took the next flight out and flew over the still burning wreckage.</text>
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                  <text>One item. Flying Officer Richard Starkey's log book. He flew operations as a pilot with 106 Squadron.&#13;
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              <text>OCT 1943&#13;
&#13;
Weather was atrocious on this our first trip, with cumulo-nimbus clouds rising to 25,000 feet. We were continually flying in and out of these clouds at 23000 feet. About halfway to the target from the Dutch coast, the pitot head iced up with a resultant loss of indicated air speed (nothing on the clock.) We continued to the target without I.A.S. and it wasn’t until I was descending over the North Sea on the return journey that the pitot head thawed out and we regained air speed on the indicator. At the debriefing when we arrived back at Syerston, Air Vice Marshal Cochrane C. in C. 5 Group congratulated me on bringing the aircraft back from what could have been a disastrous operation for us.&#13;
&#13;
[Page break]&#13;
&#13;
OVER LEIPZIG&#13;
&#13;
Cloud blankets German flares&#13;
&#13;
Express Air Reporter&#13;
&#13;
LANCASTERS played a game of hide-and-seek with German flare-dropping fighters and searchlights among thick clouds over Germany on Wednesday night – and won.&#13;
&#13;
The clouds were so thick in places on the 600-mile route to Leipzig that the searchlights could not even light them up from below and flares merely glowed feebly.&#13;
&#13;
But while the weather hampered the German defences it also made difficulties for the raiders which flew through snow, terrifice [sic] hail, and electrical storms.&#13;
&#13;
Great blue flames of lightning glowed round the planes blinding the fliers.&#13;
&#13;
Mosquitoes at Berlin&#13;
&#13;
Most of the planes got through to Leipzig, aircraft building city of 700,00 people, without sighting a single German fighter. They unloaded their bombs through gaps in the clouds.&#13;
&#13;
One Lancaster, however, piloted by Flight-Sergeant F. J. Stuart, of Newcastle-on-Tyne, had to fight off seven air attacks on the round trip. The bomb-release gear was damaged, but the crew delivered their cargo by hand.&#13;
&#13;
At least one German fighter was shot down by the Lancasters.&#13;
&#13;
Mosquitoes bombed Berlin the same night, causing more damage than is usual in their raids, according to Berlin reports. &#13;
&#13;
We lost 17 bombers.&#13;
&#13;
[Page break]&#13;
&#13;
[Underlined] MAR 30 OPERATION – NUREMBERG. [/underlined]&#13;
&#13;
LANCASTER ND.535 SELF CREW NUREMBERG.&#13;
&#13;
Attacked three times by fighters at different times. The ill-fated attack took place 20 mins. off of target. Enemy fighter unseen opened fire with cannon &amp; machine gun fire from starboard quarter down. Bursts hit &amp; killed Jock Jamieson in mid upper turret, I think it killed George also. Set port main plane on fire &amp; both engines, controls were shot away &amp; I gave the order to bale out. Wally jumped, heard Joe say “I can’t get out Dick” I was hit in right ankle by shrapnel. Aircraft must have then exploded. [inserted] with full bomb load [/inserted] I cannot remember anything until a few seconds before I hit the ground. &#13;
&#13;
The parachute was open above me with holes burnt through here &amp; there. When I hit the ground my weakened right ankle was fractured &amp; my left ankle badly sprained. I was captured &amp; taken prisoner. 5 of crew were killed (4 by explosion) why I was not killed I do not know. Wally was taken prisoner.&#13;
&#13;
Jock, George, Johnny, Joe &amp; Colin are laid at rest in Koegnigsberg Church graveyard 60 miles NW of Nuremberg&#13;
&#13;
97 Bombers lost on this operation. (Highest losses of the war)&#13;
&#13;
- 30 Nuremburg mission not completed. Shot down by enemy fighter. Wally baled out. Aircraft exploded killing Colin, George, Johnny, Joe, Jock killed by machine gun cannon fire. I was blown clear must have been unconscious.</text>
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He was stationed at RCAF Station Sea Island (No. 8 Elementary Flying Training School), RCAF Station Dauphin (No. 10 Service Flying Training School), RAF Abingdon (No. 10 OTU), RAF Linton on Ouse (35 Squadron), RAF Driffield (1502 Beam Approach Training Flight), RAF Gransden Lodge (Path Finder Force Navigation Training Unit, 405 Squadron), RCAF Station Rockliffe (Air Force HQ) and RCAF Station Edmonton.&#13;
Aircraft in which flown: Tiger Moth, Harvard, Whitley III, Whitley IV, Halifax I, Halifax II, Oxford, Lancaster I, Lancaster III, Lancaster VI, Mosquito IV, Liberator I. Expeditor, Beechcraft, B-29, Goose, North Star, Dakota III, Dakota IV and Mitchell.&#13;
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                  <text>This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.</text>
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                  <text>56 items. The collection concerns Flight Sergeant William "Ned" Sparkes (1601722 Royal Air Force) and contains his log book and an album with photographs, newspaper cuttings and documents including descriptions of his operations. He flew operations as a flight engineer with 431 Squadron.&#13;
&#13;
The collection has been donated to the IBCC Digital Archive by Clive Sparkes and catalogued by Nigel Huckins. </text>
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                <text>Top - extract from Ned Sparkes log book for 5 January 1944 to 15 February 1944 showing two operations to Berlin.&#13;
Below - two documents giving accounts of these two operations with types of aircraft  used, losses, enemy fighter operations, weather, marking, equipment, casualties and results. Also mentions diversions and minor operations.</text>
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                  <text>Collection consists of 521 items which are mostly Operations orders, aircraft load and weight tables and bomb aimers briefings for 44 Squadron operations between January 1944 and April 1945. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The collection has been loaned to the IBCC Digital Archive for digitisation by M J Chatterton and catalogued by Nigel Huckins. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This collection also contains items concerning Dewhurst Graaf and his crew, and Donald Neil McKechnie and his crew. Additional information on &lt;a href="https://internationalbcc.co.uk/losses/109020/"&gt;Dewhurst Graaf&lt;/a&gt; and&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://internationalbcc.co.uk/losses/115642/"&gt;Donald Neil McKechnie&lt;/a&gt; is available via the IBCC Losses Database.</text>
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              <text>[underlined] NO. 44(RHODESIA) SQUADRON. [/underlined] [underlined] 16th FEBRUARY, 1944. [/underlined]&#13;
&#13;
[underlined] OPERATIONAL AND TRAINING DETAIL FOR 16/17TH FEBRUARY, 1944.&#13;
SERIAL NO.14/44. [/underlined]&#13;
&#13;
[underlined] OPERATIONAL. [/underlined] The following crews and aircraft are hereby detailed for operational flying on 16/17th February, 1944.&#13;
&#13;
[underlined] ND.515.Z.(III). [/underlined]&#13;
F/Lt. Wiggin.&#13;
Sgt. Jones.&#13;
F/O. Maury.&#13;
[underlined] F/S. Summer. [/underlined]&#13;
Sgt. Dicken.&#13;
F/O. Rimmer.&#13;
Sgt. Alexander.&#13;
+ W/Cdr. Thompson.&#13;
&#13;
[underlined] ME.634.P.(I). [/underlined]&#13;
F/Lt. Mercer.DFC.&#13;
Sgt. Capps.&#13;
P/O. Purvis.DFC.&#13;
[underlined] F/S. Barker. [/underlined]&#13;
P/O. Baker.&#13;
F/S. Pratt.&#13;
W/O. Wilkie.&#13;
&#13;
[underlined] ME.629.R.(I). [/underlined]&#13;
P.O. Manning.&#13;
Sgt. Wren.&#13;
Sgt. Woodwards.&#13;
[underlined] [inserted] F/ [/inserted] Sgt. Roberts. [/underlined]&#13;
Sgt. Davison.&#13;
Sgt. Hedley.&#13;
[inserted] F/ [/inserted] Sgt. Murray.&#13;
&#13;
[underlined] ND.578.Y.(III). [/underlined]&#13;
P/O. Chatterton.&#13;
Sgt. Letts.&#13;
F/O. Reyland.&#13;
[underlined] F/S. Scott. [/underlined]&#13;
