1 25 10 https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/1543/28505/MTansleyEH149542-161027-01.2.pdf 2a9403f9b44515fc302cb3426ee646da Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Tansley, Ernest Henry E H Tansley Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2016-09-22 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Tansley, EH Description An account of the resource 98 items. <br />The collection concerns Pilot Officer Ernest Henry Tansley (1914 - 1943, 149542 Royal Air Force). He flew operations as a pilot with 57 Squadron and was killed 2 December 1943. Collection consists of photographs, letters, memoires, biographies, accounts of operations, logbook extracts and official/personal documents.<br />The collection has been donated to the IBCC Digital Archive by Anne Doward and catalogued by Nigel Huckins. <br />Additional information on Ernest Tansley is available via the <a href="https://losses.internationalbcc.co.uk/loss/122894/">IBCC Losses Database.</a> Transcribed document A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Transcription Text transcribed from audio recording or document [underlined]COMBAT REPORT[/underlined] Lancaster x (EO. 655) of 57 Squadron over target on night 22/23rd September 1943 2142 hours at 18,000 feet. No moon, coned in about 25 searchlights over target, no other unusual phenomena. Monica gave warning of enemy aircraft just after bombs had been dropped and Lancaster was commencing to carry out banking search again. As enemy aircraft (identified as JU.88) came in to attack, searchlights went out. M.U. was first to see E/ A on port quarter up approximately 300 yards. M.U. and R.G. simultaneously opened fire (firing 200 rds.) and hits were observed. E/A returned fire causing damage to Lancaster. E/A dropped starboard wing and dived to starboard leaving a smoke trail behind. When E/A was directly below Lancaster, flame was seen to emerge from starboard engine, but it was impossible to observe if E/A crashed, as another E/A then came in to attack from starboard quarter up. E/A (also identified as JU.88) came into attack at 600 yards range and R.G. opened fire (firing 50 rounds), but hits were not observed. E/A did not return fire. R.G. ordered the pilot to turn to starboard and dive, E/A broke away to starboard and was not seen again. First E/A definitely claimed as destroyed. M.U. could not get his guns to bear on second E/A. Damage to Lancaster - Engine sub-frame Cat AC. R.G. Sgt. MOAD - No. 3 B & G. S. McDONALD, MANITOBA. 16 O.T.U. UPPER HEYFORD, 1661 CON. UNIT, WINTHORPE M.U. Sgt. LEWIS 24 CAO.s., MOFFIT, RHODESIA, 16 O.T.U. UPPER HEYFORD, 1661 CON. UNIT, WINTHORPE Signed [underlined]Gunnery Leader, No. 57 Squadron.[/underlined] Between them I have managed to build up the following picture of this much-loved young man:- PILOT OFFICER DOUGLAS PARK, 162548 (VR) NAVIGATOR Douglas was 20 years old and the fourth of six children born to Sarah Hay ton and Joseph Deakin Park, who lived in Hull, Yorkshire. Charles, Hester and Mabel came before Douglas who was born on the 26th of August 1923, and then followed Dennis and Betty. He attended Mersey Street School and, after gaining a Scholarship, went on to Riley High School. On leaving, he became an apprentice to Rose, Downs and Thompsons, where he stayed until January 1942 when, at the age of eighteen, he joined the Royal Air Force. After spending his first few weeks at No.1 Aircrew Reception Centre in St John's Wood, he then underwent his navigator's training in Paignton, Devon. In March 1943, now Sergeant 1435432 he would then have met up with the rest of the crew at the Operational Training Unit. Confirmation of his appointment to Pilot Officer was sent to his family after his death. The Park's were a lovely family who took young Mary Tock to their hearts and she always went to stay with them when Doug was on leave. By this time, they had moved a short distance out of town to Beverley, to try and avoid some of the bombing. Douglas was a good friend of the mid-upper gunner, Roy Lewis and was best man at his wedding in July 1943. As the navigator, it was Douglas's duty to keep the pilot informed of their position throughout the flight and to make sure the Lancaster was on course for the target. Once on the bombing run, it was then up to the bomb aimer to take over until the bombs were dropped. Douglas would then have to plot the course for home. not an easy task when you think of everything that would be going on around him. Douglas now rests 1n the Berlin War Cemetery. Plot 8 (F7). [page break] [underlined]WIRELESS OPERATOR[underlined The next person I struck lucky with was Ivor Groves, the young wireless operator. I had been told that the best way to trace relatives of the crew was to write letters to them all and send them to the Ministry of Defence, asking if they would forward them on to the last known addresses of the next-of-kin. As these addresses would probably be over 50 years old. it seemed unlikely that I would have any replies, I sent them off and once again waited patiently to see if there was any response. After about two months, all but one of my letters had been returned marked "not known", "incorrect address". etc. Several more weeks went by and then a letter arrived from Birmingham. There was still one family living in the old road who remembered the Groves' and, by a stroke of luck. my letter was brought to their notice. These kind people took it upon themselves to try to track down any remaining relatives and, by scouring the telephone directories, they found Dennis Groves. who is one of Ivor's brothers. I had my doubts about trying to trace relatives by letter, because it could obviously be very distressing to suddenly find a stranger enquiring about a lost member of your family. I realised that it was unlikely that a parent would still be living and I knew I had to rely on there being a brother or sister, or some other younger relative. I was fortunate with Dennis because he sent me a very friendly reply and he was and still is quite happy to write to me. Once again we exchanged photographs and he also sent me a copy of Ivor's log book and a video about East Kirkby airfield. It was from Ivor's log that I discovered they had shot down a JU8S on a raid to Hannover on the 22nd of September 1943. SERGEANT IVOR FRANCIS GROVES, 1576028 (VR), WIRELESS OPERATOR Ivor was 20 years old, born on the 7th of June 1923 and was the second of four sons born to Florence and Harry, who lived in Greet, near Birmingham. His father was an ex-regular soldier of the First World War, and all four sons joined the forces, two in the Army and two in the Royal Air Force. Ivor attended the Golden Hillock Road School. Sparkbrook. where he enjoyed playing football in the school 1st Eleven. He left there in 1937 and started work for the well known Cadbury Bros., in Bournville, where he also played football for the Bournville Youth Club. He was a member of both the ATC and Home Guard before joining the R.A.F. in 1941. [page break] He was a very brave and caring young lad and on one particularly bad night during a Blitz on Birmingham, he helped to dig out two men who were trapped under the rubble. A bomb had destroyed several of the neighbouring houses and all around there were fires that lit up the streets. Fortunately, most of the residents had taken shelter, but two men had been buried under the fallen buildings. One of these was Rolly, a well known local character who was a great favourite with the youngsters for his story-telling. Ivor, first on the scene, was quickly joined by his father and several other people, who managed to get the first man out. They were just about to start digging again for Rolly, when some of the German 'planes that had been shooting up barrage balloons, suddenly turned their guns on the streets. Everyone scattered except for Ivor, who could hear Rolly calling from under the rubble. He shouted out for the others to come back and help, but by the time they had returned and managed to reach the body, it was sadly too late. Needless to say, this upset young Ivor very much and shortly after this occurred, he applied to join the aircrew in the Royal Air Force. Although it had been something he had intended to do, his brothers are quite sure that this incident" speeded up his decision. After initial training at Blackpool, Ivor went on to Hereford and joined the No.S Entry Air Crew at No.4 Signals School. Here he took a refresher course spending from October to December 1942 flying in both the Dominie and the Proctor, before progressing to Course No.98 at No.S Air Gunnery School, Evanton for a month, from January to February 1943. Here, the aircraft was the Botha, and he finished the course with flying colours, passing out with excellent exam results. In the March, he met up with my father at the Operational