1 25 74 https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/2924/55679/MMilsonGW937875-240119-60.jpg 21097451b5ed0d61e7f0838df9049707 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Milson, George William Description An account of the resource 203 items. The collection concerns Flight Lieutenant George William Milson DFC (b. 1916, 937875 Royal Air Force) and contains correspondence, documents, and photographs]. He flew operations as a pilot with 18 and 84 Squadrons and became a prisoner of war of the Japanese. The collection was loaned to the IBCC Digital Archive for digitisation by Elizabeth Jane McElwee and catalogued by Barry Hunter. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2024-01-19 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Milson, GW Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 84 Squadron RAF 1917-1997 Description An account of the resource A brief history of 84 Squadron. It includes a list of commanding officers and the squadron crest. Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. France Iraq Iraq--Baghdad Egypt Egypt--Heliopolis (Extinct city) Greece Syria Iran Indonesia Indonesia--Palembang Indonesia--Tjilatjap India Malaysia Singapore Yemen (Republic)--Aden United Arab Emirates Cyprus Cyprus--Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia North Africa Yemen (Republic) United Arab Emirates--Shāriqah Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Royal Air Force Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Text. Personal research Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource One printed sheet Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context MMilsonGW937875-240119-60 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. 84 Squadron Beaufighter Blenheim escaping Mosquito RAF Beaulieu Victoria Cross https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/777/10997/PFalgateD1605.1.jpg 9d7c7c9c4973aafee29f4fe6b8cae4a1 https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/777/10997/PFalgateD1606.1.jpg 9677ba87d68e027fd41868147ba91603 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Falgate, Donald D Falgate Description An account of the resource 69 items. The collection concerns Squadron Leader Don Falgate (136896 Royal Air Force) and consists of 68 pre-war, wartime, and post-war photographs and a handwritten detailed account of his tour. Don Falgate trained in Canada and flew operations as a bomb aimer with 463 Squadron from RAF Waddington. The collection has been loaned to the IBCC Digital Archive for digitisation by Paul Falgate and catalogued by Trevor Hardcastle. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2016-04-07 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Falgate, D Access Rights Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies. Permission granted for commercial projects Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Air traffic control room Description An account of the resource An air traffic control room in Malaya being visited by VIPs. Additional information about this item has been kindly provided by the donor. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Two b/w photographs Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Photograph Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context PFalgateD1605, PFalgateD1606 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Civilian Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Malaysia https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/1117/20669/CSearleROJ-170725-02.2.jpg 0ec25c6ba08c74bfaf0c288cf06ee31c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Searle, Rex Rex Ormond John Searle R O J Searle Description An account of the resource 60 items. Two oral history interviews with Rex Searle (b. 1919, 615463 Royal air Force) He served as ground crew before becoming a flight engineer and flying operations with 432 Squadron. after the war he served with Coastal and Transport Commands. The collection contains his log book, decorations, photographs and two albums. The collection has been loaned to the IBCC Digital Archive for digitisation by Rex Searle and catalogued by Barry Hunter. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-07-25 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. Some items have not been published in order to protect the privacy of third parties, to comply with intellectual property regulations, or have been assessed as medium or low priority according to the IBCC Digital Archive collection policy and will therefore be published at a later stage. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal, https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/collection-policy. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Searle, ROJ Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bintan Island Description An account of the resource RAF Planning Chart covering Malaysia and Singapore Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Geographical Section General Staff Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource One colour printed chart Language A language of the resource eng Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CSearleROJ-170725-02 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Royal Air Force Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Singapore Malaysia Indonesia--Bintan Island Indonesia Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Type The nature or genre of the resource Map. Navigation chart and navigation log Map https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/541/26034/MPeadonAH1578531-160504-01.2.pdf 24038ebd2047e3e37ac1be11dfc64dae Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Peadon, Alec Henry Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Peadon, AH Description An account of the resource 21 items. An oral history interview with Sybil Green (b. 1929), photographs and documents. Her Brother, Sergeant Alec Henry Peadon was killed 31 August 1943 when his 78 Squadron Halifax was shot down over Belgium. <br /><br /><span>The collection has been donated to the IBCC Digital Archive by Sybil Green and catalogued</span>&nbsp;by Barry Hunter. <br /><br />Additional information on <a href="https://internationalbcc.co.uk/losses/221937/">Alec Henry Peadon</a> is available via the IBCC Losses Database. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2016-05-04 2016-06-22 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Transcribed document A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Transcription Text transcribed from audio recording or document BOOK OF REMEMBRANCE [crest] THE CITY SCHOOL LINCOLN [page break] [blank page] [page break] BOOK OF REMEMBRANCE THE CITY SCHOOL LINCOLN [page break] [blank page] [page break] In affectionate remembrance of the old boys of the School who lost their lives in the War 1939-45 Dulce et decorum est pro patria mori [page break] ROLL OF HONOUR. Philip Norman Allen Henry Lawrence Andrews George Edward Armitage Bertram Beaver Holland Batt Leslie William Batty Herbert William Beasley Denis Bell Leonard Bescoby Edgar Blackburn Frank William Boddy Harold Boddy Jack Alex Brelsford Charles Frederick Brown Harold Ernest Brumpton Thomas William Brumwell Arthur Robert Bullock John Fawcett Burn Herbert Laurence Cairns Hubert Edward Carrott Ronald Etheridge Chesser Basil Geoffrey Clark Ralph Gordon Collingham Marshall Crawshaw George Leslie Crosby Frank Roy Daughton Albert John De Cann George Bedingfield Dennis Albert Dickinson Herbert Leonard Dickinson John Walter Dixon Charles Douglas Dowse Lionel Anthony Ellingworth Frederick Charles Forman Frank Fountaine Douglas Alfred German Errol John Goulding Leonard Richard Ironmonger [page break] Robert William Jackson Stanley Jebson Kenneth William Jellis Joseph Holland Johnson Ronald George Keen Jack Kelway Jack Lister Charles Hugh Markham Eric Joseph Miles John Richard Neave Desmond Roderick Neve Leonard Ottey George Edward Owen Thomas Leslie Panting Jack Pattison Alex Henry Peadon Joseph Raby David Reed George Eric Scott Andrew James Sistron Arthur Roy Skelton Arthur Raymond Spencer Eric Stanley Spilman Robert Donald Stokes Benjamin Clayton Swallow Herbert Fletcher Tait Geoffrey Bavin Taylor Arthur John Teasdel Bernard William Todd Roland Henry Turnell Edward George Ufton Geoffrey Ward Robert Lee Wellington Norman Maxwell Wescombe Donald West Robert Arthur Wheeler Harry Wilson John Winn [page break] [blank page] [page break] [photograph] PHILIP NORMAN ALLEN 1936-41 Lance Corporal 10th Durham Light Infantry Killed in action in Normandy [italics] June [/italics] 1944 [italics] Aged [/italics] 19 [page break] [photograph] HENRY LAWRENCE ANDREWS 1930-36 L.A.C. Royal Air Force Died of pneumonia following discharge [italics] January [/italics] 1944 [italics] Aged [/italics] 23 [page break] [photograph] GEORGE EDWARD ARMITAGE 1931-38 Lieutenant 17/21st Lancers (Royal Armoured Corps) Died of wounds in Italy [italics] June [/italics] 1944 [italics] Aged [/italics] 24 [page break] [photograph] BERTRAM BEAVER HOLLAND BATT 1927-30 Captain Royal Engineers Accidently killed in Brussels [italics] July [/italics] 1945 [italics] Aged [/italics] 33 [page break] [photograph] LESLIE WILLIAM BATTY 1927-31 Leading Seaman Royal Navy Presumed killed in action off Normandy [italics] June [/italics] 1944 [italics] Aged [/italics] 29 [page break] [photograph] HERBERT WILLIAM BEASLEY 1922-26 Sergeant Royal Air Force Missing on an operational flight [italics] June [/italics] 1943 [italics] Aged [/italics] 32 [page break] [photograph] DENIS BELL 1934-39 Bombardier Royal Artillery Killed in action near Caen [italics] July [/italics] 1944 [italics] Aged [/italics] 21 [page break] [photograph] LEONARD BESCOBY 1920-24 Pilot Officer Royal Air Force Killed whilst flying in the Middle East [italics] June [/italics] 1942 [italics] Aged [/italics] 34 [page break] [photograph] EDGAR BLACKBURN 1930-35 Sergeant Royal Army Medical Corps Died in Calcutta [italics] September [/italics] 1945 [italics] Aged [/italics] 27 [page break] [photograph] FRANK WILLIAM BODDY 1935-39 Flight Sergeant Royal Air Force Missing on an operational flight [italics] November [/italics] 1943 [italics] Aged [/italics] 19 [page break] [photograph] HAROLD BODDY 1923-27 Major York and Lancaster Regiment Accidentally killed near Cairo [italics] January [/italics] 1945 [italics] Aged [/italics] 32 [page break] [photograph] JACK ALEX BRELSFORD 1932-39 Captain Lincolnshire Regiment Drowned in the River Mott, New Guinea [italics] February [/italics] 1944 [italics] Aged [/italics] 23 [page break] [photograph] CHARLES FREDERICK BROWN 1927-33 Corporal Royal Army Medical Corps Killed in an air raid on London [italics] November [/italics] 1940 [italics] Aged [/italics] 24 [page break] [photograph] HAROLD ERNEST BRUMPTON 1933-39 Signalman Royal Corps of Signals Died of wounds in Italy [italics] September [/italics] 1944 [italics] Aged [/italics] 21 [page break] [photograph] THOMAS WILLIAM BRUMWELL 1926-33 Flying Officer Royal Air Force Killed on active service [italics] April [/italics] 1944 [italics] Aged [/italics] 29 [page break] [photograph] ARTHUR ROBERT BULLOCK 1930-36 Student Teacher at the School 1936-38 A.C.1 Royal Air Force Presumed drowned at sea [italics] July [/italics] 1941 [italics] Aged [/italics] 21 [page break] [photograph] JOHN FAWCETT BURN 1934-39 Trooper Royal Armoured Corps Killed in action at Anzio [italics] February [/italics] 1944 [italics] Aged [/italics] 20 [page break] [photograph] HERBERT LAURENCE CAIRNS 1934-39 Flying Officer Royal Air Force Missing on a raid over Berlin [italics] January [/italics] 1944 [italics] Aged [/italics] 21 [page break] [photograph] HUBERT EDWARD CARROTT 1931-36 Flying Officer Royal Air Force Missing on an operational flight [italics] October [/italics] 1943 [italics] Aged [/italics] 23 [page break] [photograph] RONALD ETHERIDGE CHESSER 1927-32 Flying Officer Royal Air Force Killed on returning from operational flight [italics] August [/italics] 1943 [italics] Aged [/italics] 27 [page break] [photograph] BASIL GEOFFREY CLARK 1931-37 Gunner Royal Artillery Died from illness contracted on active service [italics] May [/italics] 1942 [italics] Aged [/italics] 22 [page break] [photograph] RALPH GORDON COLLINGHAM 1933-38 Pilot Officer Royal Air Force Missing on a flight in India [italics] August [/italics] 1944 [italics] Aged [/italics] 22 [page break] [photograph] MARSHALL CRAWSHAW (A Master of the School) Leading Naval Airman Fleet Air Arm Accidently killed whilst flying in Trinidad [italics] February [/italics] 1942 [italics] Aged [/italics] 29 [page break] [photograph] GEORGE LESLIE CROSBY 1931-38 Pilot Officer Royal Air Force Missing on an air raid on Norway [italics] April [/italics] 1940 [italics] Aged [/italics] 20 [page break] [photograph] FRANK ROY DAUGHTON 1925-30 Pilot Officer Royal Air Force Killed in action in North Africa. [italics] March [/italics] 1944. [italics] Aged [/italics] 30 [page break] [photograph] ALBERT JOHN DE CANN 1932-37 Sergeant Royal Air Force Missing on an operational flight [italics] February [/italics] 1942 [italics] Aged [/italics] 22 [page break] [photograph] GEORGE BEDINGFIELD DENNIS 1920-24 Able Seaman Royal Navy Killed in action on H.M.S. Welshman in the Mediterranean [italics] February [/italics] 1943 [italics] Aged [/italics] 35 [page break] [photograph] ALBERT DICKINSON 1931-35 Flight Lieutenant (Pathfinder) Royal Air Force Killed during operations over Germany [italics] March [/italics] 1944 [italics] Aged [/italics] 24 [page break] [photograph] HERBERT LEONARD DICKINSON 1931-35 Electrical Artificer Royal Navy Drowned off Libya when H.M.S. [italics] Galatea [/italics] was torpedoed [italics] December [/italics] 1941 [italics] Aged [/italics] 22 [page break] [photograph] JOHN WALTER DIXON 1920-23 Flight Sergeant Royal Air Force Died in a prisoner of war camp in Japan [italics] December [/italics] 1942 [italics] Aged [/italics] 36 [page break] [photograph] CHARLES DOUGLAS DOWSE 1933-37 Flying Officer Royal Air Force Killed in operations over Germany [italics] November [/italics] 1944 [italics] Aged [/italics] 23 [page break] [photograph] LIONEL ANTHONY ELLINGWORTH 1930-34 Bombardier Royal Engineers Died from illness contracted on active service [italics] February [/italics] 1944 [italics] Aged [/italics] 25 [page break] [photograph] FREDERICK CHARLES FORMAN 1931-36 Signalman Royal Navy Missing after operations in convoy [italics] July [/italics] 1942 [italics] Aged [/italics] 21 [page break] [photograph] FRANK FOUNTAINE 1931-37 Sergeant Royal Air Force Killed in air operations over Germany [italics] March [/italics] 1944 [italics] Aged [/italics] 22 [page break] [photograph] ERROL JOHN GOULDING 1931-35 Guardsman Grenadier Guards Killed in an air raid on Weston Super Mare [italics] June [/italics] 1942 [italics] Aged [/italics] 23 [page break] [photograph] LEONARD RICHARD IRONMONGER 1936-40 Flight Sergeant Royal Air Force Missing on operations over Germany [italics] February [/italics] 1945 [italics] Aged [/italics] 20 [page break] [photograph] ROBERT WILLIAM JACKSON 1927-31 Major 1st Dorsetshire Regiment Killed in action in Normandy [italics] August [/italics] 1944 [italics] Aged [/italics] 28 [page break] [photograph] STANLEY JEBSON 1929-36 Flying Officer Royal Air Force Presumed killed when his plane fell in the sea [italics] June [/italics] 1943 [italics] Aged [/italics] 24 [page break] [photograph] KENNETH WILLAIM JELLIS 1935-39 Merchant Navy Presumed drowned in the Bay of Biscay [italics] September [/italics] 1944 [italics] Aged [/italics] 20 [page break] [photograph] JOSEPH HOLLAND JOHNSON 1934-36 Flying Officer Royal Air Force Killed on active service [italics] September [/italics] 1943 [italics] Aged [/italics] 22 [page break] [photograph] RONALD GEORGE KEEN 1926-30 Sergeant Pilot Royal Air Force Killed in a flying accident in Egypt [italics] August [/italics] 1941 [italics] Aged [/italics] 28 [page break] [photograph] JACK KELWAY 1919-23 Royal Observer Corps Killed by enemy action near Lincoln [italics] March [/italics] 1945 [italics] Aged [/italics] 38 [page break] [photograph] JACK LISTER 1927-31 L.A.C. Royal Air Force Killed in a flying accident [italics] September [/italics] 1941 [italics] Aged [/italics] 26 [page break] [photograph] CHARLES HUGH MARKHAM 1932-38 Sergeant Royal Air Force Killed on active service in this country [italics] September [/italics] 1943 [italics] Aged [/italics] 23 [page break] [photograph] ERIC JOSEPH MILES 1932-37 Lieutenant Lincolnshire Regiment Killed in action in Burma [italics] April [/italics] 1944 [italics] Aged [/italics] 24 [page break] [photograph] JOHN RICHARD NEAVE 1908-11 Acting British Resident, Perak State Killed in action at Rengam in Johore [italics] January [/italics] 1942 [italics] Aged [/italics] 49 [page break] [photograph] LEONARD OTTEY 1917-21 Flight Lieutenant Royal Air Force Killed in an air raid on York [italics] April [/italics] 1942 [italics] Aged [/italics] 35 [page break] [photograph] GEORGE EDWARD OWEN 1934-39 Flight Sergeant Royal Air Force Killed on operational flight over enemy territory [italics] November [/italics] 1944 [italics] Aged [/italics] 21 [page break] [photograph] THOMAS LESLIE PANTING 1925-30 Sergeant Pilot Royal Air Force Drowned in the North Sea following a raid on enemy territory [italics] October [/italics] 1941 [italics] Aged [/italics] 27 [page break] [photograph] JACK PATTISON 1935-39 Marine Royal Marines Drowned when returning from the Normandy Beaches [italics] July [/italics] 1944 [italics] Aged [/italics] 20 [page break] [photograph] ALEX HENRY PEADON 1932-37 Sergeant Royal Air Force Missing on a raid over enemy territory [italics] August [/italics] 1943 [italics] Aged [/italics] 21 [page break] [photograph] JOSEPH RABY 1926-31 Private Lincolnshire Regiment Killed in action in North Africa [italics] March [/italics] 1943 [italics] Aged [/italics] 27 [page break] [photograph] DAVID REED 1930-34 Student Teacher at the School 1934-36 Lieutenant Royal Engineers Accidentally drowned off Bone, N. Africa [italics] June [/italics] 1943 [italics] Aged [/italics] 25 [page break] [photograph] GEORGE ERIC SCOTT 1929-35 Gunner Royal Artillery Torpedoed in Mediterranean in Prisoner of War Convoy [italics] November [/italics] 1942 [italics] Aged [/italics] 23 [page break] [photograph] ANDREW JAMES SISTRON 1932-37 Sergeant Royal Air Force Killed in a flying accident [italics] January [/italics] 1942 [italics] Aged [/italics] 21 [page break] [photograph] ARTHUR ROY SKELTON 1933-38 Sergeant Royal Air Force Killed in flight over enemy territory [italics] March [/italics] 1944 [italics] Aged [/italics] 22 [page break] [photograph] ARTHUR RAYMOND SPENCER 1934-38 Sergeant Royal Air Force Killed in raid over Munich [italics] March [/italics] 1943 [italics] Aged [/italics] 21 [page break] [photograph] ERIC STANLEY SPILMAN 1927-33 Sub Lieutenant Fleet Air Arm Died on active service [italics] January [/italics] 1945 [italics] Aged [/italics] 28 [page break] [photograph] ROBERT DONALD STOKES 1916-18 Major 4th Lincolnshire Regiment Killed in action in Normandy [italics] August [/italics] 1944 [italics] Aged [/italics] 39 [page break] [photograph] BENJAMIN CLAYTON SWALLOW 1932-37 Sergeant 21st Parachute Company Died at Apeldoorn from wounds received at Arnhem [italics] December [/italics] 1944 [italics] Aged [/italics] 23 [page break] [photograph] HERBERT FLETCHER TAIT 1931-36 Coder Royal Navy Drowned when H.M.S. [italics] Dunelin [/italics] was torpedoed [italics] November [/italics] 1941 [italics] Aged [/italics] 21 [page break] [photograph] GEOFFREY BAVIN TAYLOR 1923-26 Private Royal Army Ordnance Corps Missing on the sinking of the [italics] Lancastria [/italics] [italics] June [/italics] 1940 [italics] Aged [/italics] 29 [page break] [photograph] ARTHUR JOHN TEASDEL 1921-28 Pilot Officer Royal Air Force Missing on operations over Germany [italics] February [/italics] 1943 [italics] Aged [/italics] 33 [page break] [photograph] BERNARD WILLIAM TODD 1926-31 Sapper Royal Engineers Died of wounds in Hong Kong [italics] December [/italics] 1941 [italics] Aged [/italics] 26 [page break] [photograph] ROLAND HENRY TURNELL 1926-31 Corporal 6th Seaforth Highlanders Killed on the beaches of Sicily [italics] July [/italics] 1943 [italics] Aged [/italics] 28 [page break] [photograph] EDWARD GEORGE UFTON, D.F.M. 1930-35 Sergeant Royal Air Force Missing on a rescue flight over North Sea [italics] April [/italics] 1943 [italics] Aged [/italics] 24 [page break] [photograph] GEOFFREY WARD 1931-36 Gunner Royal Artillery Killed on convoy duty in Syria [italics] June [/italics] 1941 [italics] Aged [/italics] 22 [page break] [photograph] ROBERT LEE WELLINGTON 1933-39 Flying Officer Royal Air Force Missing on an operational flight over enemy territory [italics] May [/italics] 1943 [italics] Aged [/italics] 21 [page break] [photograph] NORMAN MAXWELL WESCOMBE 1931-35 Engine Room Artificer Royal Navy Presumed drowned at the battle of Crete [italics] May [/italics] 1941 [italics] Aged [/italics] 21 [page break] [photograph] DONALD WEST 1934-40 Sub Lieutenant Fleet Air Arm Killed when his plane fell into the sea [italics] May [/italics] 1945 [italics] Aged [/italics] 22 [page break] [photograph] ROBERT ARTHUR WHEELER 1932-37 Flying Officer Royal Air Force Killed in an aircraft accident in Germany [italics] December [/italics] 1945 [italics] Aged [/italics] 24 [page break] [photograph] HARRY WILSON 1929-37 Pilot Officer Royal Air Force Killed in a flying accident in England [italics] April [/italics] 1941 [italics] Aged [/italics] 22 [page break] [photograph] JOHN WINN 1928-32 Sergeant Royal Air Force Killed in action in the Middle East [italics] December [/italics] 1939 [italics] Aged [/italics] 23 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Book of Remembrance The City School Lincoln Description An account of the resource A booklet with a listing of former pupils that died in the Second World War. It includes a photograph of the deceased and a brief description. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The City School Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 81 page printed booklet Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context MPeadonAH1578531-160504-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Royal Air Force Royal Air Force. Bomber Command Royal Navy British Army Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Great Britain England--Lincoln France--Normandy Italy Belgium--Brussels France--Caen Egypt--Cairo Papua New Guinea England--London Italy--Anzio Germany--Berlin India Trinidad and Tobago Norway Japan Libya Germany England--Weston-super-Mare Burma Malaysia--Johor England--York Germany--Munich Netherlands--Arnhem China--Hong Kong Italy--Sicily Syria Greece--Crete India--Kolkata France Egypt Belgium China Greece Malaysia Netherlands England--Somerset England--Lincolnshire England--Yorkshire West Indies North Africa Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Steve Baldwin aircrew crash killed in action memorial missing in action https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/2124/20470/PCulkinJ17010162.1.jpg 8052c342cd51ed2eac46897c05949d53 https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/2124/20470/PCulkinJ17010163.1.jpg 51f2ea695598e5f67ee0310dd24368d8 https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/2124/20470/PCulkinJ17010164.1.jpg 8593912bff98b31878db9014259be40e https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/2124/20470/PCulkinJ17010165.1.jpg c9898d39035437cd534f38457f85dd54 https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/2124/20470/PCulkinJ17010166.1.jpg 5c696e13bf9006f8ebeda089627297e2 https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/2124/20470/PCulkinJ17010167.1.jpg a4bada26df07881d0a8e1ee80646994e https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/2124/20470/PCulkinJ17010168.1.jpg c58f4be722e4473d2f7fe219dbe5d3ac Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Culkin, Jean. Album Description An account of the resource 64 items. An album containing photographs and newspaper cuttings from her husband John George Mackel Culkin's service as ground crew in North Africa and Italy, and Hong Kong post war. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource John George Mackel Culkin Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Culkin, J Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Borneo Description An account of the resource Three photographs, first is Jack standing outside office door, reverse captioned 'Kuching, Borneo 1964-65'. Second is of a group in a bar, reverse captioned 'Kuching Borneo Nov 64'. Third is of a group standing behind a table buffet, captioned 'Farewell "Do " for me Sept 65'. Reverse captioned 'Kuching, Borneo, Sept 1965, Farewell party Sgts Mess, Sorry to be going!!'. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Three b/w photographs on an album page Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Photograph Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context PCulkinJ17010162, PCulkinJ17010163, PCulkinJ17010164, PCulkinJ17010165, PCulkinJ17010166, PCulkinJ17010167, PCulkinJ17010168 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Royal Air Force Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Malaysia Borneo Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/2206/39286/PWainwrightJE22040009.2.jpg 588b6ce35fc42dab0f71104893b7c0d4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wainwright, John Edgar. Album 1 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2022-02-21 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Wainwright, JE Description An account of the resource 16 items. Photographs of his time in Singapore and the Far East after the war. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bridges, Boats, Fishermen, Far East Description An account of the resource 11 photographs from an album. #1 is a house/fishing boat. #2 is looking across the Straits of Johor or Tebrau Straits towards Johor Bahru, Malaysia. The building on the hill is the former state secretariat building in Johor called Bangunan Sultan Ibrahim, also referred to as the Sultan Ibrahim Building. #3 is a fisherman on a pier. #4 is a footbridge over a creek. #5 is a bridge over a river. #6 is a wooden road bridge. #7 is a two storey house. #8 is a winding road running up a hill. #9 and 10 are boats at the water's edge. #10 is a road bridge. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Civilian Type The nature or genre of the resource Photograph Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 11 b/w photographs on two album pages Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context PWainwrightJE22040009 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Conforms To An established standard to which the described resource conforms. Pending identification. Places Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Malaysia Malaysia--Johor Bahru (Johor) Asia--Johor-Singapore Causeway Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Mike Stilgoe https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/193/30992/MYeomanHT104405-190417-01.1.pdf 46aacb628f8dd21cf58b4b1b5b8cc563 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Yeoman, Harold Harold Yeoman Harold T Yeoman H T Yeoman Description An account of the resource 31 items. Collection concerns Harold Yeoman (b. 1921 1059846 and 104405 Royal Air Force). He flew operations as a pilot with 12 Squadron. Collection contains an oral history interview, a memoir, pilot's flying log book, 26 poems, a photograph and details of trail of Malayan collaborator. The collection has been donated to the IBCC Digital Archive by Christopher E. Potts and catalogued by Nigel Huckins. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2016-10-28 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Yeoman, HT Transcribed document A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Transcription Text transcribed from audio recording or document ENB/SEE. BRITISH MILITARY ADMINISTRATION (MALAYA) MILITARY COURTS CHARGE SHEET (RULE 9) Place Date Name of accused . . . CARLILE DA SILVA is hereby charged with the following offences:- [inserted] Case No.4 of 1946. [/inserted] [underlined] Particular of Charge [/underlined] [inserted] [Symbol] [/inserted][underlined] 1st Charge [underlined] [inserted][Symbol] Guilty [/inserted] [deleted] [inserted] NG [/inserted] [/deleted] You are charged that with intent to assist the enemy, you did act or acts which would be likely to assist the enemy, more particularly, in that on divers [sic] dates between January and December, 1943, and again on divers [sic] dates between January and August, 1944, in Penang, you gave assistance to the Japanese Secret Police to effect the arrest and imprisonment of certain British subjects then resident in Penang Island, to wit, [inserted] 1st Wit. – [/inserted] GERALD SHARPE SCULLY, medical practioner [sic], [inserted] 2nd Wit. – [/inserted] JACK ROZELLS, Field Security agent, [inserted][underlined] 5 years R.I. [/underlined] [/inserted] [inserted] No. 9 – [/inserted] LIONEL CLARENCE COLUMBA FOLEY, employed with the Eastern Smelting Company Limited [inserted] 3rd wit. – [/inserted] MICHAEL HILARY FOLEY, of the Royal Corps of Signals, [inserted] 5th wit. – [/inserted] PETER MARVYN FOLEY, Royal Corps of Signals, and others; whose arrest and imprisonment were in consequence attributable to you, and that you thereby committed and offence punishable under Regulation 31 of the Defence Regulations 1939. [underlined] ALTERNATIVE FIRST CHARGE [/underlined] [inserted] NG [/inserted] [inserted] [Symbol] [/inserted] You are charged that you, with intent to help the enemy, you did an act or acts designed to give assistance to the Military operations or the enemy or to endanger life, more particularly, in that on divers dates between August and December, 1943, and again on divers dates between January and August, 1944, in Penang, you treacherously informed the enemy against certain British subjects and British protected persons, who were working on behalf of the Allies, and in consequence of which the said British subjects and British protected persons were [underlined] imprisoned and tortured [/underlined] by the Japanese Secret Police, which imprisonment and tortures were directly attributable to you, and that you thereby committed an offence punishable under Sec. 3 of the War Offences Ordinance 1941. [inserted] [Symbol] [/inserted] [underlined] 2nd Charge [/underlined] [inserted] [Symbol] Guilty [/inserted] [inserted] [underlined] 1 year. [/underlined][/inserted] You are charged that you between November, 1943 and April, 1944, at Penang, voluntarily caused hurt to JACK ROZELLS, Field Security agent, and you thereby committed an offence punishable under Sec. 323 of the Penal Code. [inserted] [Symbol] [/inserted] [underlined] 3rd Charge [/underlined] [inserted] [Symbol] Guilty [/inserted] [inserted] [underlined] 6 months [/underlined][/inserted] You are charged that you [deleted] between November, 1943 and May, 1944, at Penang, [/deleted] [inserted] on or about 22nd Nov 43 [/inserted] voluntarily caused hurt to LIONEL CLARENCE COLUMBO FOLEY, employed with the Eastern Smelting Company Ltd., and you thereby committed an offence punishable under Sec. 323 of the Penal Code. [inserted] NG [/inserted] [underlined] 4th Charge [/underlined] [inserted] [Symbol] Guilty [/inserted] You are charged that you between November, 1943 and February, 1944, at Penang, voluntarily caused grievous hurt to MICHAEL HILARY FOLEY, of the Royal Corps of Signals, and you thereby committed an offence punishable under Sec. 325 of the Penal Code. [inserted] 12 charges of hurt [/inserted] [Page Break] -2- CHARGE SHEET [underlined] CARLILE [/underlined] [underlined] ALTERNATIVELY [/underlined] [inserted] [Symbol] [/inserted] [inserted] NG [/inserted] You are charged that one HASHI MOTTO on divers dates between November 1943 and February, 1944, at the Prison and elsewhere in Penang, did commit an offence, to wit, voluntarily caused grievous hurt to one MICHAEL HILARY FOLEY, of the Royal Corps of Signals, and that you the said CARLILE DA SILVA at Penang, aforesaid abetted the commission of the said offence, which was committed in consequence of the said abetment, and that you have thereby committed an offence punishable under sections 109 and 323 of the Penal Code. [underlined] 5th Charge [/underlined] [inserted] [Symbol] Guilty [underlined] 6 weeks [underlined][/inserted] [inserted] [Symbol] ? [/inserted] You are charged that you [deleted] between August, 1943 and March, 1944, at Penang [/deleted] [inserted] in or about Aug 43, on divers dates [/inserted], voluntarily caused [deleted] grievous [/deleted] hurt to PETER MERVYN FOLEY, of the Royal Corps of Signals, and you thereby [inserted] admit to [/inserted] committed an offence punishable under Sec. 32 [deleted] 5 [/deleted] [inserted] 3 [/inserted] of the Penal Code. [inserted] Sample [indecipherable word] [/inserted] [underlined] 6th Charge [/underlined] [inserted] [Symbol] Guilty [underlined] 1 month [/underlined] [/inserted] [inserted] [Symbol] [/inserted] You are charged that you [deleted] between [/deleted] [inserted] on or about 14th [/inserted] August, 1943 [deleted] and March, 1944, [deleted] at Penang, voluntarily caused hurt to ALPHONSE CARRIER, dresser in the General Hospital, and you thereby committed an offence punishable under Sec. 323 of the Penal Code. [underlined] 7th Charge [/underlined] [inserted] [Symbol] Guilty [underlined] 1 month [/underlined] [/inserted] [inserted] [Symbol] [/inserted] You are charged that you [deleted] between August, 1943 and March, 1944, [/deleted] [inserted] on or about 17/9/45 [/inserted] at Penang, voluntarily caused hurt to JAMES BOYLE, Clerk, and you thereby committed an offence punishable under Sec. 323 of the Penal Code. [underlined] 8th Charge [/underlined] [inserted] [Symbol] Guilty [underlined] 1 year [/underlined] [/inserted] [inserted] [Symbol] [/inserted] You are charged that you [deleted] between August, 1943 and March, 1944, [/deleted] [inserted] in or about Oct 45 on divers dates [/inserted] at Penang, voluntarily caused hurt to EUSTACE LA BROOY, of the Penang Harbour Board, and you thereby committed an offence punishable under Sec. 323 of the Penal Code. [inserted] [Symbol] [/inserted] [underlined] 9th Charge [/underlined] [inserted] [Symbol] Guilty [underlined] 1 year [/underlined] [/inserted] You are charged that you between December, 1943 and August, 1944, at Penang, voluntarily caused [deleted] grievous [/deleted] hurt to [deleted] TEO SHU PING [/deleted] [inserted] DIO SEE BENG [inserted] coffee shop assistant, and you thereby committed an offence punishable under Sec. 323 of the Penal Code. [inserted] And to Simple [indecipherable word] [/inserted] [inserted] [Symbol] ? [/inserted] [underlined] 10th Charge [/underlined] [inserted] [Symbol] Guilty [underlined] 1 year [/underlined] [/inserted] You are charged that you [deleted] between May, 1944 and July 1944, [/deleted] [inserted] in or about Aug 1944 [/inserted], at Penang, voluntarily caused hurt to MICHAEL GEORGE FOLEY, food inspector, and you thereby committed an offence punishable under Sec. 323 of the Penal Code. [inserted] [Symbol] [/inserted] [underlined] 11th Charge [/underlined] [inserted] [Symbol] Guilty [underlined] 1 year [/underlined] [/inserted] You are charged that you [deleted] between [/deleted] [inserted] on or about 12th [/inserted] December, 1943 [deleted] and June, 1944 [/deleted] at Penang, voluntarily caused hurt to TANG YOK HENG, cook, and you thereby committed an offence punishable under Sec. 323 of the Penal Code. [underlined] 12th Charge [/underlined] [inserted] [Symbol] Guilty [underlined] 1 month [/underlined] [/inserted] [inserted] [Symbol] [/inserted] You are charged that you [deleted] between March 1944 and July, 1944 [/deleted] [inserted] in or about 1944, on unspecified date [/inserted] at Penang, voluntarily caused hurt to YAP NGIT FOONG, unemployed, and you thereby committed an offence punishable under Sec. 323 of the Penal Code. [inserted] [Symbol] [/inserted] [underlined] 13th Charge [/underlined] [inserted] [Symbol] Guilty [underlined] 1 year [/underlined] [/inserted] You are charged that you between April, 1944 and August 1944, at Penang, did voluntarily caused [sic] hurt to MAT SAAT BIN MAT TOI, woodcutter, and you thereby committed an offence punishable under Sec. 323 of the PENAL CODE [Page Break] -3- CHARGE SHEET – [underlined] CARLILE [/underlined] [underlined] 14th Charge [/underlined] [inserted] [Symbol] Guilty [underlined] 6 months [/underlined] [/inserted] [inserted] [Symbol] [/inserted] You are charged that you [deleted] between [/deleted] [inserted] in or about [/inserted] November, 1943 [deleted] and April, 1944 [/deleted] at Penang, voluntarily caused hurt to LIM BAN SIEW, clerk, and you thereby committed an offence punishable under Section 323 of the Penal Code. The above charges are referred for trail to the Superior Court to be held at Supreme Court on the 5th day of February, 1946, at 10 o’clock in the forenoon. By Order Signature (Sd.) E.N. Blacklock, Major, D.P.P. Person preferring charge. Copy of above serves on accused . . . 1946. Signature Person making service. [inserted] President concurred with all findings of Guilty [/inserted] [Page Break] [underlined] Prosecution Witness [/underlined] 1. Scully 2. Rozells 3. M.H. Foley 4. La Brooy 5. P.M. Foley 6. McLean 7. MG. Foley 8. A. Carrier 9. L.C.C Foley 10. Boyle 11. Dio See Beng 12. Yap Ngit Foong 13. Mat Saad Bin Mat Tai 14.Teng Yok Beng 15. Lim Ban Siew 16. O.J. Foley 17. Insp Chin Kim Weng 18. Abdul Baki 19. Capt. Stret 20. F/L Dawson [underlined] Defence Witnesses [/underlined] 1. da Silva 2. Joyce Phipps 3. Simon Barnabas 4. Brother Paul 5. A.P.P Rudra 6. Brother Jean 7. T.R. Scott 8. Marcel Carrier 9. F.A. Reutens 10. E.P Bathatcher 11. D.G. Sami [Page Break] (1.) Case No 4 of 1946 Det Sub Inspector – de S. [da Silva] RH man of Hashi Moto [underlined] 1st witness [/underlined] [underlined] Dr. Scully [/underlined] of Penang. [underlined] SCULLY [/underlined] [inserted] 1 [/inserted] [inserted] Major Blacklock (KOSB) prosecuting (Deputy Public Prosecutor) Mr Khou Eng Eang for accused [/inserted] Practiced until 14/9/43, [deleted] Then “taken in “[/deleted] 4 am. that day 2 Japanese & 1 Malay came to house, wife answered the door – rushed upstairs and asked Scully if he was Dr. S. Examined upstairs of house. While search in progress, dressed. Nothing (?) found upstairs, went downstairs. Asked where radio was. S. pointed out radio. 1 Jap examined & the other carried on search of premises. Nothing found, asked S. to follow them. [deleted] At door, told S man watching back door & asked [/deleted] Taken by car to Gaol. Locked in cell. Next day, (15/M) SONG TOH from Police [deleted] Barracks [/deleted] [inserted] HQ Penang RD [/inserted] came to gaol & took S to police [deleted] Barracks [/deleted] [inserted] HQ [/inserted]. Taken to HASHI MOTO’s office. (chief Police offr) Song Toh asked home to write statement and conversation. Then DE [sic] SILVA brought in by Song Toh. Scully thinks he was a Police official. NO conversation between Hashi Motto and da Silva. da S in plain clothes. da S. asked Scully to make statement. Scully told him he did not know reason for arrest. da S told Sc. that JACK ROZELLS had [deleted] admitted [/deleted] described a radio which was in Sc fathers’ home and implied Sc knew of it. Sc admitted this. da S told so that [symbol] father refused to have radio in his home, radio was subsequently moved. Sc told da S he did not know where radio has been moved to. da S accused Sc of listening in & Sc [underlined] admitted [/underlined] listening in. No further questions but IDA the Jap I.O., in broken Malay & by signs conveyed to him that he (Sc) had been ‘disseminating’ “war news” at a certain place. Sc denied this. Hashi Moto got up, went to centre of office & shouted at him in Japanese. Interpreted [deleted] to [/deleted] that Hashi Moto had been Police Insp in Japan for over 10 years & that SC could not bluff him. H.M [Hashi Moto] still raving & slapped Sc 2ce on the face & threw Sc down on his back. Picked up and threw down again then picked up & hit 2ce on jaw, raving all the time. Sc. appealed to da Silva, who was standing against wall, who had witnessed the scene. – You are Eurasian, please testify as to the character of Eurasians. [inserted] Language used? [/inserted] Answer – Your conscience should direct you – then Hashi Moto. “He is the brother of ex-inspector Scully who refused to work with us” Then a talk between Japanese. Told Sc he could go back (home) but that he would want a statement from Sc about the four people talking? Came out of Police HQ with Da Silva but Ida took Sc to the gaol. On 25th and 27th [deleted] De [/deleted] November 1943. [inserted] 1st December [/inserted] interrogated by Ida. Accused not present at these interrogations which were carried out in the goal// Next saw da S on 8/2/44, when he [deleted] took [/deleted] [inserted] meet [/inserted] Sc [deleted] in [deleted] [inserted] from gaol [/inserted] Police HQ to sign something. Asked “Do you know the house of Guan Kian? You [Page Break] will have to direct me to his house. You will to down with me to sign the investigation ‘papers’. Taken by da S in car to Police HQ and to da S’s office. Brought out inv. papers on Scully and asked Sc to read through & sign. Sc read through papers & found everything in a jumble. Told Sc that a few names were not in. Sc told him they had not been given to him, da S insisted they should be in, took up I.P. of another man & pointed out the name. Sc told ds. that he had not given that particular name, so name was left out. [deleted] Sc [/deleted] da S retyped whole IP & asked Sc to sign. Sc signed & was sent to Carnarvon St Police Stn [Station] – under plain clothes escort. da S remained behind. On or about 10/2/44, da S came to Sc by night. In Carnarvon St Police Stn (Where he was detained in all from 8-14/2/44) da S took Sc out in car to direct him to Guan Kiang’s house. [deleted] SC did [/deleted] GK had helped Sc to make alterations to the radio. Sc showed him house. GK had malaria and beri-beri & was charged out & taken to Police HQ – Subsequently sent to Gen Hosp [General Hospital] for treatment. About 2 days after his arrest. Sc sent back to Carnarvon St Gaol, suffering from [deleted] cholera [/deleted] [inserted] colic [/inserted] & admitted hosp on 14/2 for treatment, when say Guan Kiang in hosp. In hosp 1 1/2 months. On or about 4/4/44 da S came to take him from hosp & return [inserted] // [/inserted] him to Carnarvon St Police Stn. At door he said “ You are a doctor, see how you are, look at me and that car and see what comes from co-operation”. Then took Sc to C. [Carnarvon] St. Police Stn. There till 19/4/4; taken back to goal, and on 8/5/44 taken to trial. Produced before Jap OC. Charges 1. listening in & spreading allied news broadcast 2. For possessing an all-wave radio set. 7 or 8 (deleted) all tol [/deleted] altogether. Asked to plead to charges separately. Pleaded not guilty to listening in. Guilty to 2. Trial took place. Convicted & sentenced to 7 years rigorous imprisonment. Sent back to gaol to serve sentence. Accused not present at prosec [prosecution]. Guan Kian, Henry Foley, Lawrence Palmer, Frank McIntyre, Lionel Foley, Jack Rozells, Chinese called June & others. Doesn’t know charges, but they got 5 yrs R.I. Out of prison 2/9/45. While in prison, admitted to prison hosp, used by Mr RUDRA as unofficial medic. [deleted] Palmer, McIntyre & [/deleted] Henry Foley [deleted] adm [/deleted] died in hosp 15/11/44 from beri beri and colitis. Lawrence Palmer dies in gaol [inserted] hosp [/inserted] on 13/2/45 from beri beri. McIntyre died in gaol of pulmonary TB on 25/3/45. All were previously physically run down before sentenced. Malnutrition. [deleted] SC had [/deleted] Before arrest Sc. perfectly fit, during imprisonment had dysentery, [indecipherable words], jaundice, beri beri & diet deficiencies caused eyesight to dim. When released still had beri beri & 1 month after, reoccurrence of gall bladder trouble & operated on [Page Break] [underlined] 2. [/underlined] [underlined] 1st witness cont’d [/underlined] [underlined] SCULLY [/underlined] [underlined] Cross examined by defence [/underlined] [inserted] 1 [/inserted] No trouble to arrest, no molestations by accused, not taken into custody for being a person of bad character in community nor because brother lnsp. Scully refused to work for Japs. He was arrested before me, 20/10/43, A.M.P. case. [deleted] only [/deleted] reason for arrest as stated – listening in, disseminating & all wave radio set. Guan Kian had altered my set so that I could pick up allied b’casts. (GK. Ready to assist?) [deleted] These thing [/deleted] Possession of such a set contrary to Jap proclamation. I permitted Henry Foley to listen to my wireless on 2 or 3 occasions. Did not know he was a friend of Jack Rozells. I know J.R. I don’t know where he was employed. I think Henry Foley worked at the Eurasians store. I have never discussed this case with anyone. I heard that S. R. was arrested before me. Palmer listened in with me to the radio. I tuned in - he was not allowed to make use of the set. I know June but I cannot state his employment at that time. The radio early on was bought to my father house, it had nothing to do with me. I was beaten after arrest & condition quite fit still. The Japs knew whom I was when I was brought before them on morning 14/11/43 when I was taking in gaol office. A Jap who had been in Penang before the war, a sideboard maker who had done work for me recognised me in gaol & he was talking to Hashi Moto & pointed in my direction, saying “Dr. Scully.” The statement of da S to H.M that I was a brother of Insp. [Inspector] Scully who has refused to work for the Japs was damaging to me. Song Toh, the Chinese det Ak Kow were in the car when da S came to get me to show Guan Kains house. Another was a well built Chinese person. I did not know the position of da S held at that time. [deleted] The accused compelled me to sign the statement. [/deleted] There was no compulsion. He allowed me to insert a portion which had been omitted. The statement I eventually signed was a true & correct statement, apart from one thing which I was told I would have to point out to the judge as a mistake. Tan Guan Kian had made the holes on my set (modification for S.W.). The accused was not present at the trial. I cannot say whether all Govt employees were given special privileges by the Japs. It was probably not uncommon that the accused & others in police were allowed cars for their work. Food has been badly prepared in prison & short in quantity – mostly rice, with sometimes vegetables. [Page Break] There was no questions about my father at the trial. [underlined] Re-examined by the Prosecution. [/underlined] [underlined] Have not discussed case with witnesses who are coming here today. [/underlined] [underlined]2nd Witness – Jack Rozells [/underlined] JACK ROZELLS - Of 1 Penang Rd., employee of Field Security Branch of the army [inserted] 2 [/inserted] Superior Officer Capt. Hall, Unit is 5f.S.S. called w/e Nov 41, became L/Cpl in E Coy 3rd Bn S.S.V.F. Served with volunteers until evac [evacuation] of Penang sometime in Dec 41. We were disbanded & I became shop asst in Eurasian store until my arrest on 11/11/43. Reason for arrest not known. [deleted] First saw [/deleted] Acc [accused] used to frequent Eurasian store. Came to get me from Police lock up after arrest to take me to police barracks for interview; that was 4 days after my arrest (15/11/45) Accused & Hashi Moto, Ida, & Nakamuria. Hashi Moto Chief of Jap Secret Service in Penang – Tai Cho [deleted] acc was [indecipherable word] [/deleted]. I knew acc before I was arrested, was working for Jap S.S. He told me in the Eurasian store, [deleted] [indecipherable word] [/deleted] secretly, with no witness. Acc asked me to confess my guilt, that I had listened to the wireless or spreading? to the Penang public. I said I did not. I was lying. [deleted] when [/deleted] I had been listened to allied b’casts and telling my friends. The acc asked me to ‘come clean’ – it is hopeless to deny. We’ve got all the facts about you, I said “No” “I’ll bring your wife, your mother, your brother and sisters into gaol.” I said “Do your worst I am telling you nothing.” Then I was taken to a table where there was a lot of food & Hashimoto asked me to eat. I did not until I was persuaded by the accused. He said “Go on eat, otherwise