Sgt. Michie.&#13;
Sgt. Champion.&#13;
Sgt. Davidson.&#13;
&#13;
[underlined] ND.573.S.(III). [/underlined]&#13;
P.O. Gee.&#13;
Sgt. Turner.&#13;
Sgt. Osborne.&#13;
[underlined] Sgt. Maxwell. [/underlined]&#13;
Sgt. Utting.&#13;
Sgt. Inglis.&#13;
Sgt. Moore.&#13;
&#13;
[underlined] ND.552.X.(III). [/underlined]&#13;
W/O. Barton.&#13;
Sgt. Thompson.&#13;
Sgt. Taylor.&#13;
[underlined] Sgt. Barnes. [/underlined]&#13;
Sgt. Willett.&#13;
Sgt. Joy.&#13;
Sgt. Hummell.&#13;
&#13;
[underlined] ND.538.T.(III). [/underlined]&#13;
F/O. Stephenson.&#13;
Sgt. [indecipherable word]&#13;
F/Sgt. Airey.&#13;
Sgt. Wilson.&#13;
Sgt. Robinson.&#13;
Lt. Hardway.&#13;
F/S. Hall.&#13;
&#13;
[underlined] ND.566.O.(III). [/underlined]&#13;
P.O. Butt.&#13;
Sgt. Butland.&#13;
F/O. Sparrow.&#13;
[underlined] Sgt. Whiter. [/underlined]&#13;
Sgt. [indecipherable word] 421.&#13;
Sgt. Bray.&#13;
Sgt. Nicholson.&#13;
&#13;
[underlined] ND.517.U.(III). [/underlined]&#13;
P.O. Bradburn.&#13;
F/S. Blundell.&#13;
Sgt. Norman.&#13;
[underlined] Sgt. Gillard. [/underlined]&#13;
Sgt. Woolley.&#13;
F/O. [indecipherable word]&#13;
F/Sgt. Lloyd.&#13;
&#13;
[underlined] ME.628.H.(I). [/underlined]&#13;
F/Lt. Dorehill.DFC.&#13;
Sgt. Turrell.&#13;
F/S. Wright.&#13;
[underlined] F/S. Deacon. [/underlined]&#13;
F/S. Gurr.&#13;
Sgt. Myers.&#13;
F/S. Mullett.&#13;
&#13;
[underlined] LM.306.L.(III). [/underlined]&#13;
F/Lt. Phillips.&#13;
Sgt. Carter.&#13;
F/O. Gourlay.&#13;
[underlined] Sgt. Taylor. [/underlined]&#13;
P.O. Bennett.&#13;
Sgt. Curtis.&#13;
W/O. Dowing.&#13;
&#13;
[underlined] EE.185.K.(III). [/underlined]&#13;
Sgt. Levy.&#13;
Sgt. Groom.&#13;
[underlined] Sgt. [deleted] Peek. [/deleted] [inserted] CRAVEN [/inserted] [/underlined]&#13;
[underlined] F/O. Fox. [/underlined]&#13;
Sgt. McGuire.&#13;
Sgt. McNally.&#13;
Sgt. Thomas.&#13;
&#13;
[underlined] ND.576.M.(III). [/underlined]&#13;
F/O. Fynn.&#13;
F/S. Bristow.&#13;
Sgt. Adder.&#13;
[underlined] Sgt. Clark. [/underlined]&#13;
Sgt. Johnson.&#13;
Sgt. Jack.&#13;
Sgt. Sagar.&#13;
&#13;
[underlined] ND.574.J.(III). [/underlined]&#13;
P/O. Higgs.&#13;
Sgt. Cowan.&#13;
P.O. Black.&#13;
[underlined] P.O. Would. [/underlined]&#13;
P.O. Williams.&#13;
F/S. Tiller.&#13;
Sgt. Chalmers.&#13;
&#13;
[underlined] ND.520.A.(III). [/underlined]&#13;
P.O. Charlesworth.&#13;
Sgt. Jeffrey.&#13;
Sgt. Hill.&#13;
[underlined] Sgt. Fedcruck. [/underlined]&#13;
Sgt. Myles.&#13;
Sgt. Openshaw.&#13;
Sgt. Evans.&#13;
&#13;
[underlined] ND.518.D.(III). [/underlined]&#13;
P.O. Porter.&#13;
F/S. Bennett.&#13;
F/S. Davies.&#13;
[underlined] Sgt. Lander. [/underlined]&#13;
F/S. Barclay.&#13;
W/O. Pass.&#13;
Sgt. Bowen.&#13;
&#13;
[underlined] LM.434.F.(III). [/underlined]&#13;
P.O. Smith.&#13;
Sgt. Bennett.&#13;
Sgt. Farrow.&#13;
[underlined] F/O. Dutten. [/underlined]&#13;
Sgt. Hussey.&#13;
Sgt. Prowse.&#13;
Sgt. Dach.&#13;
&#13;
[underlined] ND.565.C.(III). [/underlined]&#13;
P.O. Hayes.&#13;
Sgt. Ella.&#13;
Sgt. Wellfare.&#13;
[underlined] F/O. Dunn. [/underlined]&#13;
Sgt. Walker.&#13;
Sgt. Radcliffe.&#13;
Sgt. Miller.&#13;
&#13;
[whole group crossed through with a diagonal red line]&#13;
&#13;
[underlined] DUTY CREW. [/underlined]&#13;
S/LDR.HUNTER’S CREW.&#13;
S/LDR.COCKBAIN’S CREW.&#13;
W/CDR.THOMPSON’S CREW.&#13;
&#13;
+ 2nd. Pilot.&#13;
&#13;
BRIEFING: NAVIGATORS: 13.15 hrs. SPEC. 13.45 hrs. Main: 14.10 hrs.&#13;
1 bus will leave Sgts. Mess at 13.20 &amp; 1 bus will leave Off. Mess at 13.20 hrs.&#13;
Officers i/c Night Flying : S/Ldr. Hunter. Duty F/Eng. To be detailed.&#13;
Duty Electricians : ACs. Warwick &amp; Ramsden. Duty Photos. : Sgt. White &amp; LAC. Ellison.&#13;
Duty Sigs. : Cpl Curtis. Duty Armr.NCO’s : Sgt. Layland &amp; Cpl. Wilson.&#13;
Duty Flight NCO’s. : Sgts. Spindley &amp; Wawn. Duty Clerk : LAC.Hudson.&#13;
&#13;
P.O. EVANS &amp; S/LDR. COCKBAIN [indecipherable word]&#13;
&#13;
[signature] &#13;
Flight Lieutenant,&#13;
for Wing Commander,&#13;
Commanding,&#13;
[underlined] No.44(Rhodesia)Squadron. [/underlined]&#13;
&#13;
[inserted] 1st &amp; 3rd wave [/inserted]&#13;
[inserted] 10 Bundles in bomb bays [indecipherable word] over seen</text>
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                  <text>Chatterton, John. 44 Squadron operations order book</text>
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              <text>[underlined]  No. 44 (RHODESIA) SQUADRON. [/underlined]&#13;
[underlined]  15TH FEBRUARY, 1944. [/underlined]&#13;
[underlined]  OPERATIONAL AND TRAINING DETAIL FOR 15/16TH FEBRUARY. 1944. SERIAL NO. 13/44 [/underlined]&#13;
[underlined]  OPERATIONAL. [/underlined] The following crews and aircraft are herby detailed for operational flying on 15/16th February, 1944. &#13;
&#13;
[underlined]  ND.515.Z.(III). [/underlined]&#13;
S/Ldr. Cockbain.&#13;
F/Sgt. Faraday.&#13;
F/Lt.  Waterkeyn.&#13;
[underlined]  F/O. McKenzie. [/underlined]&#13;
F/Lt. Rademeyer.&#13;
F/Sgt. Bracegirdle.&#13;
F/Sgt. Dean.&#13;
&#13;
*&#13;
[underlined]  ND.516.O.(III). [/underlined]&#13;
F/Lt. Wiggin.&#13;
Sgt. Evans.&#13;
F/O. Maury.&#13;
[underlined]  F/S. Sumner. [/underlined]&#13;
Sgt. Dicken.&#13;
F/O. Rimmer.&#13;
F/S. Burdon.&#13;
F/S. Halliday.&#13;
&#13;
*&#13;
[underlined] ME.634.P. (i). [/underlined]&#13;
F/Lt. Mercer. DFC.&#13;
Sgt. Capps.&#13;
P/O. Purvis.&#13;
[underlined]  F/Sgt. Barker. [/underlined]&#13;
P/O. Baker.&#13;
F/S. Pratt.&#13;
W/O. Wilkie.&#13;
=F/S. Ashton.&#13;
&#13;
[underlined] ND.517.U.(III). [/underlined]&#13;
P/O. Bradburn.&#13;
F/S. Blundell.&#13;
Sgt. Norman.&#13;
[underlined]  Sgt. Gillard. [/underlined]&#13;
Sgt. Wooley.&#13;
F/O. Neison.&#13;
F/S. Lloyd.&#13;
&#13;
[underlined]  ND.578.Y. (III). [/underlined]&#13;
P/O. Chatterton.&#13;
Sgt. Letts.&#13;
F/O. Reyland.&#13;
[underlined] F/S. Scott. [/underlined]&#13;
Sgt. Michie.&#13;
Sgt. Champion.&#13;
Sgt. Davidson.&#13;
&#13;
*&#13;
[underlined]  ND.552.X.(III). [/underlined]&#13;
W/O. Barton.&#13;
Sgt. Thompson.&#13;
Sgt. Taylor.&#13;
[underlined]  Sgt. Barnes. [/underlined]&#13;
Sgt. Willett.&#13;
Sgt. Joy.&#13;
Sgt. Hummell.&#13;
+ F/S. Haynes.&#13;
&#13;
[underlined]  ND.520.A.(III). [/underlined]&#13;
P/O. Manning.&#13;
Sgt. Wren.&#13;
Sgt. Woodwards.&#13;
[/underlined] Sgt. Roberts. [/underlined]&#13;
Sgt. Davison.&#13;
Sgt. Hedley.&#13;
Sgt. Murray.&#13;
&#13;
[underlined]  ND.573.S.(III). [/underlined]&#13;
P/O. Gee.&#13;
Sgt. Turner.&#13;
Sgt. Osborne.&#13;
[underlined]  Sgt. Maxwell. [/underlined] &#13;
Sgt. Utting.&#13;
Sgt. Inglis.&#13;
Sgt. Moore.&#13;
&#13;
[underlined]  ME.629.R.(I). [/underlined]&#13;
F/O. Stephenson.&#13;
Sgt. Jeffrey.&#13;
F/S. Airey.&#13;
[underlined]  Sgt. Wilson. [/underlined]&#13;
Sgt. Robinson.&#13;
Lt. Hardlay.&#13;
F/S. Hall.&#13;
&#13;
[underlined]  ND.538.T. (III). [/underlined]&#13;
P.O. Butt.&#13;
Sgt. Butland.&#13;
F/O. Sparrow.&#13;
[underlined]  Sgt. Whiten. [/underlined]&#13;
Sgt. Donald.&#13;
Sgt. Bray.&#13;
F/S. Schott.&#13;
&#13;
[underlined]  EE.185.K.(III). [/underlined]&#13;
S/Ldr. Hunter.&#13;
Sgt. Cooper.&#13;
F/O. Greenwood.&#13;
[underlined]  F/O. Willis. [/underlined]&#13;
Sgt. Salmon.&#13;
Sgt. Miles.&#13;
Sgt. Alexander.&#13;
&#13;
*&#13;
[underlined]  ME.628.H.(I). [/underlined]&#13;
F/Lt. Dorehill. DFC.&#13;
Sgt. Turrell.&#13;
F/S. Wright.&#13;
[underlined]  F/S. Deacon. [/underlined]&#13;
F/S. Gurr.&#13;
Sgt. Miller.&#13;
F/S. Mullett.&#13;
= Sgt. Hill&#13;
&#13;
[underlined] LM.306.L. (iii) [/underlined] *&#13;
F/Lt. Phillips.&#13;
Sgt. Carter.&#13;
F/O. Gourlay.&#13;
[underlined] Sgt. Taylor. [/underlined]&#13;
P.O. Bennett.&#13;
Sgt. Curtis.&#13;
W/O. Dowling.&#13;
/O Charlesworth.&#13;
&#13;
[underlined]  ND.576.M.(III). [/underlined] *&#13;
F/O. Fynn.&#13;
F/S. Bristow.&#13;
Sgt. Adder.&#13;
[underlined]  Sgt. Clark. [/underlined]&#13;
Sgt. Johnson.&#13;
Sgt. Jack.&#13;
Sgt. Sagar.&#13;
= F/O. Fox&#13;
&#13;
[underlined]  ND.574.J.(III). [/underlined] *&#13;
P/O. Higgs.&#13;
Sgt. Cowan.&#13;
P/O. Black.&#13;
[underlined]  P/O. Would. [/underlined]&#13;
P/O. Williams.&#13;
F/S. Tiller.&#13;