Training Unit in Upper Heyford, and they stayed together from then on. As the wireless operator, Ivor would have been down in the fuselage of the Lancaster behind the pilot and flight engineer, and also the navigator. This meant he could see very little of what was going on around him, as he was mostly in the dark and had to rely on anything he could hear over the intercom from his fellow crew members. On the bombing-run. he would keep watch from the astrodome, but apart from that. he would be busy listening out for broadcasts from his radio set. He would be particularly pleased when he heard the welcome call-sign 'Silksheen', which would let him know they were nearly 'home' when returning, weary and shaken, after long, dangerous operations. As Ivor had also received training as an air gunner, he would have been expected to take over if one of the regular gunners was injured. Now at peace, Ivor rests in the Berlin War Cemetery, Plot 8 (Fl). [page break] REAR GUNNER I wasn't sure how to go about tracing Harold Moad, the rear gunner, as he was a Canadian. The only clue you have to the where-abouts of any crew member, is solely the information contained in the Commonwealth War Graves Commission records. From these, I knew his parents' names and their last known place of residence which was in Minnedosa. Canada. I put off trying to trace his relatives for a while, because I didn't think I would meet with much success, but when I was failing to find relatives in England for the other crew members, I thought I might as well give it a try. First of all. I wrote off to the National Archives of Canada. and after a wait of six months or so, received a reply saying they were unable to help me. Off went another letter, this time I simply addressed it to the Mayor of Minnedosa and within two to three weeks I received a reply - no not from the Mayor. but from a lady who is married to Harold’s brother Hubert. The mayor had passed my letter on to them and she had been kind enough to reply to me, after a couple of letters, I had a photograph of Harold and some information about the family. FLIGHT SERGEANT HAROLD ALEXANDER MOAD R134973, RCAF. REAR GUNNER Harold was aged 23 and was born in 1920 in Clanwilliam. Manitoba, a small town about nine and a half miles from Minnedosa. His parents, John and Ethel Moad were farmers and had nine children, four sons and five daughters. Another of the sons, Calvin. was also serving in England. in the Royal Air Force like his brother Harold. but he was shot down and taken a prisoner of war. He was held captive for three years before finally being released, and sadly died just two years after returning home. Harold enlisted in the Royal Canadian Air Force in 1941 and after initial training was sent to No.3 Bombing and Gunnery school at Macdonald in Manitoba in September 1942. He stayed there for almost three months learning about Morse-code. map-reading, aircraft recognition etc and. of course. target practice using rifles and Browning machine guns both on the ground and in the air. In December 1942 he graduated as an air gunner and then had a spell of embarkation leave before being sent to England in January 1943. After spending a few weeks at a Personnel Reception Centre in Bournemouth. he found himself at 16 OTU in Upper Heyford where he joined up with my father. He was a very important member of the crew because it would be his responsibility. when under attack, to relay to the pilot instructions [page break] for evading enemy fighters. Harold's position in the Lancaster as a rear gunner. which kept him apart from the rest of the crew, must have been the loneliest place in the aircraft. One of the many small lakes in the North of Manitoba has been named 'Moad Lake', in his memory. Harold now rests in the Berlin War Cemetery. Plot 8 (F6). [page break] BOMB AIMER Despite all my efforts to trace the relatives of the remainder of the crew, I had been unsuccessful. Letters to the MOD and the Commonwealth War Graves Commission had turned up no useful information, nor had notices in the Bomber Command Newsletters, 57 Squadron Newsletter, advertising on Channel 4 Teletext 'Service Pals' section, or in the RAFA or Air Crew Association magazines. I knew the names of Ernest Patrick's parents and also the area of London in which they had lived 50 years ago, so I thought I would try a letter in a local newspaper in case someone recognised the name. I wrote off to a publication in Enfield and, 10 and behold, a few weeks later I received a letter from Ernest's brother, Alan. It was a lucky find because it wasn't a newspaper that Alan himself bought, but his neighbour saw the letter asking for help in tracing relatives of the Patrick family and she popped next door and showed him. He was overjoyed that someone was trying to tra.ck down his family in order to pass on photographs of the graves in Berlin, as well as other relevant information, and in return I have learned a little about his older brother. PILOT OFFICER ERNEST HAROLD PATRICK, 162550 (VR), EOMB AIMER Ernest was 25 years old and was the eldest of two sons born to Juan and Mabel Patrick in Stamford Hill, N16, his birthday being on the 23rd of May 1918. He attended St John's School in North London, later followed by a Technical College, and ~'las a member of the local Scout Troop. He started working for his father in the engineering trade and later took up employment in a munitions factory in Gloucester, before volunteering for the RAF. Ernest was selected as air crew, and attended No.1. Air Crew Reception Centre in London, closely followed by 11 ITW in Scarborough. From there he went on to No.6 Elementary Flying Training School at Sywell, AC & W in Brighton, and then P & C at Padgate. After this, he was shipped out to South Africa, starting off at No.7S Air School in Littelton. By February 1942, Ernest was at No.47 Air School in Queenstown, undergoing training as a bomb aimer/navigator, flying in both Oxfords and Ansons. He was taken off his first course owing to appendicitis, but on the 4th of November 1942, successfully passed the No.23 Navigation Course. A few days were then spent at [page break] Air School in Port Alfred, before going to IFTC in Pollswoar and then shipping home to No.7 PRC In Harrogate, as Sergeant 1431075. Confirmation of Ernest's appointment to Pilot Officer came through after he was reported missing. March 1943, found Ernest at No.16 OTU in Upper Heyford, but before joining up with my father, he spent a few days of map-reading whilst flying in Ansons and then a couple of weeks high-level bombing. He also spent fourteen and a half hours Link-Trainer flying from the 5th of April to the 14th of May. Besides manning the front gun turret, Ernest was responsible for directing the pilot when they were on their bombing-run, to ensure that the aircraft was over the target before he released the bombs. You needed nerves of steel while this was going on because a straight and level run was needed to ensure accuracy, so 'corkscrewing' and other evasive action was out of the question. There was also the interminable wait over the target after the bombs were dropped whilst waiting for the photoflash to go off. which would record the outcome of the bombing. Ernest is laid to rest in the Berlin War Cemetery, Plot 8 (F8). [page break] MID-UPPER GUNNER I must admit to shedding a few tears when I first made contact with Moya, the young wife of Roy Lewis, the mid-upper gunner. There was no record of Ray's family or home town anywhere that I could find, but luckily Mary. the navigator's fiancée, remembered the name of Roy's wife and that they had been living in Sale. Once again, it was by placing a letter in a local newspaper of this last known town that I was able to trace her, but I found it most upsetting to learn that this young couple were only just starting out on their life together, when it was so abruptly destroyed, just four short months after their marriage. After several letters and phone calls, and by exchanging photographs, I can now tell you a little about this young man. PILOT OFFICER ROY ARTHUR LEWIS 161699 (VR) lHD-UPPER GUNNER Roy was born in January 1922 in Eastleigh, Hampshire, the only son of WaIter Benjamin and Elsie Lewis. He attended Peter Symonds School in Winchester until 1937, when his father moved north to become the manager for the Mode Wheel Workshop, for the Manchester Ship Canal. Here, Ray then went to the Chorlton Grammar School where he enjoyed playing rugby. On leaving school, he went to the Ship Canal as a garage mechanic apprentice. Moya first saw Roy when on a church parade with the Scouts. She was a 'Ranger' and Roy was a 'Rover', It was at this same church, St. Mary's, that they were to marry on the 31st of July 1943. Early in 1942, Ray enlisted in the Royal Air Force and after his preliminary training in the UK, he was then