you will be hungry; don’t be afraid, we won’t beat you up.” I ate everything that was on the table. [deleted] There was a [/deleted] I finished the meal in 15 mins. After the meal I was asked by the accused to talk. I said I didn’t know what to talk about. He said he wanted to me to talk about the radio sets I had hidden in my place, to whom I was given news, I refused to talk. I could have given him much information of Eurasians & british protected persons. Acc punched me on the face two [inserted] violent [/inserted] blows then I fell down in a sitting position, Nakamuria kicked my face, fully shoed [Page Break] [underlined] 3. [/underlined] [inserted] [symbol] lunch recess 5/2 [/inseted] This caused my [deleted]teeth [/deleted] [inserted]gums [/inserted] to bleed, which was the only injury I suffered from the kick. The accused was not present during this. After that I was taken to another room by da Silva and three Japanese. Hashimoto was one. [inserted] [symbol] [/inserted] I was made to lie [inserted] on the floor [/inserted] on my back with my shirt off (the Japs made me – Hashimoto), then acc bought a stick 3” x 5’. The acc was with another Jap, Nakamuria. Each held the stick at the ends and rolled it over my stomach. I yelled in pain as parts of the food was forced out of my mouth and nose. Despite my yells of pain this carried on for about 10 mins. Then they stopped. The acc asked me if I was ready to talk. I said “No”, then the acc said “Don’t be a fool, the British will not come back”. At this stage Hashimoto ran away, closely foll. by acc. who returned with a block of ice about 5lb in wt. Acc placed block of ice on my stomach. I yelled in pain and tried to wriggle about. The acc then kicked me in the ribs once violently, which stopped me wriggling. After this Ida, the Jap, asked the acc to take the ice away and I was sent back to my cell at the Garrison Police HQ. I coughed up blood on, my return to my cell. I could not eat any food given to me. I had violent pains in my stomach and in my chest, 6 days afterwards, I was brought back again to Police Headquarters. The acc was present with two japs, Ida and Nakamuria, the acc then asked me to sign a statement which I refused. The statement said that I told [underlined] Mr. Pentousky [/underlined] that Mickie Foley was the best man for sending messages to the allies. Then I was beaten up by Nakamuria with a stick over my back, about 6 blows in all. The stick broke. It was a little thicker than an ordinary walking stick. Then acc & Ida rained blows on me with their fists. I fell down yelling and begging for mercy. Ida threw me over his shoulder, causing me to fall on my back heavily. This was done in turns, about 15 times in all, by the other two. At this stage I decided to say yes to every [inserted] any [/inserted] question they asked. They stopped the beating then. The acc asked me “are you a British spy?” I said “yes” “Have you got many radios?” “Yes” “You have a radio set in Dr Scully’s house?” “Yes” A radio set in Henry Peterson’s house and David Jambu’s house?” “Yes” The interrogation stopped. I had hardly strength to sit and answer their questions. I was feeling giddy and very sick after the beating. I was sent back, carried by 2 men back to my cell. After this I was bought over 1ce [once] a week by acc to answer ?s. [sic] He punched me at times I failed to give him a favourable reply. This weekly affair carried on till Feb, [inserted] 1944 [/inserted] then I was left alone. Late in March, the acc brought 3 sheets of paper which was supposed to be my statement and asked me to sign. [deleted] I signed it in [/deleted] I appended my name, but with not my usual signature. After this, acc went away. About a week after this, acc bought me to the prosecutor. He then produced a paper written in Japanese. The prosecutor explained that the contents of the paper were to the effect that I was the legal owner of my brother-in-laws’ [Page Break] radio set. I protested, but it was of no use. I was sent back. In April the same year, I was brought to court & sentenced to 5 yrs Rigorous imprisonment for listening to allied b’casts, spreading the news with intentions to [indecipherable word] the Jap army in Malaya. The interpreter asked me to plead guilty. acc was not present, I pleaded guilty. I knew it was worthless to plead otherwise than guilty. Against the Japanese I had practically no defence although I did have a defence. / Ice block was 18” x 6” x 8”. My stomach was bare. I was assisted back to my cell by two people. I could not eat food for about 10 days. I did not complain about the treatment because they could not do anything for me, no visitors, and a sentry not allowed to speak. I was a British spy. I had many radios. I had sets in the houses I mentioned I confessed these things because I found out that the others had been arrested & the Japs had found a radio set in their houses. One of the detectives whispered this to me on the way to the third interrogation on the third morning after the ice treatment. [underlined] Cross examined by defence [/underlined] I was on very friendly terms with acc before my arrest. He did not warn me against spreading allied news It is true that acc told me he was a member of Jap S.S. Once Mr [inserted] Lim [/inserted] Swee Hin gave inf. which led to my arrest [inserted] [symbol] see 8/2/46, witness recalled and amended this [initials][/inserted] He owned a dispensary in Aboo Sittee Lane I do not know Lim Ooi Huat who was in the dispensary. I was in the habit of writing allies war news on slips of paper. Only once I took a slip of paper to Sui Hin. I held it in my hand and he read it over my shoulder. I did it because he asked me the news. He gave me nothing for giving him the news He did not give me free medicine whenever I requested [inserted] it [/inserted] /such things. The acc was not present when I was arrested by the 3 Japs I was interog [interrogated] by same 3 Japs. acc not there. I refused to admit I was writing allied news on slips The 3 Japs beat me up – acc not present. I knew the reason for my arrest at that time It was not my policy – then – to tell the Japs the truth I had no food for 4 days foll. [following] my arrest. On the 5th day I was taken to Pol [Police] Hq. etc – confirmatory evidence on exam of Mr. Koo – Counsel for defence. [Page Break] 4./ Japs were watching me eat. I did not complain to acc I had no food for 4 days – acc was fully aware [inserted] summarise [/inserted] Food was brought in while I was under interrog. I was not given food [symbol][because] I promised to tell Japs the truth The Japs did not tell me that if I told the truth I’d be soon released. I decided on the 26th. Nov. 43 to make a statement. the acc & 2 others present, (Nakamuria & Ida) I had agreed to say yes to anything I do not know one Chong Yean It is not true that acc gave me only four slaps & punches throughout period of det. I did not mention a Jas. Tate in my statement Trail not in open court, acc not present I knew Henry Foley, now deceased He was a co. worker at the store I did not know he had been receiving allied war news thro [through] Doc S’s radio I used to discuss war news with him, but was not in the habit of comparing news rec’d from several sources. [underlined] No re-examination [/underlined] [underlined] 3rd witness – Michael Hilary Foley [/underlined] [underlined] M.H. FOLEY [/underlined] [inserted] 3 [/inserted] 15, Phuah Hin Leong Rd, Penang, off Burma Rd. Employed AMDGW,[indecipherable] as a clerk, 25 yrs old. Prior to Jap occ, I was a sigman in the Royal Corps of Sigs – W/Op. Joined in Malaya - In Penang Hill evac. Then evacuated to Singapore in Dec 41. Remained in Sgpore[Singapore] till 12/3/42. Ordered on 15/2/42 to escape by OC. [deleted] I escaped to my br [/deleted] I went to my brothers house in Sqp [Singapore] to hide, discarding unif. [uniform] Then on 13/3/42 came Penang. I stayed with my brother, Insp EW. Foley. I was never employed. This lasted throughout Jap occupation. He got married, 1 occ his house alone. On 14 Nov. 1943, arrested by Japanese Secret Police. [deleted] The acc came out of [/deleted] I was arrested by C. de Silva & 3 Jap. Taken to Penang prison that morning. Kept till 1st week of Feb 44. I twice came into contact with the acc. on morn. of arrest, taken to prison by acc Hashimoto, Indian detec, Siamese det. In the prison office, acc put all question to me. “You thought you were big in the British Army” “I’ve got another one of you in” (meaning Foleys) Then he asked what happened in the army & asked me if I had a radio set & told me that if I didn’t speak the truth, he [Page Break] would know how to get it out of me. I denied having a radio set & the result was that I received 2 heavy slaps from Hashimoto. Then he threw me over his shoulder on to the ground. The acc was present all the time. Then Hashimoto caught lapels on collar and pulled them round my neck [inserted] while on the ground [/inserted]. I was choked. I was made to get up after a few minutes I was sent back to one of the cells. 2nd time, day during 1st week Feb 44, taken out with 5 colleagues of mine from the goal to the prison office. There the others were made to sign statements by the accused who was accomp [accompanied] by Indian detective. I was brought along to the Penang Rd barracks & there, later that day acc [deleted] made [/deleted] [inserted] asked [/asked] me [inserted/ to [/inserted] make out statemt [sic] on my own. I made it, he typed it out. I put my thumbprint on it, then I was sent back to Police lock up within Penang Rd barracks under escort of acc. Released a few days afterwards under bond that I should say nothing of what had happened. Taken up to Hashimotos office. I saw the interpreter of Hashimoto & my brother, [deleted] He told acc. [/deleted] Then released. I have scars on my person from the ill-treatment (exhibited) 2 main linear scars right shoulder. 4 days after my arrest, brought to Penang Rd Barracks by Siamese detectives. Taken up before Hashimoto. Interpreter present, another Jap & a Chinese clerk. [deleted] Hashimoto told [/deleted]. Acc not there. Scars not anything to do with acc. Beaten with double flexible electrical wire [deleted] for [/deleted] bared at ends & knotted. 2 of my uncles – Henry Foley (deceased), Lionel Foley and Teddy Lim, Dr Scully, Mr Palmer (deceased), & Mr Jambu. These were arrested with me. It was true I had no radio, and knew I was to be released in four days time [symbol] [because] I made voluntary statement. [underlined] Cross Examined by Defence. [/underlined] I told Japs in Sqp I was a schoolboy & they believed it I was asked whether I was in Brit army & stated I was The accused never assaulted me. [deleted] Employed by overseas Chinese Company, buying [indecipherable word], a salesman [/deleted] I was not employed by the Japanese. Employed by Overseas Chinese Assoc after release. I became a member of ? I made my report on this case to Field Sec. Statement in law Ct. No re-examination [Page Break] [underlined] 5./ [/underlined] [underlined]4th Witness [/underlined] [inserted] 4 [/inserted] [underlined]EUSTACE LA BROOY [/underlined] – Claude Eustace Ambrose La Brooy – 366B Burma Rd – Foreman of Salvage works employed by Penang Harbour Board. I was unemployed during Jap occ. British Subject – 27 years. I know C. da S. I have known him for about 7 years & recognise him here. Arrested by acc 9/8/43. He was a detec in Special branch. Came with another detec., the Eurasian, Jambu. Taken to Penang Police Bks [Barracks]. He said Insp Chong wanted to see me. Remained 10 days. Saw acc. When he came to take me up from the lock up for questioning, about 3 occasion. After 10 days sent to prison. Remained 7 mths [months] before brought to court. Saw acc [deleted] 1st time [/deleted] on 3 occasions in these 7 mths. On 1st occasions, sometimes between Aug & Dec’43, possibly Oct 42, I was bought downstairs to the MPs Office, where acc was. He asked me to make statement, I made a statement, he looked at it, read it & said he didn’t believe me, & if I didn’t speak the truth, he’d get the truth out of me. I refused to admit what he wanted me to say, that is that I had made a V sign. He punched me very severely, many blows in the ribs, slapped my face with the palms of his hands. Then he caught me by the hair, twisted me round & tripped me, making me fall on my back. He kicked me on my back, in the ribs, when I was on the ground, until I got up. I could hardly breathe. One would [indecipherable word] something was gripping my chest. I felt a lot of pain in my chest. After the slaps on the face, I couldn’t hear, and my ears started ringing. That lasted practically the whole day. Prior to this, my sense of hearing was very good. I haven’t been able to hear clearly after that assault upon me. The second occasion he hit me with a black stick. This was [deleted] after [/deleted] in few days, after the second assault. I was again called to the office. Acc was there alone, with a statement drawn up by himself, which stated that I was a spy, broadcasting news. I did not agree with the contents on reading it. He asked me to sign - I refused to do so. Then he got hold of the black stick, about 4’long & 1” thickness & hit me on the back from the back of my neck down to my buttocks, about ten times, using all his strength to do so. There were big lumps on my body & in some places the flesh was raw. This lasted 10 mins, I still refused to sign. Then he said “If you don’t sign it, I’ll call on the Inspector in charge & force me to sign it. After that I was sent back to the cell. [Page Break] 4 or 5 days later [deleted] he was [/deleted]I was called into the office again. Acc there alone. He wanted me to sign that statement. I refused to sign it and he beat me with the same stick again, on my back. Then he used his fists. I still refused to sign the statement; then I was sent back to the cell. I could hardly breathe and couldn’t sleep on my back. I received no medical attention for my injuries. I was ill for about 4 days. No scars. The statement was typewritten. As a result, my sense of hearing is impaired [deleted] [indecipherable word] [/deleted] & I have pains in my chest, when I exert I get pains in my heart and cough very badly. After 7 months I was tried & sentenced to 7 years R.I. I pleaded N.G. They tried to prove I was spreading news & made a V sign. Found guilty. Adjourned at 1635 hrs 5/2 until 1000 6/2 [underlined] Cross Examined by defence [/underlined] Resumed at 1000 hrs. 6/2 I was called as prosec wit at premlin [preliminary] inq. [inquiry] and gave evidence from witness box. In wit box all time while giving evidence I could hear all ? put to me, also by presiding Judge. [deleted] I was [/deleted] I was a little more then 10’ from presiding Judge. Not only member of family who is deaf – mother is deaf in one ear I went to see Insp [inserted] Chong [/inserted] on night 9 Aug’ 43 Taking part in ______ parade (?) on night 8/8/43 I saw accused [deleted] at [/deleted] [inserted] near [/inserted] head of the parade, on this side of the road. I never went to 26 Anson Rd. I know Eurasian girls – Joyce Phipps and [deleted] Rena Lex [/deleted] Wina Hesler. They live at 26 Anson Rd. I saw the acc stop to talk to the 2 girls while parade passing house. I did not make the V sign to the 2 girls immediately after that. Reaffirmed above On Monday [inserted] day after parade [/inserted] & [deleted] Insp [/deleted] Jambu (Insp) came to house to tell me I was wanted by Insp Chong On day after parade I was not at home at my house. I was not told by my brother that they had been to my house. Found acc & Jambu in my house waiting for me, I accompanied them only Jambu not acc. while talking to Insp Chong. Insp Chong acc me of making V sign, which I denied. acc was not present during interview with Insp Chong on 9/8/43. [Page Break] [underlined] 6. [/underlined] I was taken to charge room by Jambu. I Next saw acc next day, in the cell, in [inserted](Police Barracks)?[/inserted] I received beatings from Insp. Chong with blows particularly severe in my [underlined] body [/underlined], [inserted] Symbol [/inserted] I remember saying at prelim inq that I had been slapped by Insp Chong [deleted] [indecipherable word] [/deleted] who used the palm of his hand open on my head; ribs and ears being hit. This was correct, but I had every chance to prevent them from coming hard on my head. The [deleted] next [/deleted] same night house raided by ______ & a few Japs. Radio set found, volunteer uniforms, pictures of King and Queen. They did not belong to me. My sister was not taken in then. I saw my sister, Daphne la B, in prison I did not admit that I spread any (allied) news. I was brought up ready every day during the 10 days for ?ing [questioning] There was Insp Chong, Jambu, Soh Tow (?) – no Japs, no accused during this period. Beaten by acc on 3 occasions. No one present 1st occasion. There was no prisoner sharing cell at that time I know one [underlined] Ulric Magness. [/underlined] He was never at any time with me in the same cell. He was never present the three times I was beaten up. I am quite positive of that. No one present at 2nd & 3rd occasions I was beaten up. I did not get food from acc. while in prison. [inserted] Symbol [/inserted] Acc. Used to smuggle food for “the others” but not for me ( [inserted]N.[/inserted] Carrier, Hesler De Silva, A Carrier.) They recd [received] local made bread form acc. I don’t know if they recd it every day. [deleted] I never at a [/deleted] There was no Doctor Sami inside the prison [deleted] I never at any time [/deleted] I complained to Dr Scully (1st witness) of my condition I was not sent to hospital for treatment for my injuries. [underlined] Re-examination [/underlined] [deleted] Insp Chong, on 9/8/43 said that…. [/deleted] 9/8/43, [deleted] with [/deleted] interview with Insp Chong, I saw a report on myself, Chong pointed it out. One statement place on top of a file. I did not read all of it. I only saw my name on it at that time. On the first occasion I was slapped on the face by da S. I consider this caused the impairment in my hearing. Only one of the four were put to trial – A Carrier [inserted] (see symbol above) [/inserted] Magness must be wrong if he says he saw me assaulted at prelim inq Suffered no pains in ears or loss of hearing after Insp Chong beating on 9/8/43. [Page Break] [deleted] [underlined] 7. [/underlined] [deleted] [underlined] 5th. Witness [/underlined] [inserted] 5 [/inserted] [underlined] PETER MERVYN FOLEY. [/underlined] of 15 Kuah Hin Leong Rd, Penang, Storekeeper in AMDEW [inserted] [indecipherable word] [/inserted] Penang Age 28. In Dec 41, W/op in Royal Corps Sigs. [deleted] Beginning of Jap acc [/deleted] I was in Singapore when the Jap occ Penang. Returned Penang 15/3/42. Remained till allies came. Not working during Jap occ. On 13/8/43 I was arrested by Japs Police Special Branch. Taken to Penang goal. On 16/8/43, I was taken out of cell & brought by a warder to a room near the gaol office to the accused. He then told me to watch the torture he was going to inflict on one political prisoner. I was present, acc & Seng Toh & Insp Chong. No one else. Prisoner was Mr Anton Da Silva, an Eurasian. Told him to take off his glasses. Did so. [deleted] da [/deleted] acc [deleted] carried [/deleted] [inserted] lifted [/inserted] him [deleted] over [/deleted] [inserted] on to [/inserted] his back and throw him over his shoulder on to the ground. He kicked him more than once while he was on the ground. When Anton de S got up, [deleted] Carli [/deleted] accused punched him in the face, body & acc asked Insp Chong to join in the beating. I can’t remember the words, but they were in Malay. Insp Chong beat and punched Anton de Silva. Acc then told me that if I did not admit that I was a British Solider & that I stopped people from joining the (Jakat?) army and that I told the people in Penang that the British would come back in 3 months’ time he give me worse than what Anton De Silva had. I told acc I did not know anything. He said “If you don’t write a statement now, you know what will be coming to you.” The acc’s attitude was very truculent, I did not write the statement. He then gave me a blow to the back of the head with clenched fist. I fell to the ground. I suffered pain. He then told Insp. Chong that I was the man who told Mr. Tommy Scott not to join the Jekit/army and that I went to La Brooy’s house every night to discuss news. Insp Chong gave me several blows on my face, punches [deleted] and when I [/deleted] as a result of which, I fell to the ground. Insp Chong stood on my chest. He had military boots on, it caused pain in my chest. When I got up, the acc. put a W.P.B on my head. He told me that although my brother was an Insp of Police, he would get him in. He then gave me a blow with his clenched fist, on the back of the [deleted] hea [/deleted] neck (nape) and said “That’s for the inspector”. He then made me write out my statement. He told me to take a pen & write or I would get more. I took the pen & wrote. I wrote out my statement & then he read [deleted] wha [/deleted] it. He told Insp. Chong that I wouldn’t speak & [deleted] they to [/deleted] I was sent back to my cell. I remained there for about 6 days after that. At the end of that, the acc. came with Hashimoto and Nakamuria. Acc asked me to admit that I was a British Solider. He also told me to give him the names of the Eurasian boys who were in the Army. [Page Break] [underlined] 7. [/underlined] I told him I did not know, I was only a driver, and without any roles from the Japanese he came up to me and gave me a blow with clenched fist on my ear (Rt), a violent blow. It practically deafened me – ringing in ears. Acc then told me that I better tell the truth as Hashimoto had gone to Sqp & found out that I was a W/op. I still refused to admit it. Acc then told me to go back to my cell and think it over and that he was coming the next day to take my statement. I was sent back to my cell. Next day I saw the accused. I was called to the office and the acc alone was present. He told me to write my statement, which I did. He took the statement & put it in the file. He put my small fingers into the hooks of two weights. They were very heavy to me. Shaped like a bell, made of steel, about 6” high and 5 1/2 “ broad. I had my arms outstretched in front of me the wts [weights]were on my extended little fingers. This was for about 2-3 minutes. It gave me very great pain. He told me that if I got them off my fingers he would drop them on my toes. At the end of 2-3 mins he took them off. I was still alone with him. He took them off [symbol][because] I told him I couldn’t stand anymore. My fingers were bruised & the fingers swollen for 3 or 4 days. He then made out my death warrant. I read what I signed. The warrant read, I Peter Mervyn Foley, [deleted] on [/deleted] [inserted] is [/inserted] this day sentences to death for being a British Spy. He then asked me to sign it. The acc filled in the words. I signed it. I didn’t know whether I would be executed. I knew if I didn’t sign it he would continue his torture. He took out his revolver and told me that he was going to shoot me. He pointed the revolver at me. He opened it up to ensure it was loaded. He them told me that he (acc) was the terror of the Eurasians. Then he put the revolver away, and I was escorted to my cell. All this took place alone with acc. I remained in prison until 6/10/43, then taken by acc to Police HQ. [Inserted] At HQ [/inserted] He told me to admit that I was anti-Japanese. I was alone with him. I told him I was not anti Japanese. I said “All right, I am not anti-Jap” He said “you are anti-Japanese” [symbol] [because] you are in the British Army! When I refused to admit, he took a Japanese Sword which was lying in corner of room in its scabbard & hit me with it, two blows with the flat side over the shoulders. I didn’t notice he was holding it. They were heavy blows. He then told me to say that I knew that Eustace la Brooy and Jimmy Boyle were anti Japanese, and if I refused to admit that, he would call the Japanese upstairs to have my head cut off. I refused to admit, but he put it down in the statement. He then asked me to sign the statement. The paper he gave me was a blank one. I signed it, half way down the sheet. He then sent me back to my cell. I stayed there till 11/3/44. @ [Page Break] that day I was brought to court. I was incarcerated 4 months before being brought to court. In all I was caused hurt on 15 to 20 occasions by acc. Tried on 11/3/44 sentenced to 5 yrs imprisonment. When evid. [evidence] read, found out that it was not his statements. Read by interpreter. Corrected & sentenced. Acc not present at trial. He was downstairs. He came up, shook hands & said “I’m very sorry”. I said “That’s all right” I was handcuffed to another prisoner when this happened. I have scars from [deleted]the [/deleted] assaults from acc. (Seen on outside L eyelid, over rear on R elbow, various [inserted] linear [/inserted] scars on R shin low down). [underlined] Cross examined. [/underlined] No trouble with police with first we [indecipherable word], nor with accused. Used to read books, fish. I did nothing special. I knew that all Eurasians had to register themselves. I know what my father wrote in the reg. form. He wrote we were employed as drivers in R. Sigs. He did not declare we were signallers. During this time my brother Insp Foley was head of special branch. Accused worked under him I told Tommy Scott [deleted] this [/deleted] [indecipherable word] [underlined] not [/underlined] to join Jekitas army, but that Govt servants were exempt. I didn’t know anything of the J. acquisition. Some of my friends were member, don’t know what duties are, never asked them. Arrested by Insp. Chein Kim Weng, Jambu & Nakamuria Taken to Pol HQ, remained 1/2 hr, then acc tool me to the gaol. While in gaol assaulted by Insp Chong, Seng Toh, Jambu, Hashimoto, & the accused. I don’t remember saying at prelim inq that I didn’t know how many times I had been assaulted, I may have said that. The acc tortured the political prisoners in person. I deny that acc did not inflict the torture on political prisoner, that he only showed the means. There was = demonstration of physical torture in my presence by the accused. Insp Chong was present, no one else. Insp Chong was sitting down in the chair, and was a spectator to this at the beginning. He did not take part until acc asked him to join in. The weight incident is all truth. The accused had a revolver & threatened to shoot me. I did say at p enq that acc hit me with revolver. This is not correct. He did not hit me with revolver. I pointed out this error when my evidence was read over. The acc had a revolver. He was not a det. at the time, he was a JUNSA BUTCHU, [underlined] sergeant major [/underlined] I don’t know when he got it, but he told me he got his promotion through our case. He got his prom. [promotion] after 15/8/43. [Page Break] [underlined] 8. [/underlined] The death warrant incident is also all true. At the Police Bks, it was not Insp Chong but the acc who beat me up. Hashimoto was not there. Insp Chong told me I had better admit. I never knelt down at Police Bks. I was never compelled by Insp Chong to kneel down – by Hashimoto yes, in goal [symbol] [because] I refused to admit I was a British Solider. I was brought up for trial. Brought before prosecutors for x-examn [examination], when I was in goal. Prosecutor was OSADA. An Indian acted as interpreter during x- exam. He only asked me whether I admitted stopping people joining the Jekat army. Frank Reutens was the leader of my community at the time. I did not know he was spreading news. I don’t know whether the Eurasians regarded me as a menace to the Community. I was not warned that my movements were being watched, by anyone. [underlined] 21st WITNESS [/underlined] [deleted] JACK M [/deleted] [inserted] No.6. [/inserted] [inserted] 6 [/inserted] CECIL EDWARD McLEAN of 136 Burma Road Penang. Hosier. I am at present in custody awaiting trial by the special magistrates. I know the acc I worked under him as a det. during Jap regime. I remember the arrest of M.[ inserted] ichael [/inserted] [underlined] George [/underlined] Foley, can’t remember date. Arrested for harbouring 2 Dutch soldiers in his house. I effected the arrest of M G Foley, on acc’s instructions. I was a det, he was a Sergeant Major. He was responsible to Insp Chong, who in turn was respons.[responsible] to Hashimoto & Insp Chong was Chinese, could speak v [very] little Eng, [English] mostly Malay. I was present when MG Foley was interrog [interrogated] by acc. Acc was trying to get out of M Foley that he sent a letter to get in contact with one of the Dutch Soldiers in Sumatra. M Foley said he knew nothing about it. He was beaten up by acc by an old cycle tyre with wires [deleted] [indecipherable word] [/deleted] [inserted] sticking out [/inserted]. Hit on back, about 15 blows. This went on for about 20 mins. Victim has a shirt on. [deleted] He had [/deleted] His shirt was torn after the beating, [deleted] and had blue lines on his back [/deleted] I saw the injuries which he had sustained. His back was blue, with long red lines. He was very weak & sickly after his beating. Acc, self & Dutch Soldiers, Wm Dexter were there. He was also being brought for interog. Dexter also assaulted by acc. [deleted] present when [/deleted] I am not in post. to say who told acc to beat up Foley & Solider. Acc also told me to watch over Foley family, as most of them were working in the army and might be working for the British as agents. [underlined] Cross examined by Defence [/underlined] Brought to Ct y’day by Insp Foley [Page Break] [deleted] On [/deleted] A few days ago I was asked to make a stat. I made it to Insp Foley/ I know [deleted] ab [/deleted] ABDUL BAKI. I was not the informer in his case, but it is alleged I was. I was not apptd dates for informing on Abdul Baki, [deleted] The Dutch Soldiers [/deleted] I don’t know how the Dutch came to be arrested. I did not know they came to Pg [Penang] to escape internment by Japs in Sumatra. I did not know that the Dutch gave statement to Hashimoto & accused beat up Foley, not Hashimoto. I did not receive bread from acc. to give to Dutch Soldiers. I know they became ill & were sent to hospital. I don’t know that they told Hashimoto, because they were so fed up, that they would tell everything. I do not know what the Dutch soldiers were doing in Pg. First came into contact when arrested after their escape from prison hosp. I know Capt TOOLSERAN. I did not give inf leading to his arrest by Japs, Capt T was my Co. 3rd Bn S.S.V.E., E Coy. He was never working in Jap regime. Acc one day told me to shadow Capt. T. & get contact with all his friends & report to him (acc). I in turn inf Capt. T. all these happenings, that acc was trying to arrest him. [deleted] [indecipherable word] [/deleted] I have never been in close contact with Hashimoto, although I was s detective. I know Jap officer called MURIGAMA. He was H’s successor. I have stayed with him, I was not his [deleted] [indecipherable word] [/deleted] right hand man. I was his chauffer and stayed with him [symbol] [because] he couldn’t drive a car. I am now under arrest as alleged informer for Abdul Baki. [inserted] case still under investigation. [/inserted] [deleted] I was arrested by Jap [/deleted] [underlined]No re-examination[/underlined] [inserted] Adjourned [/inserted] 1300hrs 6/2 Resumption 1415 hrs 6/2 [underlined] 7th WITNESS [/underlined] [inserted] 7 [/inserted] MICHAEL GEORGE FOLEY age 30 years 16 Hua Hong [inserted] Leong [/inserted] Rd – Food inspector of food control office. Lived in Pg during whole Jap occ. Unemployed during that time. Was arrested by Carlile de Silva on 18/5/44 acc effected arrest. 1. For harbouring 2 Dutch soldiers 2. For being a spy. Maclean on the 17/5/44 came to his house and told him to report to Police HQ next day. Names of Dutch soldiers [underlined] John Werjers [/underlined] & [underlined] WM Dexter [/underlined]. Taken to Penang Prison on 18/5/44. Kept until 25/5/44, on that day brought out by Maclean & acc, taken to Police Barracks. Acc, asked me, in his room, to confess everything. He interrogated me in presence of Maclean, Song Toh and [underlined] Cheng Swee [/underlined]. [inserted] acc [/inserted] asked me to admit everything. I asked him what ‘everything’ meant. He told me it was useless for me to hide anything. I should know that. Acc asked me whether I carried army secret letter to MEDAN (Sumatra), to Dutch Intelligence there. I did not admit that. [Page Break] 9. Acc. winked at the others, a sign to start beating me. They were behind me, Song Toh began hitting me, with slaps and punches all over the body and face, all round the room, asking me to admit that I was a spy. This lasted about half an hour. Then acc again asked me to admit and again Seng Toh started punishing me. The accused took a written statement from me. I wrote out the statement personally. After that, he sent me back to the central police station. [deleted] In that statement I put that I we [/deleted] The accused accepted my statement. [deleted] He asked me to write that O took a secret letter [/deleted] but I did not write what he requested me to write. I was detained in the Central Police Station until some time in August 1944, the accused sent for me. Maclean took me to the Police Barracks to the accused’s room, where the accused was alone. The accused asked me to admit that I carried a letter to Medan, saying that the 2 Dutch had already admitted that I had carried a letter there. When I did not admit, he began to hit me with an [underlined] outer tyre of a bicycle. [/underlined] I was hit on my back. I was wearing a shirt at that time. It went on for about half an hour. I cannot remember how many blows were struck: he hit me many times. I was black and blue all over my back and I had a cut from the wire of the tyre. The tyre was like a truncheon. The reinforcing wire was protruding. After the assault, he still wanted me to admit, or he would take me to Insp. Chong. I protested about my treatment & told him I was innocent. I was of course, lying. After1/2 hr he sent me back to the central police station, under the escort of Maclean. I stayed there until February 1945, when I was transferred to the Penang barracks. I next saw the acc. sometime in September 1944. He was interrogating someone else in his room in Police Barracks. He brought me there to see my brother, Wm Foley. He was forcing John Werjers to admit that he was spy. The [deleted] taken [deleted] acc told Werjers that he would beat him to death of he did not admit. [deleted] He was still on [/deleted] Maclean then took me to the Central Police Station. There was no other meeting between self & acc. [inserted] when [/inserted] I was interrogated by acc [deleted[ in the presence of [/deleted] sometime in August 1944. (above), the Dutch soldiers & Maclean were present. Dexter appealed to acc. not to hit me as I was innocent. I went to Sumatra some time in May 1942, to see my sister. At the same time, W. Dexter handed me a secret letter addressed to a Dutch intelligence agent in Medan. Dexter [deleted] was [/deleted] joined the Dutch forces on reoccupation of Penang. The other, Werjers died in prison on 2/2/45. I have a scar as a result of acc. beating me with the tyre. [underlined[ shows scar 1” x 1/8th” below R. shoulder blade. [/underlined] [underlined] cross examined. [/underlined] I was not a member of civil police after Jap occ. of Pg. I did not round up any European soldiers & elements & take then to the Residency. Maclean, on my being told to report to Police HQ, told me that acc. had given me the order to come. He did not tell me it was on the orders of Hashimoto & Chong. The 2 Dutch were arrested about 6 months before I was taken in. They were living with me all the time before that. [Page Break] They did not tell me that Sumatra was too hot a place & they had come to Pg. They asked me to help them, so I let them stay with me. I found out why they came to Pg. they came [symbol] [because] they were sent by Dutch Govt to do intelligence work. I was introduced to them by a friend in Penang Road sometime in March 1942. For the 1st 6 moths they didn’t work, stayed with me at Batu Ferringgi. Later joined Blue Bird Café, as musicians, and Wembley cabaret. I don’t remember Eurasian household being given reg. forms about the same time. The accused treated me badly. I was allowed to go to the coffee shop opposite the barracks because he knew I was going to be released. Once I was interrogated by Chong, Hashimoto not there. He was never present during my interrogations. The accused was there to assist Chong in questioning me. I was told to tell the truth about the Dutch boys. It is untrue that acc only slapped me 1ce [once]. Chong was not there, nor was Song Toh. The accused used the bicycle tyre on me. Once the acc interog John Werjers when I was there. The Dutch boy died of starvation and beri-beri in prison. I agree that at prelim inq. I did not say that the acc gave the others a sign to beat me. I didn’t say that Maclean was present while acc. interrogated John Werjers. I was [deleted] not [/deleted] [inserted] never [/inserted] brought up to Hashimoto for questioning. Hashimoto never asked me for the contents of the secret letter. It was written in Dutch. My sister knows Dutch. I did not know the contents of the letter. [underlined] Re-examined [/underlined] acc brought me to Chong to force me to confess that I knew contents of the letter. 6th Witness [inserted] 8 [/inserted] ALPHONSE CARRIER – 326 Burma Rd, Penang. I am a dresser in the General Hospital, aged 23. I was a dresser in Dec 41 and lived in Penang. [deleted] [indecipherable word] [/deleted] I was so employed until 13/8/43 when I was arrested by Chin Kim Weng, Jambu, Namula, and a few other detectives. First met acc. just before my arrest, socially. He came over to take a statement when I was in gaol about 14/8/43. I was taken to him in the prison office. [deleted] As [/deleted] Without a word, acc slapped me on the face, then punched me in the face more than once. After hitting me, he asked me to speak the truth. I told him I could not admit. He asked me to admit that I had been speaking war news. When I wouldn’t admit, he sent me to Inspector Chong. I didn’t have further contact with acc. Face was discoloured on the right side through punches. [underlined] Cross Examined [/underlined] I was arrested about 4 days after La Brooy. I heard that he was arrested for making V sign. Accused was not present when I was arrested. I remember saying at prelim inq that I only received 3 beatings. Acc took part in 1st only. He punched & slapped me. I missed the slapping out at the prelim inq. Acc did punch & slap me. [deleted] Chong & Son Toh [/deleted]. Incorrect that acc, at no time during incarceration, laid hands on me. I don’t remember seeing prosecutor before trial. I did say he punched me, missed slapping at prelim inq. [underlined] Re-examined [/underlined] – Nil [Page Break] [underlined] 10. [/underlined] 9. [inserted] 9 [/inserted] [underlined] LIONEL CLARENCE COLUMBA FOLEY [/underlined] of 100 Patani Road. Tin smelter, employed by Eastern Smelting Company. 10 mths unemployed after British evac. Penang. After this called to work for the Japanese. Worked for 10 mths then arrested 14/11/43. Arrested by Japanese secret police. I was taken straight for Penang goal & [deleted] kept in [/deleted] put in solitary confinement. I was so confined for 128 days. At the time of my arrest I was not aware of the reason for arrest. I do not know Carlile da Silva [inserted] as a friend [/inserted] I have seen him. [deleted] I got to [/deleted] On 22nd Nov 43, taken from solitary confinement to Police Barracks, to Hashimoto’s office. Only the interpreter Chong Yen was in the office. He phoned for da Silva to come up. acc came up unaccompanied. Identifies acc. [deleted] interpreter showed me bloodstain [/deleted] when acc arrived, told me I had 5 mins. to talk. He told me [inserted] to admit [/inserted] was listening into the radio and propagating news. He also asked me whether Peter Mervyn Foley & Michael Hilary Foley were signallers & W/ops. I told him, I only know they were working on the army as com drivers. Five minutes was up, and he hit with all his force across my face with his fist and pummelled me all over my body with blows. That went on and on for nearly 1/2 hour. I was giddy after this and had to sit down. I had pain around my jaws. He started ?ing [questioning] me again. I did not give him any information. Hashimoto came up. Acc said something to Hashimoto, speaking in Japanese. [deleted] The acc came [/deleted] H. looked at me & the acc threw me over his [deleted] bod [/deleted] shoulder. I fell on the floor on my back. Then he [inserted] acc [/inserted] started kicking me, and Hashimoto stood on my ribs. Acc caught my right arm and twisted it with two hands until I screamed with pain. I was on my side [inserted] then got up [/inserted] Hashimoto hit me on the head with a life preserver with all his might. I nearly fainted. I was allowed to sit down. Continued investigation ‘I admitting listening to allied b’casts up to the conversion of the set in Sept 42. Acc did not believe my story so I was sent back to Penang prison to come up the next day for further torture & investigation. When I returned to prison, I found I was passing blood in my urine, my jaws were swollen and I couldn’t eat for about four days. Blood was in my urine for practically a day. I still have some affliction in my jaw. I can’t chew anything hard now. Dr Scully was in the opposite cell and came over to examine me (dislocated jaw) the acc’s assault lasted for about 50 mins. Brother Henry in gaol at the time of my imprisonment & I saw him there. He was arrested at the same time and for some reason. I last saw me brother alive on 15/11/44 in the Prison Hospital. He died on that day. I was present at his bedside at death in the gaol hospital. He died of beri-beri and dysentery together. [underlined] Cross Examined [underlined] – I know one Lin Ban Siew. It was not exactly on his inf that I was arrested. I said at the P.G. that I understood the stat. [Page Break] to the jap police & mentioned my name. I also know one Macintyre. He owned a shop in Dato Kuanat Rd & was selling spare parts for radio sets. I was working with him and lad to assume that the short waves were in order. My 1st inv. was in Police Bks by C da S. It was not Hashimoto who beat me up in the Pol. [Police] Bks. He threw me twice in the presence of Hashimoto, kicked me [deleted] and tried to wrench my arm. [/deleted] He kicked me & told me to get up. Later I was taken to another Jap offr. For interrog. One Thai was also there. Acc not there. [underlined] No re-examination [/underlined] [inserted] Court adjourned 1613 hrs 6/2 until 1030 hrs 7/2 [/inserted] [underlined] 3rd day. Court re-opened at 1o.55 am. 7/2/46. [/underlined] [inserted] [deleted] 10 [/deleted] [/inserted] [inserted] 10 [/inserted] [underlined] JAMES WILLIAM BOYLE [/underlined] of 3F Logan Rd. 23 yr old. Present occ – clerk – living in Penang during whole of occ. Clerk in elec. dept. Until 13/8/43, then arrested. I did not know the reason of my arrest, but when inv. started, I knew why. Insp. Chin Kim Weng, Jambu & a few other detecs. came to my house. Immea. [Immediately] taken to Pg. gaol. I know acc. by sight & by name – Carlile da Silva. Identifies acc. Saw acc. on 16/8/43 in one of rooms in gaol. Acc, Song Toh, [deleted] Chong [/deleted], Chin Kin Weng, Jambu and many others. Acc asked me to admit that I was solely respons [responsible] for spreading allied war news among my friends. I told him I was not respons. He insisted that I was solely respons & wanted to know where I got the news from. He wanted me to say that I was the leader of the boys. I did not admit. Acc took me to the detective Branch, Pg Rd. [deleted] f [/deleted] On arrival there & was kept for 3 weeks and 6 day. I was interrogated on one occasion, by acc, upstairs on the second floor. Song Toh was present he asked me to admit that I was anti-Japanese. I did not admit. He brought me back to the gaol, I remained there until 2/9/45. On 17/9/43, he interrogated me in gaol, Jumbu, Alphonse Carrier, & Eustace La Brooy. Acc said I was anti-Japanese, which I denied. He then asked me to admit that I was wholly respons. for discussing news among friends. Denied. Acc slapped me, three blows across the face. Before he struck me he said [underlined] he had to do his duty to the Japanese Police. [/underlined] Having slapped me, he sent us (?) back to our cells in the gaol. There was no effect on me. At fourth interog, taken down alone to an office in gaol, the same office. I saw acc, [deleted] al [/deleted] Insp. Chong, and Jambu. Acc said “ You are definitely anti–Japanese.” I replied saying I was not anti-Japanese. The acc [deleted] asked [/deleted] [inserted] spoke to [/inserted] Chong in Malay [deleted] to assault me [/deleted] Chong hit me on the abdomen, face, chest, and head with a steel rod about 3 feet long and an inch in diameter. Blows struck with utmost violence. I was sent sprawling on the floor and almost fainted. I was dazed. acc. present throughout. I [Page Break] [underlined] 11. [/underlined] limped back to my cell. After [inserted] acc’s [/inserted] Chong kicked me in the face with his boots. Insp. Chong had boots on. I started bleeding from my nose. He kicked me in the back & I had severe pain in my back. Three days after this, when I was put back in my cell, I started urinating blood. That lasted for a year and six months. I was sentenced by Japs to 5 years rigorous imprisonment. [underlined] Cross Examined [/underlined] I just knew acc by sight on arrest. I broadcast for the japs after occ. Acc not present at my arrest. My house was thoroughly searched at arrest & a radio belong to me was found. Radio taken to det. branch offices. In prison I met A. Carrier [deleted] Mervyn [/deleted] [inserted] Michael [/inserted] Foley. G Coombs, U Magness, Hannigan (?), A. de. Silva, L. Hesler. I told war news only to A. Carrier and E. La Brooy, G Coombs and U. Magness. I did not receive any food from the accused while in gaol. No one smuggles anything to me. I was kept in sol- con. [solitary confinement] and knew nothing about smuggling. At Pol. Bks. I was allowed food from my own home, at interrog. [deleted] [indecipherable word] [/deleted] I do not agree that acc. was instrumental in bringing food or allowing food to be brought. I don’t think I mentioned at P enq. I did not mention that acc. wanted me to admit that I was anti-jap. I later knew reason for arrest. I comm. war news to La B. There were us jap offrs. present at 2nd interrog., on the other three occ. none. La B & Carrier were being interrog at my 3rd interrog. Acc. definitely laid his hands on me on 3rd occasion. He gave a few claps on face, that was all on one occas. A Carrier & E. La Brooy were there. Song Toh slapped me too. I was not brought before proc before trial. Trial in private chambers. AGATA was there, [indecipherable word][inserted] Koo [/inserted], Soong Chi, that’s all. Agata just read the sentence out, we were given no chance whatsoever, to speak. acc not there. I [inserted] was [/inserted] in Sgp when japs invaded Malaya. Not in Pg. when Pg occ. By Japs cannot say date of Jap. occ. Pg. [underlined] no re-examination [/underlined] [inserted] 11 [/inserted] [underlined] DIO SEE BENG. [/underlined] Speaking in Hailam – lives at 40 Service Rd., Penang., I am a cook, 28 yrs I was in Pg from beginning to end of Jap occ. I was a coffee shop assist with Chop Laim Seng in Pg. Rd. I was arrested by da S, Song Toh, and Chiang Swee, on 9/12/43 at 3.30pm. I was taken to Pg Rd Pol Bks. First to Insp Chong’s office (on same day). I was [underlined] assaulted [/underlined] by 6 or 7 people inc. da S., Song Toh, Chiang Swee. Acc struck me with baton on my ribs while my hands were being held out sideways by two men, more than ten blows struck. Baton about 3’ long, 11 /2 thick, made of black wood. I was assaulted altogether on 9 occasions, 3 occasions by a Jap, Hashimoto, 6 occasions by Chiang Swee, acc., Song Toh, Insp. Chong, and 2 other detective whom I knew by sight. Present on every 6 of the occasions – I have desc. [described] 1st Occ. [underlined] 2nd occasion. [/underlined] 11/12/43. In Insp. Chong’s room – Detecs were present, Insp. Chong, Song Toh, Chaing Swee, & acc. my hands were tied behind my back by Swee & acc. These people then stood around me & “fisted” me. Also acc. Lasted over an hour. Could not [Page Break] withstand punishment, appealed to them for help. Then da S. & Swee said they could not help me a it was a rule of Japanese regime. After this assault I was sent to Carnarvon St. Pol. Stn. Acc asked me to admit, while I was in van, asked me to admit I took part in contacting allied Air Force to bomb Pg & also in planning to poison Jap high officials. I denied knowledge of these things. I and my friends used to assemble in a house at 48 Heitton Lane, a front room upstairs. That room was raided 2ce [twice] nothing was found and I was arrested at my house. It was [symbol] [because] of this assembling that I was arrested. In this room I had been making anti – jap, pro-Brit plans 3rd occasion 15/12/43. Chiang Swee came to Cvn St Pol Stn & took me to Insp. Chong’s office. Swee, acc, Song Toh & Chong present. Insp. Chong [deleted] asked [/deleted] [inserted] told [inserted] me that I and other were anti jap & planning for death of Japs & that if I adm. this was so. I would be released. I did not admit, & Chong ordered other people to assault me. He said, pointing at me, “this is a bad man, he should not be allowed to live; beat him to death.” Swee & acc & Song Toh carried me & threw me on the ground face downwards. I became dazed & knew nothing for about half an hour, then was given a glass of water by Chiang Swee. I felt pain over my body, could not see, taken to det. Stn lock up, where I remained 2 nights. When I came to, da S was still in room. Before I became dazed I remember Insp Chong telling me I was so foolish for not wanting to admit. “You will be beaten to death if you do not admit”. I was thrown to the ground 5 or 6 times. I was kicked by these people, acc. incl. acc helped to thrown me each time. It was a cement floor. Thrown from about 3 1/2 feet. I was lifted from above this ht. [height] then thrown. I was thrown face d’wards about 4 times, then Chong stood on my back. Da S. asked me to admit, while Chong was standing on my back & told me If I didn’t admit I’d be beaten to death. For two days I could not sleep & could not eat. I felt pain all over my body. Discolouration on chest, ribs and small of back. No marks now. I did not rec. treatment after this assault. [underlined] 4th Occasion [/underlined] 3 days after 1st occ. Song Toh came to take me out from det. Stn. lock up. I was taken to Chongs office. Chong, acc, Chiang Swee there, also Song Toh. Song Toh said I was so foolish, I had been beaten so severely & wouldn’t admit. If I admitted I would be released, he said. I told him I know nothing & appealed to all of them to help me. Then Song Toh raised his fist & [deleted] struck [undecipherable word] [/deleted] & struck me on my chest, a violent blow. Then the others joined assault. He also assaulted me, he punched me on my right ear with his fist, and blood came out. This went on for about an hour, intermittently. I am sure the acc took part with others, minor part. After this I was taken back to lock up. I felt pain all over my body. I asked Chong to send me to the [deleted] undecipherable word [/deleted] [inserted] hospital [/inserted], but he refused. I wanted to go for treatment for pain in body. [Page Break] [underlined] 12. [/underlined] [underlined] 5th Occasion [/underlined] 5 days later. Chiang Swee & acc burned me, pointing to inner left forearm. Paper was twisted in “sticks”, dipped in oil, lighted, put against me arm, the lighted ends and on my knee. 3 or 4 lighted sticks were used. Acc had 1. Chaing Swee had the other – acc burned me on the arm. [deleted] [indecipherable words] [/deleted] It caused me pain. I called out for help (? to Gods?) pear shaped scar inner R. arm ovoid [inserted] protruding [/inserted] scar L. kneecap, small ovoid R. kneecap shown. (Forearm Scar discolouration of skin, a mottled brown colour) [underlined] 6th occasion [/underlined] – beaten with rattan by acc & Chaing Swee. Acc & C.S. each held a rattan; I was standing between the two. Each had a rattan. I appealed to CS. I was struck on L upper arm & all over my body. Both of them hit me simultaneously, each had a rattan about 41 x 3/4 “ thick (thickness of thumb) Chong was not present. Lasted about 1/2 hour. Acc asked me, during this time, to admit. I could not withstand this beating & I admitted. There was pain all over my body. Marks now visible on R. upper arm, outer aspect. Other marks now faded. Indicates 1 linear scar 1 1/2“ in length. I broke down and admitted. Chong typed out a docmt.