Sgt. Chalmers.&#13;
+ Sgt. Levy.&#13;
&#13;
[underlined]  ND.518.D.(III). [/underlined]&#13;
P/O. Porter.&#13;
Sgt. Groom.&#13;
F/S. Davies.&#13;
[underlined]  Sgt. Lander. [/underlined]&#13;
F/S. Barclay.&#13;
W/O. Pass.&#13;
Sgt. Bowen.&#13;
&#13;
[underlined]  LM.434.F.(III). [/underlined]&#13;
P/O. Smith.&#13;
Sgt. Bennett.&#13;
Sgt. Farrow.&#13;
[underlined]  F/O. Dutton. [/underlined] &#13;
Sgt. Hussey.&#13;
Sgt. Prowse.&#13;
Sgt. Dack.&#13;
&#13;
[underlined]  ND.565.C.(III). [/underlined]&#13;
P/O. Hayes.&#13;
Sgt. Ella.&#13;
Sgt. Dean.&#13;
[underlined]  F/O. Dunn. [/underlined]&#13;
Sgt. Walker.&#13;
Sgt. Radcliffe.&#13;
Sgt. Perrie.&#13;
&#13;
[underlined]  DUTY CREWS [/underlined]&#13;
F/O. Bartlett.&#13;
Sgt. Middleton.&#13;
F/S. Sturges.&#13;
Sgt. Hoad.&#13;
Sgt. Scott.&#13;
Sgt. Swingler.&#13;
Sgt. Cowley.&#13;
&#13;
P/O. Oakley.&#13;
Sgt. Campbell.&#13;
Sgt. Cartlidge.&#13;
F/S. Binns.&#13;
Sgt. Naylor.&#13;
Sgt. Dearling.&#13;
F/S. Pratt.&#13;
&#13;
Note: + 2nd. Pilots.  = 2nd. Navigators.&#13;
BRIEFING: NAVIGATORS: 13.00 hts.  SPEC.: 13.30 hrs.  MAIN : 13.55 hrs.&#13;
1 bus will leave Sgts. Mess at 13.05hrs. 1 bus will leave Off. Mess at 13.05 hrs.&#13;
Officer i/c Night Flying  :  W/Cdr. Thompson.&#13;
Duty Flight Engineer  :  Sgt. Orme.&#13;
Duty Sigs.  :  Sgt. O’Mears &amp; AC. Skilleter.&#13;
Duty Flight NCOs.  Sgts. Brock &amp; Arrowsmith.&#13;
Duty Clerk  :  L.A.C. Wyle.   Sigs.Officer  :  P/O. Roberts.&#13;
Duty F/E. Officer.  :  F/Lt. Burrows.&#13;
Duty Elect.  :  ACs Orr &amp; Saunders.&#13;
Duty Photos.  :  Sgt. White &amp; AC Gerrard.&#13;
Duty Armr. NCOs.  :  Sgt Adams. Cpl. Ebedes. W/O. Lowe.&#13;
&#13;
[signature}&#13;
Flight Lieutenant,&#13;
For Wing Commander,&#13;
Commanding,&#13;
[underlined]  No.44 (Rhodesia) Squadron. [/underlined]</text>
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                  <text>49 items. The collection concerns Norman William Hamment (b.1921, 1335642 Royal Air Force) and contains his log book, correspondence, documents, objects and photographs. He flew two tours of operations as an air gunner with 61, 97 and 635 Squadrons.&#13;
&#13;
The collection was loaned to the IBCC Digital Archive for digitisation by Andy Hamment and catalogued by Nigel Huckins. &#13;
&#13;
 &#13;
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                  <text>This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. Some items have not been published in order to protect the privacy of third parties, to comply with intellectual property regulations, or have been assessed as medium or low priority according to the IBCC Digital Archive collection policy and will therefore be published at a later stage. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal, https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/collection-policy.</text>
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                <text>Norman Hamment’s RAF Observer’s and Air Gunner’s Flying Log Book from 24 June 1942 to 7 November 1944, recording training, operations and instructional duties as an Air Gunner. &#13;
He was stationed at RAF Morpeth (No. 4 Air Gunnery School), RAF Syerston (61 Squadron), RAF Scampton (No. 1485 Target Towing and Gunnery Flight), RAF Bruntingthorpe (No. 29 Operational Training Unit), RAF Bourn (97 Squadron), RAF Downham Market (635 Squadron), RAF Moreton-in-Marsh (No. 21 Operational Training Unit). Aircraft flown: Botha, Lancaster, Manchester, Whitley, Wellington.&#13;
Records two competed tours: first tour with 61 Squadron, 31 operations (29 night, 2 day, plus 5 not completed/recalled).Targets in Czech Republic, France, Germany and Italy were: Duisburg, Frankfurt, Munich, Wismar, Pomeranian Bay (mine laying), Aachen, Osnabruck, Kiel, Cologne, Le Creusot, Genoa, Milan, Turin, Mannheim, Baltic (mine laying), Essen, Berlin, Lorient, St Nazaire, Pilsen, Spezia. &#13;
His pilots on 61 Squadron operations were: P/O Meagher, F/Sgt Cockshott, S/Ldr Ward-Hunt and S/Ldr Cecil.&#13;
Second tour with 97 and 635 Squadrons, 30 operations (25 night, 5 day, plus one not completed). Targets in Poland, France, Germany, Italy and Belgium were: Stettin, Brunswick, Berlin, Magdeburg, Frankfurt, Augsburg, Stuttgart, Nuremburg, Rouen, Laon, Karlsruhe, Essen, Friedrichshafen, Malines, Haines-St Pierre, Orleans, Aachen, Rennes, Middel Straete, Wizernes, Coquereau, Caen, L’Hey, Nucourt, Vaires.&#13;
His pilots on 97 Squadron operations were: Flight Lieutenant Owen, Pilot Officer Edwards, Flight Lieutenant Snell; and on 635 squadron operations: Flight Lieutenant Snell , Pilot Officer Weaver, Flight Lieutenant Gillmore and Wing Commander Brookes.</text>
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                <text>1943-02-16</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="937659">
                <text>1943-02-17</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="937660">
                <text>1943-03-05</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="937661">
                <text>1943-03-09</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="937662">
                <text>1943-03-10</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="937663">
                <text>1943-03-12</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="937664">
                <text>1943-03-22</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="937665">
                <text>1943-03-23</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="937666">
                <text>1943-03-26</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="937667">
                <text>1943-03-27</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="937668">
                <text>1943-04-03</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="937669">
                <text>1943-04-04</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="937670">
                <text>1943-04-16</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="937671">
                <text>1943-04-17</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="937672">
                <text>1943-04-18</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="937673">
                <text>1943-04-19</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="937674">
                <text>1944-01-05</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="937675">
                <text>1944-01-06</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="937676">
                <text>1944-01-13</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="937677">
                <text>1944-01-14</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="937678">
                <text>1944-01-20</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="937679">
                <text>1944-01-21</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="937680">
                <text>1944-01-22</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="937681">
                <text>1944-01-27</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="937682">
                <text>1944-01-28</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="937683">
                <text>1944-01-29</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="937684">
                <text>1944-02-15</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="937685">
                <text>1944-02-16</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="937686">
                <text>1944-02-25</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="937687">
                <text>1944-02-26</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="937688">
                <text>1944-03-01</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="937689">
                <text>1944-03-02</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="937690">
                <text>1944-03-15</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="937691">
                <text>1944-03-16</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="937692">