sent overseas to Bulawayo in Rhodesia where he underwent his gunnery training, returning home in April 1943. In the June, at 1661 Heavy Conversion Unit, Winthorpe, as Sergeant 1501109, Roy would have joined the other members of the crew and started flying in the four-engined 'heavies' for the first time. Roy's appointment to Pilot Officer was confirmed after his death. As in the case of the rear gunner, Roy would have had the difficult task of defending the Lancaster against attacks by German fighters when they were flying on operations. Roy is now at rest alongside his companions in the Berlin War Cemetery, Plot 8 (F4). [page break] FLIGHT ENGINEER Again, it was by advertising in a local newspaper that I made contact with a relative of Leonard Brown, the young flight engineer. Mrs Baker is still living in Bermondsey and saw my letter in the 'Southwark and Bermondsey News' asking for help in tracing the Brown family who were known to have been living there in the mid 1940's. She wrote to tell me that she was the niece of Auntie Nell and Uncle Charlie, thereby making her Lennie's cousin. At one time their maternal grandmother lived next door to her family in Bush Road. Mrs Baker didn't see a lot of Lennie during the war because she was in Scotland training to be a nurse, but she well remembers when he was killed because she lost her own youngest brother in the same month. He was serving in the Navy and was killed on the 21st of December at the age of 21. SERGEANT LEONARD CHARLES BROWN 1615648 (VR) FLIGHT ENGINEER Leonard was 20 years old and was the only son of William Charles and Ellen Brown who lived in Bermondsey, London. Unfortunately, this young man would not have been well known to the other members of the crew as this was his first operation with them, He would normally be seated next to the pilot in the cockpit, and would assist him, particularly at take-off and landing. Being the engineer, he would know the workings of the Lancaster probably better than any of the others and would keep a general eye on the various instruments and gauges to ensure that all was well with the aircraft. Leonard is now laid to rest in the Berlin War Cemetery Plot 8 (F3). I am afraid I was unable to obtain a photograph of Leonard. [page break] THE SECOND PILOT My final success was to find someone related to Jack Dalton, who was flying with the crew as a second pilot on the 2nd of December. I didn't think there would be any chance at all of discovering much about this young man because he had only been on the squadron for three days and this was his very first flight with the crew. None of them would have got to know him very well and there was no published record of any of his family or even what part of the country he came tram. None of my previous methods of advertising had brought forth any news about him and I couldn't place a letter in a newspaper without knowing a town in which the family had lived. I couldn't give up without a fight though, and after much perseverance, and finally a little gentle persuasion, I managed to discover his father's name and home town of 50 years ago. I immediately wrote off to the local newspaper, and within days I received a phone call from Mrs Whalley. She turned out to be Jack's cousin as her father and Jack's mother were brother and sister. PILOT OFFICER JACK PROCTER DALTON 161782 (VR) SECOND PILOT Jack was born on the 26th of February 1921 and he and his sister Jean, were the children of Arthur Rushton and Mabel who lived in Burnley, Lancashire. He attended a private school before going on to the local grammar school in Burnley and when he left, he went to work for his father who was a well-known local businessman and the owner of two Men's Outfitters. One of the shops was situated in Burnley and the other in Padiham, then in 1938 he expanded into the mail-order business as well, specialising in outsize clothing for men. Jack worked in the mail-order firm until he enlisted in 1941 and after successfully completing his pilot training, went on No.61 Course at 16 OTU, Upper Heyford as Sergeant Pilot 1088500. He then finished off at a Heavy Conversion Unit before being posted to 57 Squadron stationed at East Kirkby, on the 29th of November 1943. Whilst at Upper Heyford, Jack spent several hours flying with Roland Hammersley DFM, a wireless operator who also went on to fly with 57 Squadron. The news of Jack's appointment to Pilot Officer. was confirmed to his family after his death. This is another tragic story of a young pilot who never got to fly on an operation with his own crew, as was so often the case. An experienced 'safe crew', nearing the end of their own tour. would be asked to take a young 'second dickie' on a raid with them so that he could experience what it was like. but in too many instances these crews didn't make it back to Base. It must have been very difficult in the [page break] confined space of the cockpit to have an extra person there, and on the night Jack flew with my father, he already had a new flight engineer. Leonard Brown, who was on his first operation with them as well. Jack is laid to rest along with the other members of the crew in the Berlin War Cemetery, Plot 8 (F5). Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Combat report and biographies of Ernest Tansley's crew Description An account of the resource About Lancaster (ED655) of 57 Squadron over target 22/23 September 1943. Report on engagement on two enemy night fighters by mid-upper and rear gunners. First enemy aircraft claimed as destroyed. Damage to Lancaster engine sub-frame. Continues with efforts to trace families and biographies of all the rest of Ernest Tansley's crew including : Douglas Park (navigator), Ivor Groves (wireless operator), Harold Moad RCAF) (rear gunner), Ernest Patrick (bomb aimer), Roy Lewis (mid-upper gunner), Leonard Brown (flight engineer) and Jack Dalton (second pilot). Covers background, training character and where they were buried. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Twelve page printed document Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context MTansleyEH149542-161027-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Royal Air Force Royal Air Force. Bomber Command Royal Canadian Air Force Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1943-09-22 1943-09-23 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Great Britain England--Yorkshire England--Hull England--West Midlands England--Birmingham Canada Manitoba--Brandon Region England--London England--Hampshire England--Eastleigh England--London England--Lancashire England--Burnley England--Warwickshire Manitoba Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource David Bloomfield 16 OTU 1661 HCU 57 Squadron air gunner Air Gunnery School aircrew bomb aimer Bombing and Gunnery School Botha crewing up Dominie final resting place flight engineer Heavy Conversion Unit Ju 88 Lancaster navigator Operational Training Unit Proctor RAF Evanton RAF Padgate RAF Upper Heyford RAF Winthorpe training wireless operator https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/1543/28448/PTansleyEH16020023.1.jpg 0bb2ec7aa6682b18a7f34223823ae618 https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/1543/28448/PTansleyEH16020024.1.jpg 4434b36ed970cb24e9c78e298ed9ab34 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Tansley, Ernest Henry E H Tansley Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2016-09-22 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Tansley, EH Description An account of the resource 98 items. <br />The collection concerns Pilot Officer Ernest Henry Tansley (1914 - 1943, 149542 Royal Air Force). He flew operations as a pilot with 57 Squadron and was killed 2 December 1943. Collection consists of photographs, letters, memoires, biographies, accounts of operations, logbook extracts and official/personal documents.<br />The collection has been donated to the IBCC Digital Archive by Anne Doward and catalogued by Nigel Huckins. <br />Additional information on Ernest Tansley is available via the <a href="https://losses.internationalbcc.co.uk/loss/122894/">IBCC Losses Database.</a> Transcribed document A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Transcription Text transcribed from audio recording or document [photograph] [page break] LEFT DOUGLAS PARK. [circled] RIGHT ROY LEWIS [/circled] PILOT OFFICER ROY ARTHUR LEWIS 161699 – MID-UPPER GUNNER. THE ONLY SON OF WALTER BENJAMIN AND ELSIE LEWIS. BORN JANUARY 1922 IN EASTLEIGH, HAMPSHIRE. ROY MARRIED MOYA IN JULY 1943 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Two aircrew Description An account of the resource Full length portrait of two men wearing uniform tunic with half brevet and sergeants rank standing in a park. In the background a family on the right and trees, On the reverse 'Left Douglas Park, right Roy Lewis'. Note with further details of Roy Lewis. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource One b/w photograph Type The nature or genre of the resource Photograph Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context PTansleyEH16020023, PTansleyEH16020024 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Royal Air Force Royal Air Force. Bomber Command Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Great Britain England--Hampshire England--Eastleigh Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Language A language of the resource eng Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Peter Bradbury air gunner aircrew navigator Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. England--Eastleigh Description An account of the resource This page is an entry point for a place. Please use the links below to see all relevant documents available in the Archive. Title A name given to the resource Eastleigh [entry point] https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/1213/14963/EDonaldsonTDonaldsonDW450720-0001.2.jpg 1220d7af88f16cec3e61989439908f2d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Donaldson, David David Donaldson D Donaldson Description An account of the resource 309 Items and a sub-collection of 51 items. Concerns Royal Air Force career of Wing Commander David Donaldson DSO and bar, DFC. A pilot, he joined the Royal Air Force Reserve in 1934. Mobilized in 1939. he undertook tours on 149, 57 and 156 and 192 Squadrons. He was photographed by Cecil Beaton at RAF Mildenhall in 1941. Collection contains a large number of letters to and from family members, friends as well as Royal Air Force personnel. Also included are personal and service documents, and his logbooks. In addition, there are photographs of family, service personnel and aircraft. After the war he became a solicitor. The collection also contains an oral history interview with Frances Grundy, his daughter. The collection has been loaned to the IBCC Digital Archive for digitisation by Anna Frances Grundy and catalogued by Nigel Huckins. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015-06-02 2022-10-17 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Donaldson, D Grundy, AF Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Envelope addressed to David Donaldson Description An account of the resource Addressed to officers mess, RAF Foulsham postmarked 1945-07-20 from Eastleigh. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource T Donaldson Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1945-07-20 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Handwritten envelope Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text. Correspondence Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context EDonaldsonTDonaldsonDW450720-Env Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Royal Air Force Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Great Britain England--Norfolk England--Hampshire England--Eastleigh Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1945-07-20 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/1213/14910/EDonaldsonGNDonaldsonFI421105-0001.1.jpg 6333b375abd9474d5d927c31ca88bc39 https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/1213/14910/EDonaldsonGNDonaldsonFI421105-0002.1.jpg c70ee8e957a05f70c81e3357a1ffa7fe Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Donaldson, David David Donaldson D Donaldson Description An account of the resource 309 Items and a sub-collection of 51 items. Concerns Royal Air Force career of Wing Commander David Donaldson DSO and bar, DFC. A pilot, he joined the Royal Air Force Reserve in 1934. Mobilized in 1939. he undertook tours on 149, 57 and 156 and 192 Squadrons. He was photographed by Cecil Beaton at RAF Mildenhall in 1941. Collection contains a large number of letters to and from family members, friends as well as Royal Air Force personnel. Also included are personal and service documents, and his logbooks. In addition, there are photographs of family, service personnel and aircraft. After the war he became a solicitor. The collection also contains an oral history interview with Frances Grundy, his daughter. The collection has been loaned to the IBCC Digital Archive for digitisation by Anna Frances Grundy and catalogued by Nigel Huckins. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015-06-02 2022-10-17 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Donaldson, D Grundy, AF Transcribed document A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Transcription Text transcribed from audio recording or document 5/11/1942 Pte Donaldson, 63 Platoon, Y Coy, 5 P.T.C., Catterick Camp, Yorks. Dear Mama, Well, I've arrived. Masters told Hunt “10 to 7”, & anway [sic] the train didn't [underlined] leave [/underlined] Eastleigh till 7.22, so all was well. I had a seat to London, & a taxi at once; but King's Cross was packed out with rookies going everywhere (all the courses start together) the 9.50 was full up when I arrived, & the 10.0 was soon after, but I managed to find a nook in the corridor, and I reached here only an hour after I expected. And lo & behold, I'm in the same lines as I was in August, & a mere 200yds from the hut I was in then; so I know my way about, & a fair amount of the routine. They say [inserted down side of page] Don't spread this address round yet – I have not discovered my Army number. [/inserted] [page break] its a general place, but it seems pretty permeated with Signals; but I suppose that's natural being in the middle of a Signals battalion. We've had a meal, & made our beds – we've got spring (?) double-decker bedsteads (I got the top deck, thank heavens) and we're sleeping 32 (instead of 16) to a hut, so we shall not be lonely. I've already filled in two forms about the ration books, so you might buzz them along as soon as poss. My bed is next to the Corporal's, which, while it undoubtedly gives me the protection and comfort of his care, also gives me all the odd jobs – I had 3 in the first quarter of an hour. However he's a very pleasant fellow indeed. We are waiting to be officially received at the moment. Any news of Franc[underlined]i[/underlined]s? Love, [underlined] Norman [/underlined] [inserted down side of page] P.S. I'm christened “Norman Long”! [/inserted] [inserted] P.P.S. Gloves (& every darn thing – razor, blade, tooth- & hair-brush are issued; socks are [underlined]grey[/underlined]; handkerchiefs (khaki) wil probably be wanted. Don't send gthem till asked please [/inserted] Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Letter from Norman Donaldson to his mother Description An account of the resource Reports on train journey to Catterick from Eastleigh. Writes about first impressions of army camp. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Norman Donaldson Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1942-11-05 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Two page handwritten letter Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Text. Correspondence Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context EDonaldsonGNDonaldsonFI421105 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant British Army Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Great Britain England--Hampshire England--Eastleigh England--Yorkshire England--Catterick Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1942-11-05 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Frances Grundy https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/1213/14948/EDonaldsonJDonaldsonDWXX1123-0001.1.jpg 68936198db9d3939d2092a74556ab741 https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/1213/14948/EDonaldsonJDonaldsonDWXX1123-0002.1.jpg 902c298a4e46771aea4f929c03e3bc48 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Donaldson, David David Donaldson D Donaldson Description An account of the resource 309 Items and a sub-collection of 51 items. Concerns Royal Air Force career of Wing Commander David Donaldson DSO and bar, DFC. A pilot, he joined the Royal Air Force Reserve in 1934. Mobilized in 1939. he undertook tours on 149, 57 and 156 and 192 Squadrons. He was photographed by Cecil Beaton at RAF Mildenhall in 1941. Collection contains a large number of letters to and from family members, friends as well as Royal Air Force personnel. Also included are personal and service documents, and his logbooks. In addition, there are photographs of family, service personnel and aircraft. After the war he became a solicitor. The collection also contains an oral history interview with Frances Grundy, his daughter. The collection has been loaned to the IBCC Digital Archive for digitisation by Anna Frances Grundy and catalogued by Nigel Huckins. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015-06-02 2022-10-17 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Donaldson, D Grundy, AF Transcribed document A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Transcription Text transcribed from audio recording or document Brambridge House Eastleigh 23rd November Dear David. Your washing came this morning with the other things in it for which thank you very much they are all very nice indeed. I am so sorry you were feeling so miserable I hope you have recovered a little by now. Though I know when one gets very depressed it is difficult to arise from the mental slump into which one has sunk. [page break] I enjoyed my day at Elizabeths yesterday I called to see my Aunt Ethel first and then went on up to Elizabeth's. William was in fine form and there was a good party on there. Derek [character deleted] (I have forgotten his surname) was staying there and pa Moloney & Norah came over to tea. William was surrounded with beautiful home made presents. Pa Moloney goes to carving classes at Reading University & had made a wooden truck for William. It is hard to say which of them was most pleased with it. Brian had also made a wooden bus. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Part of letter to David Donaldson from his wife Description An account of the resource Commiserates over him feeling miserable. Catches up with family news and activities. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource J Donaldson Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Two page handwritten letter Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Text. Correspondence Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context EDonaldsonJDonaldsonDWXX1123-Part Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Civilian Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Great Britain England--Hampshire England--Eastleigh Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1944 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Frances Grundy Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1944 https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/559/42906/BBlacklockGBBlacklockGBv1.pdf 1141bb2ce07d176fdab70288e3d24b89 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Stephenson, Stuart Stuart Stephenson MBE S Stephenson Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Stephenson, S Description An account of the resource 84 items. An oral history interview with Stuart Stephenson MBE, Chairman of the Lincs-Lancaster Association, and issues of 5 Group News. The collection was catalogued by Barry Hunter. In accordance with the conditions stipulated by the donor, some items are available only at the International Bomber Command Centre / University of Lincoln. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Half a Life, Half Remembered An Autobiography by Group Captain GB Blacklock Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context BBlacklockGBBlacklockGBv1 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource GB Blacklock Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Germany Great Britain England--Skipton Scotland--Bedrule England--Northumberland England--Yorkshire England--London England--Appleby-in-Westmorland Egypt--Alexandria Egypt--Aboukir Bay England--Chester England--Newmarket (Suffolk) Great Britain Miscellaneous Island Dependencies--Guernsey France--Marseille Northern Ireland Scotland--Montrose Germany--Wilhelmshaven Germany--Hannover Germany--Bremen Germany--Kiel Germany--Helgoland Germany--Wangerooge Island Germany--Bremen Germany--Hamburg Germany--Borkum England--Wisbech England--Weybridge Norway--Bergen Norway--Stavanger Germany--Ruhr (Region) Netherlands--Rotterdam France--Givet Belgium France--Saint-Omer (Pas-de-Calais) France--Hazebrouck France--Dunkerque France--Socx Germany--Duisburg Germany--Karlsruhe France--Salon-de-Provence Italy--Genoa Germany--Essen Germany--Lünen Wales--Hawarden Germany--Baden-Baden England--Eastleigh Scotland--Stranraer England--Doncaster France--Brest Germany--Berlin Germany--Cologne Germany--Emden (Lower Saxony) Germany--Lingen (Lower Saxony) Germany--Düsseldorf Germany--Magdeburg France--La Pallice Germany--Karlsruhe France Europe--Frisian Islands Atlantic Ocean--English Channel Egypt North Africa Italy Conforms To An established standard to which the described resource conforms. Pending text-based transcription Description An account of the resource Group Captain Blacklock writes of his life, from his youth to the award of his DFC by the King. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Civilian Royal Air Force Royal Air Force. Bomber Command Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Text. Memoir Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 87 printed sheets Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Maureen Clarke 101 Squadron 115 Squadron 12 Squadron 142 Squadron 148 Squadron 149 Squadron 15 Squadron 2 Group 3 Group 311 Squadron 4 Group 5 Group 7 Squadron 9 Squadron 99 Squadron air gunner aircrew Anson anti-aircraft fire Blenheim bomb aimer bombing Boston Chamberlain, Neville (1869-1940) Churchill, Winston (1874-1965) Distinguished Flying Cross Distinguished Flying Medal entertainment fitter airframe flight engineer Flying Training School George VI, King of Great Britain (1895-1952) Gneisenau ground crew ground personnel Halifax Hampden hangar Harris, Arthur Travers (1892-1984) Harrow Hitler, Adolf (1889-1945) Hudson Hurricane incendiary device Lancaster love and romance Magister Manchester Me 109 Me 110 mess military living conditions military service conditions Morse-keyed wireless telegraphy Mosquito navigator Navy, Army and Air Force Institute observer Operational Training Unit Photographic Reconnaissance Unit pilot radar RAF Benson RAF Boscombe Down RAF Catterick RAF Cosford RAF Cranwell RAF Debden RAF Duxford RAF Finningley RAF Grantham RAF Halton RAF Hendon RAF Henlow RAF Honington RAF Leeming RAF Lossiemouth RAF Manston RAF Mildenhall RAF Netheravon RAF Newmarket RAF Oakington RAF Sealand RAF Silloth RAF South Cerney RAF St Eval RAF Stradishall RAF Tangmere RAF Upavon RAF Upper Heyford RAF Uxbridge RAF Waddington RAF Warmwell RAF Waterbeach RAF West Freugh RAF West Raynham RAF Wittering RAF Wyton Scharnhorst shot down Spitfire sport Stirling Tiger Moth training Wallis, Barnes Neville (1887-1979) Wellington Whitley wireless operator Women’s Auxiliary Air Force https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/1213/11929/[1]DAVID AND THE RAF2 [2].pdf 35b5401702ea96880cafe22e9866fad0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Donaldson, David David Donaldson D Donaldson Description An account of the resource 309 Items and a sub-collection of 51 items. Concerns Royal Air Force career of Wing Commander David Donaldson DSO and bar, DFC. A pilot, he joined the Royal Air Force Reserve in 1934. Mobilized in 1939. he undertook tours on 149, 57 and 156 and 192 Squadrons. He was photographed by Cecil Beaton at RAF Mildenhall in 1941. Collection contains a large number of letters to and from family members, friends as well as Royal Air Force personnel. Also included are personal and service documents, and his logbooks. In addition, there are photographs of family, service personnel and aircraft. After the war he became a solicitor. The collection also contains an oral history interview with Frances Grundy, his daughter. The collection has been loaned to the IBCC Digital Archive for digitisation by Anna Frances Grundy and catalogued by Nigel Huckins. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015-06-02 2022-10-17 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Donaldson, D Grundy, AF Transcribed document A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Transcription Text transcribed from audio recording or document DAVID AND THE RAF My brother David’s very distinguished wartime career with the RAF - two DSOs and a DFC, and promotion to Wing Commander at 28 - warrants a separate appendix to these family notes. He has kindly helped me to compile it by giving me the run of his log books, and I have supplemented them from a number of other sources. He became interested in flying in the early 1930s. I recall him taking his small brother of 9 or 10 to an air show at Eastleigh and abandoning him while he went up as passenger in a Tiger Moth doing aerobatics. That may well have given him the incentive to join the RAF Volunteer Reserve in 1934 as a weekend pilot. He did much of his training at Hamble, on the Solent. When war broke out in September 1939 he was called up immediately and had to abandon his legal training. He spent the “phoney war” towing target drogues at a bombing and gunnery school at Evanton in Scotland. His log books show him rated as an “average” pilot. At the end of April 1940, just before the Germans attacked in the West, he went to Brize Norton for intermediate training (earning an “above-average” rating) and