[ document] & asked me to sign. Chong read out & Song Toh interpreted contents to me. I then signed it. After being detained for 7 mths, I was taken to Ct. In det, felt pain in body in [undecipherable word] Kromat Rd & (?) [inserted] wife [/inserted] brought medicine to me. I asked Chong to send me doctor but he refused. I attribute the pain to the assault on me all 6 occasions. I felt pain in chest, could hardly breath freely, at first I had headaches, pain in general all over body. Persisted for over 2 months. There were never, on any one of these occns, any fellow culprits present. I was put in sol. conft in a cell. On one occn, Foo Chee Suan was assaulted in my presence, also another man assaulted, him Beng [deleted] Chi [/deleted] Fooi. Even to this day, there is always pus in [deleted] his [/deleted] [inserted] my [/inserted] R ear. Chong Swee & de Silva beat me on this ear, with fists. I was taken to this present bldg. at the end of inprismt & was charged before 3 Jap Offs, for being anti-jap. Planning to poison & sentenced to 10 years rigorous imprisonment. Acc was not present the. [deleted] Statmt. I had to sign was [/deleted] Jap judge read from doc., interpreted to me [deleted] Told [undecipherable words] [/deleted] My statement (note- one taken under duress) was read out. I told Ct it was untrue, they said it was a true statement. I did not pleased guilty [underlined] Cross Examined by Defence [/underlined] Court adjourned until 2.15pm 7/2 Court re-opened 14.22hrs 7/2 Witness on former oath. I came to know acc. after my arrest. I speak a little Malay. I don’t understand English. The acc spoke to me in Malay during beatings-up. Words (interpreted by Malay int in Ct) –“ We went asst the Japanese we were arrested by Japanese, we will beat you to death. In the hands of the Japs you cannot be hurt, you are sure to be beaten to death,, No I cannot help, wait until the British come, then you can be helped” Acc laid hands on me at that time; the other were present also laid hands on me. Acc. spoke to me. [Page Break] in Malay. He addressed me on a second occasion “Now you want to administer poison & kill the soldiers & Japanese Officers. [deleted] You [/deleted] Now you don’t believe me – (?) in the hands of Japanese you cannot be released.” This is true. (Raised hand inct.) Hashimoto was not present on the 6 occasions. I can’t recollect very well when I was burned, I don’t know whether it was the 4th or 5th occn. That incident did take place. Before I was arrested I had no scars. At arrest I was wearing a shirt and a pr [pair] of trousers, a short sleeves shirt. I did not get the scar on my arm while being beaten by people other than da Silva. I know AH/YAP. Q. Would you be surprised to hear Ah Yap say you had this scar before your arrest A. It would surprise me. Q. If he were to say such a thing, what would you say to it. A. He would be telling a lie. I met Ah Yap only once, and have never had a friendly relationship with him [deleted] [undecipherable words] [/deleted] I had no trouble with Ah Yap before my arrest. He had something to do with my arrest. He and? Ah hip gave inf leading to my arrest. On all 6 occ tool part in the assault. It is untrue that he only slapped me once. He did hit me on these occasions. I did mention the names of Song Toh, Chong & Swee in the lowest as being partially response for [deleted] beatings [/deleted] [inserted] deaths [/inserted] of my five friends besides acc. In connec with cause of deaths of [inserted] the [/inserted] 5 people I did not mention their names; I was not asked. [underlined] Re- examined [/underlined] – It is correct to say I only met Ah Yap 1ce. [deleted] it was a long time [/deleted] It was about a month or two before my arrest, at the market, in the daytime, about 12 o’clock. I was buying vegetables. I was wearing a white shirt & a pair of long trousers. Wearing short sleeves. That was the only time I saw Ah Yap. Next time was on the 9th Dec 43 at the Chourasta Mkt, when this Ah Yap was together with several people incl Ah hip. He nodded at me, but didn’t speak to me. nev stay with me again. I never saw him again. [inserted] 12 [/inserted] [underlined] YAP [deleted] NGIT [/deleted] [inserted] NYIG [/inserted] FOONG. [inserted] Hakka dialect [/inserted] 294 [deleted Lower [/deleted] [inserted] Tulla [/inserted] Bahang, Penang. At present unemployed. I was in Pg during Jap occupn. I was arrested by Japanese sometime in 1944, I don’t remember month or day. 4 persons arrested me. Acc was one of 4 (points) the others were Chinese whose names I don’t know. I know acc, he was a detect in Jap Police. He came to my house in plain clothes; [deleted] he was [/deleted] I did not notice whether he was armed but the other 3 dets were armed. The accused was the leader of the party. I didn’t know acc before my arrest. [deleted] Lilw [/deleted] [inserted] Liew [/inserted] Piong did the talking. I just recollected his name now, in Ct. Liew Piong acc me of feeding European soliders. Acc. asked me questions when I was taken to the police station. I don’t remember the date of that. I was detained at Carnarvon St. Pol stn for 2 weeks then taken to Police Bks. A Chinese questioned me. acc. was there, and assaulted me. Those who arrested me were present. Acc. hit me with 3 rattans tied together, about 2 1/2 ft long & 1” thick, hit me 4 or 5 times on my back, nowhere else. The effect was that I coughed blood after I had been released from gaol. I was released 5 or 6 months after beating. I don’t know whether there were any marks on my body. Beating took up to 5 minutes. [Page Break] [underlined] 13. [/underlined] I was not brought to court at all. I fed British Soldiers about 12 and I harboured them, I fed them for 5 or 6 days. As soon as they finished their meals they went up the hills. It was about 10 days after 10 days after Jap occupn of Penang. Cross examined – I did not know Liew Piong before I was arrested. He gave inf. leading to my arrest & that of others. I can understand a little Malay, I don’t understand English. I understand & speak a little Malay. Acc. did lay hands on my & assault me. If he had not assaulted me I would not have acc. him. I have not accused the other detecs who had not laid hands on me. The others 3 who arrested me did not assault me. No re-examination. [inserted] 13 [/inserted] [underlined] MAT SAAD BIN MAT TOI [/underlined] – (in Malay) - Woodcutter, no 88. Telok Bahang. I am about 34. I was in Pg throughout Jap occ. I was in the prison during that time. I was put in either 3rd March or 2nd April 1944, for feeding British soldiers. I was sentenced to 5 yrs -?-. I was feeding British soldiers, two white men & 1 Indian; they were in short trousers, I cannot say that they were definitely soldiers. [deleted] They fed at my house [/deleted] I gave money to my friend who gave them food. I saw them once only. Someone laid hands on me before my sentence – da Silva. It was while I was in Detective Stn. Tan Cheng Swee was there, [deleted] no one else [/deleted] Lim Chap Sing, also. Ah Chong was in charge of proceedings. My hands were tied with rope by acc. My feet were” slightly on the ground”. The rope was tied to the top of the door. My feet were touching with my toes. I could not have lowered my heels to the floor. Acc. started to assault me by knocking my stomach with his knee. He also struck me with a feather duster on my back and buttock. He (acc) was standing on the floor. The handle of the feather duster was used. The handle was the thickness of my thumb. Duster was about 3’ overall. On rope for about 30 mins. acc untied rope, when he had assaulted me & ?d me. I felt pain from the assault. I told acc. I was in pain. I yelled out “ Tuay please do not beat me, it’s painful.” Afterwards their [sic] were bruises on my buttocks so that I was unable to sit down for two days, in comfort. I had to sit on one side. There are visible signs on my [deleted] undecipherable word [/deleted] [inserted] wrists [/inserted] of the effect of the rope tied thereon. Shows 2 scars R.wrist, one 2” up inner forearm, other at junction of wrist, and scar at base of R. Thumb. [underlined] Cross examined [underlined] When I had my hands tied, Tan Cheng [deleted] Sw [/deleted] [inserted]Swee [/Swee] struck me with a ruler on my head. He lifted up my body & threw me on the floor. That was all he did to me – Lim Kiat Sing struck me with his fist when I was in the police stn. Chong did not do anything to me. I do not know if Chong told de Silva to tie my hands: I merely know it was de Silva who did it. The accused did not only strike me once or twice, that is not true Yes, I did say that I saw no-one else [Page Break] [deleted] strike [/deleted] struck by acc at prelim enq. [underlined] Re-examined [/underlined] – (Omitted ? by Prosec ) – was the accused present at the time of your arrest? Yes he was one of those who arrested me. [inserted] 14 [/inserted] [underlined] TENG YOK HENE [/underlined] (Hailan) of 1 Sepoy Lines. I am 22 yrs old. I am a cook. I was working in the Jap Governors hse [house] as a cook during Jap occn., in the Residency. I worked there as a cook for about a month. Then I was arrested by Nakamuria & a Chinese detective, at the Residency while I was in kitchen. They alleged that I & 1 other were planning to poison the Jap officials and to get the Allied Air Force to bomb Pg. I had not planned to poison the Jap officials. I did not take part in any poisoning discussions. 6 others were arrested on the same day for the same reason. A little [deleted] later [/deleted] before, 7 others has been arrested in the same connection. 14 altogether. I was detained in prison about 7 months. I see the accused, I know him; [deleted] he [undecipherable word] [/deleted] but not his name. I was arrested on 11/12/43 and on foll day, acc & Chong assaulted me from 10am – 5pm, intermittently. First of all I was assaulted in the [deleted] prison, then at the Detective station then e [/deleted] detection station. The acc, Chong & another Chinese det assaulted me. He [inserted] acc [/inserted] lifted me up & threw me over his shoulder on to the floor on my back. The he handcuffed me [sic] hands behind my back & suspended me by a rope from a big nail which was on top of the door. I was not touching the ground, but about 3 feet off the floor. I was laying down when I was handcuffed, struggling, lying on my face. They caught my hands when they were in front of me & handcuffs were placed on my hands when hands were behind my back. It was then that the rope was connected & I was suspended. I felt pain all over my body when I was hanging. The acc. hit me with his fist on, my chest and ribs & I was dazed & don’t know how many times. – I appealed to him for help. I was hanging for about 15 mins. Of the 13 others, I saw 3 of them with blood on their clothing, on the front. I was not taken to court, but taken to procurators house in this building. I was released & taken back to work in Governors kitchen. [deleted] 6 other realised same day [/deleted], I reported the ill treatment when I returned to employment to the Governor. [underlined Cross – examined [/underlined] – [deleted] I was [/deleted] I was also arrested for being in possn of pistols and rifles in the house. I was also brought up on that charge. I know one [deleted] La manoo(?) [deleted] [inserted] LAH MAN OOH [/ inserted] he was arrested on the next day to me. [deleted] He [/deleted] I was never in the same cell as this man. The acc. assaulted me – I knew him. I did not tell about these assaults in lower court because I was never asked. I did mention that I received [deleted] [indecipherable word] [/deleted] [inserted] more [/inserted] severe punishment then [underlined] Dio See Beng [/underlined] [Underlined] No Re-examination. [/underlined] [Page Break] [Underlined] 14. [/underlined] [inserted] 15 [/inserted] [underlined] LIM BAN SIEW [underlined] – [deleted] off [/deleted] of 77A North Beach. Working as clerk in Penang throughout Jap Occ, but unemployed. One day during occ. on 11/11/43, I was arrested. It was alleged that I had a xmitter & that I sent massages to allies, that I tuned in to allies b’casts, and that I had spread war rumours. It was an offence then to have a rec’ing set, only to have a xmitter. I had no xmitter, I did not listen in. I used to talk to my friends – talk in favour of the Brit. Hashimoto, Ida, One Taiwanese named Chin & Chinese detective. I was taken to the Police Bks, Pg Rd & asked ? by Hashimoto, in the presence of Song Toh & the acc. During the ?ing, Song Toh, Hashimoto & acc. all laid hands on me. After my statement, [deleted] Soh [/deleted] all 3 said they didn’t believe me, so H. started to slap me & Song Toh gave me 2 blows on my chest with his clenched fist. acc. caught hold of my shirt [deleted] H [/deleted] on the chest & threw me over his shoulder on to my back. H. walked out of the office. acc. took revolver pointed it at me & said that if I didn’t tell the truth he would shoot me dead. Acc & Song Toh were both in the room. I couldn’t tell whether the pistol was loaded. I was afraid that the gun my go off. acc slapped me 3 or 4 times on both cheeks. I had pain in the back, which I feel even now in my kidneys I think it is the cause of the acc. throwing me. I was brought before the chief pros released & warned to be on good behaviour for a year. I was incarcerated altogether for 51/2 months. [underlined] Cross Examined [/underlined] I did not give inf. against one Lionel Clarence Columbus Foley. I was not accused by Ida of owning radio spares. I did not own a shop or these parts. McIntyre did. He is dead. He was lodging with us. I had no business dealings with him. I did not own a shop in Data H. rd with McIntyre, nor did I sell spares. I did not permit LCC Foley to dissem. allied news. I have seen [deleted] him [/deleted] Hui Huat once. Later I found out he was working for Ida. He did not invite me & F. McI to many dinners; not true. He never took me to (?) Waverly Cabaret -// The acc had a revolver with him. He was not a common det., he was a JUNSA BUTCHO – [inserted] one word, a sup inspector. I was ? 10 days after my arrest. I can’t say at all whether or not revolver was loaded. [underlined] No – re-examination [/underlined] [inserted] Court adjourned 16 [deleted] 35 [/deleted] [inserted] 40 [/inserted] hrs until 1000 hrs 8/2 [/inserted] [underlined] President Questions Witness [/underlined] I was resid in Pg when J. Occ. Island I was resid in B. troops evac island. I cannot recall date of B. evac; J. occ was, I believe some time in December 1941. Court re-opened 1000 hrs 8/2 [Page Break] 1015 hrs 8/2/46 [underlined] 2nd witness – JACK ROZELLS, recalled on former affirmation. [/underlined] I wish to correct evidence given in my exanimation – in – chief. To wit that Mr Lim Swee Hin informed against me. He did not do so. I am not entitles to blame him. My statement on oath was otherwise correct. [underlined] cross- examined [/underlined] – [deleted] he [/deleted] It is incorrect to say I handed Lim Swee Hin a slip of paper. There was no paper handed to anyone. I also made the incorrect stat. at prelim enq. [underlined] Re-examined [/underlined] – Explanation I have to offer slipped my mind. I made mistake 1ce [symbol] [because] my memory failed me. [inserted] [deleted] 15 [/deleted] [/inserted] [inserted] 16 [/inserted] [underlined ] OSWALD JAMES FOLEY [underlined] – chief installation insp, Electric Supply Dept., Pg of 16, Hwa Hinn Leong Rd, Penang. [Defence not supplied with copy of statement, wishes to defer x-examination] [Court grant application to defer x-exam.] I know C da S: I first met him after fall of Pg. Some time in Dec 41. I have a friend called Tom Scott. [deleted] with whom [/deleted] I met acc. again in Nov. 43. I was walking with Tom Scott alongside Pol. Bks. (1st week of Nov. 43. ) It was about 10.30 am., in [deleted] Penang Rd. [/deleted] Deacon St. The acc, came out by side entrance of Bks. He spoke to Scott. I heard him say “Oh! The Foleys they think they are some ‘big-shots’” He tapped a file he was carrying and said “I have got them just where I want them, and I’ll pull in the bastards one by one.” [deleted] he [/deleted] I was about 2-3 yds. away. I made no reply. We had been introduced a few months before. It appeared to me that he knew I was listening. I thought the remark was made for my benefit. He was in civ. [civilian] clothes, I couldn’t say he was armed. [deleted] I [/deleted] I don’t know what his rank was. [inserted] [deleted] 16 [/deleted] [/inserted] [inserted] 17 [/inserted] [underlined] Cross examination deferred until [deleted] tomorrow [/deleted] 2.15pm today. [/underlined] [underlined] CHIN KIM WENG [/underlined] – Insp. of police, stood at Police HQ, Penang. I have been with Straits Settlement Police [deleted] a clerk and interpreter [/deleted] force since Oct. 1931. Prior to that, clerk & interpreter in the force since April 1918. Pg. was evac by Brit. Troops, as far as I can remember on 17/12/49. I was in Pg as Insp of Police in Dec’41. When Japs arrived, I was hiding in hills [inserted[ Tanjong Bunga [/inserted] I hid until 1st May 1942 – Then I joined the police the Japanese police. I tried to get employment in other department, (Govt) but was not successful. I decided to join the Police, Ban Swee Lin threatened me that I would be arrested. I joined police & was posted to Police Insp to Butterworth. I was one month in B’w’h [Butterworth]– after that transferred [inserted] 1/6/42 [/inserted] to Pg. On 16/7/42 I was called to Chief of Police, YAMAOTO, who asked me record the aliens in Pg. That lasted about a week. On 23/7/42 I was asked to take over duties of issuing travel passes. I did so. Stayed on that til Sept 43. Then transferred to Informt. Dept. My duties were to collect inf. from Insp i/c Divns. There until April 1944. Then I left the Police & joined [Page Break] [underlined] 15 [/underlined] Commerce & Industry. Police dismissed me [symbol] [because] I was not a very competent Pol. Off. I am now 46. Retiring age 45. I had not reached retirement age when dismissed. I know C. da S. I see him now. I met him when I was with Jap Police. He was in a team of Pol off under inspector Chong, as a detective in Special Branch. He took on this occ, joined as det. after I joined pol. He progressed v. favourably. When I was dismissed he was a Sergeant Major, corresp to a S.M. in S.S. Police. (He was JUNSABUTCHO) I was on staff of Pol when acc promoted to S.M. Also in his “team” were Song Ton, (a Chinese), Chong (Chinese) & Da S. (Eurasian) & Insp Jambu, Da S & Jambu English speaking. [deleted] Team was for [undecipherable word] [/deleted] Function – to suppress anti – jap elements, in particular, people who were pro-British. There were a number of arrests of British subj. at hands of this team. A number of Eurasians were included. I saw the arrests coming in E. La. Brooy, [inserted] P. Mervyn [/inserted] Foley, Jack Rozells, Boyle, A. Carrier, and the two other Eurasians. M. G. Foley, Lionel CC Foley. I saw these brought in on divers dates. 1st was E. La Brooy. The remainder were arrested all on one night, about 2 weeks after la B. They were arrested while I was still on staff of Jap Police. Acc. was promoted to Junsabutcho about a week after the arrest of Eustace La Brooy. From detective to Junsabutcho. It is a big jump. He missed being a Sergeant. Normally the prom. from det to S.M would take about 12 years in the S.S. Police Force. Acc had been a det. for about a year. Promotions made by Hashimoto, officer I/C spe. Bch. He was an offr. with 5 stars. There was another Eurasian promoted – Jambu to S.M. Chong was prom insp. from detec. Song Toh was prom. from det to Sub Inspector. I was not present when these 4 men were in conf (ie Hash. S.T., Jambu & acc) [underlined] Cross examined. [underlined] – There were many procs [proclamations]. Issued by Japs prior to my joining Police Force in occn. I did not see the proclamations. I did not read them on the walls. I read them in the newspapers. The procs were addressed inhabits & for preservation of peace and order. During these days people lived in fear and terror. I saw the [deleted] [indecipherable word] [/deleted] [inserted] notice. [/inserted] that all former employees [deleted] were [/deleted] of the Brit govt were to report back to duty. It was not in comm. with this that acc. went to see me. I did not know acc till I was at B’w’h. I sent him one in Penang while I was in Pol. Bks. Acc told me he was a policeman before Japs came, prior to Dec 41, in the S.S. Police Force. He, [inserted] (acc) [/inserted] was transferred to Pg & then to B’w’h when Japs came. I met the acc in B’w’h. He did not come at my request. He said he was unemployed. The he said he would like to join up & I told him he would be informed if there were any vacancies. He then went away. I next saw him some time in Aug 42. He came to the Pol Bks in Pg & offered his services & started with the police. I was in the company of the Jap officer who was my superior when arrests of all these Eurasians were effected. Chong, Hashimoto, Nakamuria, and others I don’t remember took part in these arrests. [Page Break] I effected the arrest of Foley, Carrier, Boyle. These 3 addresses were furnished by Hashimoto. I was warned by Hash that these people must be brought in. The accused was sent to the M.P (?) office to give assistance, together with Chong. They were only there for about 3 months. They complained of being assaulted for not carrying out their duties. I know one Ng team [inserted] G Fooy [/inserted] Loay, a det. Insp. during Jap occ. I don’t know that acc & Jambu appealed to him to be transferred to Special Branch. I can’t remember whether the acc & J came to me for assistance also in this direction. We were all in fear of the head of Spl. Bch. called Hashimoto (‘The Tiger of Penang’). All were afraid accept a very few who were his favourites like Song Ton and Chong & Nakamuria was also in this branch. He was asst & interpreter to Hashimoto. Another Chinese Chong Chong Hean was also interpreter here. I knew one Chong Chee Yoon, an Insp. He was Hashimoto’s right hand man. He was promoted to rank of Kei Shi – superintendent while Hashimoto was here. He was controlling Sp. Bch under Hashimoto. Wee Kian Tat was also Ins. of police, after I left When I left Pol force, Song Toh was sub insp. There was a secret service branch under a Jap. called Ida. He was mostly concerned with persons spreading allied news. Very often member of spc. bch were called upon to [deleted] arrest [/deleted] assist in such arrest for the Jap Secret Service. These interviews were conducted on Ida’s room. I was never present at any investigation. I was given the post of Shuni, O/I/C, when I first joined police. The inf. about Patterson was given to me by a Jap. M.P. A detec. Located him and he was taken to Police. [underlined] Re-examination [/underlined] – Da Silva was a favourite, also, of Hashimoto. Jambu was senior to acc in rank. [deleted] [indecipherable word][/deleted] Interog sometimes conducted in room of acc. They would be conducted by acc. [deleted] instructions for their witnesses [/deleted] [inserted]Instructions for [/inserted] arrests of Foley, La Brooy & others [inserted] Pres [symbol] [/inserted] emanated from Special Branch, I am sure of theat.// Hashimoto did not tell me that acc was his favourite. I say he was favourite [symbol] [because] acc told me he had a loan from Hashimoto. I also say he was favourite [symbol] [because] he was promoted after arrest of La Brooy. Acc was working for Japanese about one year before arrest of Eustace La Brooy. Acc., to my knowledge, was empowered to make any arrest he chose, by virtue of this office he held. As far as Eurasians were concerned he acted on instns. from his head of Department. If he had failed to carry our orders [inserted] for arrest [/inserted] given by his head of Department he would have be subject to disciplinary action. Q. Can you remember the date of Jap. Occ. Pg. – A. Either on 19/12/41 or 20/12/41, as far as I can recollect. By 20/21. Pg was in their hands. Q. How do you know acc was [deleted] subject to [/deleted] [inserted] acting on [/inserted] instr. from head of dept? – All instr. were given by head of dept – Hashimoto. Q. To whose orders were you subject? – (A) To Hashimoto Q, Were you senior in rank to acc (A) Yes My department, which was the issue of travel passes, was a part of spe bch I was not present when at any time Hashimoto gave acc. instructions. [Page Break] [underlined] 16. [/underlined] I don’t know personally whether acc. received int. on person with reference to these arrests, but he must have recd. Some instructions to have so acted. Before promotion it is not necessary to pass any examinations. Court adj. 1220 until 1440 8/2 Court re-opened 1430 hrs 8/2 [underlined] OSWALD JAMES FOLEY [/underlined] recalled for cross-examination. I am sure I was in the company of Tommy Scott when acc [deleted] spoke to me [/deleted] [inserted] met us [/inserted]. The acc did see me in the company of T. Scott. I met acc in Francis Night School – 1st occ after Japs arrived. Sometime in Dec 41. The acc. was at B’w’h but he came over. It is not true that acc. did not come over to Penang Island until July 1942. [inserted] 18 [/inserted] No re-examination. [underlined] ABDUL BAKI son of IBRAHIM [/underlined] of 108H Sungei Penang Rd Penang – (speaking in Punjabi) – aged 53 yrs. Before Jap occ in 3 Pen Vol Force. I was in Penang when Japs were here cpl in 3rd Bn, HQ Coy. I was arrested during Jap occ. After I had been in prison for 5mths I was sick & taken to lock up in Gen. Hosp. Pg. I know acc da Silva. The acc came to see me at the lock up in Gen Hosp [deleted] to [/deleted] 10 days later. He said “This is the proper place for you, where are your English medals, your English father, you bloody swine?” This is all he said to me, said it arrogantly. I did not reply. He never said anything further, but then left. Once Maclean had reported against me that I was a British Spy: that is why I was arrested [underlined] Cross Examined [underlined] I don’t see Maclean in Ct. Yes, I’ve known him for last 10 yrs. He is my friend. I was treated as an alien during Jap. occ. I had to comply with Jap orders for aliens. I was sent for on 18 occ. by Jap Police. I was arrested by M.P on 5 occns. I may not recollect dates. I knew acc. was det. In Spec. bch. The S.B. had conversation with M.P. cases. The orders of the MP were that all members of spec bch. were to repent with …… I still maintain that acc entered prison lock up and came to me. There was a male Chinese present at my interog by acc. in lock up. [deleted][underlined] No re-examination [/underlined][/deleted]. He was a radio repairer. I cannot recollect his name. I did not give evid. at premlim enq. I was first asked to give evidence in this case yesterday. I had not made any statement to police prior to yesterday, but I made a stat. to Intelligence 3-4 months ago. [inserted] 19 [/inserted] [underlined] [deleted] WILLIAM [/deleted] [inserted] WILFRED [/inserted] GUY STREET. [underlined] Capt in general list att Civil affairs Police, Malaya. I know acc. C da. S. when we landed on 3/9/45 I was assisting an Intelligence Assault Unit to collect evid. agst these people responsible for atrocities in Penang. [Page Break] I received stats. implicating the acc. I arrested acc. [inserted] about 5 to 6 sept 45. [/inserted] accompanied [inserted] by [/inserted] Insp. Foley of Police who showed me acc’s residence and acc. in it. I arrested him there & then took him straight to Penang Gaol. He was not in uniform [deleted] he changed [/deleted] I did not charge acc. He was det. on auth to Assault Unit [deleted] [underlined] No K name [/underlined] [/deleted], “ a security arrest.” [underlined] OSWALD JAMES FOLEY [/underlined] recalled by Defence. I was not called as wit. For pros. at p. enq. I was called upon on 3rd of Feb 1946. First made Statement on 3/2/46. I made a voluntary statement to “ a court official.” [deleted] [underlined] CONCLUSION OF [undecipherable word] FOR PROSECUTION [underlined] [/deleted] [inserted[ 20 [/inserted] [deleted] 18 [/deleted] [underlined] VERNON ERNEST DAWSON. [/underlined] (F/L) I presided over prelim inq. into this case. Produces true certifies copy of charges on prelim inq. I was presiding offr of a Dist. Ct. to whom acc was sent on a charge of alleged collab. After recording evid. I formed charge agst acc for Supreme Ct. and acc committed to stand trial before Ct now sitting. Until I formed charges, there were no charges formed agst. acc, as far as I am aware. 1st charge asst. enemy, 2nd causing grievous hurt to 3 people, 3 causing [deleted[ harm [/deleted] [inserted] hurt [/inserted] to several people. 1 – Def Regs’39 2 – sections of Penal Code, 3 – ditto. [underlined] No X-exam. [/underlined] [underlined] CASE FOR PRESECUTION COMPLETED. [/underlined] Court adjourned until Mon or Tue at 10. [inserted] 14/2/46 [inserted] Not guilty on charges [deleted] 1 & altern [/deleted] [inserted] altern 1st[/inserted] 4 & altern. [deleted] King & bailey 1924 2 King [/deleted] [underlined] Acc. rises to give evidence on affirmation. [/underlined [inserted] 1 [/inserted] [underlined] CARLILE [inserted] C.E. [/inserted] DA SILVA. [underlined] Aged 26 yrs from Singapore. Came to Penang in May 1940. Before came to Pg, was P. Constable at Thompson Rd Police Tng. Dept. Came to Penang on transfer – when in Pg, posted to Bwh Pol. St, as Police Constable, until evac. of British Tps [Troops]. On night of evac. left stranded as [inserted] Brit [/inserted] police [inserted] force [/inserted] had to evac too. This on or about 18/12/41. Rec’d as instructions from superior officers, who were A.S.P. Minns and Insp. Isaac. When Japanese occ. Pg. I was residing in Butterworth. While there, opened up a little fruit and cake stall and so earned daily livelihood. I joined Police Service in May 1942 approx, on an order issued by Japs calling on Govt. servants to report to their respective depts. I went to B’w’h Pol. Stn in consequence of this order and [Page Break] [underlined] 17. [/underlined] There to Chin Kein Weng. (insp.) and informed him I had been a police constable. He told me that if my services were reqd., I would be sent for. In month of July 1942, 1st July, I recd. a memo. from Penang Rd Police HQ. After receiving this I reported for duty on 2 July, at Penang Rd Hq, to Insp. Chin Kein Weng at Detec. Branch, and was taken on strength as a Detective. I did not go out of my way to join the Police Force. My reasons were mainly security as there was a persecution of Eurasians at that time, by the Japanese Force. I meant by security reasons evasions of the brutal acts upon the public at that time. I was drawing a salary of $40 per month. I held post of det. till January 1944, then I was promoted to the rank of Sergeant Major – Junsabutchu. This promotion was due to an examination which was held about November 1940, among police officers in Penang and Province Wellsley. Promotion exam was held in Police Bks., Penang Rd & conducted by Mr. MARIDAN. He was then out Insp of Police Dept. There were a great no. participating [deleted] plain [/deleted] on my prom. I recd a salary of $50 per month. When promoted to rank of Sergeant Major I recd a revolver from Hashimoto who was head of my Dept. This revolver was given to officers to use when they conducted raids, for protective reason, when reqd. I did not threaten to shoot Mervyn Foley nor Lim Ban Siew. Hashimoto at that time was known as Tokokacho, head of Dept, was not only known to his own race, but was also one of the others. His staff also paired him, with exception of insp. Chong, who was later prom to rank of Keishi, meaning Sup.tdt of Police for meritorious services rendered to Japanese Govt. prior to his promo. There was another Insp. – Chin Kein Weng. (Witness 17) who was under Hasimoto, & held rank of Tokoshumi (head of Dept.) He recd orders from Japanese & in turn gave orders out to his subordinates. There were other offrs [officers] in that Dept. – Insp Choo Ooi Chin & also Insp Ooi Kean Talt who also recd orders from Insp Chong & Hashimoto and in turn issued them to their subordinates. Insp. Chong took place of Insp. Chin Kein Weng, on the ration transfer to the Food Control Dept, & insp. Chong them promoted to rank of Keishi. [deleted] [indecipherable word] [/deleted] Keishi was the main man who took part in instruction pf investigations carried out in that Dept. I as a Sergeant Major had many duties during my service with the Japanese. I did not exceed my duties. I held post of Sergeant Major until January 1945, and was promoted to rank of Sub Inspector [deleted] [indecipherable word] [/deleted] Keieicho (Kay – Yoo – Ho) This prom. was a result of exam held in Police Bks in Month of July 1944, after which I was sent to Police Tg Centre in Kuala [deleted] [indecipherable word][/deleted] Kuga on orders & Insp Chong & Hash. In August 1944. On return I took seriously ill with chromic malaria & did no police work until January 1945. I worked with M.P. Dept in 1942 – Insp. Chin Kim Weng, [Page Break] brought Dets. [inserted] L [/inserted] Jambu, Dennis & myself to the M.P Office & detailed us to assist an MP by name of Saki. I worked together with these two brother officers for a period of 3 months and on not giving satisfactory results with regard to information & arrests he gave us a severe beating and made us kneel on our bare knees for practically 3 hours in his presence. [deleted] Insp. Chin Kim Weng was informed [/deleted] Insp Ng [deleted] [indecipherable word] [/deleted] [/inserted] Yean [/inserted[ Phoey came and asked M.P not to treat us in such a manner. From that time till reocc. I had no connections with M.Ps. Jambu and Dennis were present when I was beaten. Saki accused us of siding with Eurasians & not bringing up reports against Eurasians. I remained in service only for 21/2 months after I became an Inspector and in middle of March 1945 I was put under military arrest & was asked to tender my resignation. The reason for arrest was with regard to my parentage, when I was accused of giving a false registration of my father in Eurasian register which was held in 1942. I was put under military arrest for 14 days while other Eurasians of 1st generation were interviewed. I was released (after Jap inquiries from mother in Singapore.) From then onwards to the time of re-occ I had no employment whatsoever & living on selling our clothing. I got my wife a job in the “Park” where she earned a salary of $40 a night & that also was forbidden by Japanese. One morning a detec. named Maclean, instr by Nakamuria, informed me that my wife was not permitted to work there. On 3/9/45 when the Brit troops landed in Penang, a crowd of Eurasian boys Lionel Foley, Michael Foley, Oswald Foley, [deleted[ Murry [/deleted] Mervyn Foley, [deleted] [indecipherable word][/deleted] “Podgy” Foley, Jack Rozells, Alphonse Carrier and a group of others came to my house in early hrs at 2 Westlands Rd, in search of me. [deleted] Th [/deleted] I was not there. At 11am, on my return, I found my house ransacked, my shoes were even stolen, a few of my shirts and photographs. As a result of this & what I was told, I went into hiding. On 8/9/45 I was arrested by Capt. Street & Insp Foley at my house. I was brought to Pg. Prison & remained there until I was prod. in this court. The Eurasians reg. took place about end of ’42 and early ’43. All Eurasians, heads of families were requested to report particulars req’d by Japanese, with regards to themselves & members of their families. This req. conducted by Insp Charles Brody, assisted by his subord. offs. There was a separate file kept of Eurasians of 1st generation. 3 of us were working under Insp. Brodie, self, Dennis & Jambu. At this time I was working in Spe. Bch. under Insp. Chin Kim Weng who was then i/e. It was after the transfer to Insp Brodie to Balik Palau, about July 1943, when Insp Foley took Insp Brodies post in our Dept. On 8/8/43, Insp Foley loaned Jambu & self to Insp Chong who was I/C beat duty on that day. We were detailed to follow this checking up parade which was headed by Police Force & to report on our return to Insp. [Page Break] [underlined] 18. [/underlined] Chong himself. While accompanying this parade, I went ahead of the procession & stopped and talked to 2 girls whom I know, namely Joyce Phipps and Wina Hessler. While talking to the two girls, & as the parade as passing by, Joyce Phipps suddenly exclaimed “Look at Eustace making the V sign”. She said this quite loudly. I refer to Eustace La Brooy. I immed.[ immediately] turned round and saw his left hand still in the air making the V sign. He was in a very conspicuous position, standing immed. behind Police Force that was taking part in parade & being rather tall, was easily noticed. I then returned to Police Bks & there consulted with Det. Jambu who [inserted] said he [/inserted] had also witnessed the V sign incident. He told me what it was. After this, we came to the conclusion that we should report the matter, as Eurasians were easily watched, and intel act would endanger not only E. la.B himself, but [deleted] also [deleted] these two girls and us detectives. We reported this matter, for another reason: that there were many other secret service branches functioning at that time – when reported by them this would involve us. We then went to Insp. Chong’s office, informing him of what had taken place (laid all information) against Eustace La Brooy. [deleted] He (Chong) told us to send to [/deleted] Jambu & I went to La Brooys house, on instructions from Insp Chong. That evening, & on finding him, [deleted] out [/deleted] [inserted] not at home [/inserted], we left [deleted] word [/deleted] a verbal message for him with the inmates of the house. We then went away. I [deleted] [indecipherable word] [/deleted] saw La Brooy on the evening of the 9th Aug at 4.30pm, in the Pol. Bks. Det. Bch. Chge Rm., When I was there for roll call. La B. was alone in the charge room. Jambu had also come for roll call. I noticed that la B. had his shirt torn, with open bruises on his knees, and his face was red – slightly swollen. I then got in touch with Insp. Chong [deleted] & he & [/deleted] & on his instrns. I put la B, in the [inserted] police [/inserted] lock up. Later that night, I took part in a raid on la B.’s house made by the police. The party consisted of Hashimoto, Nakamuria, Chang Chong [deleted] Yap [/deleted] [inserted] Yean [/inserted] (interpreter), Insp K. Kim Seng, Insp. Chin Kim Weng, Insp. Chong, Sub. Insp Song Toh & a number of detectives. Jambu was also there. In the house, & a number of articles were found by the Senior Officers themselves, which were against the proclamation orders of the Japanese. The included lanterns with Union Jacks printed around their sides, coronation medals, volunteer uniforms complete, coronation books with picture of the King and Queen. A radio was also found. These things were all gathered together by Japanese officers & we returned to the Police Headquarters, where the exhibits [deleted] [indecipherable word] [/deleted] were kept by the Japanese in this room. The male members of the house were arrested, together with a sister of La B.’s – Daphne, on instructions of Hashimoto, and locked up separately in various places. A few days later, [Page Break] I took part in a number of raids upon the houses of a number of Eurasians [deleted] whose names were given by Eustace & Daphne La Brooy [/deleted] The senior officer had a list of the names of those to be raided. The list was shown to me on the night of the raid. All the officers of the Det. Bch as well as the Spl. Bch. took part in the raids on these houses with [deleted] [indecipherable word] [/deleted] exception of Insp. Foley & Mr. Chang Swee & Insp Ohu Ooi Chin. These raids were also accompanied by Japanese officers – Hashimoto, Nakamuria and a few others whose names I do not now recollect. I only raided 3 houses and arrested, with Hashimoto, & Insp Chong, Marcel Carrier, Lambert Hessler, Ulric Magness and Jerry Coombs, and we took them to the Penang Prison. On arrival there, I saw Alphonse Carrier, [inserted] Lawrence [/inserted] Carrier. [deleted] [indecipherable word] [/deleted] under arrest; other [deleted] [indecipherable word] [/deleted] [inserted] were [/inserted] were brought in later. During interrog of these Eurasians in Pg. Prison, which was conducted by Senior offrs in my presence, namely Insp. Chong, Kim and Kay & Hashimoto & Song Toh. I smuggled food in to these Eurasians. I did so by putting the food, which was bread, in an empty typewriter case. I did that every time I went to see them. The period of this interrog lasted for about 3 months in the Penang Prison. I was the only one who smuggled food in, I knew the others had not done so, [symbol] [because] I was always there before them. Insp. Foley on 2 occas. asked me to smuggle in some food, which he gave me, to his brother, which I did, to Mervyn Foley. I gave it to Mervyn Foley. Food was not permitted to be brought to them in the prison. These Eurasians were later brought [deleted] out [/deleted] [inserted] up [/inserted] in batches & detained in Police Barracks (Pg. Rd.) for a few days where they were enabled to receive food from their homes. This went on until the order from the court came & asked that these Eurasians should be returned to Pg. Prison. I did not lay hands on [underlined] Jack Rozells,. [/underlined] with the exception of a slap which was ordered to me to be given by Lt. Ida. I only slapped E. la B. on instructions, two slaps, [underlined] as far as I can remember. [/underlined] instns. by Hashimoto & Chong, Ulric Magness was present. I did not lay hands on P. Mervyn Foley. He was investigated & interviewed by Insp Chong. I did not [inserted] put the wts on his thumbs [/inserted] At the time he was being interrog. I was dw/I/P. of a revolver. I was only a detective then. It was not true that I punished him 2ce from behind. I did not, on any occns, lay hands on Alphonse Carrier. I slapped James Boyle on 2 occns, on orders of Chong & Kay Kim Seng who were then interrogating him. I knew Dio See Beng only when he was brought in. I was not present on all 6 occasions when he was being interog by Insp. Chong, but was there on 3 occasions & slapped him when ordered to do so by Hashimoto & Chong, but not with force. [Page Break] [underlined] 19. [/underlined] I did not burn him. There was a soar on his arm when I saw him with Insp. Chong. I saw it about May 1944. This was long before the alleged burning incident. Ct. adj 1300hrs 14/2/ until 1415 hrs. Resumption at 1430 hrs 14/2 I did at no time lay hands on Michael George Foley. M.G.F. was present on one occn when a Dutchman was interned. It was on this occn that John Werjers, who had already given a statement to Hashimoto personally, was re-questioned in the presence of “Podgy” (M.G. ) Foley. He ….. [sic] which he alleged agst M.G.F. to Hashimoto, of having gone to Sumatra with a letter from William Dexter addressed to a Malay who was alleged to have been a member of their Coy. in Sumatra. I remember Teng Tok Heng giving evidence in this case. His allegations against me are not true. As far as I can remember, on 1 occn when interog was being carried out by Song Toh, Chong and Hashimoto, it was carried out in the Chinese language which is unknown to me & it was on this occ that I was instructed by the Japanese to give him a slap. I did slap him, and others also took part in assaulting this man. I don’t remember Yap Ngit Foong, and I was never present on any occasion of his interrogation. I remember Mat Saat Bin Mat Toi. I recollect what he said [deleted] to [/deleted] [inserted] about [/inserted] me here. I did not tie his hands, it was the work of Insp Chong. I gave him a few strokes with a feather duster, again on instructions. I remember Lin Ban Siew. I recollect his evidence, I did not on any occn threaten him with a revolver. I did not throw him down. I did not on any occn lay my hands on Lim Ban Siew. I remember James Foley. There was never a time when I met him in the Company of Tommy Scott in Dickens St. I knew Abdul Baki in the earliest stages of registration when he came to Police Bks. to register himself as an alien, & that was the only occn. “that I spoke to him” [deleted] I do not remem [/deleted] I did not meet him on any occn. in the hospital. I know Cecil [underlined] Maclean. [/underlined] He worked as an [deleted] det [/deleted] informer for me, - later was employed as detec, working under me for a short period, after which he worked under Hashimoto as a driver. I did not, hit [insert] M.G. Foley [/insert] him with a cycle tyre. His evidence is untrue. This was done by Sun Inspector Song Toh who beat [underlined] Foley [/underlined] for the simple reason of his being rude to him. I remember Dr. Scully. I did not say “This is the man whose brother is the Insp. [deleted] Foley [/deleted] Scully who refused to work with us “I answered a question which was [Page break] put to me by the Japs enquiry whether this was brother of Insp. Scully who was then under arrest of Japanese. All I said was “Yes, he is the brother of Insp. Scully.” The arrest of those acc. of giving food to [deleted] Brit [/deleted] Brit. soldiers was from inf. given by a Chinese, Ah Kiang, to Insp Chong. I was present when arrest took place. The only part I played in arrest of the (approx.) 