                <text>1944-03-18</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="937693">
                <text>1944-03-19</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="937694">
                <text>1944-03-23</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="937695">
                <text>1944-03-24</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="937696">
                <text>1944-03-30</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="937697">
                <text>1944-03-31</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="937698">
                <text>1944-04-18</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="937699">
                <text>1944-04-19</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="937700">
                <text>1944-04-22</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="937701">
                <text>1944-04-23</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="937702">
                <text>1944-04-24</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="937703">
                <text>1944-04-25</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="937704">
                <text>1944-04-26</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="937705">
                <text>1944-04-27</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="937706">
                <text>1944-04-28</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="937707">
                <text>1944-05-01</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="937708">
                <text>1944-05-02</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="937709">
                <text>1944-05-08</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="937710">
                <text>1944-05-19</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="937711">
                <text>1944-05-20</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="937712">
                <text>1944-05-24</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="937713">
                <text>1944-05-27</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="937714">
                <text>1944-05-28</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="937715">
                <text>1944-06-24</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="937716">
                <text>1944-07-05</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="937717">
                <text>1944-07-06</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="937718">
                <text>1944-07-07</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="937719">
                <text>1944-07-09</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="937720">
                <text>1944-07-10</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="937721">
                <text>1944-07-12</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="937722">
                <text>David Leitch</text>
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        <name>21 OTU</name>
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        <name>29 OTU</name>
      </tag>
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        <name>61 Squadron</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="680">
        <name>635 Squadron</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="412">
        <name>97 Squadron</name>
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      <tag tagId="39">
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        <name>Berlin Campaign (23 August 1943 – 25 March 1944)</name>
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      <tag tagId="301">
        <name>Lancaster Mk 3</name>
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      <tag tagId="175">
        <name>Manchester</name>
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      <tag tagId="8">
        <name>mine laying</name>
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      <tag tagId="336">
        <name>Normandy campaign (6 June – 21 August 1944)</name>
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      <tag tagId="63">
        <name>Operational Training Unit</name>
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      <tag tagId="47">
        <name>Pathfinders</name>
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      <tag tagId="378">
        <name>RAF Bourn</name>
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      <tag tagId="423">
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      <tag tagId="782">
        <name>RAF Downham Market</name>
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      <tag tagId="710">
        <name>RAF Moreton in the Marsh</name>
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        <name>RAF North Luffenham</name>
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                  <text>102 Squadron Collection</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="596397">
                  <text>Thirty-three items. &#13;
&#13;
The collection concerns material from the 102 Squadron Association and contains part of a Tee Emm magazine, documents, photographs, accounts of Ceylonese in the RAF, a biography, poems, a log book, cartoons, intelligence and operational reports, an operations order and an account by a United States Army Air Force officers secret trip to Great Britain to arrange facilities for American forces and letters.&#13;
&#13;
The collection has been loaned to the IBCC Digital Archive for digitisation by Harry Bartlett and catalogued by Nigel Huckins. </text>
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              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                  <text>2019-05-23</text>
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                  <text>IBCC Digital Archive</text>
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            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
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              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="596400">
                  <text>This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.</text>
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              <name>Identifier</name>
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                  <text>102 Squadron Association</text>
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              <text>HISTORICAL DOCUMENT&#13;
No. 20 2/44&#13;
Permanent Preservation&#13;
Transfer to Air Ministry (A.H.B.)&#13;
custody when closed.&#13;
&#13;
[inserted] 14/2920 [/inserted]&#13;
&#13;
[underlined] MOST SECRET [/underlined].&#13;
&#13;
[underlined] No.100 (S.D.) Group – INTELLIGENCE [/underlined]&#13;
&#13;
RAID ANALYSIS REPORT No. 16/44&#13;
&#13;
[underlined] Night 15/16th February, 1944 [/underlined].&#13;
&#13;
[underlined] BERLIN [/underlined]&#13;
&#13;
1 Group 161 Lancasters took off 139 attacked Primary 9 Missing.&#13;
3 Group 66 Lancasters took off 56 attacked Primary 5 Missing.&#13;
4 Group 177 Halifaxes took off 119+ attacked Primary 12 Missing.&#13;
5 Group 226 Lancasters took off 207 attacked Primary 5 Missing.&#13;
6 Group 32 Lancasters took off 26+ attacked Primary 1 Missing.&#13;
118 Halifaxes took off 87+ attacked Primary 4 Missing.&#13;
8 Group 18 Mosquitos took off 15 attacked Primary Nil Missing.&#13;
19 Halifaxes took off 16 attacked Primary 1 Missing.&#13;
76 Lancasters took off 67 attacked Primary 6 Missing.&#13;
[underlined] 893 [/underlined] [underlined] 732 [/underlined] [underlined] 43 [/underlined]&#13;
&#13;
[underlined] FRANKFURT ANDERODER (Spoof target) [/underlined]&#13;
&#13;
8 Group 24 Lancasters took off 24 attacked Primary Nil Missing&#13;
&#13;
[underlined] AACHEN [/underlined]&#13;
&#13;
8 Group 2 Mosquitos took off 1 attacked Primary Nil Missing&#13;
&#13;
[underlined] MINELAYING [/underlined]&#13;
&#13;
1 Group 6 Wellingtons took off 5 attacked Primary Nil Missing&#13;