then to Harwell for operational training on Wellingtons, the main twin-engined heavy bomber of the early war years. On 20th September, just as the Battle of Britain was ending, he was posted to his first operational squadron, No 149, part of No 3 Group, at the big pre-war air station at Mildenhall. His first operational sortie was over Calais towards the end of September, no doubt to attack the invasion barges. Over the following five months he took part in some 31 night raids. The German defence at this time was relatively feeble by comparison with what was to follow, and so the tour was correspondingly tolerable; however bitter experience had shown that day bombing was much too costly, and the night bombing techniques were very inaccurate. His first raid on Berlin, at the end of October, was particularly eventful; they got hopelessly lost on their return, came in over Bristol, and ended up over Clacton as dawn was breaking with very little fuel left. There both the Army and the Navy opened up on them, and even the Home Guard succeeded in putting a bullet through the wing. They eventually made a forced crash landing at St Osyth. The Home Guard commander, a retired general, entertained him generously and he finally got back to Mildenhall where his Group Captain forgave him for the damaged aircraft and advised him to go out and get drunk. He took the advice, and in the pub he met a WAAF whom he married eight months later (maybe that is why he remembers that particular day so well.) The gauntlet of Friendly Fire seems to have been a not uncommon hazard to be faced. On another occasion, when he had to make three circuits returning to Mildenhall, the airfield machine gunners opened fire on him from ground level; he thought they were higher up and judged his height accordingly, and narrowly missed the radio masts which were not, as he thought, below him. The longest raids on this tour were trips of over ten hours to Italy: to Venice, which they overflew at low level, and to the Fiat works at Turin. He described the latter raid, and the spectacular views of the Alps it afforded, in a BBC broadcast in December 1940. The commonest targets were the Ruhr and other German cities, and some raids were made at lower level on shipping in French ports. The raid which won him the DFC was on 22nd November, on Merignac aerodrome near Bordeaux, which “difficult target he attacked from a height of 1,500 feet and successfully bombed hangars, causing large fires and explosions. As a result of his efforts the task of following aircraft was made easier ......... He has at all times displayed conspicuous determination and devotion to duty.” It was at Mildenhall that he featured in a series of propaganda photos by Cecil Beaton, “A Day in the Life of a Bomber Pilot”; they were given a good deal of publicity and in fact David appears in one of them on the cover of the recently published video of the 1941 propaganda film “Target for Tonight”, also made with the help of 149 Squadron - though he did not take part in the film. Beaton describes the occasion at some length in his published diaries, though he has thoroughly scrambled the names and personalities, and he “demoted“ David from captain to co-pilot in his scenario. On completion of this tour, early in March 1941, David was detached on secondment to the Air Ministry to assist with buying aircraft in North America, and later to ferry aircraft within North America and across the Atlantic - he flew the Atlantic at least twice in Hudsons, taking 12 hours or more. The “chop rate” in Bomber Command increased substantially during the first half of 1941. [Footnote: The average sortie life of aircrew in the Command was never higher than 9.2 and at one time was as low as eight, and during the dark days of 1941-1943 the average survival chances of anyone starting a 30-sortie tour was consistently under 40% and sometimes under 30%. In one disastrous raid, on Nuremburg in March 1944, 795 planes set out, 94 were shot down and another 12 crashed in Britain. During the war as a whole, out of some 125,000 aircrew who served with Bomber Command, 55,500 died.] This coupled with increasing doubts about the value of the results obtained led to a serious decline in aircrew morale. During the summer of 1941 the Germans had considerable success with intruders - fighter aircraft attacking the bombers as they took off or landed at their own bases. At the end of September David returned to No 3 Group and joined No 57 Squadron at Feltwell, still with Wellingtons. His third raid, over Dusseldorf on October 13th, was particularly difficult; they were badly shot up and with their hydraulics out of action they crash landed at Marham on their return. After two more raids the strain finally proved too much and he was admitted to hospital just before Christmas 1941; for the next two months he was there or on sick leave. From then until mid-July he was Group Tactical Officer at HQ No 3 Group, and not directly involved in operations. In July 1942 he was posted to No 15 Operational Training Unit, at Harwell and Hampstead Norris, where he spent six months as a flight commander flying Ansons and Wellingtons, though he did participate in one raid on Dusseldorf while he was there. In spite of the appointment of Harris early in 1942 and the introduction of the Gee radio navigational aid, results were still considered disappointing, particularly over the Ruhr, and serious questions were raised about the future of Bomber Command. To improve matters, in August 1942 the elite Pathfinder Force was set up under Don Bennett, albeit in the face of considerable opposition from most of the group commanders who were reluctant to lose their best crews to it. At least initially, all the crews joining it had to be volunteers, and to be ready to undertake extended tours. Their task was to fly ahead of the Main Force in four waves: the Supporters, mainly less experienced crew carrying HE bombs, who were to saturate the defences and draw the flak; the Illuminators, who lit up the aiming point with flares; and the Primary Markers and Backers Up who marked the aiming point with indicators. Their methods became more and more refined as the war went on. The increased accuracy required of them, and their position at the head of the bomber stream, inevitably exposed them to greater danger and a higher casualty rate than those of the Main Force. No 156 Squadron was one of the original units in the Force; it operated from the wartime airfield of Warboys with Wellingtons until the end of 1942 and thereafter with 4-engined Lancasters, the very successful heavy bomber which was the mainstay of Bomber Command in the later years. The squadron flew a total of 4,584 sorties with the loss of 143 aircraft - a ratio of 3.12%. David joined it in January 1943, again as a flight commander. In the following four months he carried out a further 23 raids (all but one as a pathfinder) in Lancasters. The log books note occasional problems - “coned”, “shot up on way in”, “slight flak damage”, and so on. [Footnote: "Coned" = caught in a cone of converging searchlights, an experience which he says put him off hunting for life.] Much of the period became known as the Battle of the Ruhr, though other targets were also being attacked. He told me once that the raid he was really proud to have been on was the one where instead of marking the targeted town (I think Dortmund) they marked in error a nearby wood, which the main force behind them duly obliterated; only after the war did the Germans express their admiration for the British Intelligence which had identified the highly secret installation hidden in the wood......... One of the pages in his log book has a cutting from the Times inserted, evidently dated some years later, recalling how in April 1943 the spring came very early and the hedges were billowing with white hawthorn blossom. This puzzled me until I read in a book on 156 Squadron how that blossom had come to have the same significance for them as the Flanders poppies of the 1914-1918 war. David was promoted to Wing Commander half way through the tour (pathfinders rated one rank above the comparable level elsewhere), and awarded the DSO towards the end of it. The recommendation for this said that he had “at all times pressed home his attacks with the utmost determination and courage in the face of heavy ground defences and fighters. As a pilot he shows powers of leadership and airmanship which have set an outstanding example to the rest of the squadron” - and Bennett himself added, noting that David had just flown four operational sorties in the last five days, “he has provided an example of determination and devotion to duty which it would be difficult to equal.” On the end of this tour in June 1943, he was sent to command No 1667 Conversion Unit at Lindholme and later