50 Hailan Cools was to be present, accompanied by Japanese senior officers. The informer was one Ah Hip in Hailan. I know this man personally & he told me. When Eurasian in Dr Scully’s case were being [deleted] [underlined] Cross Examined [/underlined] [/deleted] interrogated, & whose stats were recorded in Japanese,[deleted]on [/deleted] instns. from Ida, I prepared the investing. papers for the Ct, which was sent to Hashimoto’s officer and interpreted to English. I them typed the papers, read the stats out to the persons concerned, which were signed or thumb printed by them. I forwarded the papers to the prosecution, after which I knew nothing more about the case. [underlined] Cross Examined [/underlined] I did not ask Chin Kin Weng to get me into Spl. Bch. It is false. I joined Pol. Fce to save myself & family & others. That included other Eurasians. I had observed for 1 1mnths. Jap methods. They were very much unlike [inserted] those [/inserted] to which I had been used. [deleted] I went in to [/deleted] I did not go in knowledge I wd. have to carry out such duties. My name was put up for exam. It did not incl. methods of interog. supervised by local offr. It was a coincidence I was prom. after Eurasians were arrested. I used no revolver agst two witnesses. It was false for them to say I used one. Insp Foley was my immed. sup when I arrested La Brooy. At that time, Insp. F. was not present in Pol Stn. I was handling a cycle when I saw La B make the V sign. Before reporting I talked with Jambu. I had to make the report on La Brooy. There was every possibility of others reporting it. [deleted] [indecipherable word] [/deleted] Insp Foley was inf. by Jambu of V sign & by me, when we he returned. I do not agree that La B.’s arrest did result in arrest of other Eurasians. My prom. was not very sudden. In the normal course of events it would take a number of yrs. Many others [deleted] officers [/deleted] sat. Only 2 Euras. I was 1. Prom. partly due to Hashimoto & partly others. The results were comm. to Hashimoto. No Eurasians interned in 1942 – in 1945 1st line (genern.) Eurasians. Wife not interned [symbol] [because] it was proved to them that I was a Eurasian, not 1st genern & wife, according to the law, [symbol] [because] I was not a 1st line. My posn did not secure wife from internment. [deleted] He [/deleted] E. la B. – I was never present when E la B was interog 1st time. Present later when interog in prison. it is false that I hit him on ear & caused deafness. I slapped him 1ce – never hit him on ear. [Page Break] [underlined] 20. [/underlined] I did not submit names of Eurasians to Chong & others. I did not lead raids. I was beaten as Eurasian, but they made no use of my knowledge of Eurasians. I gave food on 2 occs on directions of Insp Foley. I took it to Mervyn Foley, on request of my Supr. Offr. not on own instructions. I slapped Rozells 1ce on the face, under orders of Japs. There was no stick, never rolled it on stomach. There was never such an incident in presence. I did not punch him in ribs. I did not suggest any ice. Rozells was never carried into cell. I [inserted] could [/inserted] never said “the British would not come back. “From what I remember he was only beaten up by Japs. Rozells whole evidence is untrue. I had no revolver when with P.M. Foley, nor did I lay hands on Alphonse Carrier on any occ. I did not take part in a beating of him. [deleted] [indecipherable word] [/deleted] Chong asked me to beat Boyle. I merely slapped him. The slap was not sufficient to make him talk. [deleted] I [indecipherable word] [/deleted] I was present on 3 occns when Dio See Beng witness is lying about burning arm. Chong asked what the mark was, [symbol] [because] at that time, many people destroying tattoo marks. I was not present when paper was lit. I slapped him 3 times. I never saw him vomiting blood. It is untrue that I used a cane on Dio See Beng. I never said that the British would have to release him. I never said if the British didn’t come he would die in gaol. He’s lying to say “I stood on his chest. I remember witness & what he said. If I had had occs to speak to Abdul Baki in hosp. It is false that I said to him “Where is your [indecipherable words] now?” I never said I would rake in all the Foley family. I was not present when the Dutch soldiers were assaulted. Maclean is mistaken to say I was present. Dr Scully is mistake when he says I said “He is bro. of Insp Scully who refused to work for us” I was on no occn. anti British a pro-Japanese. I joined spl branch with idea of assisting my own kind. I took no enjoyment in interogs. I only had to pretend to please Japs. Espec. when Hashimoto was present. We just gave them a slap to smart. [deleted] I had be [/deleted] Jap methods were quite foreign to my routine & trg. They were cruel. It was the only system known to the Japs. It was ack. to be legit. means of interog. I was not I/C any interogs. I had to comply with their system. In cases of duty I had to arrest people. But interog done by senior officers when I was present. They beat men with sticks & hung them up. I was only present on one such occn. That was Mat Saat Bin Mat Toi. [Page Break] (witness 13) a complainant against me. That was the man on whom I used the duster. I did not tie nor suspend him. That lasted about 15 mins. This is only occn I used an implement. Many of the Eurasians I arrested were my friends. I had to carry out instn from my senior officers.// According to their statement they were all anti-Japanese. I was not cause of M.H. Foley being arrested. I was not present at his flogging with doubled electric wire. I was present only 1ce when M.H. Foley was beaten: just after he had been arrested. I did not inform agst M.H. Foley. It is untrue that I demonstrated a torture to Mervyn Foley. I did not put a basket on his head. - [deleted] [indecipherable word] [/deleted] There was never any weight – on finger incident. The witnesses whose statements I deny are deliberating fabricating their evidence. I have never said to Dr. Scully “look at this fine car, see what comes of collab” I did not disparage Dr Scully for being friendly with British. I remember Lionel Foley. I did not tell him I would rope in all the Foleys. Nor did I say “Those Foleys bastards.” I did not tell Maclean that I would rope in all the Foleys. Maclean is lying when he said I told him to arrest Capt Tulsaram. I was not respos for arrest of Dexter, Werjers or Foley (M.G.) I was not very friendly with Hashimoto. [deleted] [indecipherable word] [/deleted] He was not the man respons. for prom. I cannot say who did. Insp Kay Kim Seng was one. I don’t know why Insp Chong left the Special Branch. I was never beaten by Hashimoto I did things only to instn. I was anti-Japanese. Whenever I had opport. I helped the Euas prisoners. I never expressed Anti-Brit opinions. I tried to avoid arrests. I consider I earned grat. of Eurasians. It is untrue that I was prom. for good work in [indecipherable word] in Eurasians. I remember slapping Lionel Foley. I never slapped P.M. Foley. I [deleted] slapp [/deleted] never slapped A. Carrier. I slapped Boyle 2ce. I slapped Dio See Beng 3ce. I did not beat M.G. F. I don’t remember about Tang Yok Bend [inserted] 14 [/inserted] I don’t remember doing anything to Yap Ngit Foong. I did not slap Mat Toi. I used a feather duster on him. I did not beat Lim Ban Siew on any occ. I never saw blood on Dio See Beng’s ear. Jumbu and self took place if Insp Foley when he went. Chong immed. supr. I did not have much influence with him then, nor did I have influence with him later. No X-examination. [underlined] 21. [/underlined 2. [underlined]JOYCE ELLORA PHIPPS. [underlined] – spinster, 26 [deleted] Ayer Ham [/deleted] [inserted]Anson [/inserted] Rd. I know acc. C da S. I also know Eustace La Brooy. I was in Pg. during Jap occ. I remember on 8/8/43, about 11.30 am local time, the Jekedan parade passed in from of my house. I was at the gate, standing. Wina Hessler was standing with me. I saw acc. about that time. He came up on a bicycle to the gate & dismounted – He stood with us. We [inserted] 3 [/inserted] were watching the parade. E la B. was taking part in the parade. I saw him raise one of his hands and he made a sign. It looked like a V. sign. To whom it was made, I don’t know. He was looking in our direction & [raised [deleted] his [/deleted] arm to shoulder, one finger near ears – demonstrated] I was astonished and [deleted] [indecipherable word] [/deleted] said, to no one in particular, something to the effect “look what he’s done.” I don’t remember acc. doing anything at this remark. The next day [deleted] I was called to Pol Stn by [/deleted] C da. S. [deleted] He [/deleted] came to our house & told us that a Malay det had witnessed the incident & had reported the matter & said that he was called upon to give names of 2 girls who were standing with him. Then he said he had to make stat on what he had seen. I told him I did not want to make any statement that would convict anyone but he said not to be silly as the stat would not convict anyone as they had already arrested E. la B. & that he had confessed & been released, that our stats. would only be used as records for the file. I still told him I did not want to sign a statement if it would get anyone into trouble. He said that if we did not sign it, we would be in trouble. So believing that our stats would not bring harm to anybody, [deleted] [indecipherable word] [/deleted] I made a stat. & signed it. Acc recorded it & I signed it. [deleted] [indecipherable word] [/deleted] Acc then left. I heard nothing more about the case. [underlined] X-Ex [/underlined] Gesture of la B. only lasted split second. [deleted] [indecipherable word] [/deleted] Signal was finished when I made remark. I read stat before signing it. I was V. unwilling to sign that stat [symbol] [because] I did not believe it wouldn’t get anyone into trouble. I was friendly with la B. I had no intention of getting onto trouble. It could have meant we have walked about 2 miles. It was not only for the fear of getting into trouble that I signed the statement. But it did influence me to some extent. 3 No Re-examination [[underlined] SIMON BARNABAS [underlined] of 98 Bath Lauchang Lane. Client in special court – During Jap occ [deleted] not it [/deleted] from beginning of 1943 to re-occ in Sept-45. I was employed in the HIKARIKIKAN, secret service , in comm with Indian affairs, political. At that time the head was HONDA, a Jap. I don’t now a Jap named SAKISATI. I know acc. I remember acc. kneeling down with 2 others in from of Japanese in Burma Rd M.P. Office. I was called there by head of MPS. It was late 1942 or early 1943. I did not see anything else. Acc. had hair dishevelled & shirt torn at back. One of other men was in tears, other had hair dishevelled. [Page Break] The Japanese was shouting at them. 3 days later I met acc & asked him what it was about. He told me he was beaten up [symbol] [because] he did not give proper information. In our department we had a number of informers to watch Indian moves. When they gave inf, I passed it on to the chief of Depts. [deleted] Inf [/deleted] If necessary, Chief directs Hashimoto what to do. [underlined] Cross Examined [/underlined] I only saw kneeling for less than a minutes. I was not in same room I saw the incident. I saw acc. 3 days after, then many times afterwards. I didn’t understand what was being said. They might have been swearing oath of fidelity. Don’t know rank of Jap. Dennis & Jambu rec the other two. Saw acc. 3 days later in Ct. Room. He was some sort of Det. in Spl Bch. I don’t know what rank he was. That was last convers. I had until now. After release or dismissal from Jap police force. I purchased food stall form him. That was some time in 1945. Black market, not at stall or shop. I knew acc when he was on Hashimoto’s staff. [deleted] [indecipherable word] [/deleted] I don’t know what he did or what his attitude was towards Japanese. First asked to give evidence in this case when I rec’d subpoena. I [deleted] asked[/deleted] [inserted] met [/inserted] acc. wife after receipt of summons & asked her why acc. [deleted] was in trouble [/deleted] had subpoenaed me about Foley’s matter. She said that it was not that but something to do with what I had seen in MP office. I told her that had [deleted] [underlined] [indecipherable word] examination [/underlined] [/deleted] nothing to do with the Foley boys as the [deleted] [indecipherable word] [/deleted] dates were so different. I recollected at once to what she was referring, when she mentioned MPs office [deleted] she asked me whether [/deleted] I knew to what she was referring. This was on 7/2/46 or 8/2/46. It was a casual meeting by the court in Light Street. There was no conversation after incident, until 7/2/46. Court adjourned until 1000hrs 15/2/46 [underlined] Court re-opened 1010hrs 15/2/46. [underlined] 4. [underlined] REV. BROTHER PAUL. GALLACHER [underlined] of St. Joseph’s College, Principal of St. Xavier’s, Farquhar St. Assistant Superior of St. Joseph’s, I know da Silva, the acc. I came to know him during Jap occ. roughly middle of 1942. He came to see me, probably 5 times during Jap occ. On one occn came alone to see me. Came to [deleted] buy [/deleted] [inserted] get [/inserted] religious objects. On other occns, he came with local detec & MPs. Came to get information about brothers. He asked certain questions about brothers. I think his attitude was friendly. He never made known to me his feelings. Jap [inserted] military & MPs [/inserted] Soldiers visited the place where we live on several occasions. The acc was not always with them: very often they came alone. Nothing in particular happened. On one occasion they came to search the house. Acc was present; I refer particularly to a search party in, I think, October 1943. Acc in party, but I would say not of it. It seemed to me that he was evidently under compulsion. He’s attitude was to prevent, as far as I could see, the search, and he did, at a very early stage, call it off. [Page Break] [underlined] 22. [/underlined] I did not observe from acc. behaviours that he was anti-British. I would say that in regards to Christian brothers, he was helpful. The Christian Brothers, especially the British Brothers were treated, during the occ by Japs, with brutality. They were spied upon, practically interned and treated as collies. That, it seemed to me, was the official Japanese attitude towards us. I can assign no reason to this. This was not so conspicuous in early years, but from 1943 onwards, it was very bad. [underlined] Cross-Examined [/underlined] On all the occasions he was friendly. On several occns came with MPs or local detecs, I don’t know anything about him outside of his activities. The acc. is a Roman Catholic. I as superior, was permitted to go to General Hospital. The rest of us were confined to grounds of the college. (Acc is RC). When he came with Mps he was decidedly friendly. [deleted] Subsequently [/deleted] I couldn’t say, on later occns, whether acc was I/C local detecs. I can’t remember whether he carried a pistol on any of these occns. [underlined] No re-examination. [underlined] 5 [underlined] ARUMUGAM PUNAIA PHATY RUDRA [/underlined] – 6 Penang. Dresser in Prison Hospital. I was dresser in prison hospital throughout Jap. Occn from April 1943. I recollect some Eurasians being brought into prison, in the later part of 1942. I know most of them, Dr Scully, Lionel Foley, Alphonse Carrier, Mervyn Foley, Insp. Scully, Palmer, McIntryre, Jack Rozells, Jimmy Boyle, Marcel Carrier, Eustace la Brooy, Henry Foley [deleted] [indecipherable word] [/deleted] and Lambert Hassler. I remember them coming prison. They all came in very fit. I saw them on my [inserted] daily [/inserted] rounds, it was part of my duty. Some Eurasians died in prison hospital, their names were Henry Foley, Palmer, McIntyre and Insp. Scully. They were admitted to prison hospital. I treated them under directions of Prison Medical officer. They were all suffering from beri-beri and malnutrition. McIntyre had pulmonary tuberculosis. They died from these complaints. I saw the acc. come to take statements, during this period at several times. I saw bread in the possession of some of the Eurasians in the cells. [deleted] They [/deleted] [inserted] Bread [/inserted] was not part of the prison diet. I did not see how the Eurasians came by the bread. [underlined] Cross Examined [underlined]. I was in possession of register of Prison Hosp admissions. It discloses deaths of these mentioned, with the disease of which they died. I made the entries. I have it to this day. I made the entries admitting them to prison hosp. I saw Foley when adm to prison. Almost a year after adm. He died. McIntyre died 1 1/2 years after adm to prison. Palmer about the same. Deaths induced by malnutrition, prison fare poor in quantity & quality & Insp Scully died of Sclerosis pf liver. He was v. healthy when adm. prison. [Page Break] Hy Foley was arrested later than la B., also McIntryre, Palmer. [deleted] [indecipherable word ][/deleted] I remember a Dutch soldier in the prison hospital, he gave name WILLAN. He was released along with others. Dr Scully was Eurasians ‘benefactor’ & tried to help them by supplying certain medicines. Dr Scully was able to get some bread in. [deleted] I saw [indecipherable words] [/deleted] I saw [deleted] [indecipherable word] [/deleted] Mickey Foley with some abrasions on his back. I had to take off his shirt & he was treated [inserted] by me [/inserted] It was about Feb or Mar. 44. I dressed the abrasions with mercurochrome soln. No bleeding. A cane would give such marks, [deleted] it came from I [/deleted] I couldn’t say acc carried pistol in 1942. I don’t think I ever saw him carrying pistol. Acc never said he would get Foleys or Eurasians all in – we were not on such terms. Acc never boasted to me that he had thrown Mervyn Foley all over the room. I avoided him as I did all Jap police & civil police. I don’t remember the accs promotion. I did notice any Eurasians favoured by acc. I believe he treated all alike. [underlined] No Re-examination [underlined] [inserted] 6 [/inserted] [underlined] JEAN BAPTISTE SOUHAIE [/underlined] (Rev Father) – I am a minister of the Roman Catholic Church. I was in Penang throughout Jap occupation. Father Baloche was the parish priest at Pulau Tikus, but as he was invalid, I assisted him during jap occn. Acc paid me a visit as few days after the Jap occ. of Penang. That was the 1st time I met him. He came to get inf about nationality, age, work etc, of Father Baloche & myself. I saw him again about 6 months or a year later. He came to tell me to inform the [inserted]community [/inserted] people they had to be careful [deleted] what [/deleted] about talking war news, particular after the church services. On another occasion he came with a party of insps, I think and 2 japs, to search the house. The Jap who was leading party wanted to enter the house & the acc stopped Japs from entering. I came forward and met them at the door. Then acc. apologised to me in a loud voice. I was surprises he could talk like that in front of Japanese. He said “I am sorry Father, we have to search the house” He searched the house, pulled out drawers, opened almeries, in a perfunctory way. He did not even look [inserted]at [/inserted] what was inside them. Then he motioned to Japs to go out, & party left the house. I never saw him again in his capacity of a Police Inspector. [underlined] Cross Examined [/underlined]. He was on duty 1st time he came. No uniform; alone. 2nd time. He made an indication work was over. He seemed to be able to impose himself with Japanese. After 1st meeting I knew him to be a Roman Catholic, he told me so the first day he came. [underlined] No Re-Examination.[underlined] [Page Break] [inserted] Chinese writing [/inserted] [underlined] 23. [/underlined] 7 [underlined] THOMAS RANDALL SCOTT [/UNDERLINED] popularly known as “Tommy Scott” [deleted] [indecipherable word] [/deleted] I am a clerk in the Customs Dept. I was in Pg during Jap occ. I know Mervyn Foley. We discussed the Jekida movement sometime in 1942. He told me I needn’t join, [symbol] [because] I was Govt servant and would be exempt from it. I know acc, C da S. I remember acc meeting me in Kedah Rd several times, sometimes in [deleted] [indecipherable word] [/deleted] [inserted] toddy [/inserted] shop at junction of Kelanton Rad or Kwantan Rd. I met acc. at this shop, a casual meeting only. He once warned me & told me that one Frank McIntyre gave some inf. that I had a radio set which was unlicensed. This occasion was in my house. Asked me if I still had it. I told him I was afraid of the MPs & destroy the set. I know a lot of Foleys; I know Oswald,[deleted] I don’t remember meeting [/deleted] I was interened during jap occ. When I came out, I met several of the Foleys. None of them asked me to do anything concerning acc. [underlined] Cross Examination. [/underlined] Acc never said anything uncomplimentary about the Foleys to me. I don’t remember anything about it. dec told M. Foley who told me that I was a fool for joining Jekida. I wouldn’t forget if he had said – (President reads alleged words from M Foleys’s evidence) Acc never said that to me. [deleted] [underlined] [indecipherable words] [/underlined] [/deleted]. Oswald Foley must be lying if he says acc. said these words to me I met acc two or three times when I was with [indecipherable word] Foley in Kedah Rd. I passed by Dickens St quite frequently with O. Foley, but I never remember us meeting acc there. 8 [underlined] MARCEL EVELYN CARRIER. [/UNDERLINED] – Of 9 George Rd, Penang, att nt present to Air Ministry Dept of renewal works as electrician. I was arrested on 13/8/43. Two days after arrest, I was told I was arrested in connection with the case of Eustace La Brooy. From my hse [house] 1st taken to Pol Stn at Pulau Tikus, then after, to gaol, after 1/2 hr. When I was in the office, there were 14 other Eurasians in the gaol office. I knew acc, C da S. He came to gaol on several occns to take statements from us. I rec’d some cigarettes & food from accused when I was in gaol. Food was mostly bread. I couldn’t definitely say that all Eurasians rec’d food but there were a few other besides myself who did. I think I rec’d food on about five occasions. I rec’d bread on [deleted] one or [/deleted] two [inserted] or three [/inserted] occasion from acc., and on the others, from the other inspectors. I did not see how acc brought bread to prison. Bread was handed to me by acc in room where the statement were taken. I know Daphne le Brooy & her father. On two occasions, I was brought before them in prison. I think acc. was present on one occasion. On that occasion, the [Page Break] Page 50 Eurasians were all brought down. Daphne La B. was already in the room. We were lined up. Daphne L B. was then asked to pick out the guilty ones. One of the detecs. present asked her this. She picked out four & then the rest were sent back. [deleted] [indecipherable word] [/deleted] I was one of those whom were sent back to the cells. The first to be picked out was La Brooy, 2nd Alphonse Carrier, 3rd Jimmy Boyle 4th Ulric Magness. I don’t remember what Daphne La Brooy [inserted] & her father [/inserted] said, if anything. [underlined] Cross Examined. [underlined] I couldn’t say whether or not da S. was in charge. I was v .friendly with acc before being arrested as well as in prison. My lady friends was allowed to visit me [inserted] in Rock alp Pol Stn [/inserted][deleted] [indecipherable word] I was allowed to use the telephone. I used it once only. I did not give acc any inf. whatsoever regarding any civilian. I gave him no inf. where politic were concerned. I gave him inf. regarding business transactions. I do not know whether he as a detec. would be interested in it. I was useful to him & he gave me small privileges. In goal was never allowed out of cell. I was only allowed out of the lock up on to the passageway. I could not say whether other Eurasians rec’d bread at the hands of acc. [underlined] no re-examination [/underlined] 9 [underlined] FRANCIS ANTONY REUTENS [/underlined] of 134 Kalawei Rd, Penang. I am a school teacher in St Xavier’s Institution. I know acc, I saw him on many occasions during the Jap. occn. I never asked him why he came to see me. I spoke to acc on many occasions, the meetings on which he spoke to me were casual. He showed me some papers regarding some Eurasians. He said they were a statement by Jimmy Boule. No MP ever came to see me about acc. An MP once came to see me [deleted] once [/deleted] [inserted] many times [/inserted] & questioned me about Eurasians at large. I can’t remember, the date. They always said that the Eurasians were a bad lot. I always told them that they were good and it went on like this for hours. [underlined]Cross Ex. [/underlined] I was a store keeper & kept Eurasians store during Jap occ. acc was in habit of coming to my shop. Our store was 326 Burma Rd, about 3 miles from Carnarvon St. Acc visited & purchased frequently at first them he got his rations free when joined police. [deleted] [indecipherable word] [/deleted] I was wary of talking to acc. Being in police dept, it was diplomatic to be wary. I knew in was in Spc Bch. I knew from him he has assisted in the arrest of certain people. Eustace La Brooy and some of the Foleys. I can’t remember that he gave impression of being unfriendly to these people. acc once come with revolver. I saw him carrying a revolver as far back as 1943. I saw him carrying it. About Nov 43 a young Chinese boy employed in wireless had escaped from custody (Not evidence.) We were asked, [Page Break] [underlined 24. [/underlined] as the Jekidan force, to look for this boy in Pulau Tikas. Acc & wife had come next door to where I lived & when I returned home at 8pm at night, I told acc & wife that MPs were picketing all the junctions. They left the house & I followed them, but before going, acc showed me his revolver & said “I’d better keep this inside.” That was 1st occn. I saw revolver. Some months after I noticed a bulge in hip pocket. On many occasions he (acc) said – The Eurasians are a damn nuisance, they are talking too much: This was the gist of his conversation with regard to Eurasians. On one occasion he told me that “If Foleys don’t look out, he would get the whole family into trouble” [deleted] I don’t [/deleted] because they were talking too much. I do not remember the date of that. I knew the Foley’s then. They sometimes spoke to me. If talking news rec’s from B.B.C. was a nuisance to the Japs, they were a nuisance. Acc. mentioned E la B to me, after his arrear, and the arrest of some other Eurasians [deleted] that [/deleted] acc told me that he had succeeded in [deleted] getting a [/deleted] effecting the arrest of a spy-ring. I told him it was all ridiculous, but he told me that I didn’t know anything & left it at that. He did not specifically state who the spy ring were. He said “ I’ve got E la B & these other Eurasians.” I don’t remember him telling me he had been promoted. [No re-examination.] 10 [underlined] ERIC PETER BALHATCHET. [/underlined] – 132 Kalawei Rd. News editor of Penang Gazette. During Jap occ, I was news editor of English edition of Penang Shimbun. I was President of Eurasian Welfare Assocn. They referred to me as leader of Eurasian community. I was not, at the beginning. [deleted] after [/deleted] At the end of Dec 42 I was elected at a general meeting of Eurasian community. The acc came to see me on several occasions. I cannot remember 1st occasion date. I remember one occn shortly after the arrest of an Eurasian, acc came to me house [inserted] casually [/inserted] one morning and I approached him to do what I could to help them. I offered him money to buy food & take it to Eurasians. He refused to accept the money and said that he would take in food himself whenever he could. He also showed me, at the same time, a whole sheaf of papers which he said were statements which had been made by the arrested Eurasians. [deleted] I felt that it was [/deleted] He didn’t ask me for any advice on the papers. I know the Foley family. I cannot remember any discussion about them. I do recall that he mentioned that the Eurasians in general were giving a lot [Page Break] of trouble by talking too much about the news. [underlined] Cross Examined. [/underlined] I was not aware that he was respons for arrest of Eurasians. I formed impression he wanted to excuse facts of arrested Eurasians. I made a general offer of money, no sum mentioned. He did not call upon me to pay debts of food or money. I was afraid to press the matter further. I felt either he was unwilling, or he could not [deleted] feed [/deleted] get food to them. I saw him after his promotion. I can’t say whether it was before or after arrest of Euras. [deleted] [indecipherable word] [/deleted] [inserted]I am not sure whether [/inserted] it was after my convers. about the food. [underlined] No re-examination [/underlined] Pres/ In the course of conv.I naturally asked why Euras had been arrested. Then it came out that Eurasians had talked too much about news, showing me the sheaf of papers. Adjourned until 1415 hrs 15/2 Court re-opened 1417 hrs 15/2 [underlined] D. GOVINDRA SAMI [/underlined] [inserted] 11. [/inserted] Detective No 63 attached to Central Police station. Detec during Jap occ. I know C.da S. I came to know him during [inserted] his [/inserted] my police service. He was a Sergeant Major, I cannot remember the date he became Sergeant Major. I was once a Sergeant Major, together with da S.I became a S.M. by sitting for an examination. Acc was among those who sat for examination. I can’t remember date of examination. I saw acc. with revolver after he became a sergeant major. [Cross-Examined] I was in same office in Spl Bch as acc. I never took part in assault of Eurasians, I was in Indian Section. Everybody had to enter for the examination, incl Eurasians. He was not the 1st, all of us had to enter at same time. It would not surprise me to know he had revolver before exam. Usually he would have a revolver in the office after he was S/M. I cannot say whether he was armed before he went on raid. Hashimoto respons for my promotion [symbol] [because] recommendn. must have reached him - & so with acc. I [deleted] cannot say [/deleted] [inserted] do not know [/inserted] whether acc was favourite of Hashimoto. [underlined] no re-examination [/underlined] [underlined] Case for Defence Closed [/underlined] [Page Break] [underlined] 25. [/[underlined] Defence quotes from Proclam. – that a lenient view should be taken of these alleged offences, as they were merely of a technical nature – that he played only a minor part, in which others persons were involved. Pleads that facts must be subordinate to [underlined] intention [/underlined]. Under orders of superior officer when some offences committed, were acts unreasonable, or in good faith. Adjourned till 1000 16/2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource British Military Administration (Malaya) Military Courts. Charge Sheet Description An account of the resource Details charges and trial of Carline Da Silva for giving assistance to Japanese secret police. Covers all 14 charges, lists witnesses and provides handwritten notes on testimony. Charges annotated with handwritten notes. Three printed pages and 25 pages written notes. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Three page typewritten document and twenty-five pages of handwritten notes Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context MYeomanHT104405-190417-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Civilian British Army Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Malaysia Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1943 1944 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Claire Monk Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive military discipline https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/1687/57161/PMajorC20010007.jpg 201ef0d32c3843c2a1874a287cf16925 https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/1687/57161/PMajorC20010008.jpg 11b206c1280f3e2fea6c8b71275fefe0 https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/1687/57161/PMajorC20010009.jpg 2a301b2dd0e23a3f3769ac6281466797 https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/1687/57161/PMajorC20010010.jpg 559d20dd661a6abe39ffc8c3d9c3c38e https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/1687/57161/PMajorC20010011.jpg 4c6e39dac962b500481b21b994ce710a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Major, Colin C Major Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020-08-31 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Major, C Description An account of the resource 12 items. The collection concerns Colin Major (b. 1925 Royal Air Force) and contains a recording of a conversation between Colin and his son, and photographs. He flew operations as an air gunner in the Far East. The collection was loaned to the IBCC Digital Archive for digitisation by Stuart Major and catalogued by Barry Hunter. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ceremonial dance and Kapitan Keling minaret Description An account of the resource Two photographs. #1 is identified as a ceremonial dance. #2 is the Kapitan Keling minaret, Penang. Both are on one page and then repeated on separate pages. Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Malaysia Malaysia--Penang Island (Pulau Pinang) Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Civilian Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Photograph Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Two b/w photographs Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context PMajorC20010007, PMajorC20010008, PMajorC20010009, PMajorC20010010, PMajorC20010011 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/1063/32267/B[Author]ParkerEv1.pdf 0e0d169b9f1fca9213bafb9d9117e82c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Parker, Eric E Parker Description An account of the resource Three items. An oral history interview with Warrant Officer Eric Parker (b. 1924, 1522919 Royal Air Force), a photograph and a biography. He flew operations as a navigator with 12 and 166 Squadron. The collection has been loaned to the IBCC Digital Archive for digitisation by Eric Parker and catalogued by Barry Hunter. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2016-05-05 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Parker, E Transcribed document A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Transcription Text transcribed from audio recording or document [underlined]DECEMBER 2014[/underlined] [underlined]"ERIC'S STORY"[/underlined] Eric Parker was born on the 12th of January 1924, in the district of West Derby, Liverpool. The youngest of three brothers he went St Mary's village school. He had an adventurous childhood, since his father Thomas a farm labourer readily gave him access to the open country life on the farm where he worked. The farm was situated in Knowsley and was called Bathers Farm which is now a built up area. As a boy Eric enjoyed many happy hours on the farm, especially during hay making and harvesting time. This closeness with nature meant as he grew up he really enjoyed the outdoors. He became a boy scout when he was twelve years of age and his love of the outdoors meant many years of happy camping and scouting in general. He left school at fourteen years of age and went into immediate employment as a lift attendant working in the seven stories National Bank in Fenwick Street, Liverpool for the magnificent sum of fourteen shillings per week (70 pence in today's money). This was a very good wage at the time for a fourteen year old boy, the average then being about ten to eleven shillings per week. However being a boy with higher ambitions he voluntarily left his job as lift attendant and became aa apprentice electrician for a wage of seven shillings and sixpence per week (an appreciable drop in earnings). This job however didn't last too long, as his love of nature and the outdoors still lingered and he soon left this employment to become a student gardener with Liverpool Parks and Gardens. This meant each year he would be employed at a different park, nursery or farm belonging to the corporation all this whilst studying to become a professional gardener. His first year was at Newsham Park, Liverpool in the greenhouse and nursery site. A year later he was at Harbreck Farm, Aintree. This farm produced vegetables for the hospitals and homes in the corporation's bounds. By this time by attending various technical college courses he obtained his junior Royal Horticultural Societies Certificate in Botany and Practical Gardening. [page break] The year was now June 1941 and we were at war with Germany, at the age of seventeen and a half years he joined the RAF as air crew and awaited call up which came in January 1942 on his eighteenth birthday. After the usual enlistment procedures in London and Brighton, he found himself at the Initial Training Wing in Paignton, Devon. Here with, many others he learned the mysteries of things like navigation, meteorology, electronics etc. as well as physical exercise and drill. Such a course was very exacting and all grew up from callous youths to seriously competent young men, so that by 1943 he was part of a large body of airmen ready to be shipped to Canada as possible pilots having successfully been graded by flying in Tiger Moths at RAF Sywell in the midlands. The troop ship Empress of Scotland safely took him and many others to Halifax, Nova Scotia despite the great U Boat threat of the time. Soon he was on a troop train which took him to Moose Jaw, Satchewan and from there to a nearby RCAF airfield named Caron. Here he settled in to a twenty four week pilot's course, flying Fairchild Cornell Trainers. As a pilot he had a very short career and was soon grounded as unsuitable (The Chief Flying Instructor remarked "Parker as a pilot you would be more use to the enemy") and posted to a holding unit at Brandon in Manitoba, awaiting a thirty two week course as a navigator/bomb aimer (The longest aircrew course at that time). Finally he was posted to number six Bombing and Gunnery School at Mountain View, Ontario, learning all about bombs, bomb sights and machine guns and bomb aiming. Twelve weeks later after flying on Ansons and Blenheim Aircraft he passed this part of the course and was posted to the number nine air observer school at St Johns, Quebec, which was quite close to the provincial capital Quebec City and also near to Montreal, where his uncle John lived having emigrated to Canada after World War 1. With his friend Bill Readhead, they were able to spend weekends at his apartment as he was now a nationalised Canadian and held a Managerial post in the celebrated Mount Royal Hotel. Consequently the pair was in regular attendance as his guests at the exclusive Normandy Roof Club on a Saturday night (All on the house). [page break] By February 1944 Eric qualified as a Sergeant Navigator and received his flying brevet. He sailed for home just before Easter 1944, again on the Empress of Scotland (With very little U Boat threat this, time). Back in UK (He holidayed in a commandeered hotel in Harrogate for a couple of weeks) After a few short postings for familiarisation with UK wartime flying conditions and restrictions he was posted to RAF Husbands Bosworth, Northampton on operational training unit, flying on Wellington Bombers for a twelve week course. Here he along with a mass of various aircrew trades, signallers, gunners, pilots etc. were all assembled en'masse in a big Hangar and told by the Wing Commander Flying to crew themselves up. He left the hangar saying he would be back later. As they all mingled together Eric was approached by a tall gangly New Zealand pilot who introduced himself as Alec Wickes who asked him if he would consider joining his crew as navigator, Eric agreed and soon together they assembled a crew, namely Alec Wickes Flight Sergeant Pilot, Eric Parker as Sergeant Navigator, Trevor Connolly (NZ) Sergeant Wireless Operator, Bob Whyte (NZ) Sergeant Bomb Aimer, Arthur Saunders Sergeant Mid Upper Gunner, Doug Horton Sergeant Rear Gunner and finally Bill McCabe Sergeant Engineer. Later that morning the Wing Commander returned and those who were still uncrewed (Very Few) were told by him without any argument, this was his final decision and he crewed them up. His last act of that morning was to line them all up in two ranks and say "Look at that man next to you" (This they all did) "Gentlemen you have thirty operations ahead of you and I tell you now, one of you will not be coming back from your tour, good luck to you all and if anyone here wishes to opt out take a step forward now." No one stepped forward. So they finished their crew flying and they all went on to the heavy conversation unit at Blyton near Gainsborough to start flying on the famous Lancaster on a course that was to last for six weeks. Eric enjoyed his time at Blyton and he with his new crew soon bonded together becoming almost like brothers, doing everything together on and off duty. They were billeted in a Nissan hut along with another crew and they learned to become a reliable crew who depended totally on each other for their survival. [page break] Finally they finished their course on Lancaster's and in December 1944 just before Christmas they were posted to One Group B Flight Twelve Squadron Bomber Command at RAF Wickenby as a brand new crew. Wickenby is situated twelve miles south east of Lincoln and Lincoln Cathedral was a wonderful land mark for any returning aircraft. Twelve Squadron itself was a very old World War One squadron whose motto is "Foxes lead the field." This and a Foxes head are emblazoned on its crest; it is still in service today. Life on the squadron was fairly easy going apart from when you were on "Ops" and Eric and crew soon fell into the swing of things. A normal day would normally entail going across to the "flights" (A group of Nissan huts on the other side of the airfield). This was quite a long walk, like everyone else Eric signed out a bicycle for himself and most of the crew followed suit later. At "flights" they had a crew room, where crew sat, drank tea and gossiped. By this time "Wickes's" crew had been allocated a brand new Lancaster with Squadron Markings PH-Y painted on its fuselage and soon they took it on its first air test. The air test proved perfect and they were all delighted at having a brand new machine for their tour. At this time during lunch in the Sergeants Mess everyone gathered around the notice board to read the battle order for that particular night. Wickes's crew were on it and they read out the petrol load required for the operation; it was full tanks (21 .54 gallons). They knew it was to be a very long trip, but where to? That would come later at briefing. Eric's first operation was in fact Chemnitz in Far Eastern Germany a few miles from Dresden which had been fire bombed the day before. A thousand bombers took part, it was very long and exhausting, but the crew came back elated at their success in getting back home safely. This posting to Wickenby now presented Eric with a big problem; he was due to get married on the 6th of January 1945 to his dearly beloved fiance Aimee having become engaged to her prior to leaving for Canada a year earlier. [page break] Eric had first met his wife to be at a dance in St Andrews Church Hall, Clubmoor, Liverpool, one Saturday night. He always remembers this time fondly. He had arrived there with his friend Lenny Hughes and was waiting along with many other young men for a ladies choice dance to begin. He didn't hold much hope of being chosen, but a lovely young sixteen year old girl came confidently across the floor and asked him if he would like to dance. For Eric it was love at first sight and they became engaged six months later. Luckily the CO realised Eric's Marriage problem and granted Eric and all the crew a five day emergency leave and so all the crew attended his wedding. The wedding took place at St Andrews Church, Clubmoor, Liverpool on the 6th of January 1945. After the wedding ceremony Aimee and Eric went to Blackpool for a three day honeymoon. The crew remained on leave in Liverpool until Eric and Aimee returned from Blackpool, they as a crew left Liverpool from Lime Street station on the fifth day of their leave back to their Squadron at Wickenby. [page break] Life went on as usual and soon the crew had a dozen operations under their belts and went on to seven days leave in the month of February. Eric went home to Liverpool and the other members of the crew went elsewhere. On return it was with utter dismay, they found that their aircraft PH-V had been shot down and the crew listed as missing in action. This was a new crew who had borrowed PH-V for their first and only operation. The crew were really dismayed at losing PH-V, but were then given PH-N, this was the oldest kite on the twelve Squadron, but it was a "lucky machine" that had ninety seven operations to its credit, so they didn't mind too much. So life continued much as before, a series of events, such as air test, practical bombing, take-off and landing sessions, air gunnery with Spitfires as enemy and of course night bombing operations over Germany. [page break] During nights off the station emptied out into Lincoln or more usually to the local pub. These were very lively evenings were everyone got a little drunk and sang their heads off. The station also put on dances with WAFF'S and invited ladies from local villages in attendance. While to camp cinema showed numerous films of the time. Eric noticed as their tour progressed that like many other crews they started to get a little "twitchy" as they completed more and more operations. To date Wickes's crew had been lucky for they had survived three night fighter attacks by using a favourite tactic called "cork screwing" The fighter attacks always came from above the port or starboard wing of the bomber. For example if it was the starboard side under attack the air gunner concerned would shout "Fighter Fighter starboard beam, prepare to corkscrew, starboard now" On this command the pilot would partially throttle back the four engines and but the aircraft into a steep diving turn to starboard, this meant that by turning into the attacking aircraft it would have to steepen its turn also to keep on the target. By the time the Lancaster had lost about one thousand feet the pilot would pull it up and go in a steep turn to port and climb up a thousand feet, thus completing the first cycle of a corkscrew. Which would be repeated until the fighter broke off his attack. By the time he got his aircraft back on track the Lancaster had managed to escape out of sight, unlike today the attack planes had no way of re locating their foe. The aircraft suffered little damage from these attacks except during an attack by an ME 109 the tail fin being partially shot away. Navigational tactics during an operation could also endanger the aircraft and many aircraft collided and blew up when navigators took an action which was called "Dog Legging". This happens when the navigator realised he would be too early over the