3 Group 49 Stirlings took off 39 attacked Primary Nil Missing&#13;
8 Group 4 Halifaxes took off 4 attacked Primary Nil Missing&#13;
&#13;
[underlined] INTRUDER PATROLS [/underlined]&#13;
&#13;
8 Group 19 Mosquitos took off 15 attacked Primary Nil Missing&#13;
&#13;
[underlined] ROUTES [/underlined] As shown in Appendix “A”&#13;
&#13;
[underlined WEATHER [/underlined] 10/10ths cloud. Tops to 6,000 to 8,000 feet.&#13;
Good visibility above cloud.&#13;
&#13;
[inserted] [underlined] 997 [/underlined] [/inserted]&#13;
&#13;
[page break]&#13;
&#13;
[inserted] 14/2920 [/inserted]&#13;
&#13;
– 2 –&#13;
&#13;
[underlined] ENEMY RAID REACTION [/underlined].&#13;
&#13;
[underlined] Raid Reporting Frequency [/underlined].&#13;
&#13;
6 H/F. Raid Reporting Frequencies, one V.H.F., 31.2 Mc/s., and 9 Sector Controls, of which 4 contained R.R.F. type messages, were heard.&#13;
&#13;
Controls involved were J.D’s 1, 2, 3 and 4 with J.D. 3 also operating Benito.&#13;
&#13;
Aircraft of N.J.G.1, 2, 3 and 5 plus one unidentified, believed to work with N.J.G.3, operated.&#13;
&#13;
Beacons used were B, [deleted] [indecipherable letter] [/deleted] Q, and K.&#13;
&#13;
References were again made to OTTOKAR.&#13;
&#13;
Traffic intercepted at 2006/14. hours indicated that the enemy did not appreciate that Minelayers were operating in an area North of KIEL.&#13;
&#13;
The spook target raid on FRANKFURT AN DER ODER passed un-noticed.&#13;
&#13;
First mention of hostiles was made at 1816 hours and the first order to enemy aircraft heard was at 1811 hours.&#13;
&#13;
1811 hours Aircraft of N.J.G.3 plus unidentified aircraft ordered to collect over Beacon Q.&#13;
Aircrft of N.J.G.5 collect over Home Base.&#13;
Aircraft of N.J.G.1 and 2 also to Q.&#13;
&#13;
1812 hours Aircraft of N.J.G.2, 3, 5 plus unidentified unit to collect over Q.&#13;
&#13;
1816 hours. Hostiles reported 65 miles N.N.W. of HARWICH and further formation 160 miles W.N.W. of TEXEL.&#13;
&#13;
1819 hours (Different frequency). Aircraft of N.J.G.1 and 2 to proceed on a course of 218° to Beacon K.&#13;
&#13;
1824 hours Spearhead of hostiles 100 miles N.N.E. of YARMOUTH.&#13;
&#13;
1835 hours To aircraft of N.J.G.3 “remain on course 140°.”&#13;
&#13;
1840 hours. Aircraft told to remain at 13,500 ft. – The guns have been stopped firing.&#13;
Aircraft to vector 270°, Allied aircraft in position 25 miles N.W. of LEEUWARDEN (? our Pathfinder Intruder aircraft).&#13;
&#13;
1846 hours Spearhead of hostile aircraft 85 miles N.N.W. of VLIELAND – second formation 85 miles N.N.W. of TEXEL. Third formation North of SCHIERMONNIKOOG.&#13;
&#13;
1849 hours Two line V.H.F. Fix on a controlled night fighter 12 miles N.E. of DEN HELDER.&#13;
&#13;
1849+ hours Same aircraft gave his position 10 kms. West of TERSCHELLING.&#13;
1851 hours Second formation of hostiles 85 miles N.N.W. of TEXEL and third formation 82 miles N.W. of TEXEL.&#13;
&#13;
1901 hours Aircraft of N.J.G.3, numbers 40 to 70, go to SCHLESWIG.&#13;
&#13;
1904+ hours Aircraft of N.J.G.1 and 2 fly on from Beacon Q towards SCHLESWIG.&#13;
&#13;
1905 hours All aircraft over Beacon Q vector course 360°.&#13;
&#13;
1916 hours Fly on over Beacon Q for 25 minutes on course of 360°.&#13;
&#13;
1918 hours Aircraft of N.J.G.3 ordered to fly to WESTERLAND on course of 360° and wait there – many hostiles expected. All further aircraft go to Q.&#13;
&#13;
1924 hours Many hostile aircraft 100 miles North of SCHIERMONNIKOOG.&#13;
&#13;
/ Continued . . . . . Page 3.&#13;
&#13;
[page break]&#13;
&#13;
[inserted] 14/2920 [/inserted]&#13;
&#13;
– 3 –&#13;
&#13;
1930 hours (approx.) Aircraft told “You are to report on frequency “A”. Flak is quiet. Vector course 360° otherwise you will be too late, Spearhead at approximately 20 miles West of WESTERLAND and 65 miles West of SYLT. There are also many hostiles there flying on an easterly course.&#13;
&#13;
1932 hours Aircraft told landing possibilities good everywhere.&#13;
&#13;
1945 hours Aircraft of N.J.G.5 told to fly further from HAHN to EICHHORNCHEN (Code Names).&#13;
&#13;
1950 hours Hostiles N.W. of ODENSE.&#13;
&#13;
1957 hours Aircraft on a different frequency, possibly a controlled night fighter, told to go over to a Raid Reporting Frequency.&#13;
&#13;
1958 hours Aircraft of N.J.G.5 told Spearhead of hostiles 45 miles N.E. of KIEL on a S.E. course. A Sector Control gave height of hostiles as 21,100 ft. Hostiles continue to fly over WESTERLAND.&#13;
&#13;
*2006 hours Aircraft to fly from EICHHORNCHEN to REIHER (Code Names). Reference by Sector Control to Hostiles possibly having difficulty in getting through.&#13;
&#13;
*2007 hours Spearhead of Allied aircraft 32 miles N.E. of KIEL.&#13;
&#13;
*2014 hours Hostiles reported to have attacked already.&#13;
&#13;
NOTE: * Message presumably refers to the Minelayers.&#13;
&#13;
2015+ hours Hostiles in wide area 50/70 miles North of KIEL.&#13;
&#13;
2020 hours Sector Control reports ROSENSTADT (Code word – ROSTOCK?)&#13;
&#13;
2027 hours Corrupt message from a Sector Control indicated spearhead of hostiles - - - unlimited.&#13;
&#13;
2033 hours Spearhead of Allied aircraft over BERLIN. Position of other aircraft 70/80 miles N.N.W. of ROSTOCK.&#13;
&#13;
2049 hours Aircraft of N.J.G.5 advised of aerodrome serviceability.&#13;
&#13;
2059 hours Hostiles over BERLIN.&#13;
&#13;
2101 hours 1 Aircraft of N.J.G.3 told by Sector Control he could not make BERLIN, return to SCHLESWIG.&#13;
&#13;
2121 hours Returning Hostiles on North Westerly course 35 miles (approx). South of BERLIN.&#13;
&#13;
2142 hours Aircraft told to fly to Beacon B, not over BERLIN.&#13;
&#13;
2145 hours Indications of aircraft returning to GROVE.&#13;
&#13;
2201 hours Landing Instructions.&#13;
&#13;
2201 hours Position of a Controlled Night Fighter was given as 20 miles S.W. VENLO (40 Mc/s).&#13;
&#13;
2208 hours To all aircraft of N.J.G.1 and 2 plus unidentified unit “Landing possibilities good everywhere, should you have to land fly course at previously ordered height.”&#13;
&#13;
2212 hours. The position of a Controlled Night Fighter was obtained (40 Mc/s.) in the EINDHOVEN area and on the same frequency aircraft was told (2159 hours) of Flak firing above 19,800 ft. East of COLOGNE.&#13;
&#13;
2214 hours Hostiles reported South of OLDENBORG to OSNABRUCK.&#13;
&#13;
NOTE:  In the message at 1945 hours reference was made to a Code Word the significance of which is not understood.&#13;
&#13;
[inserted] 31.2 [/inserted] [underlined] 3/R2 Mc/s [/underlined].&#13;
&#13;
Operated from 1923 to 2110 hours.&#13;
&#13;
1925/6 Hostiles 120 miles North of EMDEN&#13;
&#13;
2000/5 Hostiles 36 miles North of KIEL.&#13;
&#13;
2008 Spearhead bearing 20°. Vector to the left – distance 120 miles course 150°.&#13;
&#13;
2015 Height of hostiles 18,000 ft. to 18,500 ft. approaching OTTOKAR continuously.&#13;
&#13;
2022 Flak firing up to 21,000 ft.&#13;
&#13;
2025 Aircraft told to fly outside the Flak area.&#13;
&#13;
2029 Leading formation of Hostiles will reach OTTOKAR 1. in 15 minutes.&#13;
&#13;
2040 Hostiles flying near ROSTOK on S.E. course.&#13;
&#13;
2047 Hostiles crossed OTTOKAR from the left 10°/30° from Beacon B, course 160°.&#13;
&#13;
/ Continued . . . . Page 3.&#13;
&#13;
[page break]&#13;
&#13;
[inserted] 14/2920 [/inserted]&#13;
&#13;
– 4 –&#13;
&#13;
2107 Hostiles continuously crossing OTTOKAR – direction 20°/40° from Beacon B, course BERLIN.&#13;
&#13;
[underlined] Controlled Night Fighters [/underlined]&#13;
&#13;
15 Controlled Night Fighters on 9 H/F frequencies were heard.&#13;
6 Controlled Night Fighters on 4 V.H.F. frequencies, of which 2 were Benito were heard.&#13;
No claims were intercepted.&#13;
&#13;
[underlined] Aerodromes [/underlined].&#13;
&#13;
The following landing groups were used:&#13;
&#13;
KONIGSBERG, FURSTENWALDE, JUTERBOG, WERNEUCHEN, KOLBERG, BRANDIS, SCHLESWIG, AALBORG, GROVE, WERDE?.&#13;
&#13;
[underlined] COUNTERMEASURES [/underlined].&#13;
&#13;
[underlined] AIRBORNE CIGAR [/underlined]. A.B.C. type signals were heard on 7 frequencies: Request was made for action on two other frequencies – action was partially effective on one of these, but not on the other.&#13;
&#13;
[underlined] DARTBOARD [/underlined]. No traffic was heard, but the usual musical programme was broadcast from STUTTGART. (574 Kcs.)&#13;
&#13;
[underlined] CORONA [/underlined] Operated against 5 Raid Reporting Frequencies. As a new method of mixed voices was used by the enemy it can be assumed that this countermeasure achieved some success.&#13;
&#13;
[underlined] SPECIAL TINSEL [/underlined]. Requested on 7 frequencies – partially effective on one frequency, ineffective against two frequencies, while the remaining frequencies were perfectly clear.&#13;
&#13;
[underlined] WINDOW [/underlined]. A possible reference to this Countermeasure was made at 2032 when “Hostiles with Slips” were reported.&#13;
&#13;
[underlined] BENITO JAMMING [/underlined]. Was heard on 40.0 Mc/s. and 39.25 Mc/s.&#13;
&#13;
[underlined] GROUND CIGAR [/underlined] 41.7 Mc/s. 1908 to 1930 hours. Barrage Jamming 1930 to 2034 hours and 2200 to 2349 hours&#13;
The Barrage Jamming heard was considered to be only partially effective.&#13;
&#13;
[underlined] GROCER [/underlined] DUNWICH – Radiating 075° 2238 to 2324 hours&#13;
WALMER – Radiation NIL&#13;
&#13;
[underlined] MANDREL [deleted letter] L [/deleted] [/underlined] All Stations 1850 to 2035 hours and 0015 to 0050 hours</text>
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                <text>This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.</text>
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                  <text>Two  items. The collection concerns Flying Officer Maurice James Blower (177993 Royal Air Force) and contains his log book and a certificate.   &#13;
He flew operations as a bomb aimer with 83 Squadron.&#13;
&#13;
The collection was loaned to the IBCC Digital Archive for digitisation by Wendy Price and Janet Gorton and catalogued by IBCC Digital Archive staff.</text>
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                  <text>This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.</text>
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                <text>Maurice James Blower’s Royal Air Force Observer’s and Air Gunner’s Flying Log Book</text>
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                <text>Maurice Blower’s Observer’s and Air Gunner’s Flying Log Book from 29th June 1942 until 12th December 1945. During this time trained as a wireless operator and air gunner. Training as an air gunner started at No. 45 Air School in South Africa, and then No. 43 Air School. Further training as a bomb aimer at 19 Operational Training Unit from January 1943, followed by 10 Operational Training Unit (Coastal Command), 1654 Heavy Conversion Unit, and operational posting to 83 Squadron (Pathfinder Force) in July 1943. During this time role changed to observer. Posted to 1660 and 1661 Heavy Conversion Units as an H2S and navigation instructor.&#13;
&#13;
Served at SAAF Oudtshoorn, RAF Kinloss, RAF Forres, RAF St Eval, RAF Wigsley, RAF Wyton, RAF Upwood, RAF Coningsby, RAF Swinderby, RAF Winthorpe.&#13;
&#13;
Aircraft flown were Anson, Oxford, Whitley, Manchester, Lancaster, Stirling, C-47 Dakota.&#13;
&#13;
With 10 Operational Training Unit, Blower flew 4 daylight operational Sweeps with Flight Lieutenant Pidding as pilot.&#13;
&#13;
Whilst flying with 83 Squadron he flew 1 day and 44 night bombing operations. His targets were Hamburg, Nuremberg, Berlin, Mannheim, Modane, Hanover, Munich, Frankfurt, Friedrichshafen, Stettin, Brunswick, Magdeburg, Leipzig, Stuttgart, Schweinfurt, Augsburg, Paris - La Chapelle, Brest - Lanveoc Aerodrome, Bourg-Leopold, Tours, Antwerp, Nantes, St. Martin-de-Varreville, La Pernelle, Caen, Saumur, Vitry le Francois, St. Leu D’Esserent, Villeneuve St. George. His pilots were Flight Lieutenant Pidding, Wing Commander Deane, and Warrant Officer Erritt.&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>With 83 Squadron, his aircraft was often one of the blind marking aircraft. Also flew as part of the flare force for 617 Squadron’s operation to bomb the Saumur Viaduct on 8/9th June 1944.&#13;
&#13;
On 26th September 1944 whilst flying with 1661 Heavy Conversion Unit as an H2S Instructor, his aircraft force landed in a ploughed field due to engine failure.</text>
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                  <text>Three items. Collection concerns Lionel Horner who flew a double tour on 50 Squadron as a Lancaster navigator. Collection contain his flying log book and an oral history interview.&#13;
&#13;
The collection was licensed to the IBCC Digital Archive for digitisation by Dr Steve Bond and catalogued by Nigel Huckins. &#13;
&#13;
This collection was provided, in digital form, by a third-party organisation which used technical specifications and operational protocols that may differ from those used by the IBCC Digital Archive.</text>
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                  <text>This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.</text>
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                <text>Lionel Horner’s Royal Air Force Air Navigator’s  Flying Log Book</text>
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                <text>Lionel Horner’s Royal Air Force Flying Log Book as an Air Navigator from 29th June 1942 until 10th September 1945. &#13;
Navigation training at the Pan American Airways Navigation Section, Miami and then Advanced Flying Unit in England. Posted to 29 Operational Training Unit in 1943 followed by 1661 Conversion Unit.&#13;
Posted to 50 Squadron for operations. &#13;
&#13;
Served at RAF Bobbington (Halfpenny Green), RAF Skellingthorpe, RAF Sturgate.&#13;
&#13;
Aircraft flown were Avro Commodore, Anson, Wellington, Manchester, Lancaster III.&#13;
&#13;
With 50 Squadron he flew 33 bombing operations (3 day and 30 night). His targets were Nurnberg, Leverkusen, Berlin, Hannover, Mannheim, Bochum, Hagen, Munich, Stuttgart, Leipzig, Stettin, Brunswick, Augsburg, Farge, Nordhausen, Ijmuiden.&#13;
He also flew one Cook’s Tour, one Operation Post-Mortem (Flensburg) and four Operation Dodge (Pomigliano).&#13;
His pilots on operations were Flight Sergeant Lloyd, Flight Lieutenant Lees, Pilot Officer Dobbyn, Pilot Officer Durham and Flight Lieutenant Morgan.&#13;
&#13;
Includes the following hand written note “Skipper court martialled and reduced to the ranks for low flying over aeffield [airfield]”.&#13;
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                <text>1944-08-15</text>
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                <text>Nick Cornwell-Smith</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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                <text>IBCC Digital Archive</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="810928">
                <text>This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.</text>
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        <name>29 OTU</name>
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        <name>50 Squadron</name>
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        <name>Advanced Flying Unit</name>
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      <tag tagId="254">
        <name>aircrew</name>
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      <tag tagId="57">
        <name>Anson</name>
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      <tag tagId="1466">
        <name>Berlin Campaign (23 August 1943 – 25 March 1944)</name>
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      <tag tagId="117">
        <name>bombing</name>
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      <tag tagId="911">
        <name>Cook’s tour</name>
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      <tag tagId="110">
        <name>Distinguished Flying Cross</name>
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      <tag tagId="351">
        <name>Heavy Conversion Unit</name>
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      <tag tagId="2">
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      <tag tagId="301">
        <name>Lancaster Mk 3</name>
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      <tag tagId="175">
        <name>Manchester</name>
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      <tag tagId="235">
        <name>military discipline</name>
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      <tag tagId="174">
        <name>navigator</name>
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      <tag tagId="69">
        <name>Operation Dodge (1945)</name>
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      <tag tagId="63">
        <name>Operational Training Unit</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="518">
        <name>RAF Halfpenny Green</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="66">
        <name>RAF Skellingthorpe</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="418">
        <name>RAF Sturgate</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="172">
        <name>training</name>
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      <tag tagId="54">
        <name>Wellington</name>
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  <item itemId="22945" public="1" featured="0">
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Hudson, Douglas</text>
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                  <text>James Douglas Hudson</text>
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                  <text>529 items. Collection concerns Pilot Officer James Douglas Hudson, DFC (755052 Royal Air Force) who joined the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve in June 1939 and trained as an observer. While on route to Malta in August 1940 his Blenheim crashed in Tunisia and he was subsequently interned for two and a half years by Vichy French in Tunisia and Algeria. After being freed he returned to Great Britain and after navigator retraining completed a tour of 30 operations on 100 Squadron. The collection contains letters to and from his parents and from French penfriends while interned in Tunisia and Algeria, newspaper cuttings of various events, logbooks and lists of operations, official documents and photographs. A further 23 items are in two sub-collections with details of navigator examinations and postcards of Laghouat Algeria.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The collection has been loaned to the IBCC Digital Archive for digitisation by Elizabeth Smith and Yvonne Puncher and catalogued by Nigel Huckins.&lt;br /&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;This collection also contains items concerning Louis Murray and Harry Bowers. Additional information on &lt;a href="https://internationalbcc.co.uk/losses/202827/"&gt;Harry Bowers&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;and&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://internationalbcc.co.uk/losses/220410/"&gt;Louis Murray&lt;/a&gt; is available via the IBCC Losses Database.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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              <name>Publisher</name>
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              <name>Date</name>
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                  <text>2015-06-16</text>
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            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="142226">
                  <text>This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. Some items have not been published in order to protect the privacy of third parties, to comply with intellectual property regulations, or have been assessed as medium or low priority according to the IBCC Digital Archive collection policy and will therefore be published at a later stage. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal, https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/collection-policy.</text>
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                  <text>Hudson, JD</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="413526">
              <text>No. 3.&#13;
[postmark]&#13;
[postage stamp]&#13;
Mr &amp; Mrs. H. E. Hudson.&#13;
191, Halifax Road.&#13;
Nelson.&#13;
Lancashire.&#13;
[page break]&#13;
Wednesday 1.30 pm&#13;
Letter [underlined] No. 3. [/underlined]&#13;
My Dear Mother &amp; Dad,&#13;
Thank you for your letter replying to mine of Fri – Sat &amp; Sunday which arrived today, and thank you also for sending my laundry. It has arrived but I have not had time to collect it as yet.&#13;
According to John’s letter he is having an easy time &amp; has been visiting clubs &amp; a theatre in Naples, &amp; driving through snow storms. Such is the mixed life out there.&#13;
Well I am very busy at the moment &amp; haven’t much news [deleted] at the moment [/deleted], beyond answering you that&#13;
[page break]&#13;
I and the boys are O.K. Mid Upper excepted. He suffers from a complaint called L.M.F. &amp; will be leaving us in consequence, good job too.&#13;
I am glad to hear that you received your coke &amp; that you decided to order the photographs. Lets hope the coloured enlargement will turn out satisfactory.&#13;
I must away now so will say cheerio for the present.&#13;
As ever I send you all my love &amp; best wishes Keep smiling.&#13;
Douglas&#13;
Pen is on leave pending return to Con. Unit. He is a F/Sgt &amp; expecting his W/O any day.&#13;
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Letter from Douglas Hudson to his parents</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="314436">
                <text>Letter Number 3. Thanks them for letter and sending laundry. Mentions letter from friend who is in Naples. Says he is very busy and there is little news except that he is OK. Continues with gossip. </text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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                <text>J D Hudson</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>1944-02-16</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
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                <text>Two page handwritten letter and envelope</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>eng</text>
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            <name>Type</name>
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                <text>Text</text>
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                <text>Text. Correspondence</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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                <text>Royal Air Force. Bomber Command</text>
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            <description>Spatial characteristics of the resource.</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="314448">
                <text>Great Britain</text>
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                <text>England--Lincolnshire</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="314450">
                <text>England--Lancashire</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="314451">
                <text>England--Grimsby</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="314452">
                <text>England--Nelson</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="314453">
                <text>1944-02-16</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>IBCC Digital Archive</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="343009">
                <text>This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.</text>
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                <text>Tricia Marshall</text>
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            <element elementId="41">
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                <elementText elementTextId="658379">
                  <text>11 items. The collection concerns Sergeant Kenneth Ephraim Harris (1923 - 1944, 1584722 Royal Air Force) and contains his log book, correspondence, and documents. He flew operations as a flight engineer with 35 Squadron and was killed 22 March 1944. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The collection was loaned to the IBCC Digital Archive for digitisation by Ian Harris and catalogued by &lt;span&gt;Jan Johnstone.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Additional information on Kenneth Ephraim Harris is available via the&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://losses.internationalbcc.co.uk/loss/212065/"&gt;IBCC Losses Database.&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="658380">
                  <text>2019-10-31</text>
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            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="658382">
                  <text>This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.</text>
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                <text>Kenneth Harris's Navigator's, Air Bomber's and Air Gunner's Flying Log Book</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="884330">
                <text>Navigator's, Air Bomber's and Air Gunner's Flying Log Book for Sergeant K E Harris (1584722) covering 19 September 1943 to 22 March 1944 detailing training flights, air tests and operations.  Served at RAF Riccall, RAF Lissett, RAF Upwood and RAF Graveley.  Aircraft flown in were Halifax and Lancaster.  His pilots on training and air test flights were: Flying Officers Footitt, Harris, McGowan and Newcombe and Flight Sergeants Affleck, Ellis, Fairweather, Reed, Rogers, Webb and Wisbey.  His pilots on operations were Flight Sergeant Webb and Wing Commander Calder.  He carried out eight operations (all night-time) with 158 and 35 squadrons as a flight engineer on the following targets: Berlin, Frankfurt, Kassel and Leipzig.  Kenneth Harris was reported missing on 22 March 1944 following an operation to Frankfurt.</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="884331">
                <text>Great Britain.  Royal Air Force</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="82">
            <name>Temporal Coverage</name>
            <description>Temporal characteristics of the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="884365">
                <text>1943</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="884366">
                <text>1943-10-22</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="884367">
                <text>1943-11-25</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="884368">
                <text>1943-11-26</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="884369">
                <text>1943-12-04</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="884370">
                <text>1943-12-20</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="884371">
                <text>1944-01-20</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="884372">
                <text>1944-02-15</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="884373">
                <text>1944-02-16</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="884374">
                <text>1944-03-18</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="884375">
                <text>1944-03-22</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="884376">
                <text>1944-03-23</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="81">
            <name>Spatial Coverage</name>
            <description>Spatial characteristics of the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="884396">
                <text>Great Britain</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="884397">
                <text>England--Cambridgeshire</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="884398">
                <text>England--Yorkshire</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="884399">
                <text>Germany--Berlin</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="884400">
                <text>Germany--Frankfurt am Main</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="884401">
                <text>Germany--Kassel</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="884402">
                <text>Germany--Leipzig</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="934543">
                <text>Germany</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="884403">
                <text>Royal Air Force</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="884404">
                <text>Royal Air Force. Bomber Command</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="884405">
                <text>eng</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="884406">
                <text>Text</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="884407">
                <text>Text. Log book and record book</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="884408">
                <text>One booklet</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="884913">
                <text>IBCC Digital Archive</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="884914">
                <text>This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="884915">
                <text>Jan Johnstone</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="65">
            <name>Conforms To</name>
            <description>An established standard to which the described resource conforms.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="890706">
                <text>Review Oct 2024</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
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    </elementSetContainer>
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      <tag tagId="643">
        <name>158 Squadron</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1218">
        <name>1658 HCU</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="402">
        <name>35 Squadron</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="254">
        <name>aircrew</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1466">
        <name>Berlin Campaign (23 August 1943 – 25 March 1944)</name>
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      <tag tagId="117">
        <name>bombing</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="799">
        <name>bombing of Kassel (22/23 October 1943)</name>
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      <tag tagId="43">
        <name>flight engineer</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="3">
        <name>Halifax</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="302">
        <name>Halifax Mk 2</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="140">
        <name>Halifax Mk 3</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="351">
        <name>Heavy Conversion Unit</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2">
        <name>Lancaster</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="301">
        <name>Lancaster Mk 3</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="178">
        <name>missing in action</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="484">
        <name>RAF Graveley</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="703">
        <name>RAF Lissett</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="61">
        <name>RAF Riccall</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="234">
        <name>RAF Upwood</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="172">
        <name>training</name>
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