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                  <text>This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. Some items have not been published in order to protect the privacy of third parties, to comply with intellectual property regulations, or have been assessed as medium or low priority according to the IBCC Digital Archive collection policy and will therefore be published at a later stage. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal, https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/collection-policy. </text>
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                  <text>18 items. The collection concerns the career of Flight Sergeant Stanley Archer. He originally trained as a fitter and served in Fighter Command before re-mustering as a flight engineer and flying operations with 97 Squadron from RAF Woodhall Spa. The collection includes a memoir, a joke medal, an engine test report, a diagram of constant speed units, three operation honours cards and 11 photographs.&#13;
&#13;
The collection has been loaned to the IBCC Digital Archive for digitisation by Rosemarie Da Costa and catalogued by Barry Hunter.</text>
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              <text>[inserted] F/LT STAN W. ARCHER DFM 97 &amp; 467 SQDNs [/inserted]&#13;
&#13;
My association with the Lancaster started in 1942. I was one of the first Flight Engineers to be trained specifically for operational duty on this new bomber which for a while after its introduction carried two pilots.&#13;
The training started with an Air Gunnery course, 6 weeks at Walney Island and the flying carried out on Defiants. We were posted from the Gunnery School to our bomber squadrons in my case 97 Sqdn at Woodall Spa. 10 of us. Ten more went to 106 Sqdn at Coningsby and the remaining 10 went to Waddington.&#13;
97 Sqdn with 44 Sqdn have just carried out the incredible daylight raid to Ausburg [sic], 6 aircraft from each [deleted] each [/deleted] Squadron. This raid was to bring Sqdn. Ldr. Nettleton the Victoria Cross. [deleted] and [/deleted] We were received with some incredibility and disbelief, but we were soon to go on to our Lancaster Training. This was 2 weeks at Avros [sic] at Chadderton, followed by 2 weeks at Woodford. As I recall, the Instructors went through the various systems of the aeroplane, but of course there was no flying training and no real Engineer training.&#13;
This month with Avro’s was followed&#13;
[page break]&#13;
by a month at [inserted] No 4 S of T.T. [/inserted] St. Athans [sic] where we were instructed by R.A.F Flight Engineers on the Halifax which had only one thing in common with the Lancaster. The Halifax 1 had Merlin Engines. The course was in my case rather a waste of time, as I had worked as a fitter on Merlin Engines fitted to the Hurricane &amp; Spitfires, and as all of the u/t Engineers were Fitter II E’s most of them knew the Merlin.&#13;
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                <text>Stanley Archer’s account of his training as one of the first flight engineers for Lancaster operations in 1942, having first attended an air gunnery course. He then transferred to 97 squadron at RAF Woodhall Spa. He tells about a daylight operation on Augsburg. Training continued for a month at Avro's at Chadderton then Woodford. This was ground based on Lancaster systems, there being no flying training. Then followed a month at RAF St Athan on Halifaxes. He had previously worked as a fitter on Hurricanes and Spitfires and he considered the course a waste of time.</text>
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                <text>This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal.</text>
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                  <text>57 items. The collection concerns Sergeant Donald Arthur Gray (b. 1922, 1006912 Royal Air Force) and contains his log book, documents, correspondence and photographs. He flew operations as a flight engineer with 460 Squadron.&#13;
&#13;
The collection has been loaned to the IBCC Digital Archive for digitisation by Catherine Burrows and catalogued by Barry Hunter.</text>
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              <text>The Diary of a Flight Engineer in the Second World War&#13;
&#13;
My name is Don Gray and at the outbreak of the Second World War I had just taken my School Certificate at the local Grammar School, Sir John Deane’s in Northwich, Cheshire. I had moved into the 6th Form to commence studying for my Higher School Certificate in 2 years’ time. I was mad on aeroplanes.&#13;
&#13;
I found the course irksome, particularly with all the exciting war news continually pouring out of our wireless. I decided to leave school, much to my parents’ disappointment, and take a correspondence course in Aeronautical Engineering with a view to making a career in the R.A.F. I do not think I chose the right approach as I badly wanted to fly and, after my 18th birthday in April 1940, I became more and more restless and lacking in concentration on my studies.&#13;
&#13;
In May 1940 I travelled to the R.A.F. Recruiting Centre at Padgate, Warrington and told them I would like to be a pilot. I passed all the medical checks but was then told that there were no vacancies for pilots but that I could be a Navigator, Bomb Aimer/Observer, Wireless Operator or Air Gunner.&#13;
&#13;
I told them it was Pilot or nothing so they suggested that I trained as a Flight Mechanic as it would be easier to remuster to Pilot later if I was already in the R.A.F. I foolishly agreed.&#13;
&#13;