target and would have to take time losing action which couldn't be actioned simply be reducing airspeed (Usually navigators had plus or minus three minutes tolerance over the target). Dog legging meant altering course off the briefed track by sixty degrees for three minutes to starboard or port, this meant that the bomber would be cutting directly across the main bomber stream all virtually unseen at night. Usually the dog leg aimed to lose three minutes of time, so after three minutes the navigator turned the opposite way through one hundred and twenty degrees for a further three minutes, and then the navigator turned the bomber back on track to the target. This would effectively put him back on time by three minutes. He would repeat this action again if he still found it necessary to lose more time. It was an extremely dangerous tactic to undertake as there was a huge risk of collision. [page break] They also successfully survived flying through anti- aircraft flack box barrages, apart from loud explosions from nearby exploding shells and the clatter of shrapnel on the fuselage; they suffered little damage from the running of the gauntlet. Soon Wickes's crew became the senior crew on the Squadron with twenty three operations to their credit and so with a final operation to Heligoland the war came to a close, although an armistice had yet to be agreed upon. By this time PH-N had completed one hundred operations and was awarded by the Squadron members with a DFC and they all celebrated that night in the mess. Things were in a bad state in Europe. The Dutch particularly were all starving, so the Germans agreed on "a safe passage" for a massive air drop on Holland. This was carried out by our bomber command and the USA Eighth Air Force which flew B17 Fortress bombers. This huge Operation was given the code name "MANNA" by the British and "CHOWHOUND" by the Americans and so Eric continued on Ops, but this time instead of bombs Wickes's crew dropped food, and didn't they come down low, zooming across the flat, flooded landscape of Holland at zero feet, with hundreds of Dutch civilians waving to them as they passed over their villages. Eric's crew did four food drop operations, so he completed the Air War with twenty seven operations, three short of his tour of thirty. It had been a successful war for Wickes's crew but the icing on the cake was yet to come, when a few weeks later whilst on end of war leave Eric discovered he had been awarded the DFM (Distinguished Flying Medal) while Alec Wickes (Now and officer) had been awarded the DFC (Distinguished Flying Cross) and so they all disbanded and took de mob leave. Eric for his part was very unsettled for in January 1945 he had become a married man and now had a wife to consider. He now realised that he enjoyed service life and loved flying and after a long talk with Aimee they decided to continue RAF life together/ come what may. He signed on for a further eight years. later he extended this to twelve years. Finally as time passed by for the full twenty two years which entitled him to a full retirement pension at the age of forty? This also meant that he could live out with Aimee and she would receive a [page break] living out allowance along with her marriage allowance. As a married couple they were financially comfortable compared to many young couples settled in Civvy Street at the time. Eric had left Wickenby and the crew had dispersed while he in turn was at a holding unit on 'an old airfield called Snaith in Yorkshire. Aimee then was living with her sister Lillian while continuing with her post wartime job as a machinist at Lybro Clothiers; they only met at weekends and on leave. This was rather an unsatisfactory arrangement for them both but they accepted it and the short term separation until he got his life on a more permanent station. Unfortunately this was not to be as he was posted in May 1946 to RAF Dishforth in Yorkshire on a heavy conversion unit on York Transport Aircraft. This would ultimately mean that shortly he would be posted on to a Transport Command Squadron and would be spending lots of his time out of the country on route flying to the middle and far-east, at least once a month. Aimee was not happy about this, but accepted the enforced separation philosophically. There was one good piece of news that came out of this new posting. Seemingly his old war time skipper Alec Wickes had not left the service and returned to New Zealand, but had signed on with the RAF. He to had been posted to Dishforth and had asked for his old navigator to join him there on the next available course. This request was granted so they met up once again and flew together for nearly three more years. It is worth mentioning at this point that aircrew on obtaining their wings were promoted to the rank of Sergeant. Some were commissioned as officers. After one year Sergeants were promoted to Flight Sergeant and a year after that they became Warrant Officers. By Easter 1946 Eric had become a Warrant Officer. These ranks were not permanent however and only acting by definition as he explains later in this account. Soon, Eric with his old pilot Alec Wickes (Now a Flight lieutenant) completed their course on the York Transport, this plane is a development of a Lancaster Bomber, but with a large under slung roomy fuselage designed to carry both cargo and passengers or both. [page break] and an air quartermaster and so joined 246 Squadron, Transport Command. They had only been on the Squadron two days when Alec approached Eric and said "get your maps and charts together we are going on a ten day round trip to India tomorrow". This entailed a five days each way flight which was achieved by slipping crews in Egypt (This means one crew rested in Egypt and the other went on and Eric's crew followed with another plane the next day). The route was UK to Castel Benito, Tripoli, from there to Heliopolis in Cairo, then to Shaibah, Iraq, to Karachi, India and then on to Palam near Dell. It was all daytime flying, they night stopped at Tripoli and slipped crews at Heliopolls for one day. They night stopped at Karachi and after Palam they returned to UK on a reverse flight order. These were gruelling flights and they all came back greatly fatigued (Today known as jet lag). Such flights had their compensations and such was the case here in the form of smuggling. This was quite easy in those early days of peace. The British public had been deprived of luxury goods for many years and now had money to spend. There were no customs officers on any of the airfields and strangely, at many places along the routes luxury items like watches, jewellery, nylons, perfumes and ladies shoes were readily available and cheap. One of the most popular items smuggled in by the crews was large Chinese embossed Indian carpets from KarachL They cost about thirty pounds in Karachi and sold for around one [page break] hundred and fifty pounds in the UK. Smuggling became so well known in Cambridge (a later transport station) that at nights in the Criterion Hotel Bar transport crews would be approached by young ladies with a torn out copy of an advert from some American Magazines, this would be pocketed by the would be smuggler along with an outline of the ladies foot and this pattern would be faithfully copied by a back street shoemaker in Karachi for five pounds and later sold in UK to the lady for fifteen pounds. This also applied to all the other short supply goods mentioned. This smuggling continued a" the time Eric was on Transport Command to late 1948. Finally ended when a Customs Airfield was established at RAF Lyneham and all future route Yorks had to call there for customs clearance. From then on all the crew's duty free allowance was restricted to a bottle of whisky and two hundred cigarettes, a" other imports were taxed and so ended smuggling - more or less. Eric and Alec were only at Holmsley South for about four months then they were posted to 242 Squadron at Oakington, ten miles from Cambridge. At Oakington they had a new role flying Yorks with both passengers and freight and their route had now been extended to include Singapore and RAF Changi. Flying basically the same route as before, but now including either Dum Dum near Calcutta or Negombo in Ceylon. The choice of which route depended on the position and activity of the monsoon rains at the time. Most ofthe time on the UCS route so called, was uneventful, except for one incident halfway across the Indian Ocean on enroute from Changi to Negombo. Eric - as navigators do, was taking a merpass of the sun with his sextant, when his astrodome blew off and away went the dome and the sextant. He was rather shaken as were the rest of the cabin crew, but soon they all settled down to a rather noisy and windy flight. luckily there was no rain and at Negombo the ground crew sealed the opening temporarily and so they were able to continue for home next day. Eric and Alec carried on flying Yorks on 242 Squadron until the end of 1947. The Alec was posted to the Empire Air Training School at Shawbury and Eric to 148 Squadron at Upwood near Peterborough and back on Lancaster’s at Bomber Command again. It was whilst on this Squadron that he received the news on 14th January 1948 that his wife Aimee had given birth to a baby girl, later to be christened as Sandra. (So named after the homing searchlight beacons present on Bomber Command during the war). [page break] This period in their married lives meant that for once they could be together even though accommodation was hard to come by. However they struck lucky and Eric was able to hire an eighteen foot caravan situated about half a mile from the RAF Station gates. [page break] They were very happy there, but by February 1948 Eric was on the move once more, being posted to RAF Wyton, (is Squadron Bomber Command) twelve miles away from Upwood towards Huntingdon. Eric would commute by bicycle. luckily they had just started building new married quarters at Wyton and after a few months they moved from the caravan into brand new married quarters on the camp at Wyton itself. These were very settled times for them both and baby Sandra. Eric was now flying Lincoln’s. This was really a stretched version of the Lancaster, but updated in several ways, yet still obsolete, now that Canberra's and V bombers would soon be coming into service. Never the less life was now settled and enjoyable for Eric and Aimee, but for how long? Unfortunately it was not for long at all, by April 1950 he was posted to RAF Marham, near Kings lynn, Norfolk and so they had to vacate their quarters and move on once again. luckily this station was also embarked on a big building scheme, but quarters would not become available for about eighteen months. luck was again on their side and they managed to rent a self-contained flat over a general store in Downham Market. So they all settled down yet again. Aimee and Sandra were very happy there and became lifelong friends with the owners of the flat. However this meant that Eric had to cycle back and forward to work each day which was rather a bind (Twelve miles each way). Once the building started he was able to hitch a lift with the Lorries delivering materials for the building of the new runways. [page break] Marham turned out to be a very special posting; he became part of a team chosen to form a new conversion unit because the RAF had decided to re-equip their Bomber Squadrons with B 29 Bombers from the USAF (United States Air Force). The B29 had proved itself in the Japanese theatre of war and was seen as a perfect stop gap plane until the Squadrons of the RAF were re-equipped with jets. Initially these new crews were all converted on to the B29 by American crews and Eric because he was already familiar with the "Norden" bomb site became a Bombing Instructor when the first of the new RAF B29 Squadrons came into conversion. The B29 was known in the RAF as the Washington and he remembers up to eight Squadrons of RAF air crew that he was involved in training. The conversion unit then finally became a full Squadron in its own right and was given the title 35 Squadron. He now served on the new Squadron as a Navigator/Bomber Aimer. A year later Eric was able to move into a new married quarter on the base, this was a three bedroom semi-detached house with all mod cons of the day. [page break] During his time at Marham Her Majesty the Queen visited the base and the next door married quarter was inspected by her. All the children were lined up to meet her. He remained at Marham until June 1956. Sandra grew up and then at five years old attended a small “hutted" infant school set up by the camp authorities for Eric's part, life settled down to the usual humdrum Squadron life, except now he was a full Flight Sergeant but life was similar to before. Cross country exercises, bombing and gunnery etc. life had become quite boring. Things changed in 1955 when other bomber squadrons in the RAF were now being re equipped with jet bombers and the B 29 crews had the very pleasant task of ferrying a well- used B29 back to the USA. Eric was lucky and made three transatlantic crossings, firstly via Iceland to near New York and then down to Dover in Delaware. They night stopped at Dover and next day flew via Montgomery in Alabama and then on to their destination at Davies Monthan Air Force Base near Tucson, Arizona, a very successful flight to a huge desert airfield full of thousands of moth balled military aircraft stretching out into the desert as far as the eye could see. It really brought home to him the enormity of the American Air Force and how it now had an Air Force fully equipped with jet planes. [page break] The crews returned to Marham courtesy of American civil and military transport planes as passengers. Later at Marham 35 Squadron converted on to the jet Canberra Bomber. It took Eric quite a while to adjust to the new speeds and altitudes of the Canberra, then gradually as before he settled down to normal Squadron life. He remained at Marham until June 1956, until the whole Squadron was relocated to RAF Upwood and so he completed a full circle in Bomber Command. Shortly after arriving Aimee and Sandra moved into a new quarter on the base and Sandra went on to the village school in Ramsey village. Eric was only at Upwood a week when the Suez Canal crises occurred, this was when the canal was nationalised by Colonel Nassar and closed to shipping. British and French Governments strongly objected to this action and several Squadrons of Canberra's were posted out to Akrotiri in Cyprus, 35 Squadron being one of them. As history shows this campaign to open up and free the blockaded Suez Canal which was aided and abetted by France and Israel became an utter farce and even after successful landing of troops in the zone and one bombing raid by RAF Canberra's on Cairo Radio Station the whole force had to withdraw, like whipped dogs since the United Nations with USA in the lead, insisted that this [page break] action was against International Law and that sanctions would be taken against us all if we disobeyed the UN's orders. Once again Eric was back at RAF Upwood to whatever lay ahead, he didn't have to wait too long, by early July 1957 he was posted to Kuala Lumper in Malaya to the Department of Psychological Warfare (Whatever that was). So by late July 1957 Eric found himself on the troop ship 55 Oxfordshire along with Aimee and 5andra, as he had organised an accompanied passage for them. [page break] The ship had to go via Durban, South Africa, because the Suez Canal was still closed to shipping. When they reached Durban they were on the first troop ship to call there since the end of World War 2. In those days the "troop ships" were always met by the "Lady in White" who sang patriotic songs over a very loud PA system and the citizens welcomed all the troops as they passed through. Now as patriotic as ever, she came out of retirement to welcome them all both in and out of the harbour during their twelve hour stay. As the Oxfordshire left Durban at dusk she was on the quay and sang them away with land of hope and glory. It was a very emotional experience for all on board. A couple of weeks later they arrived early morning at Singapore and they all spent the day sight-seeing in Singapore City, before boarding a sleeper train bound for Kuala Lumpar {KL}. The night trip was uneventful in spite of terrorist activity in certain areas of the route. All servicemen including Eric were issued with rifles and revolvers. [page break] They arrived at KL early morning and took up residence for a few days in the Paramount Hotel in Batu Road. It took Eric and family a few days to get settled in but soon they were safely billeted in an RAF civilian hiring at an area called Brickfields. Meanwhile Eric acquired an old Standard 9 saloon car for a small sum and soon was using it to get himself and family to and fro from hiring to airfield and elsewhere. In fact life became very pleasant indeed, Sandra was soon enrolled in the local British Army School and was bussed into lessons every weekday. These lessons finished at lpm every day, Aimee and Sandra taxied to the airfield nearly every day where they met up with Eric at the Naffe Club and swimming pool, since he had usually finished the days flying duties by then. The family [page break] later moved into a small bungalow at Petaling Jaya and new housing estate on the outskirts of KL. Eric discovered that he was now a navigator attached to a flight of three old Dakota Transport Planes of World War Two vintage, but still fully operational. They were known as "The Voice Flight" each was named as "Faith" "Hope" and "Charity" and had been especially adapted to carry out loud hailing operations for the Department of Psychological Warfare. Each Dakota carried four ground tannoy loud speakers securely attached to the underside of the fuselage on a metal girder pointing out to port (Left) (Can be seen in photo just above wheels). Power to these was in the form of a huge emergency AC Ground Generator and was firmly bolted in the centre of the empty fuselage along with four by fifty vault valve operated amplifiers which stood at each corner of the generator. Messages in various local languages such as Chinese, Malayan and Indian were recorded on an endless tape and so messages were sent out to various terrorist groups in their jungle hideouts asking them to surrender. These terrorist groups were determined to break away from the British Empire and form a free Malaya, but not as a democratic government, but as a Communist one which the British Government was not prepared to sanction. Eric soon found out that this was quite a dangerous job since all the flights were done at a very low level and followed a square search pattern at a very low airspeed which meant flying near the aircrafts stalling speed. Most flights were [performed early morning and lasted three to four hours every day seven days a week, but not in bad weather conditions. Paint Your Wagon (Not the film later released starring Clint Eastwood and lee Marvin) was a very popular musical on Broadway and soon the voice flight had adapted one of its songs as a signature tune, namely "l Talk To The Trees" (Clint Eastwood later sang this in the film). It was a very exacting job, but seemed to get results. As the terrorist war progressed so the terrorist groups gave ground more and more towards the Siamese Border. Soon the voice flight was on the move and found themselves at Bayen Nepas a small airfield on Penang Island. Aimee and Sandra soon followed a few days later when Eric had obtained a small Bungalow hiring at a small hamlet on the Island named Buket Glugar. This was also HQ for an RAF Boat Squadron for the region and several high speed launches were birthed there for sea patrols in that region. The voice flights were made very welcome by them and gave them access to their mess and outside film show which the family enjoyed. Eric was also a member of the Army Sergeants Mess at Minden Barracks which allowed them to use the facilities including swimming pool, this was near to their home in Green lane. [page break] During the move to Penang, there was a tragedy the Dakota's were being used to carry freight to their new base in Penang and since the airfield had no night facilities one of the planes fully laden was in a hurry to take off to get there before nightfall and in his haste the pilot Flight lieutenant Kevin Kelleher failed to carry out his ground checks and took off with his elevator locks still inserted in the elevators in the fully up position. On take-off he went straight up in the air and stalled and crashed on the end of the runway. Fortunately no one [page break] was injured but the plane was a write off. (I recently learned in December 2014 that Kevin had died). Now we only had "Hope" and "Charity" left. In August 1959 Eric was promoted to Warrant Officer yet again, but this time he was of substantive rank and now known as a Master Navigator. He remained in this rank until he retired. By the end of December 1959 the terrorist war came to a victorious end to the British and Commonwealth Forces. The terrorists surrendered in droves. The Chinese leader Chin Peng disappeared over the Thai Border and presumably ended up back in Communist China (He lived to a good age and died last year 2013). It was also the end ofthe British Governing in Malaya as the country became an Independent state. At the beginning of January 1960 the Malayans celebrated MERDEKA (Freedom) and became known as Malaysia. On 1st January 1960 Eric and family arrived by air into London's Heathrow. After a visit to Air Ministry Eric was posted (After a month's leave) to Dishforth. It should be mentioned at this point that prior to leaving Malaya Eric had ordered a new Hillman Minx Car from a dealer in George Town, Penang. In those distant days it was almost impossible to buy a new car in the UK as they all went for export and any UK models carried a huge purchase tax burden. However since he was then deemed as overseas he was able to purchase a new model free of taxes which was duly deducted from the export line in the UK and was awaiting his collection for when he had finally arrived home. This collection was duly made by him whilst on leave and so he became the owner of a brand new Hillman Minx At Dishforth instead of York Aircraft he found himself on a twelve week conversion course on the mighty Bristol Beverley a workhorse transport aircraft as navigator. [page break] In early 1960 Eric finished the conversion and was posted to 47 Squadron at Abingdon in Oxfordshire. A lovely area to be posted to. With his seniority he soon moved into married quarter whilst his daughter Sandra who had passed the eleven plus examine in Malaya, moved into the local Grammar School, so the Parkers were settled once more except for the number of detachments he would have to suffer, now that he was back in Transport Command. Whilst stationed on the new base apart from the usual crew training so named as continuation training, they were also involved in para trooping and heavy drop training, but most of the time the crews were out of the country ferrying passengers and freight to all parts of the Med, Middle East and all over Africa north of the equator. For example the Squadron flew out to Eastleigh/Nairobi, Kenya for a month in November 1962 and made numerous food drops to the famine suffering areas of Kenya in the northern frontier district on the Ethiopian border, either air dropping or landing with heavy supplies, on very short air strips carved out of the bush. Short field landings and take offs were a speciality for the Beverley with its four reverse thrust engines and very low landing speeds and robust under carriage. The Squadron spent Christmas in Nairobi and returned to UK in January 1963. Satisfied that they had done a good humanitarian job in Africa. During his time with 47 Squadron he made several interesting trips, one in particular was to a place called Manfe in the British Cameroons; this meant crossing the Sahara Desert with a load of heavy freight for a new airfield being constructed there right in the middle of a dense jungle region. On his first flight, his navigation took him to a couple of miles of the new airstrip, but unfortunately for him all homing devices on the airfield had broken down, making it impossible to find the airfield among the dense canopy of trees. They flew around for about half an hours searching vainly for visual contact, but to no avail. But hope came from an unsuspected source, as one of the passengers, a civilian air engineer, returning to Manfe from UK leave came forward and recognising a nearby river bend was able to direct them to the much concealed airstrip. Relief was expressed all round as fuel was getting critical by this time and they would have had to consider diverting to Kano a big airfield in Nigeria. The second trip was no problem as all the radio waves were fully serviceable, on returning to UK Eric had to report sick as he found out he had contracted amoebic dysentery and spent three weeks in isolation hospital at RAF Ery, Norfolk. He finally got clearance for the disease and was soon back on flying with the Squadron, with a medical restriction which [page break] supposedly was to restrict his flying to Europe only but the squadron ignored this and soon he was back en route to Khormaksa, Aiden. This airfield served the port of Aiden and the Yemen. This was at the time when Britain was withdrawing from the smaller outposts in the middle and Far East. With many others on the squadron he helped in this withdrawal. Evacuating troops and valuable freight back to the UK. Eric remained with 47 Squadron until August 1964, when he applied for a one year home posting which airmen ending long service were entitled to receive under RAF regulations. The parker family packed their bags and bought a brand new semi-detached house at Formby. This house had a large back garden. The house had been purchased and equipped during an earlier leave period. His new posting was to an RAF telephone exchange at Haydock - between Liverpool and Manchester alongside the Haydock Racecourse. This exchange also supported a Radar tracking unit in its grounds. In his last year Eric became a RT controller on the unit. (A very cushy posting). Although the hours could be very irregular depending on when the new V bomber force wanted to practice their radar bombing. As he now still had the Hillman Minx, the journey from Formby was not onerous. [page break] At this time the role of the Plotting Unit should be explained. Its purpose was to allow the V Bomber Force to practice it's blind bombing techniques. Each unit (There were several dotted over the UK) had two radar dishes in cabins, it was the task of the operators to track the V Bombers as they made their bombing run in for the target, which in this case was the dead centre of the plotting table. So that as they came into range information from the dishes was passed to this part of the unit. This triggered off the ink filled tracker arm fixed on the plotting table and this track continued towards the table centre until the bomber pilot called bomb had gone then the plotting arm stopped drawing. The by a series of mathematical tables a controller was able to calculate where the bomb would have struck in relation to the target on the plotting table centre and the results were then passed to the bomber by VHF radio. The V Bomber Force honed its blind bombing skills in this way and became more proficient. The bombers would fly from their various bases situated in other parts ofthe UK and ostensively bomb Haydock and other such units situated elsewhere in the course of the exercise. [page break] Eric quite enjoyed his short time at Haydock and recalls one very special evening which has stayed with him until this day. About 1030pm all RT discipline on the unit was broken when a V Bomber pilot called him up and said "Have you heard the news? President Kennedy has been assassinated." Soon the airwaves were awash with uncontrolled chatter. It seemed so strange as strict radio discipline had always been the rule. Soon Eric's time at Haydock and indeed the RAF ended. He departed in late August 1964, on his last but one day to the de mob centre just outside Blackpool and took a bed there for the night. Next morning he went through all the de mob procedures and finally was kitted out at the clothing store with a full set of civilian gear. This gear was exactly the same as that given to conscripts at the end of the World War 2 -1945-1948 and comprised: Hat, shirt, tie, three piece suit, socks and shoes, and belted raincoat. Eric found them handy for working in, in the garden and other odd jobs. He also received his final wages which surprisingly contained a £12 bonus for winning his DFM. Seemingly officers received £25 for their DFC's, but were expected to forgo this amount and donate it to the RAF Benevolent Fund (Or so he was told). Eric became a civilian once more and he felt quite disconsolate as he made his way home to his new house in Formby and new life with his wife and daughter. He had made plans for his future, during his last few years at RAF Abingdon and he now intended that his new work life would be that of a schoolmaster and so during that period he attended many educational courses provided by the RAF to obtain the necessary GCE's to gain entry to a training college. During this time he obtained good passes of GCE's in Maths, English Language, English literature, Navigation, Chemistry, Geography and General Paper. These were quite sufficient at that time for entry into college. He was finally accepted by Edge Hill Teachers Training College, near Ormskirk, Lancashire, which is situated about twelve miles inland from the coast of Formby, which is now a part of Merseyside (Since 1974) and so he travelled to and fro each day in the comfort of his Hillman Minx (Quite a change from his cycling days in the RAF). Edge Hill was a very stately college in lovely grounds and as a former lowly lad from West Derby, he felt very privileged to be a mature student there. This mature status meant that he only had to complete a two year course and so he joined up with a junior course of students that had just completed their first year's study. He joined this course at the beginning of the Easter Term 1965 along with about six other mature students, both men and women were on the course. [page break] For his main subjects he elected to specialise in Geography and Rural Science as he still maintained his love of the outdoors and the wider world. Rural Science comprised many topics such as general gardening, soil science, botany, chemistry and he found it very interesting especially as his new house in Formby embraced an extra-large garden. (As earlier photographs have shown). The Geography course was equally comprehensive and he found it quite fulfilling as it embraced so many subjects that he had used every day as his role as RAF Navigator. Such topics as map projections, meteorology, geology, astronomy, time and tides, all were relevant to him and so he found the course quite absorbing and easy. During the two years at Edge Hill Eric had to complete a full school term teaching practice for each of the years, for the first year he was lucky and completed his practice at Holy Trinity Junior School in Formby which was very convenient for him. For the second year term of practice he taught at Ormskirk Secondary School. He enjoyed both these postings and learned a lot about handling children and general classroom procedures. Finally he qualified and left college and took up a position at St luke's C of E School in Formby. For his main subjects he elected to specialise in Geography and Rural Science as he still maintained his love of the outdoors and the wider world. Rural Science comprised many topics such as general gardening, soil science, botany, chemistry and he found it very interesting especially as his new house in Formby embraced an extra-large garden. (As earlier photographs have shown). The Geography course was equally comprehensive and he found it quite fulfilling as it embraced so many subjects that he had used every day as his role as RAF Navigator. Such topics as map projections, meteorology, geology, astronomy, time and tides, all were relevant to him and so he found the course quite absorbing and easy. During the two years at Edge Hill Eric had to complete a full school term teaching practice for each of the years, for the first year he was lucky and completed his practice at Holy Trinity Junior School in Formby which was very convenient for him. For the second year term of practice he taught at Ormskirk Secondary School. He enjoyed both these postings and learned a lot about handling children and general classroom procedures. Finally he qualified and left college and took up a position at St luke's C of E School in Formby. [page break] This was a typical small village school still maintaining its links with the church even though this was now the responsibility of the local council. The headmistress at this time was an old fashioned spinster named Miss Cubbons and she ruled the school with a fair but firm hand. Eric remembers his opening week with her when one day she said to him "Remember this Mr Parker, you don't want children to like you, you want them to resoect you and liking you will follow." Eric took this on board and it served him in good stead during his twenty two years of teaching. During his first two years at St Lukes Eric was in charge of second year Juniors and settled in well until Miss Cubbons retired and a new headmaster was appointed, a Mr Brian Waiter Mills who was formerly Deputy Head at St Peters, Formby. Eric and Brian became firm friends almost overnight and when the school reconvened at the end of the summer holidays he move Eric up to fourth year junior class teacher. Eric was delighted with his new post and soon spread his wings, since the new head although quite traditional, was not afraid to accept new challenges. This suited Eric and he spread his wings into all sorts of educational topics of curricular and non-curricular. By and large the boys and girls of the fourth year responded well to his efforts and he gained the respect not only of the children but their parents as well. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Eric Parker's Biography Description An account of the resource Titled Eric's Story it details Eric's life from birth in Liverpool. He joined the RAF on his 18th birthday in January 1942. Initial training was at Paignton then he was shipped to Canada. He failed to progress as a pilot and was transferred to a navigator course, returning to UK in February 1944. He flew in Lancasters with 12 Squadron at Wickenby. He and his entire crew were given five days leave so that he could get married in January 1945. His crew dropped food for the starving Dutch as part of Operation Manna. After the war he served with Transport Command on Yorks. He continued moving around and spent time on B-29s then Canberras at Marham. Later he and his family were sent to Kuala Lumpur then Penang on Dakotas. On his return he was posted to Abingdon on Beverleys. This included trips to Nairobi. He transferred to Haydock as a radio controller, after which he left the RAF and became a teacher. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014-12 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 32 page typed sheets Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Text. Personal research Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context B[Author]ParkerEv1 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Civilian Royal Air Force Royal Air Force. Bomber Command Royal Air Force. Transport Command United States Army Air Force Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Great Britain England--Liverpool England--Knowsley (District) England--Liverpool England--Aintree England--Paignton Canada Nova Scotia--Halifax Saskatchewan--Moose Jaw Manitoba--Brandon Ontario England--Harrogate Germany--Chemnitz Germany--Dresden England--Blackpool England--Lincoln England--Bournemouth India Egypt Libya--Tripoli Egypt--Heliopolis (Extinct city) Iraq India--New Delhi Pakistan--Karachi Singapore India--Kolkata Sri Lanka--Negombo England--King's Lynn England--Downham Market Iceland United States Delaware--Dover New York (State)--New York Arizona--Davis-Monthan Air Force Base Egypt--Suez Canal Malaysia--Kuala Lumpur South Africa--Durban Kenya--Nairobi Cameroon Sahara Desert Nigeria--Kano Yemen (Republic)--Aden England--Formby England--Haydock England--Ormskirk Germany--Helgoland Québec Québec--Montréal Arizona Delaware New York (State) Libya Saskatchewan Germany Nova Scotia Kenya Malaysia South Africa Pakistan Sri Lanka Nigeria Yemen (Republic) Malaysia--George Town (Pulau Pinang) England--Devon England--Hampshire England--Lancashire England--Norfolk England--Lincolnshire Manitoba North Africa Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource David Bloomfield Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1942 1943 1944 1945 12 Squadron 148 Squadron 15 Squadron 242 Squadron 35 Squadron 47 Squadron air gunner aircrew Anson anti-aircraft fire B-29 Blenheim bomb aimer C-47 Cornell crewing up Distinguished Flying Cross Distinguished Flying Medal entertainment flight engineer ground personnel hangar Heavy Conversion Unit Initial Training Wing Lancaster Lincoln love and romance Me 109 navigator Navy, Army and Air Force Institute Nissen hut Operation Manna (29 Apr – 8 May 1945) Operational Training Unit pilot RAF Abingdon RAF Blyton RAF Dishforth RAF Eastleigh RAF Husbands Bosworth RAF Lyneham RAF Marham RAF Oakington RAF Paignton RAF Shawbury RAF Snaith RAF Sywell RAF Upwood RAF Wickenby RAF Wyton Spitfire Tiger Moth training Wellington wireless operator Women’s Auxiliary Air Force York https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/163/2094/PBanksP15020085.2.jpg 1fb198681b819394a43700464f2f564e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Banks, Peter. Album 2 Description An account of the resource The album contains a varied collection of photographs taken whilst based at RAF Feltwell from 1937 onwards. There are aerial views of Windsor and Buckingham Palace, Harrow aircraft, plus social and service events. Post-war he was transferred to Singapore via India and Burma. The album reflects his social life with occasional photograph of his service activities at RAF Seletar. His return to UK via Bombay at the time of Indian independence is recorded, followed by scenic shots round Wick in Scotland. Finally there are some photographs of Angkor Thom in Cambodia. It also contains pages from newspapers dated 18 and 19 June 1940. <br /><br />Return to the <a href="https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/collections/show/140">main collection</a>. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. Some items have not been published in order to protect the privacy of third parties, to comply with intellectual property regulations, or have been assessed as medium or low priority according to the IBCC Digital Archive collection policy and will therefore be published at a later stage. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal, https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/collection-policy. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource One photograph album Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context PBanksP1501 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Four men at Khota Tingghi Falls Description An account of the resource Two photographs of the same group of men in swimming trunks at the edge of the falls. Captioned 'Stan, Fanhy, Myself &Bish'. Additional information about this item has been kindly provided by the donor. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Two b/w photographs mounted on an album page Type The nature or genre of the resource Photograph Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context PBanksP15020085 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Royal Air Force Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Malaysia https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/1937/38348/LJolliffeFSW197221v4.2.pdf 111122231c809862e71aa1d6a367a0ec Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jolliffe, Frank Sidney Walter F S W Jolliffe Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-09-18 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. Some items have not been published in order to protect the privacy of third parties, to comply with intellectual property regulations, or have been assessed as medium or low priority according to the IBCC Digital Archive collection policy and will therefore be published at a later stage. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal, https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/collection-policy. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Jolliffe, FSW Description An account of the resource 129 items. The collection concerns Wing Commander Frank Sidney Walter Jolliffe (b. 1923, 1314311 Royal Air Force) and contains his log books, documents and photographs. He flew operations as a bomb aimer with 149 Squadron. The collection has been donated to the IBCC Digital Archive by Margaret Lowe and catalogued by Trevor Hardcastle. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Frank Joliffe's flying log book. Four Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Great Britain, Royal Air Force Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. England--Norfolk England--Wiltshire Singapore England--Warwickshire England--Kent Great Britain Malaysia Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Royal Air Force Royal Air Force. Fighter Command Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text. Log book and record book Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource One booklet Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LJolliffeFSW197221v4 Description An account of the resource Aircrew flying log book 5, for F S W Jolliffe, navigator/radar, covering the period from 8 September 1961 to 8 May 1983. Detailing his flying duties with 60 squadron, all weather fighter combat squadron and number 2 air navigation school. He was stationed at RAF Tengah, RAF West Raynham and RAF Hullavington. Aircraft flown in were Javelin, Sycamore, Belvedere, Britannia, Comet, Caravelle, Valetta, Varsity, Lightening, Dakota, Alouette, Chipmunk, Pembroke and Gazelle. His last flight crewing an aircraft in Singapore was on 3rd December 1962 when they had to eject from their Javelin. Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Mike Connock Conforms To An established standard to which the described resource conforms. Review Oct 2024 aircrew navigator RAF Biggin Hill RAF Hullavington RAF West Raynham https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/1937/38349/LJolliffeFSW197221v3.2.pdf 5df50533165672ea2c3bca8070b9ea36 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jolliffe, Frank Sidney Walter F S W Jolliffe Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-09-18 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. Some items have not been published in order to protect the privacy of third parties, to comply with intellectual property regulations, or have been assessed as medium or low priority according to the IBCC Digital Archive collection policy and will therefore be published at a later stage. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal, https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/collection-policy. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Jolliffe, FSW Description An account of the resource 129 items. The collection concerns Wing Commander Frank Sidney Walter Jolliffe (b. 1923, 1314311 Royal Air Force) and contains his log books, documents and photographs. He flew operations as a bomb aimer with 149 Squadron. The collection has been donated to the IBCC Digital Archive by Margaret Lowe and catalogued by Trevor Hardcastle. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Frank Jolliffe's flying log book. Three Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. England--Hampshire England--Norfolk England--Suffolk Singapore England--Yorkshire Great Britain Malaysia Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Royal Air Force Royal Air Force. Fighter Command Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text. Log book and record book Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource One booklet Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LJolliffeFSW197221v3 Description An account of the resource Aircrew flying log book 4, for F S W Jolliffe, navigator/radar, covering the period from 4 December 1956 to 20 July 1961. Detailing his flying duties with 46, 141, 41, 60 squadrons and headquarters number 11 group. He was stationed at RAF Odiham, RAF Horsham St Faith, RAF Coltishall, RAF Wattisham, RAF Martlesham Heath, and RAF Tengah.</p> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Great Britain. Royal Air Force Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Mike Connock Conforms To An established standard to which the described resource conforms. Review Oct 2024 141 Squadron aircrew Anson Meteor navigator RAF Coltishall RAF Horsham St Faith RAF Leeming RAF Martlesham Heath RAF Odiham RAF Wattisham https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/1937/38590/BJolliffeFSWJolliffeFSWv1.2.pdf d3a756af4917ed611f5db74d3dea3451 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jolliffe, Frank Sidney Walter F S W Jolliffe Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-09-18 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. Some items have not been published in order to protect the privacy of third parties, to comply with intellectual property regulations, or have been assessed as medium or low priority according to the IBCC Digital Archive collection policy and will therefore be published at a later stage. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal, https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/collection-policy. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Jolliffe, FSW Description An account of the resource 129 items. The collection concerns Wing Commander Frank Sidney Walter Jolliffe (b. 1923, 1314311 Royal Air Force) and contains his log books, documents and photographs. He flew operations as a bomb aimer with 149 Squadron. The collection has been donated to the IBCC Digital Archive by Margaret Lowe and catalogued by Trevor Hardcastle. Transcribed document A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Transcription Text transcribed from audio recording or document [underlined] ACCOUNT OF THE EVENTS LEADING UP TO AND FOLLOWING THE CRASH OF JAVELIN XH. 836 – BY SQUADRON LEADER F.S.W. JOLLIFFE [/underlined] On Monday, 3rd December, 1962, Wg. Cdr. Smith and I took off in “OSCAR” (XH. 836) for H.L.P.I. and E.C.M. sortie. Airborne at 0805 hours we had levelled in cloud at 36,000 ft, speed .85M, and were turning onto 260 degrees under G.C.I. instruction when there was a tremendous explosion and the aircraft pitched violently nose down. Wg. Cdr. Smith just had time to call “Hang on!” when the aircraft pitched again into the semi-inverted position. At this I ejected. The time was 0815 hours. The ejector seat worked perfectly. However, the symphony of noise from explosive decompression, slipstream, seat gun and engines, combined with the colossal push on the backside, was stunning and stupefying. I am sure I remained fully conscious throughout this phase and when I was able to collect my scattered wits, found myself falling through cloud in the seat and rotating slowly. I had snagged the right leg pocket of my overalls during the ejection. This pocket, which had been filled to bulging point with emergency rations, was ripped wide open and empty. My left leg pocket, which only held my first aid pack, cigarettes and lighter, was intact. My “bone dome” had come off – although the chin strap had been fastened. My oxygen mask had become displaced and I found myself gasping for breath. This I cured by re-positioning the mask and snapping down the emergency toggle. Still in cloud I reached for the manual over-ride ‘D’ ring and was recalling the “D.O.D” sequence when I separated from the seat automatically, just about at the cloud base 10 – 11,000 ft. Together with the jolt of the main canopy opening I received a hefty crack across the nose from the metal end of my P.E.C. which effectively closed my right eye. My vision was quite blurred but I was able to approximately pin-point my position and although I was quite close to the East coast it was quickly apparent that I would not be lucky enough to land on the beach or in the sea, but was fated to go into the jungle some 2/3 miles inland. [page break] - 2 - I looked around for my pilot but couldn’t see him. I saw a thick column of grey black smoke blossom from the jungle to the North and realised this must be “OSCAR”. I scanned the sky anxiously for the Wing Commander and called even louder, but seeing nothing and having no answer the horrifying possibility that he was still in that burning Javelin filled me with abject gloom. This depression remained until I later heard the remarkable story of his short stay in the trees from my rescuers. As I came closer to the tree tops I lowered my dinghy pack. The effect of lowering this pack was to set up a violent oscillation which was still increasing when I hit the jungle roof. Consequently I wound up hanging semi-inverted. My legs looped in the dinghy pack lanyard which was caught in one tree. The rest of me was supported by my harness, the rigging lines and canopy being tangled in a tree behind me. I decided to cut the dinghy lanyard to free my legs and allow myself to swing into the trees behind me. However, no sooner had I severed the lanyard than there was a great crashing and rending of timber and I found myself on my back on the jungle floor (some 100 ft below my original perch) underneath a mass of foliage, branches and parachute. Luckily the ground was very swampy and cushioned my fall. The time was 0830 hours. After wriggling and crawling out of this mass of greenery I was delighted to find that I had an almost full packet of cigarettes and my lighter, so while I checked for possible injuries and gathered my senses I was able to have a cigarette. My nose and head were bleeding but the former quickly stopped while the latter was eased when bandaged. Other than a sore chest and aching back I seemed to be in pretty good shape. On checking around things looked very favourable from a survival aspect. I was not badly injured, I had all my survival gear. I knew where I was – give or take a few miles – and was certain that our “playmate” or the G.C.I. controller would have given the alarm and set R.C.C. into action. So I made my plan. [page break] - 3 - I decided to stay put for 24 hours and watch the progress of the search aircraft. If it became obvious that I had been located I would not move, but if, after 24 hours, I estimated that my position was still unknown to them I reckoned it would be as well to set out due East for the coast, or due West for the main road. Having waited one hour I switched on my “SARAH”. In the meantime I had arranged my canopy as a shelter, inflated my dinghy and checked my kit. I was in dense secondary jungle, which was verging on mangrove, and outbound sorties of some 200 yards on the cardinal headings from my position proved that the jungle was equally dense all around and that the “roof” cover was 6/8ths. So the chances of being seen from above even by a helicopter were very slight, and from an aircraft absolutely nil. After a couple of hours, during which I was happy to hear the engines of a searching Shackleton, the initial elation at being alive and in one piece wore off slightly and the aches and pains began to set in. I found, rather frighteningly, that I couldn’t see at all well. It was barely possible to read the smaller print on items of survival kit. Additionally any movement seemed to require alot [sic] of effort, sitting or lying down was painful, and I found myself spending more and more time simply standing still. Rain fell continually and everything was soaking wet, which frustrated any attempt to light a fire. Wood chopping with the almost useless Wilkinson knife was a tiresome business and although I had a plentiful supply of fire making tablets I was handicapped by a lack of dry paper and finally gave up trying to start a fire. The searching Shackleton moved much closer to my position and when on a North Westerly heading passed right overhead. It seemed to be “spot on” on that heading but the other runs passed well away from overhead, however, I stood by with a signal rocket and waited. Sure enough the Shackleton was soon heading in from the S.E. again and as it approached I fired the rocket. However I had misjudged its speed of approach and the rocket burst well [page break] - 4 - behind it. My second attempt shortly after was more successful, in fact I felt I must almost have hit the aircraft!, but it went on its way without any indication of having seen the burst and my morale dropped a couple of notches. Towards nightfall I made my arrangements for the hours of darkness. I inflated by dinghy fully, including the floor and canopy, and dried it thoroughly with the sponge. I attached my “SARAH” to it with the battery inside and the speech unit easily available. Then I fixed my McMurdo light in position with the battery cell close to a puddle ready for immersion. I had a long drink of purified water and refilled the plastic container and popped in a couple of purifying tablets. It was difficult to make myself comfortable in the dinghy but I was at least quite warm and after taking a morphia lozenge the pain in my chest and back eased considerably. When darkness fell I immersed the McMurdo light cell and in the light of this little lamp, which was surprisingly bright, I started to consider my plan for the next day. I was sure that the search had my position approximately plotted but realised that my chances of being seen from the air were very slight. Physically I was beginning to feel more pain and movement was growing more difficult, and it seemed reasonable to assume that this would grow worse. Therefore I needed to move as soon as possible. I felt sure after studying my map that I was closer to the coast than the Mersing road, but that I couldn’t be more than four miles from either. However, the difficulties of moving through mangrove would be greater than I was likely to encounter heading inland. Also I stood a chance of meeting any search party that came in from the road and it was always possible that there would be a timber track between me and the road. So on balance I decided that 270 degrees would be my heading. I smothered my face, hands and wrists with “anti bug” cream and put a generous dollop of Bruludine on my forehead and other scratches, then tried to sleep. It was a fitful sleep and [page break] - 5 - whenever I heard aircraft nearby I switched on my “SARAH” again. The low buzzing of this equipment was very reassuring and a great comfort. I was awake at dawn and after a breakfast of Glucose tablets and a Morphia lozenge I started collecting my marching kit. I cut some shroud lines and bundled my ration pack and first aid kit into my “poncho” cape, making this into a back pack. I fixed the Wilkinson knife onto my leg restrainers which I used as a belt. I took the clasp knife from the pack and the whistle from the Mae West. I already had a clasp knife and a whistle of my own but I felt these items to be sufficiently useful to duplicate. Two items I set aside to pack, and subsequently forgot, were the candle and jungle hat, both of which would have been useful later. I kept my remaining day/night flare handy in my overall pocket. The “SARAH” I fastened to a tree trunk and switched on. With its aerial erected it was too awkward to carry through the undergrowth so reluctantly I had to leave it. I knew my progress wouldn’t be rapid and so even if a rescue team arrived at the site after I left, provided they had some clue as to my heading, I reckoned they would quickly overtake me, as a fit party should travel much faster than an injured man. On the emergency flip from “Pilots Notes” I left several messages around the site giving my intended heading and time of departure. Having collected my water bottle I left the area at around 0830 hours. The undergrowth was harder to move through than anything I met on the survival course and the going was very slow indeed. Thorns and “hat snatcher” vines abounded, large dead trees to climb over and occasional huge clumps of fern that had to be crawled under made every yard a real effort and, most discouraging of all, there was not a single clearing. With only a short break at mid-day I kept going for eight hours in all. The one cheering feature was the sound and occasional sight of search aircraft above me and the knowledge that many hundreds of people would be working to effect my rescue. During the afternoon I heard a “voice” aircraft broadcasting. It was asking me to switch off my “SARAH” [page break] - 6 - when I heard the search aircraft overhead. This message was somewhat disconcerting because I reasoned that my failure to comply with the instruction would give the searchers the impression that I was in no fit state to obey, as they would almost certainly assume I was still with the “SARAH”. I felt rather guilty for not having made the extra effort to carry this vital equipment with me. At around 1730 hours I came to a small clearing on fairly dry ground and decided to rest for the night. I made myself a fairly thick mattress of ferns and leaves and while doing so an aircraft came fairly close to overhead. As it was turning in my direction again I fired my smoke flare, but it obviously wasn’t seen, the smoke took a long time to rise out of the tree tops. I had a meal of biscuits and cheese, after another abortive fire lighting attempt, and settled down for the night. I was reasonably dry, it hadn’t rained all day and the night sky was clear, and the bed of ferns was if anything more comfortable than the dinghy. Having no candle I tried to get to sleep shortly after darkness fell and was successful. However, by midnight I was wide awake and slept very little after that. I was up at dawn and re-assembled my pack, breaking camp at 0730 hours after a Glucose tablet breakfast. At about 0830 hours I was resting on a fallen tree when I thought I heard voices. This was a rather worrying moment for I remembered talking to another jungle survivor, Fg. Off. Bevin of No. 75 (NZ) Squadron, some months previously and he had said that after a couple of days walking he had suffered hallucinations. He imagined for instance he saw his wife waiting for him with his car and similar fantasies. I had a sudden dread that something of the sort was happening to me. I took a long drink of water, waited and listened, and sure enough the voices were still audible, so I gave a long blast on my whistle. There was an immediate shout and a little laughing Gurkha came crashing through the undergrowth in front of me, I have never been so [page break] - 7 - glad to see anyone. The Gurkhas, the 1st/2nd, who were under the command of Major Bob Watterton and Lt. David Stephens, had been moving along a logging track about 400 yards ahead of me when they had heard the whistle, and within a few moments I was being treated right royally. My clothes were stripped off and I was kitted out in clean khaki, socks and boots, wrapped in a blanket, bedded down and being fed hot tea, cigarettes and curry, while the troops worked literally like beavers chopping a clearing for the helicopter. Within three hours they had cut out an area about the size of a small football stadium and after a wait for weather I was lifted out – very dicely [sic] at a ropes end, into a hovering Belvedere which had been most skilfully piloted into the clearing. At 1415 hours I was back at Changi at the end of the most momentous couple of days I have lived through. Looking back on this episode I realise how extremely lucky I was on so many counts and I only hope that other aircrew reading this story will recognise the mistakes I made and benefit from them. In conclusion I would like to highlight some of the points I consider important:- (i) Any rations of extra survival kit carried in a flying suit should be carefully packed. (ii) To a smoker a pack of cigarettes and a lighter are most important items and well worth carrying. (iii) More flares would, if they could be packed, be most useful. On reflection I feel I would have benefitted by using mine more sparingly and later in the search. (iv) The Wilkinson knife is of doubtful value. Unless a modified version of the folding machette can be substituted for it I would suggest that it could be left out of the pack altogether and the available space given to more flares. [page break] - 8 - (v) As “SARAH” is the only link the survivor has with the searching aircraft it should be carried by him if he travels, no matter how much extra effort this requires. (vi) Any plan to move from the area of landing should be most carefully considered. Before making any move it is essential to weigh the pros and cons over and over again, checking every point in the plan. It is worth remembering that in the circumstances, although probably quite unaware of it, the survivor is suffering some form of shock and certainly is not as rational as normal, therefore it is too easy to make a wrong decision that at best will delay rescue, and at worst prove fatal. (vii) The instruction and experience from the Jungle Survival Course was invaluable. Knowing what the jungle was like took a lot of terror out of the situation and I was delighted to find that being alone at night did not worry me as much as being separated from my group on the last night of the jungle phase of the course. I can offer no reason for this, that’s just the way it was. (viii) Finally I would like to steal a little more space to thank all those people who had any part in the rescue that I have not been able to thank personally. It is impossible to express how much the knowledge that so many people are working so hard to get one out means; certainly just saying thank you indeed seems most inadequate. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Frank's account of his ejection, survival and rescue Description An account of the resource This is Frank's account of the events leading up to his ejection from Javelin XH836 and the subsequent time he spent in the jungle, before his rescue. These events occurred when he was a sqdn ldr nav/rad on No 60 Squadron based at Tengah, FEAF, Singapore. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Frank Jolliffe Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1962-12-03 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Royal Air Force Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Text. Memoir Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Eight typewritten pages Conforms To An established standard to which the described resource conforms. Pending text-based transcription. Under review Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context BJolliffeFSWJolliffeFSWv1 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Malaysia Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Tricia Marshall Maureen Clarke aircrew navigator https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/193/30980/SYeomanHT104405v10017.2.jpg 227be63d2c3eaac29a31baed0e4f4389 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Yeoman, Harold Harold Yeoman Harold T Yeoman H T Yeoman Description An account of the resource 31 items. Collection concerns Harold Yeoman (b. 1921 1059846 and 104405 Royal Air Force). He flew operations as a pilot with 12 Squadron. Collection contains an oral history interview, a memoir, pilot's flying log book, 26 poems, a photograph and details of trail of Malayan collaborator. The collection has been donated to the IBCC Digital Archive by Christopher E. Potts and catalogued by Nigel Huckins. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2016-10-28 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Yeoman, HT Transcribed document A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Transcription Text transcribed from audio recording or document POEM From Telok Pisang. The heart at length Will tire of beachcombing Within this exile Of a foreign season Who sees the bonewhite Sandscrew burrow Burning as maggot In curl of toe The sun that Tricks the eyelid Spells his pacing While tiderace battens On unhinging joint. Within an arc of palm Haphazard granite The minor octave Drips corrosive Falling in descant Tower and time and pitch Deaden to silence Like the seashell Or echo Anaesthesia. But the gypsy The watchful Orion Is loosed behind Forgotten fires His secret paths The advent of A strange ascension Seeking the enigma In the restless mind A picture painted In untidy strokes Of I Who wrap my body In a sensuous shroud And contemplate disaster In the scarred pallor Of a somnambulist moon. Telok Pisang – Sungei Glugor 6 Dec 45 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource From Telok Pisang Description An account of the resource Three verse poem. Malayan landscapes spur a reflection on human condition. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1945-12-06 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource One page typewritten document Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Text. Poetry Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context SYeomanHT104405v10017 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Malaysia Malaysia--Kampong Sungai Gelugor (Pinang) Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1945-12-06 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource David Bloomfield Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/2924/55480/BMilsonGWMilsonGWv1.pdf 8f34f02a38b3e3793de663de1cf0bfc7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Milson, George William Description An account of the resource 203 items. The collection concerns Flight Lieutenant George William Milson DFC (b. 1916, 937875 Royal Air Force) and contains correspondence, documents, and photographs]. He flew operations as a pilot with 18 and 84 Squadrons and became a prisoner of war of the Japanese. The collection was loaned to the IBCC Digital Archive for digitisation by Elizabeth Jane McElwee and catalogued by Barry Hunter. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2024-01-19 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Milson, GW Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource George Milson's memoir Description An account of the resource George Milson joined the RAF in September 1939. After receiving his wings, he was posted to No. 18 Squadron, flying night operations to Dunkirk, Duisburg, Wilhelmshaven, and later carrying out low level shipping sweeps and “Circus” operations over northern France. George completed thirty operations before being posted to the Middle East, joining No. 84 Squadron at Mosul and later serving in the Western Desert. There he flew repeated daylight strikes on enemy troops and shipping during the advance across Libya and took part in formation work, desert flying and intensive operational activity as the squadron moved forward. In January 1942 he flew as part of a six aircraft ferry flight from Egypt to the Far East, travelling via Habbaniya, Bahrain, Sharja, Karachi, Calcutta, Rangoon and finally Sumatra. He carried out both day and night attacks on Japanese landing forces, fleet units and positions around Palembang and Java, often in difficult conditions with poor facilities and heavy losses. During the collapse of Java he escaped on foot from Kalidjati with a small mixed group before being captured near Tjilatjap. He spent more than three years as a prisoner of war, first in solitary confinement and then in camps at Tjilatjap, Bandoeng, Changi and Kranji, taking part in work parties and camp duties until liberation in 1945. After repatriation he returned to Britain and was demobilised later that year. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource George Milson Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Singapore Great Britain England--Torquay England--Paignton England--St. Leonards (East Sussex) England--Stoke-on-Trent England--Skegness England--Boston France France--Dunkerque Germany Germany--Duisburg Germany--Wilhelmshaven Netherlands Netherlands--Texel France France--Brest France--Bordeaux (Nouvelle-Aquitaine) Germany--Norderney Malta Gibraltar Italy Italy--Pantelleria Island Egypt Egypt--Marsá Maṭrūḥ Egypt--Heliopolis (Extinct city) Egypt--Cairo Egypt--Ismailia (Province) Iraq Iraq--Mosul Iraq--Baghdad Egypt--Suez Israel Israel--Tel Aviv Israel--Haifa Iraq--Karkūk Iran Iraq--Baṣrah Israel--Tel Aviv Malaysia Malaysia--Butterworth (Pulau Pinang) Sudan Bahrain United Arab Emirates Pakistan Pakistan--Karachi India India--Mumbai India--Hyderabad Burma Burma--Akyab (District) Burma--Toungoo Burma--Rangoon Indonesia Indonesia--Sumatra Indonesia--Palembang Indonesia--Medan Singapore Indonesia--Bandar Lampung Indonesia--Batavia Sri Lanka Sri Lanka--Colombo Indonesia--Bandoeng Indonesia--Tjilatjap England--Liverpool New Zealand England--Langham Europe--Frisian Islands North Africa India--Kolkata United Arab Emirates--Shāriqah England--Torquay Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Royal Air Force Royal Air Force. Bomber Command Royal Air Force. Fighter Command Royal Australian Air Force Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Text. Memoir Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 41 printed sheets Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context BMilsonGWMilsonGWv1 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Maureen Clarke Claire Campbell Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Conforms To An established standard to which the described resource conforms. Pending text-based transcription Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1939-09 1942-01 1942-02 1945 13 OTU 18 Squadron 2 Group 211 Squadron 84 Squadron air gunner aircrew Anson anti-aircraft fire B-17 Blenheim bomb aimer bombing Catalina Distinguished Flying Cross Distinguished Flying Medal ditching escaping Gneisenau Hampden Harvard Hudson Hurricane Initial Training Wing Magister Me 109 mess Morse-keyed wireless telegraphy navigator observer Operational Training Unit Oxford pilot prisoner of war RAF Abu Sueir RAF Bicester RAF Bodney RAF Boscombe Down RAF Cardington RAF Coningsby RAF Cosford RAF Cranfield RAF Farnborough RAF Ford RAF Great Massingham RAF Halton RAF Hendon RAF Hinton RAF Horsham St Faith RAF Little Rissington RAF Lydda RAF Oulton RAF Polebrook RAF Portreath RAF Skegness RAF Upwood RAF Watton RAF West Raynham Red Cross Scharnhorst sport training Wellington Whitley wireless operator wireless operator / air gunner https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/949/9458/PWrigleyJ17040015.2.jpg 5c4c62b6ae44e0891476f439fcac74c5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wrigley, James. Album Description An account of the resource Photograph album containing 51 photographs of James Wrigley's family, training and post war service in the United States and the Far East with 97 Squadron. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Wrigley, J Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-07-09 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Georgetown and Jesselton, Borneo Description An account of the resource Photograph 1 is a vertical aerial photograph of a city on the coast. It is captioned 'Georgetown, Straits Settlement' Photograph 2 is a vertical aerial photograph of a town on the coast. It is captioned 'Jesselton, Borneo'. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Two b/w photographs from an album Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Photograph Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context PWrigleyJ17040015 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Royal Air Force Royal Air Force. Bomber Command Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Malaysia Malaysia--George Town (Pulau Pinang) Malaysia--Kota Kinabalu (Sabah) Conforms To An established standard to which the described resource conforms. Geolocated Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. aerial photograph https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/1110/26177/BRhodesG-KPayneAv1.pdf d5a02c511d29c08f78d3593481d03102 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Saunders, Roy and Honor Roy Saunders R Saunders Honor Saunders H Saunders Description An account of the resource 158 items. Oral history interviews with Roy Saunders (b. 1930) and Honor Saunders (b. 1931) and six albums of family photographs. Both experienced the London Blitz. <br /><br /><a href="https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/collections/show/1638 ">Foreshaw and Carter Photos</a><br /><a href="https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/collections/show/1639 ">Foreshaw Family</a><br /><a href="https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/collections/show/1640">Roy and Honor Saunders</a><br /><a href="https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/collections/show/1641">Saunders Family</a><br /><a href="https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/collections/show/1642">Thorpe and Diver Family</a><br /><a href="https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/collections/show/1643">Thorpe Family</a><br /><br />The collection has been loaned to the IBCC Digital Archive for digitisation by Roy and Honor Saunders and catalogued by IBCC Digital Archive staff. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-10-03 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Saunders, R-H Transcribed document A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Transcription Text transcribed from audio recording or document 1 of 10 [underlined] Grace and Ken Rhodes – War history [/underlined] I am sure you have obtained lots of information from Grandma Saunders, who lived through the war. You specifically asked about my Mum and Dad’s part in the war. I can give you small snapshots of what happened but, as I am sure you have found out, in the years following the war it was never discussed and one never asked questions. Indeed for me at school in the 1950’s and 60’s our history lessons stopped around 1900. What I did discover was mainly as a result of something on the TV (when there were programmes, often comedies, such as ‘allo ‘allo and ‘Dads Army’) which provoked some comment. I was also old enough to be present when friends of my parents who owned a record shop came to visit. The owner had worked in the development of radar and associated technology during the war with its application to ships etc. He and my Dad would sit exchanging stories with his wife, Mum and I sitting quietly trying to take it all in. So often I would have liked to ask questions but I felt this was not the time or place to do so. I guess this was a part of their lives I had no idea about. In retrospect I am not sure how much my Dad told my Mum. Firstly the outline of their war. Dates and some information about this comes from their rather brief war records which I obtained this year. Dad enlisted in September 1940 into REME (Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers), where he trained as an electrician and was posted to Croyden [sic] where he was promoted to Lance Corporal. On 4.11.41 he embarked to go abroad (to India) then on 30.12.1941 he embarked for ‘M/E’ which I think was Singapore to defend Singapore from the expected attack from the sea by the Japanese. Within weeks of his arrival the Japanese attacked but through the jungle trapping all the troops (from several countries) on the spit of land where Singapore was built. The Commander surrendered and all, the military and the civilians were taken prisoner. In the records it states “Missing in Malaya 15.2.1942” Then it says “Prisoner of war in Jap Hands” but no date (see later) Dad’s unit was moved to work on the notorious Burma Railway but he ended up working in the hospital and cookhouse. In practice the hospital had no drugs or any way to treat ill and injured men. No anaesthetics, antibiotics or any medicines. No medical or dental equipment. The cookhouse had minimal supplies of basic foods and all had to survive on so little that malnourishment was rife. [page break] 2 of 10 The next part says “Released by Allied Forces, 12.9.1945” There are no more formal entries and as far as I know the prisoners were brought back to the UK by sea in ‘hospital’ ships to allow time for the doctors to treat the many diseases and injuries they had. Your Grandma remembers him coming home in August of 1946 so he was nearly 11 months coming back. At that time he still only weighed 7 stone. Like many of those he had suffered from Yellow fever, Jaundice and Malaria (which reoccurred several times up until the 1980’s), had extensive leg ulcers and suffered with his teeth. He was lucky, many did not come home. The conditions in the camp also caused subtle but lasting damage to his heart. Mum enlisted in October 1941. As a woman with no dependents, she decided to enlist rather go into the Ammunition factories or away as Land Girl. Why the Royal Airforce I don’t know but whilst she was in the recruitment office a Naval Officer came in and asked if the Airforce could supply them with drivers (why? Mum always said it was because the WREN’s would not lower themselves to drive as they were the senior service!) When her turn came to register she asked if she could become a driver? They agreed and at the end of the war she ended up able to drive heavy lorries as well as cars. I don’t know were [sic] she trained but in June 1942 she was posted to Charmy Down near Bath, Somerset (about a mile from where Stephen went to University). Not only did drivers take officers and the pilots where they needed to go, they would collect and deliver items and stores etc. In addition in poor/foggy weather they would help the planes to land by lining up along the runway with headlights on to guide them in. She then transferred to RAF Colerne August 1943, another fighter command base. In August 1944 she was transferred to Broadwell, in Oxfordshire, (near RAF Brize Norton). She was discharged in October 1945. At some point she was being transferred abroad but just before they went the authorities stopped it because they could not get her husband’s permission for her to go abroad. This in spite of them making her Dad, Grandpa Foreshaw, her legal ‘next of kin’ when Dad went abroad. I don’t think that would happen today! I think Mum was happiest at Charmy Down, she always spoke of that base not the others. Mum made several friends in the billets. Many of the ladies were from european [sic] countries invaded by the Germans. Her best friend and fellow driver who I met on many occasions until she died in the 1990’s, was ‘Aunt Nell’, a lady from Holland who worked in London as the Head Housekeeper in a couple of big London Hotels. But there were many others and I have some [page break] 3 of 10 photos. I have no idea of who they all were. In the records it says her conduct etc was excellent, though I remember Dad commenting that she was nearly court marshalled! She was seen handing cigarettes to some Italian PoW’s in a camp next door to the base. The Commander asked her why and she said she hoped someone was doing it for Dad (she knew he was a PoW by then) and he just said “Never do it again, OUT” and she heard no more. Mum was about 10 years older than the majority of pilots and was more of a mother figure. I think she felt it greatly when many did not come back after sorties. The picture of a small wooden spitfire (attached) was carved for her by a pilot in 1945, possibly to commemorate VE day in May that year. It was always part of my upbringing and I have kept it. I also have her Autograph book with some signatures, poems, messages and even a cartoon! But it is not easy to read or copy. She did comment to me how she did not appreciate how hard it was for the civilians to live on their rations. Although supplies were limited in the services, they did not go badly short of anything. She realised after the war that, when she went home on leave to her parents (as Mum and Dads house had been requisitioned to house a bombed out family), she ate probably the whole families butter ration etc in those few days, as well as other things! Note:- Now this is where dates just do not match up as she was still in service when Dad arrived back in the UK as she was granted emergency leave to go home to him. That needs to be sorted. However that is not important here for you. Some stories. Dad did not hate the Japanese. In spite of everything he never condemned them. He did say that officers often treated their own soldiers nearly as badly as the prisoners. He spoke of a cultural difference where the Japanese could not accept surrender so the allies were ‘cowards’ for surrendering at Singapore. Indeed he said that when they were liberated his relief was tempered by the fact that the one Japanese officer, who had done his best to treat the prisoners well, had committed ‘Hara-kiri’ a form of ritual suicide (by the upper class Japanese). He was also sad when he went back to Burma in the 1980’s, the tourists split cleanly into Japanese and British and Commonwealth groups each side of the room and there was little sign of forgiveness. All the men suffered from ulcers, mainly on the legs. They would go to the fence round the camp and entice the local village dogs in to lick the ulcer with their rough tongues. This cleaned them and stopped infection. [page break] 4 of 10 However ‘Cleanliness’ could be fatal! There was a Dutch POW camp nearby which was wiped out in three weeks by dysentery. The men washed their tin plates in the river and it was contaminated water. The British wiped them ‘clean’ by eating every last thing and not washing them. A local Burmese man (village leader??) tried to help the prisoners, bringing such things as herbs, bits of food, anything which might be of use. Dad did know his name and his actions were part of a TV programmed [sic] at one time. But I cannot remember his name or any more. We forget that the Japanese treated the locals in just as bad way. The then Bishop of Singapore, Leonard Wilson, was captured and went at one point with the POW’s. Mum said that he had confirmed Dad whilst in the camp. I can remember him, as the now Bishop of Birmingham, always leading the Remembrance Service at the Albert Hall on the TV in the 60’s. I now realise why he took the service. For one Christmas, the cookhouse tried to produce something that roughly resembled a Christmas Pudding! Dad would not say what they put in it! idea good, execution not so good! The Japanese took anything of value from the POW’s and carried out regular searches. However Dad kept his wedding ring safe all those years. I will leave it to you to work out how! I fear other stories tell of the worst side of human nature. However looking back I think thinking of home and his family kept Dad going and helped him to survive after the war (research has since shown that married men were more likely to survive). After the war: When Mum and Dad were able to get back into their own house after the war, they found it very difficult as rationing was even more severe then than during the war. They were not part of that local community which helped each other and spread any surplices amongst themselves. For example, all Dad wanted was a bottle of beer and the shop said he could not have one. Then the boss said “Bring me a bottle, any bottle, empty, dirty and I can let you have a bottle of Beer” Indeed Mum sent Dad out to do the weekly shopping as he was so thin, with yellow skin and scars, that the shop keepers took pity on him. [page break] 5 of 10 I hope this gives you some more information. I regret that I know no more. It is now lost for ever. Annette [underlined] Photos [/underlined] First postcard sent by Ken Rhodes as a POW. [photograph of the front of a postcard] [inserted] Arrived [indecipherable words and date] [/inserted] [ink stamp] MRS. E.K. RHODES. 1, ABERDEEN ROAD, DOLLIS HILL, LONDON. N.W.10. ENGLAND. [photograph of the reverse of the postcard] [underlined] RHODES. E.K. 7642018 L/CPL. [/underlined] [indecipherable date] MY DARLING, I AM A PRISIONER [sic] OF WAR. AM FIT AND WELL. DON’T WORRY. HOPE YOU ARE ALL WELL. GIVE MY LOVE TO ALL AT HOME. TED CLIVE AND ALL ARE STILL WITH US. NO NEWS OF YOU SINCE LEAVING HOME. GIVE JAMES MY LOVE. AM BEING TREATED VERY WELL TONS OF LOVE TO ALL. LOVE KEN This was one of the first cards that came back about the PoW’s. It was delivered by several army officers and government officials who wanted to confirm that it was not a forgery. I don’t know if they went to Mum’s airfield or she went home but they wanted to know if there was anything in the message that might confirm it was genuine and from Dad. There is, the comment ‘Give James my love” proved it. James was the cat! The card was addressed to Grandpa Foreshaw’s house as this was Mum’s address at the time. Note that the details of the date had been partially erased. You may also note the comment about ‘being treated well’. [page break] 6 of 10 [photograph of a Souvenir Order of Service, headed “Your Finest Hour 1939 – 1945” by Winston Churchill] This is the front of an [sic] Souvenir order of Service called your ‘Farewell Service’. It contains words and and [sic] pictures of both Military and Political figures and a short service which I assume servicemen could attend. It was published two weeks after VJ day in August 1945. I know little about it and need to do more research. (Interestingly there is a copy on sale in the USA for 300 dollars!) [colour photograph of a wooden model of a Spitfire] This is the Spitfire that I spoke of earlier. Starting to show its age after 75 years. The inscription is on the base. Note Mum’s initials are where the identifying numbers would usually be. [page break] [colour photograph of the tail of the model Spitfire] [colour photograph of the base of the model Spitfire with the inscription “R BROADWEL 1945 MAY V. YEAR”] [page break] 8 of 10 This is a copy of the letter sent to all who were held as POW’s by the Japanese [colour photograph of a letter from King George] [Buckingham Palace crest] The Queen and I bid you a very warm welcome home. Through all the great trials and suffering which you have undergone at the hands of the Japanese, you and your comrades have been constantly in our thoughts. We know from the accounts we have already received how heavy those sufferings have been. We know also that these have been endured by you with the highest courage. We mourn with you the deaths of so many of your gallant comrades. With all our hearts, we hope that your return from captivity will bring you and your families a full measure of happiness, which you may long enjoy together. [signature of King George VI] September 1945. [inserted] Dec 1945 [/inserted] [page break] 9 of 10 In looking for the photos I have found one of Uncle Wally in uniform serving in the First WW. He was your Great Grandmothers brother in law, married to Alice. [black and white photograph of man in uniform sitting in a chair] [page break] 10 of 10 Here are the photos of my Mum and Dad in uniform at the start of the war. [black and white photograph of Ken Rhodes in uniform] [black and white photograph of Grace Rhodes in uniform] Compiled by Annette Payne (Ne. Rhodes), daughter of Grace and Ken. August 2016 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grace and Ken Rhodes - War History Description An account of the resource A description of their time during the war, provided by their daughter. Her father joined the Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers in September 1940. He was captured by the Japanese in Singapore, 1942. He was released on 12 September 1945 and came home on a hospital ship. Her mother enlisted in the RAF in October 1941 and became a driver. Included are some of her father's stories of his time as a prisoner. There is his first postcard home as a prisoner, a photo of 'Your Finest Hour', photos of the Spitfire model given to her mother, a copy of a letter sent to prisoners of war held by the Japanese, from the King, a photo of Uncle Wally in Army uniform and photos of her father and mother at the start of the war. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Annette Payne Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2016-08 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 10 typed sheets Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Text. Memoir Text. Personal research Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context BRhodesG-KPayneAv1 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Civilian British Army Royal Air Force Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Great Britain England--Croydon Singapore Burma England--Bath Malaysia England--Somerset England--Wiltshire Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Tricia Marshall Maureen Clarke George VI, King of Great Britain (1895-1952) ground personnel heirloom prisoner of war RAF Brize Norton RAF Colerne Spitfire Women’s Auxiliary Air Force https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/628/27761/PPollockHAJ16040008.jpg 6c65244c704c26aac4e0ac253cc58db2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pollock, Henry Henry Pollock H A J Pollock Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Pollock, HAJ Description An account of the resource 49 items. An oral history interview with Henry Albert James Pollock (b. 1924, 2220546, 187029 Royal Air Force) his log book, documents and photographs. Henry Pollock completed 36 operations as a rear gunner with 78 squadron from RAF Breighton. After the war, he served in the Far East. The collection has been donated to the IBCC Digital Archive by Henry Albert James Pollock and catalogued by Barry Hunter. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2016-10-11 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Henry Pollock at his Desk Description An account of the resource Henry sitting at his desk. Behind is a map with a route from Saigon to Kelantang and Singapore marked on. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource One b/w photograph Type The nature or genre of the resource Photograph Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context PPollockHAJ16040008 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Royal Air Force Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Malaysia Singapore Vietnam Vietnam--Ho Chi Minh City Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive aircrew https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/2924/55369/SMilsonGW937875v60017.pdf 72299830fa04994e9ef914240aad8258 https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/2924/55369/SMilsonGW937875v60018.pdf 3fe0f13e60e18db4a5714030390dec5a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Milson, George William Description An account of the resource 203 items. The collection concerns Flight Lieutenant George William Milson DFC (b. 1916, 937875 Royal Air Force) and contains correspondence, documents, and photographs]. He flew operations as a pilot with 18 and 84 Squadrons and became a prisoner of war of the Japanese. The collection was loaned to the IBCC Digital Archive for digitisation by Elizabeth Jane McElwee and catalogued by Barry Hunter. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2024-01-19 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Milson, GW Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource History of 84 Squadron from 3 January 1942 - 7 March 1942 Description An account of the resource A detailed history of 84 Squadron over a two month period. There is a second, different, history. Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Egypt Egypt--Heliopolis (Extinct city) Iraq Iraq--Baghdad Bahrain United Arab Emirates Pakistan Pakistan--Karachi India India--Mumbai India--Hyderabad India--Allahabad Burma Burma--Toungoo Burma--Rangoon Indonesia Indonesia--Sumatra Indonesia--Medan Indonesia--Palembang Indonesia--Batavia Malaysia--Kuantan (Pahang) Indonesia--Lahat Indonesia--Indramayu Indonesia--Bandoeng North Africa Malaysia Singapore India--Kolkata United Arab Emirates--Shāriqah Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Royal Air Force Royal Australian Air Force Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Text. Service material Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Eight and eleven printed sheets Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context SMilsonGW937875v60017, SMilsonGW937875v60018 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1942-01 1942-02 1942-03 Conforms To An established standard to which the described resource conforms. Pending text-based transcription Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive 211 Squadron 27 Squadron 84 Squadron aircrew Blenheim bombing control tower crash evacuation ground crew Hudson Hurricane killed in action observer pilot https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/2206/39289/PWainwrightJE22040011.1.jpg 9756a1f8f6cd09a17c188de057b68c32 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wainwright, John Edgar. Album 1 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2022-02-21 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Wainwright, JE Description An account of the resource 16 items. Photographs of his time in Singapore and the Far East after the war. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Hong Kong, Cairo, Malacca and Jahore Description An account of the resource Nine photographs from an album. #1 is the Kowloon Ferry terminal, Hong Kong. #2 is Mena Camp, Cairo with a pyramid behind. #3, 4 and 5 are roads and forests. #6 is a waitress with two plates of food. #7 is some children, sitting. #8 and 9 are street scenes. Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. China--Kowloon Egypt--Cairo Malaysia--Malacca (Malacca) Malaysia--Johor Egypt China Malaysia North Africa Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Civilian Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Photograph Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Nine b/w photographs on two album pages Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context PWainwrightJE22040011 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/193/30981/SYeomanHT104405v10018.1.jpg 269980df920ccfb4d15e2dafea34a576 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Yeoman, Harold Harold Yeoman Harold T Yeoman H T Yeoman Description An account of the resource 31 items. Collection concerns Harold Yeoman (b. 1921 1059846 and 104405 Royal Air Force). He flew operations as a pilot with 12 Squadron. Collection contains an oral history interview, a memoir, pilot's flying log book, 26 poems, a photograph and details of trail of Malayan collaborator. The collection has been donated to the IBCC Digital Archive by Christopher E. Potts and catalogued by Nigel Huckins. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2016-10-28 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Yeoman, HT Transcribed document A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Transcription Text transcribed from audio recording or document POEM (From Cambridge) I drift within A second heaven Where is no life No reason Time nor death Hung in this limbo Of choked reality Which clutches throat As motionless I swirl Dreaming with willows About my hair In a gleam and tint. I see the bubbles of The clouds as porcelain And watch the passing Of a Dresden swan The swimming trees In image-glass Are sibilant with whispers But Of another poet than I. For I have died A thousand years ago And soundless step Amid the walls And in the half-light Stand to see This other I The poet wraith On the pale threshold Of a second waking. Sungei Glugor 26 Dec 45 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource I drift within Description An account of the resource Three verse poem about death, despair. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1945-12-26 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1945-12-26 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource One page typewritten document Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Text. Poetry Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context SYeomanHT104405v10018 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Great Britain England--Cambridgeshire England--Cambridge Malaysia Malaysia--Kampong Sungai Gelugor (Pinang) Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource David Bloomfield Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/946/50240/BPonsfordPPonsfordPv1.2.pdf 9509b88d86192d5f63b0aa68f9c9cfad Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vipond, Richard R Vipond Description An account of the resource Six items. The collection concerns Richard Vipond (3040603, Royal Air Force) and consists of his log book, service documents and photographs. He flew operations as an air gunner with 514 Squadron from RAF Waterbeach. The collection has been loaned to the IBCC Digital Archive for digitisation by Pauline Ponsford and catalogued by Barry Hunter. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-04-23 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. Some items have not been published in order to protect the privacy of third parties, to comply with intellectual property regulations, or have been assessed as medium or low priority according to the IBCC Digital Archive collection policy and will therefore be published at a later stage. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal, https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/collection-policy. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Vipond, R Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource I was a 'Military Brat'! Memories of growing up as the daughter of a British serviceman. Description An account of the resource A memoir of an airman's daughter. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Pauline Ponsford, nee Vipond Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2024 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Singapore Malaysia Germany Germany--Kevelaer Region Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Civilian Royal Air Force Royal Air Force. Bomber Command Second generation Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Text. Memoir Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 18 printed sheets Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context BPonsfordPPonsfordPv1 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Conforms To An established standard to which the described resource conforms. Pending text-based transcription Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Maureen Clarke aircrew Lancaster memorial Navy, Army and Air Force Institute Operation Manna (29 Apr – 8 May 1945) pilot RAF Brize Norton RAF Henlow RAF Scampton RAF Sopley RAF Tangmere RAF Waddington RAF Waterbeach RAF West Drayton Sunderland Wellington wireless operator / air gunner https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/2206/39291/PWainwrightJE22040013.1.jpg 07707b0fba689c29a9e7299410c07e25 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wainwright, John Edgar. Album 1 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2022-02-21 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Wainwright, JE Description An account of the resource 16 items. Photographs of his time in Singapore and the Far East after the war. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource India and Malaysia Description An account of the resource Seven photographs from an album. #1 is a man with an orangutan. #2 is a riverside scene in the dark. #3 is the gopuram (entrance tower) of Sri Mariamman Temple, South Bridge Road, Singapore, captioned 'Indian Temple'. #4 and 6 are the Ayer Itam temple, Penang. #5 is a beach identified as Fat Auchry private beach. #7 the wind gods at the ‘Ayer Itam’ temple, captioned 'Buddha and son'. Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. India Malaysia Malaysia--Penang Island (Pulau Pinang) Singapore Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Civilian Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Photograph Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Seven b/w photographs on two album pages Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context PWainwrightJE22040013 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Mike Stilgoe https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/1687/52874/AMajorC[Date]-01.mp3 48261091daf42a1b5437ce4accfdae6d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Major, Colin C Major Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020-08-31 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Major, C Description An account of the resource 12 items. The collection concerns Colin Major (b. 1925 Royal Air Force) and contains a recording of a conversation between Colin and his son, and photographs. He flew operations as an air gunner in the Far East. The collection was loaned to the IBCC Digital Archive for digitisation by Stuart Major and catalogued by Barry Hunter. Transcribed audio recording A resource consisting primarily of recorded human voice. Transcription Text transcribed from audio recording or document Interviewer: Was that when you sold the plane? No. CM: More or less as I said. Interviewer: Allison can ask you the question. Other: You sold the plane in Malaya didn’t you? Do you record this? Interviewer: Yeah. CM: No. Where [pause] what was the name of the RAF station? Other: I know, it was on — CM: Penang. Other: Penang. Fort George or — [pause] It had a very imperial name didn’t it? CM: Penang. [recording paused] Other: I’ve been there. CM: Penang. Other: Yeah. Interviewer: Here’s your whisky. Other: But I had — CM: They were just on the island where I was. If I remember correctly there was only one town or something. I think it was called George Town. Other: George Town. That’s right. Not Fort George. George Town. You’re right. But how did you end up there? How did you miss the troop ship? Tell us that again. From starting off in Britain. CM: Well, here and the whole thing kicked off when we got overseas leave. So I went. I went on leave. I went home to Wigan and Ray Newbury, my good friend Ray he went home to Bristol and Geoff, I think it was Robinson, Geoff the third of that was — Other: The Three Musketeers. CM: He went to, was it Birmingham I think where he lived? So we all took this week’s holiday, or weeks — Other: Embarkation leave. CM: Thing. I think it was a week but halfway through, I know because I was visiting. Eileen and I were visiting our Douggie who was in the hospital at Hoylake. Other: On the Wirral. CM: On the Wirral. He was there still and we went over and you know spent an hour or so with him in this hospital. Anyway, it was while we were in the hospital that someone came along from the hospital and said, ‘Excuse me, are you —’ such a body. I said, ‘Yes.’ ‘Oh right.’ Now, I don’t know whether it was a telegram or phone message. I can’t remember but it was calling me back from leave. So my wife went home and then got in touch with the other two, you know and I said young [pause] oh I’ve forgotten his name. Ray. Raymond. Ray. Ray said, ‘I’ve only just arrived. I’ve only had one and a half days.’ You know. He lived in as I say — Other: Bristol. CM: So I said, ‘To hell. We’re due back.’ And I had to report to [pause] I think it was Heaton Moor. Other: In Stockport. Manchester. CM: Manchester. So we got our heads together and said, ‘Oh sod it. We’re not going back at that time. We’re going to have another damned good holiday.’ You know. A damned good week or something. So the three of us instead of packing our bags and going to Heaton Moor we didn’t pack or anything. Other: So, what year was this? ’44? CM: We spent the latter end of ’44, about ’45, the beginning of ’45, I think and we, and we and also we decided we would, wanted extra other than what it said on the telegram. So we did. And then by the time we went to the guardhouse, signed in there was, ‘Oh, we don’t know about this.’ Gave us a billet and we, the next morning on parade there’s only about a half a dozen. We said, ‘What’s going on?’ And they said, ‘Oh yeah. You’re the new intake. Right.’ And they were sending, we were booked. We were booked to go down to go to, well to go to somewhere up flaming Iceland or somewhere on the next day. And then we were dismissed. All day to yourself. The next morning we woke up, went on parade and there were, there was three of us left in this parade and someone said, ‘Who the hell are you three? Where have you come from and where are you supposed to be going?’ We said, ‘We don’t know.’ So I think what happened was we were there for another two days. We kept sneaking, I kept sneaking home. Other: You would be able to from Stockport. Yeah. CM: So that, and then they said, ‘Oh well. Well, you’re not in.’ There was a party or the whole left on such a date which was the date we should have arrived there and in the afternoon or late evening or early evening I should say. ‘Right. Get your pack up.’ And they sent us by, or it was [pause] Liverpool. Other: Troop ship. CM: And get a boat from Liverpool abroad to Egypt or somewhere like that. Other: But you are on a troop ship. They didn’t put you on a liner. You must have been — CM: No, it wasn’t a liner. Other: No. It would be a troop ship. Yeah. CM: But we never got on it. No one would take responsible for these three — Other: Rear gunners. CM: Gunners. So I don’t know where we went to. Near around Manchester and they wanted to get, Heaton Moor wanted to get rid of us. Our documents were all put up with the troops that we should have been with. So there we were. No records. No nothing. The ground crew knew nothing. Didn’t know anything until they eventually found out that our records were on a boat and it would take so many days to get there and all the rest of it. So they wanted rid of us so — Other: So you were heading for the Japanese war because the German, you bombed your way through the German war. CM: I don’t know, Allison. That was that the, was the war abroad you know. And so we were just everywhere we went to report, ‘Where’s your documents? Where’s —?’ ‘Haven’t got any.’ ‘Right. Oh dear. Wait a minute.’ And zoom zoom disappear. Come back. Took us to see an officer and that was it. They decided to fly us out. Well, with flying we were Singapore or somewhere like that. I can’t remember now where it was but that’s how we came to be stranded until somebody said, ‘Look, forget these buggers.’ Other: But you were in Egypt for a couple of weeks weren’t you? Or a week. CM: Hmmn? Other: You were in Egypt for a week. Did they fly you to Egypt? CM: They flew us. Oh no. Other: Yeah. CM: No. Wait a minute. We went to [pause] I don’t know. Singapore or somewhere and then they put us on a little boat. A flat-bottomed landing craft. So they shoved us on that for Penang. Other: Oh. CM: In Burma. Oh, we spent a nice two or three days. Other: A nice place. CM: Nobody bothered us. Mind you they didn’t know what the hell to do with us. So in the end Penang and George Town closed. The Army handed it, the flags, this, that and the other —back to the — Other: [unclear] CM: Back to the Army or something. I know but the three of us we were handing the flag over. Other: I wish they’d taken a photograph. CM: That was the job we got. Handed the thing over, the flags over and marched off and we went across the water to a place called, called [pause] Butterworth. Other: That’s right. On the border with Thailand. CM: And that’s where we were there but we did notice when we were moving, handing over that’s when this aeroplane was lying there. Other: So you sold it in Butterworth. CM: So we sold it in Butterworth and scooted off like hell you know. From Penang. From Georgetown to Butterworth. Other: Butterworth is on the Thai border. Interviewer: So how did you actually sell the plane? CM: Well, the natives — Other: The local Communist insurgents. CM: The natives who were there they’d buy anything or steal anything at all that they could get — Other: That the RAF hadn’t already wasted — CM: Their hands on. Do you know I can’t remember — Other: How much did you make? CM: I don’t know. It was one bloke who had been doing this before. Oh, he’d been on this selling all sorts of wires and various instruments and things like that out of planes. They used to do it at night and this bloke, oh he was the king of the castle. But that’s about it. Just little bits. Other: But you told me that you didn’t have your Air Force pay book so every time you turned up — CM: Oh. Other: And said you were three rear gunners they had to give you the money from the petty cash there. CM: That’s right. Other: And then when you got home you had all your Air Force pay. CM: That’s true. That is very true. That we didn’t have [pause] we were moving from one place to another and our records, our documents, our documents were still on the boat. Interviewer: So how did you get back from where was it? CM: Oh, get back from — Other: Butterworth. Interviewer: Butterworth. From Butterworth how did you get back home or where you were supposed to be? CM: Oh, Butterworth and then I went down to Singapore. Other: So that would be sort of mid-’45 after VE day but before VJ day. CM: That’s right. But I get all mixed up and then I suddenly think oh I remember such a thing. By the, by the time I’ve either made a note of it or go to tell someone I’ve forgot. Other: But I remember you telling me when we were doing some picking up some garden stuff in France I remember you saying that you did the victory harvest. CM: The what? Other: The victory harvest because the RAF didn’t want you to go and bomb Germans anymore after VE day so you had to go and work on the land didn’t you just before you were demobbed you said. CM: Oh aye. We went [pause] around about. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Other: To somewhere in Suffolk wasn’t it? CM: Yeah. Other: Or Norfolk. CM: We went in a lorry each morning and we were stooking. Is that the word? Other: Yeah. making haystacks. They don’t do that anymore. They just [unclear] CM: Well, we, oh God yeah. Our arms were bleeding like hell you know with picking them up and carrying them all to your [pause] mind you we got paid for it so — Other: And you knew no one was going to kill you doing it. CM: Aye. Other: But you were, you were going out with Auntie Eileen at that point. CM: Yeah. Other: Because you got engaged when you were, at the end of the war didn’t you? CM: Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Other: Because she said a beautiful thing to me once. She said that you’d offered to buy her a better engagement ring and she said she wouldn’t part with it for the world because you were on two bob a day or something when you bought it for her and it was very precious. I thought that was the most beautiful thing to say. She could have had a big spandy stone later on. CM: Yeah. Well, that was — Other: She didn’t want it. She wanted her real one. CM: It was an emerald. Interviewer: Yeah. Other: I don’t know. I can’t remember. CM: An emerald in the middle. Other: Yeah. CM: Diamonds around I think. But you’re quite right. She wouldn’t. Other: She wouldn’t let you buy a better one. CM: Part with it. Other: Because there was nothing better for her. No. I can a hundred percent understand that. A hundred percent. CM: Yeah. Other: I despise women who have big spandly things. CM: Well, later on I said, you know she has said, ‘No. I’m not swapping it.’ Or you know, don’t — Other: She told me that a couple of times. CM: Any others. Other: But do you know Uncle Colin one of the best days I’ve ever had was when you and I went up to the Air Force Museum and you showed me the Lancaster and that there was that lovely man with his son who was about fifteen and we walked around that Lancaster together. CM: That’s right. Other: And he shook you by the hand at the end. I’ll never forget what you said. You saw the Lancaster and you said, ‘Here she is. Here’s my lady.’ I’ll never ever forget that. And then they followed us around and you were talking it through and he said at the end that it had been, he said, ‘May I call you Colin? It’s such a privilege to have done this with you because if it wasn’t for you and other young men like you I wouldn’t be able to bring my boy around the Air Force Museum. And he’s not at all interested in history but he’ll remember every single thing you said to him today.’ And I just thought that was just so full of everything. CM: Really wonderful. Other: It was just so wonderful because you’d — Interviewer: That’s my phone, dad.’ CM: Oh, it’s not your — Interviewer: Sorry. Other: Can you switch the telly on with it? CM: Do I put it which way? Other: Send you a message to President Trump and we’ll all go up. Interviewer: I’ll take it. I’ll take it. Oh, dear. Is it still — CM: Oh aye. Interviewer: Oh, yes it is. Other: Great. Interviewer: Dad, when did you [pause], what happened? You had, was it malaria? CM: Oh. Interviewer: How did you manage to get that? CM: When I was down at Singapore. I — Other: It’s alright. I’ve got another one. CM: It wasn’t malaria. Other: Jaundice wasn’t it? Interviewer: Jaundice. Jaundice. Other: Jaundice. Yellow jaundice. CM: Jaundice. Jaundice I had in the old days with all the spots and sores. Other: Yeah. CM: On my back you know. Other: Right. CM: And all that scratch scratch. So on a bed and then a belt around you so you couldn’t move. Other: Oh lord. CM: And you couldn’t move your arms or anything. Oh, it was itching. It was killing killing killing. Yes. There was something else which I’ve forgotten now. [pause] Oh yeah. And then they used to [pause] a couple of belts around under your arms strapped. It was [pause] and you just laid there and oh did all sorts of things. Any movement at all. And then about twice a day or sometime I don’t know, forget about it used to go around and say, ‘Hey up, the bloody painters are in again.’ They used to come with a brush. Other: Oh, Gentian Violet? CM: What do you call it? Other: Is it Gentian Violet? The purple stuff to stop you scratching. CM: Yeah. Yeah. Other: [unclear] CM: I couldn’t tell you what you said what it was but it was a purple colour. Oh God above you know. Other: Was this in Singapore or was this in Manchester was it? CM: That was in Singapore. Other: Oh, right. Right. Interviewer: So you contracted that through a bite or something. CM: Like someone said, ‘Oh God, you’re getting better.’ ‘Yeah.’ ‘Oh God, don’t say you’ll disappear again with your records. I would start all over again searching for you. Well, we not searching for you.’ Interviewer: So, how did you finally get back home? CM: Oh, by liner. Interviewer: Oh. Other: Blimey. The war had ended then. CM: Yes. It had just ended. Other: Probably a P&O one. CM: It was the [pause] the Union Castle. Other: That was a South African line the Union Castle. CM: Well, the Union Castle was what I came home on from — Other: Oh right. CM: From Singapore. Other: Oh that’s [unclear] territory then. CM: Beautiful. Other: Yeah. They were lovely. When I was, when I was little Alf Simpson’s shadow before we came to Scotland when I was two like little boys used to be able to look at a car and tell you what it was — CM: Yeah. Other: Grandad would say, ‘Three funnels. What’s that?’ I’d say, ‘It’s the Union Castle.’ ‘What’s the big black one? It’s the Empress of Canada.’ I knew them all at the docks. CM: Yeah. Other: Union Castle was the South African line. West African to the Far East. CM: I don’t know how it is — Other: Well, you got a luxury boat then. CM: Oh, I did. Interviewer: How long did that take? CM: Oh, God knows now. Other: Five weeks probably. CM: Somewhere in that region. But it was lovely. Other: Did you, did you stop off in South Africa? CM: No. Other: Do you remember? CM: No. We didn’t stop off. We never got off the boat there. Other: Suez Canal. CM: What was it now? [pause] I forget it now. Other: Well, you had a lovely liner. The Union Castle. CM: Oh, it was. I mean they had taken all the best parts out — Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Title A name given to the resource Interview with Colin Major Description An account of the resource Recording of a conversation between Colin and Stuart [his son] relating to him missing his Squadron transfer to the Far East and his time Malaya. Colin Major describes extending his leave without permission and finding himself stranded with his friends. He eventually travels to Burma. While there he gets involved with selling an RAF aircraft. When posted to Singapore he contracted jaundice. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Stuart Major Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Sound Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 00:27:31 audio recording Conforms To An established standard to which the described resource conforms. Pending revision of OH transcription Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context AMajorC[Date]-01 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Burma Great Britain Singapore Malaysia--Pulau Pinang (State) Malaysia Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Royal Air Force Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Julie Williams air gunner aircrew https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/1083/11541/APriceSTG151001.2.mp3 1421d71d473b33c64ebc651fe2bbf2aa Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Price, Gwynne Samuel Thomas Gwynne Price S T G Price Price, Sam Description An account of the resource An oral history interview with Squadron Leader Gwynne Price AFM (b. 1925, 1819421 Royal Air Force). He flew operations as a flight engineer with 195 and 35 Squadrons. The collection was catalogued by IBCC Digital Archive staff. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015-10-01 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Price, STG Transcribed audio recording A resource consisting primarily of recorded human voice. Transcription Text transcribed from audio recording or document IL: Recording on the 1st of October 2015 at the home of Gwyn Price in Colerne in Wiltshire and Ian Locker conducting the interview. Right, Gwyn tell us a little bit about your early life and how you joined, how you became involved in Bomber Command. SGP: Yeah. I was born in 1925 so we’re talking about some seventy odd years ago when I did my first operation. So, although the mind is reasonably clear and I’ve had a look at things we really have to go back and give you the background. My rural background. Farming community. No — no electricity, no gas, no water, no sewage. Everything done on the range. But plenty of food and not an unhappy life. A very happy life in fact and I feel that with my later experiences that you make the most of what you’ve got and it was an ideal start because there was a determination to keep one foot going in front of the other if nothing more. I was always interested in flying and my main aim was to become a pilot in the Royal Air Force. I enjoyed the — IL: What sort of age was that Gwyn? Sorry. SGP: Well, when I was about fifteen — Grammar School ATC. I joined the Grammar School ATC and actually did all my proficiency exams. Did better at that than my academic subjects and became a flight sergeant which was a bit unusual to get that high. So I was then committed to join the Royal Air Force. And when I became seventeen and a quarter I, without anybody knowing I shot off to Birmingham for interviews and hoping to be a pilot. But the situation then was such, this is ’43, there were a lot of pilots being turned out and so I was offered a flight engineer. Which, in retrospect was a very good place to be because I eventually ended up on Lancasters and sat in the right hand seat and did a lot of flying and all the rest of it but — so there I was accepted as a flight engineer in 1943. Because of my age I was deferred until I was eighteen and a quarter which was the 7th of January 1944. And then my world, you have to — from a rural background, never really been out of the county very much, very quiet and laid back and shot into London for all my pre-RAF equipping and inoculations and films on sexual behaviour. People fainting all over the place [laughs] And some people fainting with the sign of a needle. And we suffered all through that and then went off to Newquay to start our initial training which was a three months course initiating us into the history and the aims of the Royal Air Force and the background. Plus all the navigation, engineering and all sundry things. Plus physical exercise. Lots of, beautiful down in Newquay. Very, got very fit. Sitting on the side of the cliff there breaking down Bren guns and things like that. And eventually came out. By this time I think we were beginning to feel a little bit like servicemen. And so then I went off to St Athan for my engineer training. Flight engineer training which was a six months course. And this was extremely complicated in you, you went from talking about engines from the autocycle right the way through to Rolls Royce, Merlin, V12s plus all the, the other equipment. Electrical engine, hydraulics. Oxygen. All the other systems in the aircraft and I eventually decided I wanted to be in a Lancaster because the Lancaster engineer sits by the side of the pilot and I felt then I would have a good chance to get some flying in. So, I passed out in October, practically on my birthday, nineteen year old birthday in 1944. And then shot off to do a little bit of Anson training. About ten hours. A little pilot training on the Anson before I then joined up and went to the Heavy Conversion Unit, Lancaster Heavy Conversion Unit to start my training as, on the job as it were, as a flight engineer. I then only did, let me, I should go back and say that passing from a cadet to a sergeant flight engineer my pay went up from three shillings a day to twelve shillings a day which was a ginormous jump. I’d always been a saving man and I sent a shilling a day, sorry. Yeah, a shilling a week home and saved that so I had a car at the end of the war. But there you go. So, we’re on our way. Flight engineer training. I did twenty four hours training as a flight engineer and then I was then considered fit to join a crew. And this was very, for a poor old engineer you had the boys coming in with their crews already formed, flying Wellingtons, pre-Lancasters, where seven crew were required. And the engineers sat like wall flowers on the side waiting for a crew to say, ‘He looks a decent sort of chap.’ ‘He looks like he might be sensible,’ or whatever. And I didn’t get picked for a while. I think I was probably too good looking actually [laughs] They didn’t want, they didn’t want any, they wanted a dour, down to earth engineer who would sort things out. Eventually this big Aussie, God he was big. Bob Newbiggin. Big Aussie. About six foot five and huge. He was the surf swimmer for Australia. He was in the “Guinness Book of Records” eight consecutive years. He was surf champion of Australia. A lovely chap. And he looked at me and the rear gunner was a bit older than the rest. A bit, he had a bit more savvy. He said, ‘Well I think he looks alright.’ [laughs] And I said, ‘Well, you look alright.’ So, so this Bob Newbiggin’s crew was formed. And then off we went and we did only thirty three hours training as a crew before we started our operations. We were declared fit for operational service which, when you think about it was not very much. After serving the Royal Air Force and flying about, nearly five thousand hours afterwards I realise how green we were at the time and, but how we managed despite that to cope with the difficult situations. IL: So, had Bob Newbiggin and the rest of the crew been flying together for a while or were they — ? SGP: They had, they’d only been on Wellingtons and formed a crew. They’d only probably done about fifty hours together. IL: Right. SGP: As a crew. So that formation but they had in fact had that advanced experience that I hadn’t had so I had to fit in with these other chaps you know. IL: Yeah. SGP: And I’d better say a little bit about myself. I used to read my bible every day which was a bit, the lads used to say, ‘Are you coming?’ I’d say, ‘No. I’ve got my scripture reading to do today.’ [laughs] And I didn’t drink very much at the time. I was a good boy. That changed a bit later on but, so anyway we all got on very well and then, in fact we were posted to 195 Squadron at Wratting Common in Suffolk. IL: Right. SGP: A beautiful area but of course we were at the — 1944, the winter was severe. We had snow on the ground and there was icing everywhere and it was really, really difficult. And we were living in Nissen huts. Metal huts. Yeah. You know N number, about twenty in a room. Two whacking great stoves burning coke and coal. Absolutely red hot. Talk about health and safety. It just hadn’t come in to being in 1944. They would have gone mad then. The thing would have never got off the ground. Anyway, we were comfortable enough in our way you know. And we were then waiting for our first operation. So, on the 14th of December we were and I’ll go through the operational briefing which was very important. So we’d all go down to the briefing room. Already equipped. And sometimes you’d be selected for a flight and sometimes you wouldn’t. And you would have the CO and all the navigation, signaller, engineer leaders, gunner leaders, all there briefing on any particular trip on any facets that might affect the individual crew members. And a big curtain. A curtain was drawn. Secrecy was tight until then. The curtain was drawn and then you were given a target for the night. Well, it was so vague actually I haven’t even got the name of the target. First target. But because we got half way across, got airborne, fully laden, half way across the North Sea and it was aborted so we had to drop our bombs in the sea and return saying, ‘Oh.’ Oh. Amazing that we were feeling miserable that we hadn’t gone and completed our first operation. Which gives you an idea of the calibre of the people and their attitude to the war. IL: Absolutely. SGP: We would, we then and now I have no regrets about what I did. And I think when you think about the way the Germans indiscriminately bombed our cities. You had your V bombs. You had your doodlebugs. There was no way that they could be targeted specifically at military targets. It was just pattern bombing. So we never felt any regret about this. Either then or now. And so we were a bit miserable on that occasion. A little bit post the briefing. You then, you had to go. The navigator would plot out his route. Because every, every aircraft was planned to operate individually which was very important. And then the signaller and myself and everybody else would be all briefed in the briefing room. And then the old truck used to come round, pick us up and drop us off at the dispersal point. And this particular one was a daylight flight and my role after all the crew went in the aircraft up the rickety old ladder that we had into the aircraft I would have to go around and check everything. Check all the things were tight. No, no cowlings aren’t loose or anything of that sort. No leaks. All the de-icing paste on the leading edge of the wings and the props was all done. So that we were all ready. And then I do say this and it’ll cause a laugh. You had, always had a last pee on the tail wheel before you went in, for good luck. So I did that and away we went. And then the crew did all the starting up procedures and everything else and pre-flight checks which were very thorough and then eventually taxi-ing out with all the other aircraft and you’d get your green light from the caravan at the end of the runway and away you’d go. And when you think about it we were probably laden with about two thousand seven hundred and fourteen gallons of fuel plus about twenty thousand pound of bombs, four thousand pound plus two fifties and that sort of thing. And so sometimes you were scratching a bit when you were getting off but then away you went and then you were individually working your way to the target. Now, in daylight it wasn’t too bad because you obviously could see people most of the time if the weather was fine and you could obviously avoid them. We did have a system to confuse the enemy radar where we’d drop what we called Window and they were long metal strips in packages. We’d throw, put them through the chute and they would spread all over the air below. IL: Yeah. SGP: And confuse the radar. But the only trouble with that is that in daylight you could see these piles in front of you and they would tend to get in the, in the oil cooling radiators and overheat the engines. So you’d do the up and down, up and down until the crew said, ‘No. No more.’ [laughs] you know, ‘No more. We can’t have any more of this.’ Anyway, that was a little bit of an aside. So, at night and I’ll go through at night because — IL: So, because, because presumably most of, most of your operations were night time because obviously Bomber Command was doing the night time. SGP: Exactly. IL: And the Americans were doing the daytime. SGP: Exactly. IL: Weren’t they? SGP: Yeah. IL: Yeah. SGP: We did a lot of daylight over France supporting the army on the second front and all that sort of thing. So we did quite a lot of daylight ones as well but the majority of them were night. IL: So were you fighter escorted during the daytime? SGP: No. IL: You were on your own. SGP: Only the, only the Americans had escorts. They had N number of guns, God knows how many fighter escorts and they carried very little, very little in the way of bomb load. IL: Yeah. SGP: But Flying Fortresses [laughs] IL: Yeah. SGP: There was a song about that but I won’t go into it. IL: Is it a rude one? [laughs] SGP: Carrying a teeny weeny bomb. Anyway, the night trips, you can imagine you would take off in a stream, one after the other and then you’d all be heading your own way. Planning your own trip. And so, what happened then if you were in heavy cloud, you’re getting iced up, ice was flying off the propellers on to the fuselage, cracking on the fuselage, and St Elmo’s Fire flashing around. All these sort of things were new to us and I was always concerned about temperatures of engines and things like that. But then you, the thing you have to remember is we didn’t have any naked lights in the aircraft. All the, all the instruments, flying instruments were just luminous dials and with the background a little bit of radium light. And they, I I used a little torch with a pinpoint light from it to do all my logs for the fuel consumptions and all the rest of it. And the navigator was in a blacked out little cabin there behind with his light on the desk. So there was absolutely no light in the aircraft. Absolutely black. So there was no light in the other aircraft either. So you wouldn’t see them. The only thing you would see are the exhaust flames and suddenly you would see exhaust flames and you wouldn’t be too far away then. And some of them were very close. And if they were navigating to get there on time some were probably a little bit ahead so it would be crossing the main stream to be back on time. This sort of thing. So, it was pretty hazardous and if the cloud, you were being iced up and the turbulence was bad and all that sort of thing it was pretty — that’s one of the biggest things was to look out. Just keep the eyes peeled. So, so that gives you a little bit of background of what it was like at night. And I might as well get on now to the difference because at night you’d be flying along in darkness and suddenly the target area would be as light as day. Lit up by fires, by all the flares put down by the Pathfinders and everything that was going on. And you could see all the other aircraft flying around, all the bombs coming down and you’d unfortunately see some aircraft being hit at the time and going down. That sort of thing. And all the stuff coming up as well. I shall never ever forget what it was like ever because it was so surreal. You, you’d go from total blackness into this light and you’d think everybody, you could see everybody you know and it was very unreal, but [pause] So we got our next flight. Let me have a [pause] was, was on the 24th . We did a flight to Bonn and this was heavily defended and we were well tasked, you know, to experience what I’ve just told you about. Both the night flying and the difficulties and also the light over the target area. IL: So, Bonn was your first night flight? SGP: Yes. Yeah. And I’ve gone over the [pause] we completed that trip without any trouble and then went on to — IL: You say it was heavily defended so, you know. Do you mean sort of flak, or —? SGP: Oh yes. IL: Fighters? Or — SGP: Oh yeah. Flak. I didn’t, we didn’t personally see any fighters. IL: Right. SGP: Except on one which I’ll tell you later. IL: Yeah. SGP: Because that was a bit close. But I suppose we had two major problems. One was a little bit later on over Kiel. No. Can I just have that for a minute — IL: Oh yes. Please do. Please do. SGP: Yeah. [pause] IL: Do you want me to pause for a second. SGP: Yeah. Pause. [recording paused] SGP: We completed five further operations in six days. And the last one to a place called Vohwinkel. And we were, came back to base. The cloud was thick down to base so we were diverted to East Moor in Yorkshire. And I just want you to picture N number of aircraft all being diverted to East Moor. All stacked at five hundred foot intervals up to over twenty thousand feet. All desperately trying to get in and land and the weather wasn’t very good there either. So, we found ourselves in these orbits. Carrying on orbit, orbit, orbit until you were gradually coming down five hundred feet at a time and eventually you were the one five hundred, just five hundred feet and you were then in to land. And they got us down very well. But I thought about it. We’re in this cloud, continuously in cloud all the time but just going on instruments flying around in the orbit and if anybody had had an altimeter wrong or something like that only five hundred foot is the difference between the heights. But anyway, we landed ok and the next thing wasn’t so good. East Moor had only been given a short notice of us arriving. So, we’d had quite a long trip of about six hours. A bit tired out and a bit wound up with the, being diverted and having the towering let down procedure thing. And we arrived in our little huts and all they’d done, God bless them was to put piles of blankets on each bed. With no heat or anything. So [laughs] so we had to make the most of it. And that was the calibre of people we had those days. I should really go back to the beginning because I missed it out at the start. We came from a generation where we had great respect for the history of the country and our, what we’d done throughout the world. And that was still there then in the 44’s. We were very much in respect of the monarchy and the parliamentary democracy that we had and to the extent that even if you were at home we used to stand up when the national anthem was played. So, coming from that background it was a place in history that we accepted and we took it on for the, for everybody really. Because it was in defence of our country which we loved, you know. So, going back that gives you a little bit of a feeling for how we felt at the time. But after the, after the Vohwinkel one we completed eleven operations and then we were selected for the Pathfinder force. Well, we all thought, we were asked if we would be happy to go and we said, Bob said, the pilot said he’d be happy so we all decided we’d be happy to go to the Pathfinders. And then [pause] the, we, we went on our first flight which was a trip to Duisburg. As a Pathfinder. Now, the Pathfinder situation was that you had to go down to about eight thousand. That sort of height. Master bombers sometimes went lower than that and he circled continuously so their problem, they had a bigger problem than us. But we would go down and at least circle the target twice at something like eight thousand feet. So, what you had was, you had things coming up and you also had rather lethal things coming down from all our, the main force going through in their hundreds, sort of thing. Dropping bombs. In fact, our last squadron we had one tail turret taken off by a four thousand pound bomb. Clean straight off but the aircraft got back to base but the poor old gunner didn’t, obviously. So, and we circled around a couple of times and buffeted around. Anyway, we got our flares away because you’d, what you did was you identified the target where the flares were and then re-centred them on the, on the coloured lights that were down on the ground. And we did that a couple of times and we tore off home. A little bit wondering whether we’d done the right thing by going on the Pathfinders side [laughs] IL: So how many, for a raid how many Pathfinders? Just the one or — SGP: Oh no. IL: For each squadron. SGP: No. You had quite a lot. IL: Right. SGP: You had a master bomber. IL: Yeah. SGP: Who would be there, technically going there and identifying the target and putting down the, the first indicators and then the main force would drop on those indicators. And then you had what they call visual centre’ers who’d come along and replenish the flares so that the rest of the force coming through would have a target to aim for. If it was, the weather was bad and you couldn’t identify the target you had a visual, a marker chap who would have his H2S equipment to identify it through the cloud and then put what they called Wanganui flares. And they would be suspended in the air and you would drop on those. IL: Right. SGP: Which was, subsequently these sort of things were done more by the Mosquito because they had Gee and the navigational equipment that was more accurate. And they would be up at, say twenty eight thousand feet. Above everything really. And they would drop their markers accurately on, it was worked out on Gee and they would drop their markers. And that was very accurate. They, they did a lot of that towards the end of the war. But, so, so we, we completed that and the next thing is after five more operations we were over Kiel and we dropped our bombs and immediately we were locked on by three, coned by three searchlights. And we were totally blinded. Couldn’t see a thing. Absolutely unbelievable. Well, Bob then, he went like a maniac and we, we went down and out and around and whoa, and we ended up, we got away from them and we ended up over Kiel harbour and it was amazing. It was almost like heavenly sent as it were in that we went from chaos in one minute, light and chaos and then immediately to peace and tranquillity. And we were only, we were down to five thousand feet by this time and we felt a bit vulnerable sitting there on our own, you know, with no — so I wasn’t too keen on saving any fuel that night so it was full bore and away. But we got away with it and that was up to Bob. He did, he did a marvellous job and I was standing up at the front looking to see what was going on. And that was, so that was that. That was probably our most frightening experience. And then, almost our last flight we were on, enroute to Bayreuth and we suddenly had a Junkers 88, head on, come over the top and nearly took our canopy off. It was so obvious it was a Junkers when it was overhead. And the noise and he was gone and what I said in my little book was we didn’t know whether he had run out of ammo, was short of fuel, was tired and realised the war was nearly over, and thought we’d give them a fright but we won’t damage our aircraft. So we got away with that. I mean he could have taken off our canopy off. IL: Yeah. SGP: Without any trouble at all, you know. And we were a bit apprehensive about that. Whether he was going to come back or not but he never did so we went ahead and completed the target. IL: Gosh. SGP: Then on the 24th of April the CO asked for volunteers for a flight engineer on a crew where they had lost their engineer. And it was to drop medical supplies to prisoners of war in a place called New Wittenberg. And I said I’d go. So the crew said, ‘Don’t go Gwyn. You know what happens when you have an odd bod in the aeroplane. Nine times out of ten you get clobbered.’ And anyway, I was a bit pig-headed I suppose and I said, ‘Ok I’ll go.’ We were in fact told, the war wasn’t over then, we were told that there was a, the Germans wouldn’t in fact attack us on the way. Well it turned out there was three aircraft involved and I was in one of them. And we went across Germany. Lovely night. Clear blue sky. Not blue skies, moonlit sky at about five thousand feet. Quietly going across, found the target, dropped all our supplies on the target and then came back without any problem at all. In fact, I did a lot of the flying that night actually but, which was a good experience. And then that was it really. That was my last trip of the war. And — IL: So you were still a flight engineer at that point? SGP: I was still a flight engineer. I was at, I became a [pause] I got accelerated promotion. In fact, I would have been, I was on the list for a commission and then the war ended and that was the end of that. But I was a warrant officer at the, at the end of the war. And so that was the end. I should like to say that I’ve always said that the lads who went ahead of us were flying in inferior aircraft. Not good navigational equipment. Not able to get the heights and that that we got and operated under extreme difficulties compared with us. We had a really good aeroplane. Good navigational equipments and carrying a good load of bomb. But the point I’m trying to make is that even on the last day of the war we lost a crew. And he was a very well decorated man. He was in headquarters and he came down to the squadron, booked himself out to do a trip and he picked up all his men. They were all in the eighty, ninety operations and he, they decided they would have this last op but they got shot down and all died. IL: Gosh. SGP: Right at the end of the war. And I mean, you know so there was no safe operations. IL: No. Absolutely. SGP: And so that was it. That was my, my sort of war if you like. And after that I’ll go into the post — IL: Oh no. I — SGP: War era. IL: Just, you’ve obviously you know, as a crew you became, I understand that, you know crews became very close. Tell me about the rest of the crew. SGP: Yeah. I think we were, we were all very quiet. Nothing — IL: Even the Australian? SGP: Yeah. Yeah. Bob. Yeah. Well you did have a little bit where you had Bob was an officer and we were other ranks. The navigator was an officer and the bomb aimer was an officer. And the rest of us were other ranks. So there wasn’t the same sort of get together. IL: Right. SGP: Although we did get together. We had fine times but we were all very quiet crew and we operated together as a crew very well. Really well. Without making a fuss about it, you know. IL: Yeah. SGP: Just getting on. Getting on with the job. And I think that’s the point I’d always make. People ask me were you ever frightened? And do you know I was only frightened if I had a fuel calculation wrong or the oxygen was queer or the hydraulics or something or this and that. You were so involved with the operation, your own operation that nothing else mattered really. You had to, I suppose that was the responsibility of both the crew and to the operation itself that you felt like that which seemed to put everything else to one side. I can’t say that ever, even when we were crashing all over the sky over Kiel with the searchlight on us I didn’t, I didn’t feel any fear then. I think, was it because we were too green to be, to have fear? Because everything was new and was to some degree was quite exciting actually. I don’t know. A lot of people go, go and say they were frightened actually but I will, I will say one thing. As a crew you have all you boys up the front and your two gunners down the back. One mid-upper gunner and one tail gunner. Now, we always felt sorry for the tail gunner. He was out on his own. His, he was away from the centre of gravity of the aeroplane and the centre of pressure and whatever. So everything we did with the aeroplane it would be accentuated back there. I don’t know how he managed to draw beads when you were doing a corkscrew on an aircraft coming in is anyone’s business. And what he did on the night that we were flying all over the sky trying to get out the searchlights I don’t know but he quite got on with it. But we always felt that the rear gunner was a bit special because, one he’d be stuck in the tiniest little cockpit. A little area. Doors behind him. And that was it. He was in there. And he’d have an electrically heated suit. Sometimes he was burning on one side and freezing on the other. Icicles. Condensation. Unbelievable. I mean we did a couple of eight hour trips to the eastern front and he’d be sitting there for, well it would be longer than the eight, the actual flight times were eight hours. By the time you got in and got all your checks done and everything else you were talking about another eight and a half hours or more. Which is a heck of a long time to be sitting in that, those conditions. And so we always felt a little bit sorry for him. By and large we were, we had a reasonably heated environment in the cockpit and from the ground up at night we were always on oxygen. Daylight we went on about ten thousand. But it was reasonably comfortable and we had a nice bottle with a chromium plate with a little lid on the top where we could have a pee if we wanted. And I’ll tell you a funny thing. IL: For eight hours you need it. SGP: I’ll tell you a funny thing. Bob, our skipper was desperate for a pee about halfway across one trip. So I said, ‘Ok Bob. I’ll hand you the bottle.’ And if you can imagine, apart from having long johns on, flying suits on, parachute harness on, seat harness on, trying to organise yourself to cope with that. And he tried desperately. In the end, as I said in my little book I think he must have tied it in a knot but he never said anything about it afterwards [laughs] So, no. We, we I think we were always good friends. And I mean I still call the, Frank, the signaller, but he’s not well at all now. He’s older. He’s about ninety three now. IL: Gosh. SGP: And he’s just been taken into hospital. He had a fall. And he’s the only one I know who’s alive. And I was looking at the goodwill tour which I’ll talk about later on because they were things that happened later on. I was looking in the book and there was a little note there from a P Farmer and she was the wife of our, our Farmer in the back cockpit. And she’d seen the name Jack Stratten, who was a Newfoundlander, bomb aimer, who flew with us. IL: Yeah. SGP: And she’d seen his name mentioned. She was writing to this chap to see if he was the chap who flew with Bob Newbiggin and Eddie Farmer the, her husband, who had unfortunately died. And she was trying to get, I only looked, I only found that last night and I’ve been trying to pick up the threads ever since and Frank’s the only one that I’ve been able to contact. So that’s sad you know. Because we did [pause] but I suppose in a way we took it in our stride. I I took the whole thing in my stride and I had a longer term ambition to stay in the Air Force. The rest, none of the rest of the crew stayed and they all went back to civilian life. So, I had plans to be a pilot and so my next, I’ll go through, have a little break. I’ll go through my next period of service. IL: Yeah. That would be — SGP: After we’ve had a little break. It’s getting a bit hot in here. IL: Yeah. It is actually. Might have to open the door for a second. Just, just suspending the recording. [recording paused] SGP: Rather than talk about military matters and flying and all the hazards associated with that you want to know a little bit about my personal background. And I’d like to put on tape my wife and I and our association for over sixty five years of married life recently. And it started off when she was evacuated from Liverpool to Herefordshire and was evacuated to my little village of Eardisland. It’s a lovely little chocolate box village of Eardisland. Very quiet. Nothing ever happens. And so she came down and then I eventually went off to start my service with the Air Force. And eight years later I was home on leave. I was actually taking part in the tug of war match for the local village and Muriel and her friend came down. And the, one of the neighbours who knew her said, ‘You know that’s Gwyn Price?’ She said, ‘Oh no. It can’t be him. He looks too young.’ [laughs] Which was always a problem I’ve had actually [laughs] And anyway what happened was we just chatted a little bit together and then there was an outing laid on by the village for a bus to go to a local village to a dance. And I didn’t know this but I turned up in my bow tie and everything else at the bus stop and immediately walked in behind Mu as I call her and sat down by her side. And from that moment on we never left each other, you know. The moment was done and the die was cast. And what I found out later was a friend of mine had actually bought the ticket to take Muriel. And I don’t know but I didn’t feel too bad about that actually [laughs] And after two years and I was on my way to, we courted for about two years and then I was on my way to Singapore and I said, ‘Well, we must get married.’ And the Air Force didn’t recognise you were married until you were twenty five. So, I actually bucked the rules and married just before I was twenty five. And so we were married and that’s the, that’s the start of our married life. And I’ll go to our association. From then on she became an Air Force wife. And we would never be anywhere without our wives because we spend so much time away from home. And I’ll go through all the times I’ve been away. And months on time. And they’re there running the home, looking after the kids, organising everything, looking after finances. Everything. And without a good wife it wouldn’t last which proved its point. So that’s my little bit of fill in. Social life in the middle of my Air Force history. Can I go on now to the — IL: Oh yes. Please do. SGP: The next point really is I’d completed twenty eight operations with, eleven with the main force and sixteen with the Pathfinders and then on the 24th of April, before the end of the war — no. Sorry. I beg your pardon. Not the 24th of April. On the 30th of April, before the war was peacefully declared we were geared to drop supplies to the Dutch people who had been starving under the Germans. They were really, they were eating rats and tulip bulbs and everything else and they were really, really in a bad way. Well, hundreds of RAF aircraft, Lancasters were filled up with food. Not any parachutes or anything like that. Just filled in the bomb bays filled with food. And we were, planned to do this and on the 30th of April we carried out an operation out at, in Holland. And I shall never forget this because we came in low from the sea at about a hundred feet and lo and behold there was a little hillock on the coastline and we couldn’t believe it. There were Dutch people there waving flags. Kids and everything else. Waving. And we could see the German soldiers standing there with their rifles down below. And you know, they obviously knew it was over then but we came in and dropped our supplies and then, that was known as Operation Manna. The Manna from Heaven. And ever since then there’s been this association with the Dutch people and the people who operated on Operation Manna and I’ve been there and feted by the Dutch people. I’m talking about fifty years later. And people, old people would come up, put their arms around you and cry. It was so dramatic that they were in desperate straits. The other important thing is and I think this is a reflection on our teaching in the schools. The youngsters were all taught this and were involved in carrying on this knowledge and this history, historical period. And I found that interesting because I find that even my own children are lacking in knowledge of World War Two and what was happening and who was doing what and where. And there’s a general feeling that the British Empire never did any good. And I really do feel strongly about that because I just ask one question. Can you name me one colonial power that was, one colonial nation that’s better off since the colonists went? Is this racist? IL: No. No. SGP: I don’t think it is because I’m, I’m rebutting what kids feel and what they generally feel today. What did we give to India? We gave the railways, we gave them a diplomatic service and we gave them the English language. Now, where would the Indian nation be without the English language? I don’t think they’d be as far ahead as they are. I know that they have got their social problems. They’ve got their peaks and lows in terms of riches and poorness but I do, I do have a bee in my bonnet about what we did. And I’ll say a bit more about that when we go to the Congo when I was with the United Nations in the Congo war. So we, we did our drop and Operation Manna was something that’s lived on in the memory of the Dutch people and it also was for us, was very emotional. We’d been dropping bombs on the Germans. Then suddenly we saw how the Dutch people ignored the sentries and were standing out there waving their flags and I thought, and the kids and everything. I thought it was very emotional for us. We felt really very emotional about it and very pleased to be able to help them. And talking about the food supplies because we were all free dropped on the ground. And they talk about the margarine and the sugar and all the rest of the stuff that came down. Scrape it off the grass or whatever. They were so appreciative and that’s stuck on. I mean, we’re talking now, they’re still, in fact doing it you see. Appreciating it and thanking us for it. But so that was Operation Manna and then we had all these hundreds of bombers. Lancaster bombers and we were totally employed then on bringing back our POWs from all over the place. From Belgium, Italy. We had Bari in the south. We had Naples. Pomigliano was the airport there at Naples. And we were in and out. Hundreds of aircraft on the undertaking and we could only carry twenty or so people and they were all sitting on the, on the metal floor in the cockpit. But I probably shouldn’t say this but we used to take Italian prisoners of war out and then bring our own boys back. And I won’t say what the treatment, how the treatment differed between the two because I’d probably be had up. IL: Oh you wouldn’t. So how did it? How did it differ? SGP: Well we gave our boys blankets and comforters and we also stayed at a reasonable height where they wouldn’t suffer from an oxygen lack or anything like that [laugh] We were naughty then but of course we were, we were getting over the war actually. It had been a trying period. And the other thing we did apart from all this, carrying all the troops around that was great because we felt we were humanly doing something very important. And we’d get our boys up in to the cockpit and if they were coming back and to see the white cliffs of Dover after four or five years of prisoner of war camp was too much. They all broke down without exception and it was very [pause] but they were so happy as well and had to work it out that way but so that was that and so, that was that. Then we amalgamated with 156 Squadron and primarily to represent Bomber Command in all the celebrations that one does after a war. The Victory Day fly past over London. The VJ day flypast. The Battle of Britain flypast. So we had twelve Lancaster aircraft in white and doing formation flying over these cities. And then we were, we were then ready to go to the good will tour of America. And so we took off from Graveley which was our base in Huntingdon, near Huntingdon and shot off via St Mawgan to the Azores, Newfoundland and then all around America. From right down from, from New York to Colorado to California to Texas. Washington. Giving exhibition. IL: So was this with the same crew? With the same crew that you’d had? SGP: We only had the amalgamation of the 156 and 35 didn’t come without its pain because obviously some people, they only wanted half of each squadron. IL: Yeah. SGP: And we lost everyone except myself and my rear gunner. And the navigator came with us as well. So there was three of us on our crew. And we had another pilot who, in fact was then a Flight Lieutenant Harris who was an ex-master bomber pilot. IL: Right. SGP: A very good pilot. And so we joined up with him and flew all around the States. And had a very good time. They feted us but I don’t know whether I should put this in but we found, this is talking about 1946 we are talking about how parochial they are. They read their local papers but their international knowledge and even knowledge of World War Two was unbelievably bleak and barren if you like and they were, you know, they were, amazed to see people, other people who had actually been involved in the war other than the Americans. And this was something that we weren’t very comfortable about because I mean we always get the state where the Americans win the war but they, they’re load of bombs dropped was much less than we dropped. And they also — are you were getting near to the end of your tape? IL: No. SGP: Ok. IL: I’m just checking. SGP: Yeah. We all get blamed for targets that shouldn’t have been bombed. You know what I’m talking about. IL: Absolutely. SGP: But the Americans also had a daylight bombing of that, of there as well. I can’t think of the name at the moment. I can’t remember. I’ve gone a bit queer. But so that was one thing about the American tour that I was a bit, we were a bit shaken by really because I mean we were so involved with the war the whole people, the whole nation had been subjected to all this bombing and everything else and the terror attacks and what have you. The Americans didn’t have any of that. IL: No. SGP: They didn’t have any of it. All they got was their films and their propaganda, you know. Then of course on the lease lend they made sure the British empire wouldn’t last forever. IL: Absolutely. SGP: And this went on but I mean that’s a side issue which maybe is my view rather than anything else so. IL: Just one, just on the war so how do you personally feel about this lack of recognition that you’ve had? Not you personally but, you know — SGP: No. No. IL: That Bomber Command has had. SGP: I should, I will stick my neck out and be quite positive about this in that we only have one man to blame for that and he’s the honoured man Winston Churchill. Winston gave Arthur Harris, Bomber Harris, our great bomber commander the authority to break the will of the German people and Arthur Harris went out and we helped to do that. At the end of the war Churchill didn’t want to know. It was bad publicity to have this hanging around his neck. So, Bomber Command and including Bomber Harris and our Pathfinder chief, none of them were awarded at all. They weren’t given proper recognition and we felt very bad about that because they were, they were good commanders and we thought the world of them. And I think politically it wasn’t, it wasn’t to his liking you know to pursue that glorification if you like, in brackets again, of the war effort by the, by ourselves. That I think has pursued us down the years until we had the Memorial in Green Park which is —have you been there? IL: I haven’t but I — SGP: It’s a marvellous Memorial. It’s late but it’ll stand the test of time. It’s wonderful. The architecture. The setting. Everything about it. And I went to a political party meeting recently and I suppose I told the MP there. I said, I had a little bit of a go at him on this because it was not only Winston Churchill but every other prime minister since then. They ignored it. And he said, ‘But we did give you money.’ I said, ‘But nothing like enough to cover the cost.’ It was all done by voluntary subscription. And so I don’t even pinch any glory from that side of it, you know. It’s a political argument. I think it was lost and I do feel strongly about that and I think all my friends do as well. IL: Absolutely. SGP: Who served at that time. But better late than never and another one is coming up in Lincoln. IL: Yes. Well tomorrow. SGP: Which will be good. Yeah. I was hoping to be there actually but you coming in the [laughs] No. It wasn’t that actually. It was a little bit longer. The journey was a problem in itself and it’s a day, it would have probably have taken two days or something. But I’m sorry I’ve not been there, you know. But so that’s what I felt about that. So then I left the squadron and I did a flight engineer’s instructors course. I did a little bit of flying as a screened engineer and then went on and flew about fifty hours on the Lincoln which is the bigger version of the Lancaster. And then the phone call came, ‘You’ve been selected to go for tests for a navigator or pilot.’ And so I went down there and went through about a week of pretty strict physical and mental tests. And then we were all brought out on the parade ground and we were also, I was hoping I wouldn’t be a navigator. I couldn’t stand that. Anyway, I was picked as a pilot. I was selected as a pilot so my day was made and my aim was achieved. I still had to qualify. Go through all the tests and pilot training etcetera but from that moment on I was happy and I started my pilot training and — IL: Did you, so did you train on the Lincoln? SGP: No. No. No. IL: Right. SGP: We started, oh gosh I started on the only aircraft I think that has ever been, that I would really call an aeroplane. That’s the Tiger Moth. Because it was such fun. And I mean we used to sit up there with our heads out in the winter with the scarves around and the goggles on hanging from your straps in the freezing air. Cutting your engine. Then doing vertical dives to start the engine again. All that sort of thing. It was a fun aeroplane. The only thing was it wasn’t like the Stampe aeroplane which is like a Tiger Moth which the French have. IL: Yes. SGP: And that had an automatic [pause] Oh God. [pause] Carburettor. Carburettor sorry, which would allow it to turn upside down and still fly. Keep the engine going where the Tiger Moth would cut out straight away. If you were upside down too long it would just cut out. But no that was a fun aeroplane. So we, we started on that and did quite a number of hours on the Tiger Moth and then we went on to the Harvard. And the Harvard was a wonderful aeroplane too. A wonderful trainee aeroplane and eventually with all the hard work we had nine months of solid training and then you’re going through everything from meteorology to navigation to everything, you know and plus all the tests and everything else. Plus all the flying. It’s quite a, quite a tough, a tough course. Anyway, I eventually passed out and they decided that I would be more a transport man. So I was, I started training on the Wellington which was the old wartime aeroplane with geodetic construction and all the rest of it. And I had a very interesting training on that because I think probably the only person who ever had two airspeed indicators fail. One at night and one in the day. So I had no airspeed at all. I was just flying along on the seat of my pants, you know. And they came up and said, ‘Do you want somebody to come and, come and side by you?’ I said, ‘No. No. I can feel the aeroplane. I can fly.’ Fly the inside. So I landed both happily. I got an above average assessment at the end of the course for that. So, after that I started on the Dakota which was going to be my operational aeroplane and that was a wonderful aeroplane and I eventually passed out on that and went off to Malaya. And of course there was a war on in Malaya. In the emergency, 1950 ‘53. And the, Singapore still hadn’t recovered fully from the Japanese invasion. Changi Jail. We were based at Changi Airfield which was near Changi Jail. And the place was pretty dire, you know. And we were supporting the army in the jungle of Malaya and flying a lot from Kuala Lumpur and Penang. And I mean, health and safety. Oh gosh. I can’t think about it now but we used to do all sorts of things. The army, because I know they’re cutting their way through the jungle and eventually getting tired and wanting to form a little camp with a dropping zone. DZ. IL: Yeah. SGP: And they would pick them in the most awful places. Sometimes at the end of a valley. We could hardly turn around. I mean we had a wing tip to get around. And I was on one trip and it was on the side of a hill. I was coming in from the valley side, concentrating on the DZ and at the last minute the trees were coming towards me on the top of the hill. So I had everything open, a little bit of flap and I just went over the top. That was the sort of situation we found. In fact, that situation was probably more dangerous than anything I’d ever had during the war. And the other stupid things we used to do we had a big base at Ipoh which is North Malaya. And we would fly from Kuala Lumpur. It was always cloud covered at Ipoh so you couldn’t get down in to drop your supplies for the troops on the ground for distribution. And so what we would do, believe it or not, we’d fly, and at north of Malaya there was a little valley opening and a railway line used to work its way through the mountain up to Ipoh. And we’d go up through there, windscreen wiper on, raining, coming down and you’d wind yourself up, hardly any room for the aircraft to go up and eventually come out at Ipoh at the end underneath the cloud. Drop your supply and then you climb out to sea and you’d be ok. But little things like that, that I mean it wouldn’t happen today I don’t think. Even on operational circumstances it wouldn’t be on. But we had lots of flying out there. We used to travel from Ceylon as it then was or Sri Lanka now. And I had a two months — married my wife in the August, she came out by troop ship on the, on the, in the January. Seasick all the way because we got these boats as reparation from the Germans. They were all designed for river boating [laughs] so they had very little keel on and the sick, unbelievable sickness. Anyway, she came out. She was sick all the way and within a week I was off to Ceylon for two months. That was the beginning of our Service married life. And this was life in the Service. So, I was on air sea rescue out there and then we would go out the other way through, right through Indo-China as it then was. Through Saigon, [unclear] up to Hong Kong. And Hong Kong then was a small [pause] Kai Tak, the airport, the RAF airport there was small. You may know it or not know it. IL: I do know it. SGP: And you had Lion Rock up here. IL: Yeah. SGP: And we’d come in over, along the valley on the south west side and over Kowloon and then you’d do a [pfhtt] straight down, chop everything and land and then the sea was at the other end. And then the Hong Kong Island on the other side. So that was interesting. So that, we were on San Miguels then. the San Mig which was very popular and very, very nice. So I experienced there — weather. I’ve taken off in pouring rain from Hong Kong island, from Kai Tak not from Hong Kong Island. IL: Yeah. SGP: From Kai Tak. Pouring rain. Could hardly see the end of the runway. Windshield wipers going like this. Targeting a non-directional beacon on the top of Hong Kong Island in cloud and just climbing like mad hoping that, the indicator going mad and you were trying to keep up and hoping that nothing failed otherwise you’d be straight in Hong Kong Harbour. And it was sort of things like that that made life interesting. So we would then go on to, up to Okinawa and then off to Iwakuni in Japan. And we were up there in the 50s which wasn’t that long after the Nagasaki and Hiroshima bombs. And we were landing at Iwakuni which was quite close to them. So we had a good sight of the devastation that was there. Of the land and the houses and everything else. So that was, made us aware of how powerful — ok Japan houses, Japanese houses were not that resistant to that sort of treatment but it was all vaporised really and it was very, made one aware. We had our group captain [pause] not Townsend [pause] Who was our man? Famous man. A hundred operations. IL: Not Leonard Cheshire. SGP: Cheshire. Yeah. Leonard Cheshire. Leonard Cheshire was on one of those flights. IL: Gosh. SGP: And they’d made him, he’d done over a hundred ops and got a VC. And he was then seriously worried by using that type of bomb. But there you go. It’s frightening. But so on one trip coming out of Okinawa I’d just got airborne and my port engine seized and it’s from sea to sea at either end. So I had to do, I did a quick dink around and came back in on a reciprocal. Landed. So that was one of the interesting things that we had. And the other route we used to go to the north would be through Labuan in Borneo and then up through Manila. And we were then on Valettas. I transferred to Valettas because the Dakota went out and I did about four hundred on Dakotas out there and about eight hundred then on Valettas. But the Valetta was a different animal. They had the Hercules engines, Bristol engine, and as soon as you get in very cold air the oil cooler would, all the oil would get thick and it wouldn’t run through the engine. So you had to do the opposite. You had to slow down, put revs up and fly at the slowest. And I was going up there just north of Borneo over the sea, engines coring. We call it coring. When you get overheating and you do the opposite to what you would normally do and eventually you get the temperature back down and away you go. So that was one little flying incident. So after that tour I was then made a command flight safety officer at Upavon. IL: Right. SGP: I was the trial and command flight safety officer. So I had two and a half years there which was good fun. And I went to [pause] where did I go after that? [pause] No, I’d bet, can I, can I rescind that? IL: Oh yes. SGP: Can I rescind that? IL: Yeah. SGP: Well can we — IL: Please do. SGP: Restart. I jumped ahead of myself on the last. On the command flight safety officer. My next, in fact, in September ’53 I was put forward for an instructor’s course at the Central Flying School at Little Rissington. And then passed through that course flying Harvards and Provosts and was then posted to Ternhill in Shropshire as a flying instructor on the Provost aircraft. I qualified on the Meteor jet and completed the instruction at Ternhill, posted to fly Hastings aircraft at Colerne. This required a lot of time away from home and one of the main trips and the most memorable trip that I did was to, in July of ’58 I flew out to Kiritimati Island. Or Atoll. In the middle of the Pacific. Commonly known as Christmas Island — for transport support for the hydrogen operation, Grapple Zulu which was carried out at the Atoll then from a Victor aircraft. I’d like, just like to say to get out to Christmas Island it took us ninety hours flying in the Hastings. Eighteen days. And so we then arrived from, finally from sort of Brisbane to Fiji to Kanton Island and then up to Christmas Island and then if you get the idea of the space from Fiji was about five hours flying. Six hours. Then up to Honolulu, Hawaii was another six hours. So it’s a long, you can imagine. It’s a little spot. Coral Atoll, in the middle of the ocean. Obviously an ideal place for an atomic explosion. Or a hydrogen explosion that was then. Anyway, on the day of the explosion we were all on the tarmac with our backs to the blast, in flying suits and covered up. And the aim was that it would be dropped from a Victor aircraft and exploded about ten thousand feet. And then when we did anticipate, because they had old buildings and that on the island to see the reaction of the, of different constructions to the atomic bomb. The experience then was something I’ll never forget. We were on the ground. Sitting on the ground with our back to the explosion and hands over the eyes, eyes tightly shut. And yet the light from the explosion was obvious to us even in that situation and then the blast of air coming through was tremendous. And the power happening about thirty miles away was unbelievable. And I’ll never forget it. And then of course when it was safe to do so we turned around and looked at the mushroom cloud which was going, going up at that time. You could see the immense power in the, in the cloud. And the thing which I think there was a bit of naivety about the effect of radiation. But we had two Canberra aircraft with sniffer things on the, on the wings and one of them was in the cloud for about fifteen minutes. Another one flew through it which was less time. And in reflection, on reflection I don’t know what happened to the pilot or what effect it had on him or the other pilot. But of course a lot of people have suffered and there’s been a big fight about the effect of, the effect on one’s skin and cancer from, from the explosion. I’ve only had about fifteen lumps taken off so far and only one was cancerous [laughs] but then that involved five years in Malaya, Christmas Island for months, Ceylon for months, Congo for months and so my, my skin’s been exposed to a lot of sunshine which is not a good thing now. I’ve even got problems coming up. I’ve just had a few taken off my face actually. IL: So, were you given, was there any radiation protection? Or was it just flying suits? SGP: Nothing at all. IL: Nothing. SGP: Nothing at all. I’ll tell you an interesting story and this is about a doctor. I, I knew this doctor because he was at Farnborough and they’re all a bit mental there anyway because that’s why they’re there. They’re prepared to try anything. I know, I know he had, one of his tests was air sickness. He wanted to test it out. So he would get his mate with a flying machine with an aerobatic ace and he’d have a couple of eggs and, just before the flight, and he’d sit there with his stopwatch and his bag seeing how long it would take him before he was sick. But that was one of his, that was one of his little things he used to get up to. And then they, they he managed to contrive to have a railway track and they had a thing on wheels that had a rocket behind it and these rockets were actually dud ones. And they didn’t know what they were going to do with them. Whether they would go off or fizzle or disintegrate or whatever. I mean it just shows the way they — to see the acceleration. The effect of acceleration on the human body. And that was one. Well, I think he topped it in Christmas Island because he had some special glasses with, that were flicking at a fraction of a second. Timed for when the bomb went off. Looking at it to see what effect it would have on his eyes. And I was standing by to fly him up to Hawaii to a medical, you know, to get treatment. But in the event it wasn’t too bad so obviously he wasn’t exposed for very long. But I mean, his name was Whiteside, a super chap and there were three things I could say. He wasn’t on his own. I mean he was just I think a bit mad actually but he was still prepared for the interest of science to sort of expose himself to such terrible risk. So that was it at Christmas island. We used to fly around there. The frigate bird was obviously getting, we were flying all over the place. We used to be clobbered on take-off. They were a bit of a pain really. And then we had crabs who used to come and, on the island to lay their eggs and things or whatever and thousands used to come and you’d just drive over them because they were just too many. They were everywhere. And it was a very small island, Atoll, you see. And anyway that was an experience that, you know stands out in the memory. And of course, going up to Honolulu. It was very nice up there. Waikiki beach was very nice [laughs] and the food was nice and we’d go around to all the pineapple places. So we used to have a break up there. But then we, I had about three months out there and then we were back and I had one more job which was of interest and I flew the body of the Columbian ambassador from England to New York. And I think it’s probably the worst flight I ever had in my life. I took off at Colerne here on the short runway which was very rarely used, in a blinding storm. Got to Northolt and let down there totally down on the ground, pouring with rain, landed and thought I was going to run off the end because I was aquaplaning down the runway. Stopped there. Took off the next day for Iceland. Reykjavik. And with the body on board of course by this time. He wasn’t worried. No, I shouldn’t say that. However, we landed in Iceland. The weather to Goose Bay in Greenland was diabolical so they said, ‘You can’t go yet.’ So we were in and out of the aeroplane. Eventually got off. Landed in Goose Bay. By the time we refuelled the oil had gone solid and we had to go into the, into the hangar to warm the lot up and eventually got the engines turned over and got airborne. And by this time there were people in New York waiting for us to be there, you see. Waiting for time scale with the reception party and everything else. And then lo and behold we had one hundred knot headwinds going down the east coast of, the west coast of Canada and America and arrived in New York at 2 o’clock in the morning. Terribly late and where the guard of honour took off the ambassador and then we managed to get some sleep after that. The next day we had an engine failure and couldn’t, had to have it fixed before we could turn back. And we had just the same sort of weather all the way back. It was one of those trips you remember very clearly. IL: Absolutely. SGP: So that was primarily one to think about. Then I did do an attachment to Accra in Ghana as OC Accra. We had one Hastings aircraft there supporting the Ghanaian troops under the United Nations banner. In the Congo. Operating in the Congo. And I went into what was then Leopoldville which is now Kinshasa and I was amazed. You know right in the middle of, I wouldn’t say the jungle that would be — IL: Yeah. SGP: Implying whatever, that Africa’s a jungle which it isn’t. But you go to Leopoldville, it was a city. A beautiful city. Wide boulevards with trees. Just like a continental city. And a lovely university on top of the hill. A small aircraft that did DDT spraying every day so it didn’t get any mosquitoes. Beautiful. And what happened was the Belgians said — at midnight tonight you can have the Congo. It’s all yours. IL: Yeah. SGP: And they moved out lock, stock and, well not lock stock and barrel. They moved out to a man at that time. Left all their houses. We saw villas. Beautiful villas. I mean ok you could make an argument about they were living well but villas with all the tables laid and everything else. They just walked out. And their big mistake was they’d not really promoted anybody above artisan class. So there was nobody really in that sort of echelon to take over power of the country. But then, as so often happens and it’s the one thing I feel about the colonial reign was that because we were able to organise and run a country with very different ethnic people involved we tended to put a ring around. We got it everywhere. You can talk where you like. You can go to Kenya, you can go in to Iraq or anywhere like that where colonials put a ring around. In the Congo you had the people up in Luluabourg in the north who were totally opposed the south. And as soon as the Belgians went they wanted to take over the north. And since then of course the country has really gone down. It’s the richest mineral wealth country in the world and yet it’s in a terrible state. Roads and everything else. There’s been so much corruption and money taken out. It’s, it really is very sad but I mean I experienced that as part of the United Nations and I think, well perhaps it wasn’t perfect for everybody in the Congo when the Belgians were there but at least there was the rule of law as it were. And I believe the people respected it, you know. I mean a lot of people in India didn’t want the Raj to go because the place was organised and run but, and the same happened in Kenya. I mean Mugabe, he drives me up the wall that fellow because there was so many, so many things that, they’ve killed more people than we ever killed there. Opposing tribal, tribal situation. Anyway, I don’t want to go, that was my one little trip to the Congo. And then I did a flight to Gibraltar and that was the end of my flying at Colerne and you know, down the road here, on the Hastings. And my next trip believe it or not was to Singapore again. I came home and said to my wife, ‘We’re going to Singapore,’ and she nearly had a fit. She said, ‘I’m not going back to Singapore.’ She didn’t like the heat. IL: No. SGP: And the humidity. Although we had some extremely good times there. Had lots of very good friends. The kids said, ‘Oh great. Going back to Singapore.’ Well, the one, the first child, Debbie was born in Singapore on the first tour. So anyway, we went back out as I went as OC, the transport operations in Seletar. And of course, the upshot of that was that I got myself involved with the Borneo campaign and I went out with the commander out there. And in fact, I was the assistant to General Walker who was the army commander. And we arrived, we’d had a [pause] not a Valetta [pause] oh the big plane. Oh God, my mind’s going. Anyway, we all arrived in Brunei. The first night our accommodation was on a boat on the side of the river there. In the harbour. Not very comfortable. But eventually we set ourselves up as a headquarters in Brunei. And for a habitation, I shouldn’t say this really, but we went into a girl’s private school. Into their accommodation. You won’t believe this. We got in. We found the beds were lice ridden. All around the beds, we all went around with all sorts of things like lighters and things like that to kill all these bugs off. We eventually got ourselves reasonably comfortable there but we did have one chap who came over to visit us and we kept one bed specially for people we didn’t like and then a good skinful of Tiger Beer. Not a very happy lad in the morning. Anyway, that’s by the by. Now, we eventually moved down to Sarawak. To Kuching. Sarawak. And I was OC of the transport so I was, I was tasking all the transport aircraft. There were Pioneers and Valettas and Beverleys. Beverleys the aircraft. It was the Beverley that flew into [Lap?] and took the airport to start off with. IL: Right. SGP: That was the beginning of the war and they just got in and the troops got out and sorted it out before anybody else could do any damage to the airport. But so I was tasking the aircraft, mainly twin and single Pioneers and helicopters. And I had an interesting request from an army commander. They used to go up and down the Rajang River with twin outboard motors belting out the longboats you know. Up there. And he got a chief up there that he was wanting to get onside. And so he asked for a helicopter to go out and take the chief for a ride. And I said negative. I’ve got too many operational tasks for that. So he came blazing back down as fast as he could on the Raja, on the River Rajang in this outboard motors and had a go with this commander. The commander said, ‘Not a chance mate. You’ve had it.’ So that was that but the other thing was you get involved with the natives, the local people when you go up and so we all went down to a longhouse up on the sticks with a big hole in the floor for any business that one wanted to do. And you’d sit all around talking to the people. And out would come, the rice wine would come around in the cup. Well I’m not ultra fussy but I’m a little bit fussy [laughs] You come and you see the flies floating on the top and the globules of rice. Things look horrible and you have to take a drink otherwise it’s very unpopular. It’s like eating the sheep’s eyeballs in Arabia or wherever which I couldn’t, I wouldn’t cope with that either [laughs] And but we, we had that was in the interesting aside. They were head-hunters. They were in their loincloths. Very, very good chaps actually. We had no trouble with them. And so that was technically the end of my, my time out in in the Far East on the second tour. Because then we came back home. Then I came back to be command flight safety officer at Upavon. And that was a very interesting time because one had to look at the safety operation of the aeroplanes. And the war was over. And there was a greater pressure, if you like on operating, operating aircraft within safety measures. I mean we’d operated out of Colerne, for instance for years. Fully laden and everything else. Never had a problem. Then they produced Operation Data Manual which required that if you had an engine failure on take-off you’d never be able to cope at Colerne. So they were, Hastings were banned from Colerne although we’d been operating for years just because this Operation Data Manual. And we had the Argosy aircraft come out and the power on that was terrible. When you put the Operation Data Manual you could hardly carry a mouse. And the Beverley wasn’t a lot better so that was one of the things I had to watch was the safety. And we produced a magazine every month which obviously was a bit of a pain because you could never get enough people to put in contributions, you know. So you were always having to scratch at the last minute to complete your [laughs] your book. So, so where are we gone now then? We’re up to — IL: You were in Upavon. SGP: We’re up at Upavon. After that I was selected to go to the Ministry of Technology to do a project manager for simulators. IL: Oh right. SGP: And I got in the back end of the Belfast liaising with the companies concerned. And also the VC10. And I had a complete management on the navigation and the signals simulator. And I was kept on, in fact for five years to finish that. And that turned out to be a very good training aid for the RAF and they were very pleased with it. So, so that was that really. And after that I, I decided I wasn’t sure about what I was going to do but I felt that the mahogany bomber wasn’t quite me and I did my last tour as a personnel officer at Andover with Transport Command and finished. Retired from the Air Force in [unclear ] after doing thirty one years in the Air Force. IL: Gosh. SGP: Which I think was, I enjoyed every minute because the big, apart from the operational flying side of it the sport side was attractive to me and I used to play rugger regularly and cricket. And we used to play badminton, squash and all the games, tennis but rugby was my game. I played on the Padang at Singapore. In the, in the heat but I went out as a young flank forward on the open side usually so I was tearing around a bit. And the Tiger beer didn’t do any good. I came back as a front row forward and they didn’t like that very much. IL: No. It’s — SGP: I remember playing the police force and I eventually got my arm was hanging like that. My one leg had gone and I thought, ‘I think you’re getting a bit old for this lad [laughs] IL: Absolutely. SGP: So we, we packed it up but, and also from the flying in the Lancaster which I didn’t mention, if you can imagine health and safety again I had a seat which dropped down from the side of the aircraft. It had to be moveable. The bomb aimer had to get through. Our escape hatch was just down below us. We had to dive down and a way to go. And so it had to be moveable so it used to fold up just a single seat. A little bit of foam on it and then you had a belt behind you. Yeah. You put a bar up. Put a bar up in front of you to put your feet on and that was your seat [laughs] And I never really thought much about it actually but if we came to a sudden stop I’d be probably, I’d be probably in the next parish [laughs] IL: Right. SGP: So there was no, there was no security there. But after that I had a lot of back trouble for a long time. and the RAF at that time had one cure for back trouble. That was lie on your back. PID I think it was called. Something about rest and something. IL: That’s the current, that’s the current feeling. That’s not the current feeling is to keep going but it was for a long time. SGP: Three weeks I was on this bed in Cosford in the RAF hospital there. Getting more and more uncomfortable. Not being able to do anything. You know. Back end wise as it were. And eventually they let me up to go to the toilet which was a great relief. But I came out a lot [pause] much worse than I went in, in fact. So uncomfortable and of course on nothing in the way of a mattress. It was just hard. And they wouldn’t let you turn over. You would lie on your back permanently for three weeks. That was hell. And I thought well I can continue, I had continuous manipulation on the back at Nocton Hall and places which used to be another hospital when I was up there. And eventually when I came down here to Colerne I went to Headley Court. Headley Court cured me because the first thing we did I was going there with the sciatic nerve trapped and dragging my leg along. The first thing you do, it was a lovely summer and you get down on, you’d be playing cards and you’d have a penalty — push-ups. So you’d be lying on your tummy on the floor. You’d either have to push up or lift your legs up and they continuously did that. Strengthening the back. Tuning up the back dorsal muscles. Whatever. And also heated pool. And we just had inner tubes. Quite a deep pool. You couldn’t stand up in it and you would have to hang from those. And you didn’t dare move. Just total relaxation. And that plus it’s a lovely place, Headley Court. I don’t know whether you know it. It used to be a house. IL: I do know it. My brother in law is a physio. Well, was a physio, in the army and he was head of rehab there for a while. SGP: Was he? Marvellous. Wonderful place. I saw people coming in who were smashed up. Really literally smashed up and they walked away. And it was continuous help and aid and wonderful. I’ve never had a problem with it since. You know, it did the job and manipulation didn’t. I’d have the manipulation, go home and I’d lean across and it would pop again. But, but having said that I now have mobility problems so, but the Service are looking after me well in that respect. IL: Good. SGP: Yes. It’s been a fascinating life and, and by and large the family have enjoyed it. It’s given us, I’m talking now about a country lad, farming stock. Rural background with they say two h’s Hertford and Hereford hardly anything ever happens. And Hereford is one of them. Hardly anything ever happens. So, it’s quite a remote place and I’ve moved on I suppose from that into where we are today and we’ve lived a very good life and a very comfortable life actually. And I, I thank the Air Force for that. The only regrets I have is as you say the boys who died, fifty five thousand of us didn’t get recognition earlier and I think that’s very sad. And it’s sad that it should be a political gesture that caused that to happen, you know. IL: Absolutely. SGP: Yeah. But so here we are. We’re back to square one and how do you think it’s gone? [recording paused] SGP: A little reflection. I really intended to start this talk on the basis that I didn’t ask to be a part of this reporting system. And I was asked to do it. And I didn’t consider my service, my number of operations, my general service as any more remarkable than anyone else’s and the fact I was doing a job that I enjoyed was, was fine and I, I wouldn’t like to think that I’ve been courting publicity in putting my history down on record [laughs] Ok. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with Gwynne Price Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ian Locker Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015-10-01 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Type The nature or genre of the resource Sound Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context APriceSTG151001 Conforms To An established standard to which the described resource conforms. Pending review Pending revision of OH transcription Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 01:38:25 audio recording Language A language of the resource eng Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Royal Air Force Royal Air Force. Bomber Command Description An account of the resource Gwynne Price was living a rural lifestyle until he volunteered for the RAF. His dream was to train as an RAF pilot but, since there was a surplus of pilots, he chose to train as a flight engineer instead. During operations, Gwyn experienced the surreal feeling of one moment being in pitch darkness and the next being in the bright light over the target. On one operation they were coned by searchlights but managed to get clear by the skill and quick reaction of the pilot. On another occasion, their aircraft had a near miss with a Ju 88. When Gwyn left the squadron he became an engineer instructor but later retrained as a pilot. He went on to fly in the Far East and the Congo, where he flew various aircraft including Hasting, Provost, Valetta, C-47 Meteor and Harvard. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Julie Williams Maureen Clarke Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Germany Great Britain Christmas Island Hawaii England--Cambridgeshire England--Surrey Hawaii--Honolulu Malaysia--Ipoh (Perak) Malaysia Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1943 1944 195 Squadron 35 Squadron aircrew bomb struck bombing C-47 crewing up faith flight engineer Gee Goodwill tour of the United States (1946) Ju 88 Lancaster Lincoln memorial military living conditions military service conditions Nissen hut Operation Dodge (1945) Operation Exodus (1945) Operation Manna (29 Apr – 8 May 1945) Pathfinders perception of bombing war RAF Colerne RAF Graveley RAF Wratting Common searchlight training Wellington Window