Faldingworth. In December 1943 he transferred to a staff appointment at the headquarters of the newly formed 100 (SD) Group at West Raynham and later Bylaugh Hall. At this stage in the war the methods of attack and defence were growing increasingly complex, and this group was formed as a Bomber Support Group, including nightfighters, deceptive measures, and radio countermeasures (RCM). In June 1944, just after D-Day, he was given command of No 192 (SD) Squadron based at Foulsham, another wartime airfield. This squadron had been formed in January 1943 as a specialist RCM unit, and it pioneered this type of operation in Bomber Command; it flew more sorties and suffered more losses (19 aircraft) than any other RCM squadron. While RCM and electronic intelligence were its primary purpose, its aircraft often carried bombs and dropped them on the Main Force targets. RCM took a number of forms - swamping enemy radar and jamming it with “window” tinfoil, looking for new radar types and gaps in its coverage, deceptive R/T transmissions to nightfighters, and so on - and one of the attractions of the work was the considerable measure of autonomy, and the freedom to plan their own operations. These extended to tasks such as searching for V2 launch sites (recorded as “whizzers” in David’s log book) and trying to identify the radio signals associated with them, and supporting the invasion of Walcheren in September. The squadron was equipped with Wellingtons (phased out at the end of 1944), Halifaxes and Mosquitoes, plus a detachment of USAAF Lightnings. This role was the climax of his career, and lasted until the end of the war and after. It involved him in 25 operational sorties, all in Halifax IIIs, the much improved version of this initially disappointing 4-engined heavy bomber. They carried special electronic equipment and an extra crew member known as the Special Operator. The record of these sorties in the log books, for the most part so formal and statistical up to this point, becomes a little more anecdotal: “rubber-necking on beach” (when he took two senior officers to see the breaching of the dykes at Walcheren), “Munster shambles”, “Lanc blew up and made small hole in aircraft [but only] 4 lost out of 1200!” The furthest east he went was to Gdynia in Poland; on returning from there he had the privilege of becoming the first heavy aircraft to land at Foulsham using the FIDO fog dispersal system. “Finger Finger Fido” was the cryptic comment in the log book. A number of these sorties were daytime; on one of them, on September 13th, he was chased home by two ME109s which made six attacks on him. One of them opened fire but thanks to violent evasive action his aircraft was undamaged: his own gunners never got a chance to fire. No doubt it was skill of this sort, as well as his survival record, which gave his crew great faith in David’s ability to get them home safely. An encounter on December 29th 1944, on a Window patrol over the Ruhr, was not quite so satisfying; they claimed to have damaged a Ju88 which subsequently proved to be an unhurt Mosquito X from Swannington - and the Mosquito had identified them as a Lancaster. The log entry concludes “Oh dear. FIDO landing, flew into ground. What a day.” He was awarded a bar to his DSO in July 1945. The recommendation, made in March, recorded that “since being posted to his present squadron he has carried out every one of his sorties in the same exemplary fashion and has set his crews an extremely high standard of devotion to duty and bravery. This standard has had a direct influence on the whole specialist work of the squadron. “He has been personally responsible for the planning of all the sorties carried out by his special duty unit and by his brilliant understanding and quick appreciation of the everchanging nature of the investigational role of his squadron, much of the success of the investigations performed by his aircraft can be attributed to him. He has shown himself to be fearless and cool in the face of danger, and towards the end of his tour made a point of putting himself on the most arduous and difficult operations. “Both on the ground and in the air he has been untiring and has not spared himself in his efforts to get his squadron up to the high standard which it has now reached.” The squadron was disbanded in September, by which time David had completed 501 hours of operations against the enemy in 86 sorties, the great majority of them as captain of his aircraft. He had no ambition to make a permanent career in the RAF; he has commented to Richard that this fact gave him a degree of independence in his dealing with his superiors that he thinks they appreciated and valued. He was demobilised in November and returned to his interrupted law studies. * * * * * * * * * * I showed these notes to David, who thought them well written but suggested that they gave a twisted view of the reality - a reaction that I can understand. Since then, however, I have managed to contact one man who flew with David: H B (Hank) Cooper DSO DFC, who first met David in 149 Squadron which he joined in January 1941 as a wireless operator / air gunner for his first tour, and later did two tours as a Special Operator in 192 Squadron, the second of them under David's command. On two occasions he flew as a member of David's crew. He has written of David that "he was always completely fearless and outstandingly brave and pressed home his attacks to the uttermost. As the Squadron's CO he generated loyalty and warmth, he was an outstanding model to follow. He spent much trouble and time encouraging his junior air crews as well as helping and seeing to the needs of the ground technicians who serviced the aircraft, generally in cold and difficult conditions. He was completely non-boastful, in fact he belittled his own actions (which were always of the highest order) when discussing air operations. [That rings very true!] He was an outstanding squadron commander in all respects, much liked and completely respected by all his air crews and ground crews." G N D March 2002 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource David and the RAF Description An account of the resource Account of Wing Commander David Donaldson's RAF career from his early interest in flying and joining the Royal Air Force volunteer reserve in 1934, through various postings and operations, to eventually commanding 192 (special duties) squadron. It includes detailed descriptions of all elements of operations and incidents. He was awarded two Distinguished Service Orders and a Distinguished Flying Cross. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource G N Donaldson Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2002-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Four page printed document Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Text. Memoir Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context BDonaldsonGNDonaldsonDWv1 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Royal Air Force Royal Air Force. Bomber Command Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Great Britain England--Hampshire England--Hamble-le-Rice England--Eastleigh England--Oxfordshire England--Norfolk Scotland--Ross and Cromarty Scotland--Evanton England--Suffolk England--Huntingdonshire England--Lincolnshire England--Bristol England--Essex England--Clacton-on-Sea Italy Italy--Venice Italy--Turin Germany Germany--Berlin Germany--Dortmund Netherlands Netherlands--Walcheren England--Berkshire France France--Bordeaux Region (Nouvelle-Aquitaine) Poland Poland--Gdynia Germany--Münster in Westfalen England--Yorkshire Germany--Ruhr (Region) England--Gloucestershire Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1934 1939 1940-04 1940-09-20 1940-10 1940-12 1941-10-22 1941 1941-04 1942 1942-07 1942-08 1943 1943-01 1943-04 1943-06 1944 1944-06 1944-09-13 1944-12-29 1945 1945-07 Conforms To An established standard to which the described resource conforms. Pending review Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Frances Grundy Maureen Clarke 100 Group 149 Squadron 15 OTU 156 Squadron 1667 HCU 192 Squadron 3 Group 57 Squadron aircrew Anson Bennett, Donald Clifford Tyndall (1910-1986) bombing crash Distinguished Flying Cross Distinguished Service Order FIDO forced landing Gee Halifax Halifax Mk 3 Heavy Conversion Unit Hudson Ju 88 Lancaster Me 109 Mosquito Operational Training Unit P-38 Pathfinders pilot propaganda RAF Brize Norton RAF Evanton RAF Faldingworth RAF Feltwell RAF Foulsham RAF Hampstead Norris RAF Harwell RAF Lindholme RAF Mildenhall RAF Warboys RAF West Raynham Ruhr Campaign (5 March – 10 July 1943) target indicator training Wellington Window https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/1213/12012/EDonaldsonFIDonaldsonDW430728-0001.2.jpg aef79d304ffd58150b5e741debbf3ef9 