I trained in Blackpool as a Flight Mechanic (airframes), did well on the course and passed out as a Leading Aircraftsman at the end of 1940. I served on various R.A.F. stations in the following 2 years, having repeated applications for remustering to aircrew turned down generally on the grounds that they could not waste the money they had spent on my training. So much for the advice I received when I joined up!&#13;
&#13;
During this rather unhappy period of my R.A.F career, I scrounged flying lessons from understanding pilots whenever I could and spent as much time as possible on the Link Trainer in the hopes that the experience might count in my favour in my endeavours to become aircrew. At the beginning of 1943, when stationed at Swinderby near Newark, which was equipped with the dreaded Manchester 2 engined forerunner of the Lancaster, I was called to the Station Commander’s Office.&#13;
&#13;
He thumbed through my many requests to become a pilot and asked if I had ever considered becoming a Flight engineer who, on 4 engined bombers, was the emergency pilot too. My experience over the last 2 years of servicing all types of aircraft would stand me in good stead (and also satisfy the R.A.F.’s conscience on wasting the cost of my training) and would be the quickest way of getting me airborne. I was pretty fed up with my ground job and, after a little thought, agreed to the remustering.&#13;
&#13;
I was posted to R.A.F. St Athan in South Wales, where Flight engineers were trained, in February 1943 and passed out as a qualified Flight engineer in November of that year.&#13;
&#13;
[page break]&#13;
&#13;
Flight Engineer Don Gray. DFM&#13;
&#13;
[symbol] Joined R.A.F. June 1940&#13;
[symbol] Trained in Blackpool, passed out as a L.A.C. (Leading Aircraftsman) December 1940&#13;
[symbol] Seconded to A.V. Roe 1941/42 at Chadderton, Manchester assembling Lancasters&#13;
[symbol] Flight engineers Course, St Athan, S. Wales February 1943 to November 1943&#13;
[symbol] Crewed up January 1944. Trained on Halifax’s at Blyton, Lincolnshire February 1944&#13;
[symbol] Converted to Lancaster at Hemswell 15th March to 8th April 1944&#13;
[symbol] First op. 9th April 1944&#13;
[symbol] Wounded on 6th op. 27th April 1944, re-joining crew on 15th June 1944. Flew with them until they finished on 4th August 1944.&#13;
[symbol] Completed my tour of 32 ops. with various Pilots on 27th September 1944&#13;
[symbol] Orderly Room Flight Sergeant at Hemswell until 22nd April 1945&#13;
[symbol] Glider Pick Unit, Ibsley 25th April 1945 to 1st May 1945. Qualified as pick-up winch Operator&#13;
[symbol] Flew out to Karachi 23rd May 1945&#13;
[symbol] To Calcutta 12th June 1945&#13;
[symbol] Akyab, Burma (our base) 30th June 1945&#13;
[symbol] Flew until 3rd October 1945&#13;
[symbol] Then ground jobs Rangoon and Seletars&#13;
[symbol] Sailed home from Singapore on Capetown Castle&#13;
[symbol] Discharged from Kirkham April 1946&#13;
&#13;
THE CREW LANCASTER J.A.683 D2&#13;
&#13;
[symbol] Pilot F/O D.J. (Dan) Cullen (Duke) D.F.C. R.A.A.F.&#13;
[symbol] Flight Engineer W/O D.A. (Don) Gray (Junior) D.F.M. R.A.F.&#13;
[symbol] Bomb Aimer W/O Arthur (Robbie) Robinson R.A.F.&#13;
[symbol] Navigator F/S W.H. (Bill) Gray (Senior) R.A.A.F.&#13;
[symbol] Wireless Operator F/S R.W.R. (Ross) Yates R.A.A.F.&#13;
[symbol] Mid-Upper Gunner F/S C.H. (Col) Wheatley R.A.A.F.&#13;
[symbol] Rear Gunner F/S A.W. (Arthur) Knapp D.F.M. R.A.F.</text>
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                  <text>Eight items and five sub-collections. Main collection contains a log of Pathfinder operations from RAF Wyton 1943 -1944, histories of the Avro repair facility at Bracebridge Heath, and Langar, a biography of Squadron Leader David James Baikie Wilson, biography of Squadron Leader Lighton Verdon-Roe, a book - Test Pilots of A.V. Roe &amp;amp; Co Ltd - S.A. 'Bill' Thorn, and two volumes of book - Roy Chadwick - no finer aircraft designer, Sub-collections contain a total of 29 items concerning the Aldborough Dairy and Cafe as well as biographical material, including log books for Alan Gibson, Peter Isaacson, Alistair Lang and Charles Martin. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/collections/show/1772"&gt;Aldborough Dairy and Cafe&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/collections/show/1768"&gt;Gibson, Alan&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/collections/show/1769"&gt;Isaacson, Peter&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/collections/show/1770"&gt;Lang, Alastair&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/collections/show/1771"&gt;Martin, Charles&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The collection has been loaned to the IBCC Digital Archive for digitisation by Peter Clegg and catalogued by Nigel Huckins.</text>
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                  <text>This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. Some items have not been published in order to protect the privacy of third parties, to comply with intellectual property regulations, or have been assessed as medium or low priority according to the IBCC Digital Archive collection policy and will therefore be published at a later stage. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal, https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/collection-policy.</text>
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                <text>Continues from Volume 1. Starts with chapter 16 which covers the design and production of the York. Chapter 17, the war effort and rewards. Continues with part V - into the jet era. Chapter 19 covers civil airliners and the Shackleton. Chapter 20: the last days and the birth of the Vulcan. Followed by part VI an enduring legacy - other chapters and appendices.&#13;
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