https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/1213/12012/EDonaldsonFIDonaldsonDW430728-0002.2.jpg 3ee7faf866b87b2c8dd61d578e112438 https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/1213/12012/EDonaldsonFIDonaldsonDW430728-0003.2.jpg a7bec1b21d144c0cc16c8cdf432d37ef https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/1213/12012/EDonaldsonFIDonaldsonDW430728-0004.2.jpg 1595302a14a53c0ce435bfb673f91a19 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Donaldson, David David Donaldson D Donaldson Description An account of the resource 309 Items and a sub-collection of 51 items. Concerns Royal Air Force career of Wing Commander David Donaldson DSO and bar, DFC. A pilot, he joined the Royal Air Force Reserve in 1934. Mobilized in 1939. he undertook tours on 149, 57 and 156 and 192 Squadrons. He was photographed by Cecil Beaton at RAF Mildenhall in 1941. Collection contains a large number of letters to and from family members, friends as well as Royal Air Force personnel. Also included are personal and service documents, and his logbooks. In addition, there are photographs of family, service personnel and aircraft. After the war he became a solicitor. The collection also contains an oral history interview with Frances Grundy, his daughter. The collection has been loaned to the IBCC Digital Archive for digitisation by Anna Frances Grundy and catalogued by Nigel Huckins. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015-06-02 2022-10-17 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Donaldson, D Grundy, AF Transcribed document A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Transcription Text transcribed from audio recording or document Sunday July 28th Brambridge Park Eastleigh Dearest David I went and saw Joyce and Frances on Wednesday last & enjoyed myself so much, Frances was so lovely & was so kind to me, sat on my lap and gurgled & poked fat fingers into my mouth. And with a rapt & inquisitive expression, I loved her & I don’t know when I’ve had such a pleasant day, & been so happy not since you were all here for your last leave I think – I enjoyed seeing my co-grandmother she’s always so nice and welcoming. I stayed at the flat for three nights came home on Tuesday after a very comfortable journey in the train and altogether [page break] was very much refreshed. Elizabeth rang up from Mattingley yesterday, Brian has got the job at Farnborough so now they are looking for some accomodation [sic] round that way, she expects to come into residence here in September. I enclose a letter from Norman & Ian, it will be nice to have Ian home for a week. Thorny and I are very well, we are enjoying having Emma wait upon us hand & foot and being proper ladies & gentleman for a space, & its [sic] so soothing to see the silver shine & the furniture polished, & I feel I was living in [page break] a pleasant dream. [deleted] Joyce [/deleted] I hope Joyce & Frances will manage to get up to you for a bit, I think it would be so good for you all, & I think Joyce is such a remarkably capable young woman that I’m sure she will manage everything allright. [sic] I see Mr Perkins, Wendy & [deleted] the [/deleted] her new baby yesterday, Wendy was in the throes of taking herself & baby off to two rooms at Odiham, feeling very nervous at the prospect. The baby is just half the size of Frances, very sweet & lively, very pretty, does not [page break] look such a capable woman as Frances. I don’t think there is any news of any sort from this end – don’t bother to answer, I get news of you when I telephone to Joyce. Very much love from us both Mummie Sunday July 18 P.S. I have not sent on Ians [sic] letter as I have mislaid it but there is nothing in it except to say that he is coming home for a week on July 25 he hopes. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Letter to David Donaldson from his mother Description An account of the resource Letter from his mother telling of her visit to see his wife and little daughter. It includes family news and the hope that Ian will be home soon. Catches up with acquaintance news. Additional information about this item was kindly provided by the donor. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource F Donaldson Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1943-07-28 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Four page handwritten letter Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Text. Correspondence Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context EDonaldsonFIDonaldsonDW430728 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Civilian Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Great Britain England--Hampshire England--Eastleigh Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1943-07-28 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/1213/12008/EDonaldsonFIDonaldsonDW421220-0001.1.jpg 7d96e61b0917407e1b95ee64369b2cf9 https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/1213/12008/EDonaldsonFIDonaldsonDW421220-0002.1.jpg f03d598a31e7c51031b21bf1dcc6a4d5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Donaldson, David David Donaldson D Donaldson Description An account of the resource 309 Items and a sub-collection of 51 items. Concerns Royal Air Force career of Wing Commander David Donaldson DSO and bar, DFC. A pilot, he joined the Royal Air Force Reserve in 1934. Mobilized in 1939. he undertook tours on 149, 57 and 156 and 192 Squadrons. He was photographed by Cecil Beaton at RAF Mildenhall in 1941. Collection contains a large number of letters to and from family members, friends as well as Royal Air Force personnel. Also included are personal and service documents, and his logbooks. In addition, there are photographs of family, service personnel and aircraft. After the war he became a solicitor. The collection also contains an oral history interview with Frances Grundy, his daughter. The collection has been loaned to the IBCC Digital Archive for digitisation by Anna Frances Grundy and catalogued by Nigel Huckins. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015-06-02 2022-10-17 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Donaldson, D Grundy, AF Transcribed document A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Transcription Text transcribed from audio recording or document Brambridge Park Nr Eastleigh [underlined] Dec 20 [/underlined] Dearest David Just a note to wish you a happy Xmas or perhaps its better expressed as sending you good wishes for Xmas - We are going over to Peartree on Xmas Eve & staying there until Boxing Day, Its lovely having Frances & Joyce there, Frances squeals of delight over nothing & everything would cheer anyone & we are much looking forward to going, & only hope we shall not make too much work for your wife – It was sad that all the charwomen fell ill, so far I have not been able to find anyone to help in the house, but I hope before long, ie after Xmas to find someone to give a hand, Joyce seems to be managing very well up to date, & she has made the dining room look charming - [page break] We have been fog bound for two days, dead still & a thick white curtain of mist most everywhere, nobody stirred last night, Papa stopped at Peartree & brought up his meal from Mrs Malone, he said it was a lovely meal, I don't know whether he really thought so or pretended to to save trouble – Its a very good thing he can put up at Peartree for the night. Very much love & all good wishes from Mummy Its lovely getting stockings & Xmas [character deleted] Tree Decorations out again, & I felt quite sentimental when 2 children came & sung carol at the door & we made them come in & sing to Frances in the hall. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Letter to David Donaldson from his mother Description An account of the resource Mother writes wishing him a 'good Xmas' . 's writing from Brambridge. David's mother, father, wife and daughter will go to Southampton for the Christmas break. It seems that David's father does occasionally stay in their Southampton home over night. Additional information about this item was kindly provided by the donor. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource F Donaldson Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1942-12-20 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Frances Grundy Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Two page handwritten letter Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Text. Correspondence Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context EDonaldsonFIDonaldsonDW421220 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Civilian Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Great Britain England--Hampshire England--Eastleigh Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1942-12-20 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive