1 25 149 https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/1855/42396/MNormanWC1592453-170521-01.pdf d5d2853a401e88e332aa24e1c0421cb9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Norman, W C Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-05-21 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Norman, WC Description An account of the resource 17 items.&nbsp;The collection concerns Sergeant William Christopher Norman (1592453 Royal Air Force) and contains his log book, documents and correspondence. He flew operations as an air gunner with 626 Squadron and was killed 5 October 1944. <br /><br />The collection has been loaned to the IBCC Digital Archive for digitisation by Andrew King and catalogued by Trevor Hardcastle. <br /><br />Additional information on William Christopher Norman is available via the&nbsp;<a href="https://losses.internationalbcc.co.uk/loss/117379/">IBCC Losses Database</a>. Transcribed document A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Transcription Text transcribed from audio recording or document [blank back cover] [page break] [front cover] Where is it? [page break] [inserted] J Brennan School House Seaton Village New Seaham Co. Durham [/inserted] [table of Morse Code] Blyton Nr. Gainsboro. Lincs. [page break] 1592453 Sgt Norman W C Sgts Mess RAF Finningley Nr Doncaster Yorkshire 1592453 Sgt Norman W C Sgts Mess RAF Worksop Notts. Bridlington Ireland Co Down Lords Cricket Ground London 1592453 Sgt Norman W C Sgts Mess RAF Boston Park Lindholme Nr. Doncaster [page break] 1592453 Sgt Norman W C Sgts Mess R.A.F Station Blyton Nr. Gainsboro 1592453 Sgt Norman W C (Green) Sgts Mess R.A.F. Wickenby Lincoln [page break] [blank page] [page break] [indecipherable word] 3 Mrs Caddow 5/- [page break] [blank page] [page break] [blank page] [page break] Mr & Mrs Hollingsworth 54, Marlborough St Seaham Harbour Co Durham Mr & Mrs Henderson 152 Charles Street Boldon Colliery Co Durham [page break] [blank page] [page break] Mr & Mrs E R [indecipherable name] 6, Endwell Road Brockley London [page break] Mr & Mrs K. Stephens 10, Greta Street Kurri Kurri New South Wales. Australia. (Mick) [page break] Dont ask me why I’m leaving Dont ask me why Dont ask me why I’m Graving Don’t ask me why I only want to tell you That Il [sic] miss you so & love you forever Forget you never Sighing Why Then we’ll start love Flying Till By Bye Then you’ll True love Then you’ll be me asking me why Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource William Norman's address book Description An account of the resource Including addresses for family and also various RAF Stations. Also includes a poem. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource William Norman Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Great Britain Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Royal Air Force Royal Air Force. Bomber Command Civilian Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Text. Poetry Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource One small booklet Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context MNormanWC1592453-170521-01 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Alan Pinchbeck Maureen Clarke air gunner aircrew killed in action Morse-keyed wireless telegraphy https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/2482/42904/SHowardHF1158144v10033.jpg 035a1f2abcc8ecf4b6a0cfc7fe6b952a https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/2482/42904/SHowardHF1158144v10034.jpg 40018496804fd94f4fe0dfeb8497de3b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Howard, Henry Francis. Album Description An account of the resource One album with theatrical productions memorabilia. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2021-07-27 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Howard, HF Transcribed document A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Transcription Text transcribed from audio recording or document [underlined] NO.1. SCHOOL OF COOKERY, R.A.F., HALTON. “WHAT’S COOKING?” CONCERT AT NO.2. WING CONCERT HALL, HALTON. 16th June, 1943. 19.30 hours. [/underlined] (By kind permission of the Officer Commanding.) [inserted] Compere H.H. [/inserted] [underlined] PROGRAMME. [/underlined] 1. “The Cooks Lament”. Class No. 1212. 2. Piano Recital. Sgt. Willer. 3. “A Blind Man’s Holiday”. (Cpl. Hinch, Acw. Jarrett, (Acw. Gillan. 4. Vocalist. LACW. Aldrich. 5. “Cries of London”. Cpl. Okin. 6. “Ukelele Ike”. LAC. Slater. 7. “The Gremlins Birthday”. (Sgt Pratt. (AC. Rickwell. 8. [deleted] Comedian. [/deleted] [inserted] Farmer Airman [/inserted] Sgt. Khode. INTERVAL – Community Singing led by “Jackie” Aldrich. See Over. [page break] [blank page] [page break] WANTED! “BENDOVER BERTIE” [sketch of man’s face] HE WILL BE AT THE PUBLIC HALL W.R ON WEDNESDAY MAY 5th 1943 AT THE RED CROSS PRISONERS OF WAR GRAND DANCE & CABARET REWARD - £1.1.0. To gain this reward you must challenge him [indecipherable word] thus:- [sketch] “YOU ARE BENDOVER BERTIE, THE BROWNED-OFF, BEETLE-BROWED BLACKGUARD. I APPREHEND YOU AND CLAIM THE REWARD!” Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource What's cooking? Description An account of the resource On the left, a concert programme with hand written amendments to the sketches, compered by Henry Howard. On the right, a cartoon wanted poster for 'Bendover Bertie' advertising a dance and buffet in aid of the Red Cross prisoner of war fund. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1943 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1943-05-05 1943-06-16 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Great Britain England--Buckinghamshire Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Civilian Royal Air Force Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Artwork Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource One printed cartoon sketch and one typed sheet on two album pages Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context SHowardHF1158144v10033, SHowardHF1158144v10034 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Alan Pinchbeck entertainment RAF Halton Red Cross https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/1527/36999/PMaidensT16020001.jpg 72e674cce0c80389d105a8eaa8529141 https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/1527/36999/PMaidensT16020002.jpg bdecb277778f073cb862c1796959739a https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/1527/36999/PMaidensT16020003.jpg b6e220eb70cc9a1af801b55121684fa1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Maidens, Terry T Maidens Rose Brothers Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2016-07-27 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Maidens, T Description An account of the resource Eight items. The collection contains photographs and material from Rose Brothers (Gainsborough) Ltd. The collection has been donated to the IBCC Digital Archive by Terry Maidens and catalogued by Trevor Hardcastle. Transcribed document A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Transcription Text transcribed from audio recording or document W G Westwood [signature] Will Mackenzie Jack. M. Bousfield. DFC 83 SQDN. P a Mackenzie A. Mackie S. O. Tudor DFC MARY J T Collins Guy P Gibson V.C. D.S.O. [inserted] + BAR [/inserted] D.F.C. + BAR P D S Jewett D McGurk Charles Madden H. Hajainoba Oliver Bevin Rear Admiral R. F. Elkins. Captain R.N. [signature] [signature] C. Thompson Eng. Comm. RN Arthur M Maiden G. F Playford [signature] [signature] [signature] R. C. Chipperfield Annie German J Y. Thompson Stan. G. Parsons R N Renard R.N.V.R. (S.A.) Sub Power Robert Ken S Jones Farlane D.F.C. + BAR RAAF [inserted] D.S.O. [/inserted] Warwick W London Robert H Watts A. L. Chisholm RAF S W Lane D.F.C. [signature] J R Foster [signature] DSO. DFC. SQDN. RAAF C. Hapcroft F C [signature] Ralph Allesbrook DFC 49 Mary Sellars E. J. J. Bell D.F.C. S/Ldr 12 SQDN W. T. Gemwell M.A.P. R. A. Mackenzie M.A.P. Frank A Landacci R. H. Martin John Tindale [signature] [signature] [signature] [signature] Commander RN W W Hancock W W Hancock John O Johnson A. C. Gardner. R.A. G W Holden DSO DFC D J H Maltby DSO. DFC R D Trevor Roper DFC. DFM. Peter Field RNZAF Ar Ken Kearse RNZAF J. Darbishire F. W. Holdsworth P. Lloyd. Davies K H Nicholls (Nick!) K Undem J Oliver. D.F.M. S W Longman F/O 115 SQDN H Mick F/O [signature] E.L. [indecipherable name] [signature] G H Loxley A Hamilton L R Leighton Captain RN [signature] Captain RN [signature] Capt RN J Wedge [signature] [signature] C E Keys Commander RN J O Lancaster [signature] J. Blakey P. Coy 13089098 1308909 [signature][inserted] D.F.C. SZCZESNY [symbol] Henryk SZCZESNY [symbol] POLISH AIR FORCE DFC. THH Adams R A B Learoyd S/L V.C. K Brown A Russell John G S. Corke DFC Lt Cmd RN FRANK WALKER GNA RA J Beavison Richard Raunsley Anne Tysskievsen Mrs Jerome Radrismith Julia Gascicaska S Jackson [signature] Arthur. T. Harris C. in C. Bomber Command A. G. Rose. O.B.E. June Stuart J S Holmes 49 SQUADRON C Burgess Herbert J Bray Wilfred G Burley Dr A Goseinski Frank Revell C C Moss A Goss R J Sansom [signature] T. M. Chadwick S F Hearn G Buef S/L Free French Navy J H Kynoch RAF [symbol] H Creasey M Eardley M S/L H G Whitlock P Rose P A Timpson Thistle Sims G W Wall J C Rivers [signature][symbol] R.A.F. (KB.) K C Hackness Capt RN. [signature] Sylvia Thursfield Cadowski Kat L Lew Kenry Taniey Polish Air Force Admiral B W Greathed CIGM ext. [indecipherable word] D.D.N.D. Frank Ogden MBE HMHM S/M. X24 Roy Chadwick [indecipherable name] Lewis G Travers Mayoress of Camberwell 1944 L. Sawyer K. S. Renshaw DSO “Truant” Lieut RNR Anthony M Tan Lily Bays [signature] Alice Ridley W.V.S. Eva Rosebery Gladys M. Harper [signature] DFM + BAR N P Bottomley [signature] R. M. Palmer R Moseley [signature] [signature] Reginald L. Huant Johnny Johnson DFC 617 Squadron RAF C/G H. I. [indecipherable name] Joan Vickers F G Wrisberg Maj Gen Olga Marshall Margaret Godsmark Kathleen Lindsay J H Blakey Gertrude Rose Susan Rawnsley Barbara Rand Edith Hillingdon Mirrian W Brown [page break] [repeat image (inverted)] [page break] H E C Hackman [signature] [signature] J Wedge A J Clemence John. D. Johnson R L Huant Stan G Parsons William Parry Hilda Blakey W G Westwood Jed Burgess Charles Kydd A. Russell Dennis Pumfrey Thos M [indecipherable name] Refus Creek C W Glenen P/O Philip Jackson J Y. Thompson [signature] Kit Robinson [signature] Marisa Leuoni W H Michelle R. W. Martin W G Burley LESLIE GARNER Gertrude Rose Babs Pumfrey [signature] Marianne [indecipherable name] Reg Pumfrey PAUL Alfred Rose Alice Ridley William Hare F Hare Clarris Philip Jackson Edith H Jackson June Ridley Stuart. H. Parry Hugh. S. Ridley M Pocklington Luke Lobley Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Two table cloths Description An account of the resource Tablecloths hand sewn with multiple signatures. From information kindly provided by the donor. Stitched with signatures of aircrew. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Civilian Royal Air Force Royal Air Force. Bomber Command Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Physical object Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Three colour photographs Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context PMaidensT16020001, PMaidensT16020002, PMaidensT16020003 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Alan Pinchbeck Gibson, Guy Penrose (1918-1944) https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/1765/30804/ELayneWHLayneAJ440916.1.jpg e4bf7716be4aae3263d6f89f831e0c0c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Layne, Wally Walter Henry Layne W H Layne Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-06-07 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Layne, WH Description An account of the resource 100 items. The collection concerns Walter 'Wally' Layne (b. 1916, 963012, 40348 Royal Air Force) and contains his log book, prisoner of war diary, personal and official correspondence and photographs. He flew operations as a wireless operator with 97 Squadron and became a prisoner of war after being shot down. The collection has been donated to the IBCC Digital Archive by D Layne and catalogued by Nigel Huckins. Transcribed document A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Transcription Text transcribed from audio recording or document Kriegsgefangenenlager Datum: Sept 16/44 My dearest one, I hope you are well, I am keeping very fit, I am writing this by a flickering lamp so excuse bad writing. Things are moving very quickly these days, all the fellows here expect to be home by Christmas but I can’t imagine the [deleted] bling [/deleted] blinking war ever ending. The nights are drawing in, sorry to see Winter. All my love W. [page break] Kriegsgefangenenpost [postmark GEPRUFT 100] Postkarte LUFTPOST An Gebührenfriel Absender: Vor- und Zuname: P/O LAYNE Gefangenennummer: 605 Kriegsgefangenenlager der Luftwaffe Nr. 3 Lager-Bezeichnung: Deutschland (Allemagne) [postmark PASSED P.W.2368] MR & MRS FORTH BARROWBY HIGH RD Empfangsort: GRANTHAM Straße: LINCOLNSHIRE Land: ENGLAND Landesteil (Provinz usw.) [page break] Kriegsgefangenenpost [postmark STALAG 10 GEPRUFT] Postkarte An Gebührenfriel Absender: Vor- und Zuname: R COLBECK Gefangenennummer: 6084 Lager-Bezeichnung: M.-Stammlager 357 B1/6 Deutschland (Allemagne) [postmark 29.9.44.-12] MRS W.H. LAYNE 97 HARLAXTON RD Empfangsort: GRANTHAM. Straße: LINCOLNSHIRE Land: ENGLAND. Landesteil (Provinz usw.) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Two postcards from Wally Layne Description An account of the resource Top - to his wife saying he was writing by flickering lamp. Writes that things are moving quickly and everyone expects to be home by Christmas but he couldn't imagine the war ending. Middle - front of postcard with address to Mr and Mrs Forth. Bottom - front of postcard addressed to his wife. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource W H Layne Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1944-09-16 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Two handwritten prisoner of war postcards Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Text. Correspondence Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ELayneWHLayneAJ440916 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Civilian Royal Air Force Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Great Britain England--Lincolnshire England--Grantham Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1944-09-16 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Alan Pinchbeck Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive prisoner of war https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/1765/30787/ELayneWHLayneAJ440111.1.jpg 5acd26d5a589be77e4ca7c8e35b2a8a0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Layne, Wally Walter Henry Layne W H Layne Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-06-07 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Layne, WH Description An account of the resource 100 items. The collection concerns Walter 'Wally' Layne (b. 1916, 963012, 40348 Royal Air Force) and contains his log book, prisoner of war diary, personal and official correspondence and photographs. He flew operations as a wireless operator with 97 Squadron and became a prisoner of war after being shot down. The collection has been donated to the IBCC Digital Archive by D Layne and catalogued by Nigel Huckins. Transcribed document A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Transcription Text transcribed from audio recording or document Kriegsgefangenenlager Datum Jan 11/44 My dearest Joan, I hope you are keeping well, I am quite fit and have not even had a cold yet, pretty good for me. I went to the Pantomine [sic] last night, it was quite good, I had about an hour on the ice this morning, my ankles are rather stiff after it. I haven’t had any mail yet, I expect it will be coming along in due course. All my love Walt. [page break] Kriegsgefangenenlager Datum Jan 16/44 My dearest Joan, I hope you are all keeping well, I havent [sic] heard from you yet but I am still hoping, I expect there is plenty of mail on the way, also cigarette parcels. I met another fellow yesterday who was at school with me. Lets [sic] hope 44 will be the last year of the war, it always was a pretty lucky number for me. All my love keep smiling Walt. [page break] Kriegsgefangenenlager Datum 22 1 44 My dearest Joan, I am keeping very fit and well, hope you are the same. We have had a few days skating but the thaw has come along and it looks as if the winter is over. I haven’t had any mail from you yet but am still hoping, there should be some this month, write often and send plenty of cigs. Love Walt. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Three postcards from Wally Layne to his wife Description An account of the resource Top - writes he is fit and well and that he went to a pantomime previous night. Mentions ice skating and not having any mail. Middle - writes that he still has not heard from her. Hope mail and cigarettes on the way. Writes of meeting old school acquaintance. Bottom - says he is keeping fit and well. Mentions skating but thaw had arrived and maybe winter was over. Still no mail but hoping. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource W H Layne Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1944-01-11 1944-01-16 1944-01-22 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Three handwritten prisoner of war postcards Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Text. Correspondence Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ELayneWHLayneAJ440111 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Civilian Royal Air Force Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1944-01 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Alan Pinchbeck entertainment prisoner of war sport https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/1353/38126/MRobertsK430224-150527-010001.jpg 96c0e9d126ab2bfde0cc5fd93045ae8c https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/1353/38126/MRobertsK430224-150527-010002.jpg a2085bf678cbb7ca2aa86714cc500944 https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/1353/38126/MRobertsK430224-150527-010003.jpg 51fc1ae627a35d8729d18dc3f06eb57d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Roberts, Kevin Roberts, K J Roberts, Kevin Jack Description An account of the resource Three items. The collection concerns Kevin Jack Roberts (430224 Royal Australian Air Force) and contains his log book, personal recollections and a photograph. The collection has been loaned to the IBCC Digital Archive for digitisation by H Morris and catalogued by Barry Hunter. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015-05-24 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Roberts, KJ Transcribed document A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Transcription Text transcribed from audio recording or document [inserted] 1 [/inserted] THE SURPRISING DETAILS OF A FEW YEARS OF WORLD WAR 2 1939 - 1945 Recently reading through a very detailed record of the events of World War 2, I found myself thinking along the lines of “I didn’t know that” As a youngster I recall being interested in a T.V show titled “WHY IS IT SO” So perhaps you may be interested in joining with me as I recollect my surprises, and add a few details of my 3 years service with the RAAF. Come with me while I recollect some very important years of my life many years ago. My personal reflections relate to my service as an RAAF wireless operator with the ROYAL AIR FORCE as a member of the crew of a LANCASTER bomber with RAF 218 Squadron at CHEDBURGH Norfolk England. However let’s start at the beginning. My memories of this war started with seeing MR. CHAMBERLAIN in 1939 on the newsreels waving a piece of paper declaring “Peace in our time” after returning from a meeting with Adolf Hitler in Berlin. Tragically this was not the case as almost immediately on the 1st and 2nd of September 1939 Hitler unleashed what is now a familiar word “THE BLITZKRIEG” which indicated the pent up fury and planning that proceeded the atrocities committed at the time by the German Army and Air Force in the attack on and the subsequent invasion of POLAND. Britain and Australia declared war on MY BIRTHDAY 3rd. September 1939 Surely that’s a milestone!! I was 15 years old at the time and the suggestion was that the war would be over by Christmas 39 or 40. How wrong they were! The superbly trained massive German forces eventually in May 1940 advanced into Belgium and Holland (136 German divisions) and 2500 German aircraft with the new technique of parachuting 16000 airborne troops into Rotterdam, Leiden and the Hague The overwhelming opposition forced the Allied forces on the Continent to retreat and the political turmoil in Britain brought Churchill forth as wartime leader. The allies fought furiously against the German advances, with huge losses, but on 24th May 1940 the evacuation of approximately 400,000 soldiers commenced from DUNKIRK (France) The British army with substantial international assistance would return on “D” Day in June 1944. Later in August 1940 German aircraft commenced bombing British factories and oil storage tanks and 12 aircraft apparently off course bombed London. At the time British bombers dropped leaflets and eventually bombs on Berlin. German bombing of London was intensified and it was recorded that 1075 civilians were killed in the month of September 1940. [page break] Invasion by Germany was anticipated but did not eventuate. On the 17th of September Hitler postponed the invasion of Britain “until further notice’. In 1940 the air wars continued and submarines were sinking a very large number of ships delivering supplies to England. On 22nd June 1941 Germany invaded the Soviet Union. The German army fought it’s way to Stalingrad with the massacre of thousands of Jewish civilians taking place at every opportunity. On 12th of September the first snow flurries dropped and the assistance of the Russian winter against the invaders (in unsuitable winter clothing) commenced. Stalin on 14th 41 September ordered that Soviet troops would fight to the death and those who retreated would be shot, and some executions became public knowledge. The atrocious weather and ferocious resistance stopped the German advance and the soldiers retreated. Very many froze to death.. or starved to death. Military equipment and supplies to Russia by Britain and America via the North sea ensured that the German army had no chance of regaining supremacy on that front. It is estimated that there were around 20 million military and civilian casualities [sic] on that front before hostilities ceased. In the meantime in all areas Jewish civilians were rounded up and interned in concentration camps. Apart from the camps Jews were regularly slaughtered in large groups where they were, and an estimated 6 million Jews lost their lives during this war. It is very difficult to comprehend the loss of life on this scale. On 10/06.40 Italy declared war and Britain continued bombing German cities in response to German bombing of London, Birmingham, Coventry etc. The British Army was overcome by the German onslaught and was evacuated from Dunkirk from 24/5/40 The battle continued to rage in North Africa and Italy and the world was devastated by the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbour on 7/12/41, sinking the bulk of the U.S. Navy ships. Like the Germany blitzkrieg, the Japanese offensive exploded in the Pacific and the Japanese occupied Bangkok on December 9th 1941 and on December 10 made 2 landings on the Malay peninsula, the Gilbert Islands and 1 day later there were 2 additional landings of 2000 troops each on the east and west coasts of the Philipines [sic] and on Hong Kong on Dec 18. Allied troops in the area fought courageously but eventually on 15th Feb 42, 32000 Indian, 16000 British and 14000 Australians surrendered, more than half to die as prisoners of war. The Japanese continued to advance towards the Australian mainland with landings in Rabaul (Jan 42), the battles of the Kokoda Trail (Jly 42); the first of 64 air raids on Darwin from (17/2/42 and subsequently Broome and Wyndham. The attack on Sydney Harbour by midget submarines took place on 31/5/42. The Battle of the Coral Sea (2/5/42) fought by the U.S. navy was to stop the invasion forces intended for the Solomon Islands and Port Moresby. The battle lasted 4 days when the ships on both sides were attacked by aircraft, some with torpedoes and the battle was plane against plane, and plane against ship. The Americans lost 66 planes and the Japanese 70, with not a single shot being fired ship against ship. The huge damage sustained and loss of personel [sic] forced a stop to the southward expansion which was to have included the invasion of Australian shores. Many ships were sunk including the huge USS Aircraft carrier “LEXINGTON” [page break] [inserted] 3 [/inserted] NOW THE WAR BECOMES PERSONAL FOR ME as at the age of 17 I felt it necessary to join up to help in the battle against the invasion of my homeland. I was accepted into the RAAF on 1st Jan 1943 (aged 18) and commenced training as a wireless operator at Somers. In March 1943, those aged over 19 were sent to train in Canada, which left me with a large number of others to proceed to Ballarat for wireless training. The city had a very cold winter, and I found the blankets supplied had weight but not warmth. I then found at the Easter break that I had to attend hospital with very severe sinus/antrim pain and the subsequent nasty operation and recuperation moved me from course 36 to 38 (2 months later). Let me say that I envied the army personnel who joined together, fought together and de-mobbed together, which later meant a lot of familiar faces of friends at reunions. In the airforce there were few sustained friendships. Anyhow after Ballarat it was on to Sale for gunnery training, then to the M.C.G. to be kitted out with summer uniforms which confused us and other observers. We boarded the USS Mt. Vernon for transport to San Fransisco USA. then across the USA by train to New York and pre-embarkation leave. Eventually we were loaded on to the 4 funnel ‘Isle de France’ which pulled away from the wharf late at night, and the next morning we found we were tied up again at the wharf, as sabotage in the form of kerosene soaked blankets had been found in the kitchen. A few more days leave and we were loaded aboard the ‘Queen Mary’ to sleep in 6 tiered bunks in half of a first class cabin. The ship was full to capacity, and many hammocks were shared in 12 hour shifts. Fortunately in Jan 41. the Americans obtained examples of the Japanese “Purple” and German “Enigma” coding machines and from then on messages were deciphered at Bletchley Park decoding and intelligence section. This meant that the British were able to track the movement of submarines, amongst other things, substantially reducing what had been horrific losses of ships transporting supplies across the Atlantic. Also the Queen Mary could easily outdistance any submarines. (Strangely the Germans did not know that the code was broken, and this situation fortunately continued to the end of the war) Being commissioned I was one of a number required to attend the bridge to scan the ocean’s 40 foot waves and fog for periscopes. We landed without incident on 7th Jan 1943 and Australian airmen were transported by train to our holding unit which was the ‘Grand Hotel’ Brighton, England. A number of our course were eventually sent to Llandurog [sic] Northern Wales (16/5/44) for advanced wireless training. It was here a very good friend was killed when the aircraft slammed into Mt. Snowden in the fog. Back to Brighton, and shortly after a trip to an unused holiday resort at Filey Yorkshire for a commando training course which included climbing up and down huge nets, and tearing around through 4 feet of snow stabbing dummies with bayonets attached to .303 rifles. In June 44 we went to Desborough Northampton for O.T.U. training on 2-engined Wellingtons. The first day all the trades were assembled in a large hanger, [sic] and the pilots present were instructed to locate 5 other airmen prepared to form a crew. Fortunately my eventual pilot was not put off by the dark blue uniform (or the Australian shoulder badges), as he was determined to have an all commissioned crew, and wireless ops were thin on the ground. He eventually found a couple of gunners who were friends, and had recently returned from instructing in Canada with commissions, (the crew were all English but me). We did 31 trips in Wellingtons and then in Sept 44 went on to Shepherd’s Grove Suffolk 1657 heavy conversion unit for training on 4-engined Stirlings where we acquired a Sgt engineer needed in the larger aircraft. These aircraft had been in constant use as bombers, and now in retirement badly needed new Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Surprising Details of a Few Years of World War 2 1939-1945 Description An account of the resource A memoir written by a Royal Australian Air Force wireless operator. Firstly, he describes major events in the war but he continues with his own experience, training in Canada then commencing further training in the UK. Only three pages are present. This item was sent to the IBCC Digital Archive already in digital form. No better quality copies are available. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kevin Roberts Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Australia France--Dunkerque Russia (Federation)--Stalingradskai︠a︡ oblastʹ Canada Great Britain England--Brighton England--Filey France England--Lancashire England--Sussex Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Royal Air Force Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Text. Memoir Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Three printed sheets Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context MRobertsK430224-150527-010001, MRobertsK430224-150527-010002, MRobertsK430224-150527-010003 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Alan Pinchbeck Maureen Clarke 218 Squadron air gunner aircrew bombing Chamberlain, Neville (1869-1940) Churchill, Winston (1874-1965) crash crewing up Heavy Conversion Unit Hitler, Adolf (1889-1945) Lancaster Operational Training Unit prisoner of war RAF Chedburgh RAF Desborough RAF Llandwrog RAF Shepherds Grove Stalin, Joseph (1878-1953) Stirling training Wellington wireless operator https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/501/22352/MCurnockRM1815605-171114-072.pdf 2a3404c489848de213f391d8cd6f72e5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Curnock, Richard Richard Murdock Curnock R M Curnock Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Curnock, RM Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2016-04-18 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Description An account of the resource 92 items. An oral history interview with Warrant Officer Richard Curnock (1924, 1915605 Royal Air Force), his log book, letters, photographs and prisoner of war magazines. He flew operations with 425 Squadron before being shot down and becoming a prisoner of war. The collection has been licenced to the IBCC Digital Archive by Richard Curnock and catalogued by Barry Hunter. Transcribed document A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Transcription Text transcribed from audio recording or document [front cover of booklet] The Royal Air Force School for Prisoners of War [Royal Air Force crest] ET [The Royal Air Force School for Prisoners of War crest] Stalag Luft VI Germany 1/- [page break] [blank page] [page break] WHERE THERE IS NO VISION THE PEOPLE PERISH THIS PROSPECTUS of study from a “Barbed Wire University whose only qualification for entry is to have faced Death” — is representative of the educational ferment at work in over 50 camps in Germany, France, Denmark, etc. (and formerly in Italy and North Africa). One R.A.F. sergeant, a prisoner since 1939, has by the aid of books and materials sent out by the British Red Cross and St. John War Organisation (which inaugurated the educational section early in 1940) produced this beautiful illuminated report. His shortened title “British Red X” symbolizes for all prisoners salvation of mind as well as body. A lapse or two from dictionary spelling reflects the harsh conditions under which all educational or artistic effort is undertaken. Can we visualize the the surroundings — lack of space, lack of heat, lack of light, constant interruptions, no silence, no privacy? “These schools,” says a sergeant in a Stalag, “have been raised on difficulties, and they have flourished on difficulties, in a way which it is not fantastic to say discharges the debt of a part of this generation to the ascetic seekers after knowledge who were the founders of all education,” and the continuation of the report can be accepted as the pattern for most camps. “The School catering for the educational needs of nearly 5,000 men, started with two classes in one room, with no material or text books, in the depth of winter with inadequate heating. From that beginning, hopelessly discouraging to all except a prisoner of war, progress has been made to a large building, partitioned by the use of Red Cross box wood into seven rooms — still fireless, but used from nine in the morning until nine at night by indefatigable students. “The 23 original subjects are still on the programme, but the number of subjects taught has now risen to 84. This striking figure is due to the fact that an effort has been made to cater for the requirements of each individual prisoner, with the great emphasis laid upon the preparation for the after-war period and re-entry into civil life. “Men from all parts of the Empire are keeping themselves up to standard — improving their knowledge in their profession, or learning a new kind of job. And as the surest test of their progress most are preparing for the examinations, which thanks to the arrangements made by the Red Cross are permitted by examining bodies to be held in P.O.W. Camps.” Most of these men had been in working parties, but on learning that examinations could be taken, they preferred to study (N.C.O.s can choose whether they work or not) whereupon the Germans formed a special camp for this purpose. In this camp of 4,686 prisoners there are 4,259 in classes, and 2,373 in school, and in addition there are 17 study groups for professional examinations, as well as a number of private students. In an officers’ Air Camp the annual report reads “Over 40% are Examination-minded, and 66% have maintained interest throughout all the distractions of P.O.W. life.” One of the largest Stalags reports that last year 104,991 students attended the 90 different classes, in which 72 qualified tutors teach many subjects ranging from elementary agriculture to advanced engineering. A special class is held “for the illiterate, many of whom have had no chance to study as they lived as sheep farmers or boundary riders far from a school.” One repatriated prisoner of war, suffering from shell-shock, described how he was taught to read again and this gradually restored to him his lost memory. Their library of 5,000 to 6,000 books is so well run that only three books have been lost in two years. The working parties too are catered for by six visiting tutors, and the German authorities, [page break] five or six weeks before examinations allow prisoners to return to the Base camp for intensive reading. But difficulties here are far greater, and few manage consecutive study, though one man, after working ten hours in a gravel pit, returns to his hut and puts in some reading for Intermediate B.Sc., and as a Cypriot prisoner wrote, “I know it is difficult to study in Prison camps but I am not losing my time as stagnant water in the lake.” In the Merchant Navy Camp highly organised study has been in progress for some years. The course given by the Merchant Navy Officers’ Training Board covers all the officer apprentices’ work, and we send these out to every two boys with the necessary books. Every month tests are held, marks awarded and a report forwarded. All this supervised study will be set against their four years sea-going service by the Ministry of War Transport, who this year, have allowed the men to take the written work of the Ministry’s Certificates of Competency. In April, 149 men took five examinations (Masters, Mates, Engineers). Examinations of many other bodies have been successfully held and as the education officer says, “Every endeavour has been made to widen interests from purely practical subjects to literary history, art appreciation and post-war reconstruction.” In the Royal Navy Officers’ Division of the Camp, the learning of language is a favourite pursuit — in fact, throughout all camps, this study is widespread, including such unusual tongues as Serbo-Croat, Maori, Swahili, Chinese and Japanese. Since 1940 one of the Oflags has been running a University with seventeen faculties, and some idea of its scope can be judged by its language faculty which teaches twenty-one languages, and its educational library which contains 30,000 volumes. Even the wounded have made the effort of concentration necessary to take an examination. After the dire disappointment of Rouen, a young teacher (wounded himself) took the situation in hand and slaved sixteen hours a day to prepare these men for Matriculation. Often a wounded hand held pen or pencil, guided along by the unwounded hand, but the results on their return (for most are now repatriated) must have heartened teacher and taught, for twelve out of thirteen were successful. In the Civilian Internment Camps (Ilags) the education is wide in range and standard: for example, in one camp thirty-five classes (all different subjects) are in full swing. As well as the British internees, there are many foreigners who are taking advantage of their enforced sojourn to learn English, and obtain the Cambridge Certificate of Proficiency. Schoolboys and schoolgirls deported from the Channel Islands are preparing for School Certificate and Matriculation, and there is even a man of 42 who has courageously sat for, and passed, the former. Women as well as men are studying for examinations and as their education officer says, “It was interesting to see how the satisfactory result in the first Matriculation Examination put Education on the map. The candidates were a keen lot, and it impressed the general public to see young men putting in seven hours’ class work a day even in the summer.” We must not forget that these prisoners started from nothing, without teachers, classrooms, books or writing materials, and often without chairs or tables. But with vision and courage, they improvised essential equipment, built their own class rooms, and took it in turns to lecture before the books arrived. Later on help came from all sides:- the German authorities, the indefatigable International Red Cross Consultative Committee with its constituent societies (E.S.R.F., I.B.E., Y.M.C.A., etc.). From Sweden, Canada, the Argentine and Great Britain came paper and pencils, while books seeped in from divers sources, the neutrals, the Dominions, the United States of America and the United Kingdom. Co-operation in common cause brought the impossible to pass, and at this moment more than 100 examining bodies, university, professional and vocational, are holding their Examinations in the prison camps. The results to-day are startling for out of 8,000 applications 5,369 [page break] prisoners have already taken their Examinations for which 4,000 passes have been announced and this represents 78% complete passes in all papers. “No report can adequately deal with the patience, hard work and overcoming of difficulties in a cheery spirit which has been characteristic of both the teachers and the pupils,” says the Education Officer of the N.C.O.s camp and he continues, “At this stage, when many men have been over for years prisoners it does take some effort to persist in a line of study, but of course that effort when made produces remarkable benefits to the men themselves.” Some fall by the wayside, but the reward for teachers and students who stay the course can be gauged by listening to an extract from the school report of the largest Stalag : “…Very satisfactory work has been accomplished with many of Les Grands Blessés. This has been proved by letters received from several who were repatriated. They state that, due to the school, they were able, upon their return home, to procure superior posts to those that they held prior to the war. One outstanding case is that of an N.C.O. who had lost a leg. Before the war he had been a hod carrier. He realised that whilst he was here, he would be unable, owing to his disablement, to resume his peacetime work. Consequently he approached us for advice and he was advised to study building with a view to obtaining a post with an Architectural Firm. We then proceeded to train him with such satisfactory results that he was successful in passing the City and Guilds Building Examination. He now holds a good post in a building firm in the South of England…..” An Ilag Education Officer sums up for us the spirit which is keeping prisoners alive mentally as well as physically. “We try to communicate the faith that there are things of the mind unbounded by time and place and that captives may escape beyond the barbed wire into fields of knowledge and delight. Those who know this freedom of the intellect are the happiest people in this camp and they will go out from here the best citizens when the gates are open.” This camp record, wrought for us in such exquisite form, witnesses to the fact that far from wasting their time these men are actively preparing to play their part in the post-war world, and this is trenchantly expressed by their Education Officer, “I want…to publicise the fact that this period is not one of inactivity, it is not a lull or hiatus, but an extra period of learning, of training, which the men have taken, or shall I say have had thrust upon them by force of circumstance. With the aid of your Educational Service [i.e. Red Cross Educational Books Section] it is a period of praiseworthy effort in adverse conditions. If I had the power I would inform every professional body and every employer in England and the Dominions that the letters P.O.W. can and often do imply an added qualification.” It is clear that more than ordinary will-power is needed to enable men to concentrate under the distracting and unnatural conditions of prison life, and those who make this effort (whether they achieve success in examinations or not) give proof of that strength of character and stability which, the war won, will help us to keep the peace. Educational Books Section, Prisoner of War Department War Organisation of the British Red Cross Society and Order of St. John of Jerusalem, New Bodleian, OXFORD July 1944 [page break] Buckingham Palace June, 1944 “The King and Queen have seen the Illuminated Book from Stalag Luft VI, N.C.O.s Education Committee. Their Majesties are both deeply impressed by the beautiful workmanship which has been put into the book, and by the splendid courageous spirit with which it has been completed. I am to say that The Queen hopes the booklet will meet with every success.” Signed, KATHERINE SEYMOUR Lady-in-Waiting [page break] FORWARD BY TAKING ADVANTAGE OF THE FACILITIES offered through the channels of the Red Cross Society it has been possible to establish in a Prisoner of War Camp this Educational Organisation, an outline of which is given in the following pages. To convert this period of enforced military inactivity into one of further training is our final aim. The principal value of the scheme however lies in its power to provide a distraction from Boredom and an antidote to Mental Stagnation.” E. Alderton. July, 1943 [page break] [blank page] [page break] INTRODUCTION FOUNDATION THIS UNIQUE SCHOOL was formed to provide educational facilities for flying personnel interned in Germany. Three separate Air Force Camps were moved to form one large camp now called Stalag Luft VI PRESENT POSITION of the SCHOOL There are now more that one thousand students attending lectures at the school and the majority of these are studying for examinations. Through the kind co-operation of the Red Cross Educational Section at Oxford books and equipment are provided to enable the students to carry on, and the Examinations Department at Oxford organises the despatch of [page break] professional and academical examination papers. These examinations are held under the supervision of the Education Committee which is in constant touch with the authorities in England. The Educational Library, divided into two sections, Arts and Sciences now contains some four thousand reference books and is growing rapidly. As quoted in the forward the aim of the school is to expel boredom and mental stagnation by providing educational courses which can be profitably put to use in post-war life. The school has been called “The Barbed-Wire University” and the status of Prisoner of War is the only qualification for entry. It contains students from all parts of the Empire thus giving it a cosmopolitan quality which is greatly cherished. [page break] OFFICERS EDUCATION COMMITTEE Sgt. E. Alderton. Sgt. G. J. Springett. Sgt. G. Higginbothom. The above committee is responsible for the organisation of the school and the supervision of examinations. EDUCATIONAL LIBRARIANS Chief Librarian Sgt. K.C.H. Rawlings. Assistant Librarian Sgt. R. M. Holder Book-binder Sgt. C. R. Brown. FACULTIES Arts, Science, Medicine, Law and Professional Studies. [page break] LECTURERS Ball. G. — Barlow. A. E. — Beare. R. L. B. — Beck. R. J. — Bonnet. J. P. A. — Booth. L. — Bredin. J. C. — Brown. E. A. — Carter. J. C. — Carter. K. S. — Clarke. G. — Clarke. R. V. F. — Clarke. G. B. — Clayton. G. P. — Coveyduck. V. — Curties. M. C. — Custance. M. — Freed. A. — Featherstone. W. — Gardiner. J. — Goldthorpe. C. — Graham. T. — Hanslip. R. N. — Harris. W. — Hawkhead. E. — Hilton-Jones. R. — Holden. K. S. — Huckle. H. G. — Hunt. H. E — Jones. G. D. — Jones. H. A. — Jones. E. W. — Macdonald. A. — Mackenzie. R. — McGlashan. J. — McKernan. C. B. — Murrell. J. G. — Niblett. G. W. — Oliver. M. A. — Pattinson. A. — Penn. E. W. — Penn. F. W. — Phillips. W. — Pitt. J. H. — Rawlings. K. C. — Silver. J. — Slattery. L. J. — Springett. G. J. — Stevenson. J. G. — Taylor-Gill. J. D. — Utteridge. R. J. — Vermiglio. T. A. — Warburton. D. — Warren. W. K. [page break] LECTURES ARE HELD ON THE FOLLOWING SUBJECTS Mathematics — Physics — Chemistry — Biology — Botany — Medicine — Engineering — Metallurgy — Meteorology — Navigation — Geography — Ecconomics [sic] — English — History — Art — French — Latin — Greek — Spanish — Portugese [sic] — German — Italian — Accountancy — Book-keeping — Commerce — Secretarial Practice — Local Government — Law — Motor Trade — Typography — Building — Banking — Agriculture — Hotel Management [page break] EXAMINATIONS WHICH HAVE BEEN TAKEN OR ARE TO BE TAKEN IN THIS CAMP Examinations already taken marked - * London University Matriculation — * London University Diploma in Public Administration — * London University Intermediate B. A. London University Intermediate B. Sc. — * Institute of Bankers England — * Institute of Bankers Scotland — * Institute of Chartered Accountants Institute of Cost and Works Accountants — * Association of Certified and Corporate Accountants Society of Incorporated Accountants and Auditors Institute of Municipal Treasurers and Accountants — * Royal Agricultural Society Royal Institute of British Architects — * Royal Society of Arts — * [page break] Auctioneers’ and Estate Agents’ Institute — * Institute of Book-keepers — * Building Societies Institute — * City and Guilds of London Institute — * Co-operative Union — * Institute of Motor Trade Institution of Electrical Engineers Institution of Structural Engineers Corporation of Insurance Brokers — * Chartered Insurance Institute Law Society National Association of Local Government Officers — * Association Board of the Royal Schools of Music — * Pitmans Institute The College of Preceptors — * Incorporated Sales Managers’ Association — * Chartered Institute of Secretaries — * Institute of Chartered Shipbrokers Institute of Transport — * Incorporated Clerk of Works Association [page break] ACCOMODATION The classes and examinations are held in five small rooms contained in separate barrack blocks. Three of these B, C, and D are used continuously whilst the remaining lectures are carried on in the Fiction Library and the Hairdressing Shop when these places are not in use. [page break] [students timetable] [page break] CONCLUSION FROM THE FOREGOING pages can be gleaned a mental picture of the Educational Organisation on this camp. Its success cannot be gauged in terms of certificates, degrees or diplomas but its value in preserving the morale of the men is immeasurable. The Education Committee has only one hope and that is, that the work done by the prisoners here will prove of value to them in post-war life. “If you can fill the unforgiving minute With sixty seconds’ worth of distance run, Yours is the Earth and everything thats [sic] in it”… Kipling. [page break] [blank page] Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Royal Air Force School for Prisoners of War Description An account of the resource A magazine produced at Stalag Luft 6 prisoner of war camp. It describes the need for education in the camp, the lecturers, the subjects taught and examinations taken or about to be taken. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The prisoners of Stalag Luft 6 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource One printed magazine Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Text. Training material Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context MCurnockRM1815605-171114-072 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Royal Air Force Royal Air Force. Bomber Command Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Lithuania Lithuania--Šilutė Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1944-07 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Alan Pinchbeck George VI, King of Great Britain (1895-1952) prisoner of war Red Cross Stalag Luft 6 https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/886/23805/EHudsonP-HEHudsonJD421004-0001.1.jpg ed089268f6c663219b8134c6f8325250 https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/886/23805/EHudsonP-HEHudsonJD421004-0002.1.jpg 732057e6f938462f56d59c3998d8cbc2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Hudson, Douglas James Douglas Hudson J D Hudson Description An account of the resource 529 items. Collection concerns Pilot Officer James Douglas Hudson, DFC (755052 Royal Air Force) who joined the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve in June 1939 and trained as an observer. While on route to Malta in August 1940 his Blenheim crashed in Tunisia and he was subsequently interned for two and a half years by Vichy French in Tunisia and Algeria. After being freed he returned to Great Britain and after navigator retraining completed a tour of 30 operations on 100 Squadron. The collection contains letters to and from his parents and from French penfriends while interned in Tunisia and Algeria, newspaper cuttings of various events, logbooks and lists of operations, official documents and photographs. A further 23 items are in two sub-collections with details of navigator examinations and postcards of Laghouat Algeria.<br /><br />The collection has been loaned to the IBCC Digital Archive for digitisation by Elizabeth Smith and Yvonne Puncher and catalogued by Nigel Huckins.<br /> <p>This collection also contains items concerning Louis Murray and Harry Bowers. Additional information on <a href="https://internationalbcc.co.uk/losses/202827/">Harry Bowers</a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href="https://internationalbcc.co.uk/losses/220410/">Louis Murray</a> is available via the IBCC Losses Database.</p> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015-06-16 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. Some items have not been published in order to protect the privacy of third parties, to comply with intellectual property regulations, or have been assessed as medium or low priority according to the IBCC Digital Archive collection policy and will therefore be published at a later stage. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal, https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/collection-policy. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Hudson, JD Transcribed document A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Transcription Text transcribed from audio recording or document [telegram] [post mark] LAGHOUAT 4-10-42 ALGER [deleted one indecipherable word] Nelson 2089 21/20 3 1006 Cle’ M Voie RS. Delighted Registered letter october second saw John Campbell yesterday Happy All love Hidson [sic] [page break] 5-10-42 Rf 7,55 755052. Hidson [sic] Camp militaire Algerie Laghouat Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Telegram to Douglas Hudson from his parents Description An account of the resource Reports arrival of letters. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource P Hudson Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1942-10-04 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Handwritten telegram form Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Text. Correspondence Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context EHudsonP-HEHudsonJD421004 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Civilian Royal Air Force Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Algeria Algeria--Laghouat (Province) Great Britain England--Lancashire England--Nelson North Africa Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1942-10-04 1942-10-05 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Alan Pinchbeck prisoner of war https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/886/23208/EHudsonP-HEHudsonJD410520-0001.1.jpg 5d42ce0b65aa45392100a94aea7e020b https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/886/23208/EHudsonP-HEHudsonJD410520-0002.1.jpg ecc71ad2cbcbea90bd59c336edf6faa3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Hudson, Douglas James Douglas Hudson J D Hudson Description An account of the resource 529 items. Collection concerns Pilot Officer James Douglas Hudson, DFC (755052 Royal Air Force) who joined the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve in June 1939 and trained as an observer. While on route to Malta in August 1940 his Blenheim crashed in Tunisia and he was subsequently interned for two and a half years by Vichy French in Tunisia and Algeria. After being freed he returned to Great Britain and after navigator retraining completed a tour of 30 operations on 100 Squadron. The collection contains letters to and from his parents and from French penfriends while interned in Tunisia and Algeria, newspaper cuttings of various events, logbooks and lists of operations, official documents and photographs. A further 23 items are in two sub-collections with details of navigator examinations and postcards of Laghouat Algeria.<br /><br />The collection has been loaned to the IBCC Digital Archive for digitisation by Elizabeth Smith and Yvonne Puncher and catalogued by Nigel Huckins.<br /> <p>This collection also contains items concerning Louis Murray and Harry Bowers. Additional information on <a href="https://internationalbcc.co.uk/losses/202827/">Harry Bowers</a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href="https://internationalbcc.co.uk/losses/220410/">Louis Murray</a> is available via the IBCC Losses Database.</p> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015-06-16 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. Some items have not been published in order to protect the privacy of third parties, to comply with intellectual property regulations, or have been assessed as medium or low priority according to the IBCC Digital Archive collection policy and will therefore be published at a later stage. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal, https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/collection-policy. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Hudson, JD Transcribed document A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Transcription Text transcribed from audio recording or document [telegram] [post mark] MEDEA 20-6-41 ALGER Best Birthday wishes from Calverley Hudson [page break] 20-5-41 755052 Sgt J. D Hudson Hôtel L’orient Medea Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Telegram to Douglas Hudson from his parents Description An account of the resource Best wishes for his birthday. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource P Hudson Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1941-05-20 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Printed telegram form Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Text. Correspondence Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context EHudsonP-HEHudsonJD410520 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Civilian Royal Air Force Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Algeria Algeria--Médéa (Province) North Africa Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1941-05-20 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Alan Pinchbeck prisoner of war https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/886/23836/EHudsonPHudsonJD410516-0001.2.jpg 8353663d01407389cd8636111f7f760e https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/886/23836/EHudsonPHudsonJD410516-0002.2.jpg 087e9e5aa1c8f006fa18cbdafdbc6251 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Hudson, Douglas James Douglas Hudson J D Hudson Description An account of the resource 529 items. Collection concerns Pilot Officer James Douglas Hudson, DFC (755052 Royal Air Force) who joined the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve in June 1939 and trained as an observer. While on route to Malta in August 1940 his Blenheim crashed in Tunisia and he was subsequently interned for two and a half years by Vichy French in Tunisia and Algeria. After being freed he returned to Great Britain and after navigator retraining completed a tour of 30 operations on 100 Squadron. The collection contains letters to and from his parents and from French penfriends while interned in Tunisia and Algeria, newspaper cuttings of various events, logbooks and lists of operations, official documents and photographs. A further 23 items are in two sub-collections with details of navigator examinations and postcards of Laghouat Algeria.<br /><br />The collection has been loaned to the IBCC Digital Archive for digitisation by Elizabeth Smith and Yvonne Puncher and catalogued by Nigel Huckins.<br /> <p>This collection also contains items concerning Louis Murray and Harry Bowers. Additional information on <a href="https://internationalbcc.co.uk/losses/202827/">Harry Bowers</a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href="https://internationalbcc.co.uk/losses/220410/">Louis Murray</a> is available via the IBCC Losses Database.</p> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015-06-16 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. Some items have not been published in order to protect the privacy of third parties, to comply with intellectual property regulations, or have been assessed as medium or low priority according to the IBCC Digital Archive collection policy and will therefore be published at a later stage. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal, https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/collection-policy. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Hudson, JD Transcribed document A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Transcription Text transcribed from audio recording or document [telegram] [post mark] MEDEA Nelson Ranci 27-70 22 15 13.21 Treasures safely housed again at 191 Halifax road nelson both well send all love = Phyllis Hudson [page break] 16-5-41 [indecipherable] 755052 Hudson Hotel d’Orient Medea Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Telegram to Douglas Hudson from his mother Description An account of the resource Announces move to Nelson complete. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource P Hudson Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1941-05-16 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Handwritten telegram form Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Text. Correspondence Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context EHudsonPHudsonJD410516 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Civilian Royal Air Force Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Algeria Algeria--Médéa (Province) Great Britain England--Lancashire England--Nelson North Africa Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1941-05-16 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Alan Pinchbeck prisoner of war https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/886/23835/EHudsonPHudsonJD410510-0001.2.jpg e0aba154362cbdff1d9d69c7e853567e https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/886/23835/EHudsonPHudsonJD410510-0002.2.jpg f28676be56e2afc0c7936226e1ee5bff Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Hudson, Douglas James Douglas Hudson J D Hudson Description An account of the resource 529 items. Collection concerns Pilot Officer James Douglas Hudson, DFC (755052 Royal Air Force) who joined the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve in June 1939 and trained as an observer. While on route to Malta in August 1940 his Blenheim crashed in Tunisia and he was subsequently interned for two and a half years by Vichy French in Tunisia and Algeria. After being freed he returned to Great Britain and after navigator retraining completed a tour of 30 operations on 100 Squadron. The collection contains letters to and from his parents and from French penfriends while interned in Tunisia and Algeria, newspaper cuttings of various events, logbooks and lists of operations, official documents and photographs. A further 23 items are in two sub-collections with details of navigator examinations and postcards of Laghouat Algeria.<br /><br />The collection has been loaned to the IBCC Digital Archive for digitisation by Elizabeth Smith and Yvonne Puncher and catalogued by Nigel Huckins.<br /> <p>This collection also contains items concerning Louis Murray and Harry Bowers. Additional information on <a href="https://internationalbcc.co.uk/losses/202827/">Harry Bowers</a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href="https://internationalbcc.co.uk/losses/220410/">Louis Murray</a> is available via the IBCC Losses Database.</p> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015-06-16 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. Some items have not been published in order to protect the privacy of third parties, to comply with intellectual property regulations, or have been assessed as medium or low priority according to the IBCC Digital Archive collection policy and will therefore be published at a later stage. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal, https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/collection-policy. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Hudson, JD Transcribed document A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Transcription Text transcribed from audio recording or document [telegram] [post mark] MEDEA 16-5-41 ALGER (Nelson) 415 35 9.5 1027 Received cable Thursday await further new removing furniture from Kestal to new home at 191 Halifax RD Nelson Lancs friday May 9th both well send all lovage = Phyllis Hudson. [page break] 10-5-41 Transradio 755052 Hudson Hotel d’orient Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Telegram to Douglas Hudson from his mother Description An account of the resource Notifies receipt of cable awaiting further. Mentions moving and supplies new address. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource P Hudson Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1941-05-10 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Handwritten telegram form Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Text. Correspondence Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context EHudsonPHudsonJD410510 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Civilian Royal Air Force Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Algeria Algeria--Médéa (Province) Great Britain England--Lancashire England--Nelson North Africa Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1941-05-10 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Alan Pinchbeck prisoner of war https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/281/24481/MJeffreyS1139581-160518-01.pdf 89962fe82428ba400b2c24d36686718c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jeffrey, Stanley Ernest Stanley Ernest Jeffrey Stanley E Jeffrey Stanley Jeffrey S E Jeffrey S Jeffrey Description An account of the resource 24 Items concerning Stanley Ernest Jeffrey (1139581 Royal Air Force) who served as a mechanic engineer groundcrew with 102 Squadron at RAF Topcliffe and RAF Pocklington. Collection contains air force documents, engineering course training notebooks, photographs of aircraft and people and includes two oral history interviews. The collection has been loaned to the IBCC Digital Archive for digitisation by Stanley Jeffrey and catalogued by Nigel Huckins Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2016-05-18 2016-06-13 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Jeffrey, SE Transcribed document A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Transcription Text transcribed from audio recording or document 1139581 A/C2 JEFFREY HUT H3 Rough Notes Richard 5th LEICESTER TIGERS [indecipherable words] [sketch] Senior Airman of H.3.g. Judge J Greg [page break] S. E. Jeffrey [indecipherable number] King Street Oadby Nr Leicester England. 1139581. A.C.2. JEFFREY. S.E. HUT. H.3. No3. (T) WING. R.A.F. St. ATHAN GLAMORGAN S. Wales THEN AND NOW G Checklin. [underlined] UPPERland [/underlined] Leicester “U. ENTRY” [underlined] TIGERS [/underlined] 5TH LEICESTERS 239TH BATTERY. [page break] [underlined] Automatic Boost Control [/underlined] [underlined] 1 [/underlined] [underlined][ indecipherable word][/underlined] June 28th Saturday [underlined] Morning [/underlined] Is a device fitted to an aircraft engine to automatically control boost pressure and so relieve the pilot of this responsibility. The device itself consists of an air tight chamber which is connected to the pressure side of the super charger. Anchored to the top of the chamber by means of a screwed spindle is a stick of [deleted] circulated [/deleted] evacuated capsules, these capsules are connected to a piston valve which moves in one direction or the other depending upon whether the aneroid expands or contracts under the influence of changes of pressure in the induction system. If the aneroid extends due to a reduction of press[missing letters] the piston valve is lowered and H.P. oil is permitted to enter the Servo Cylinder to the [underlined] Lower [/underlined] side of the Servo Piston which in turn is forced up in the cylinder. The Servo Piston is connected to toggle link work which is interposed between the throttle operating lever and the throttle and is arranged in such a way that when the piston rises the throttle is opened. Should the Induction pressure rise to [sic] high the [page break] [underlined] 2 [/underlined] aneroid contracts and oil pressure forces the [underlined] servo piston down [/underlined] and so closes the throttle. Boost Over riding Device From the foregoing it will be obvious that while the boost pressure is being maintained at normal by the automatic control, the power output of the engine will also be normal. In certain circumstances such as when taking off the pilot may wish to use the maximum power of which the engine is capable. To obtain this extra power the boost control must be [deleted] restet [/deleted] reset to give a [deleted] ligs [/deleted] slightly larger throttle swing. This is accomplished by a movement of a [missing letters]ver in the pilots cockpit which brings into operation a device known as boost overide. [sic] MIXTURE ENRICHING DEVICE In view of the increasing compression and expansion pressures, due to the larger throttle opening it is imperative that from 10% to 15% increase in mixture strength to supress [sic] detonation. The extra petrol required for this is supplied [page break] [underlined] 3 [/underlined] by a mixture enriching device which comes into [missing word] a few degrees before the boost overide [sic] [inserted] WITH [/inserted] which [inserted] it [/inserted] is connected. The extra petrol reaches the Induction system before the boost pressure increases thereby depressing detonation. [symbol] [underlined] MONDAY [/underlined] JUNE 30TH 1941 [underlined] DASH POT [/underlined] TO ELLIMINATE [sic] OSCALATIONS [sic] [underlined] AIR LEAK HOLE [/underlined] TO PREVENT OIL FROM GUMMING UP. [sketch] ADJUSTING OVERRIDING & ENRICHMENT DEVICES ON A 2 STAGE A.B.C. Connecting control rods and toggles etc. [sketch] [page break] 4 [underlined] MONDAY JUNE 30TH [/underlined] [underlined]Meaning. Servo piston connection [/underlined] This connecting rod should be rather on short [deleted] st [/deleted] side than too long otherwise servo piston will reach top of stroke before throttle is fully open. This will affect power output at altitude and will not be apparent when engine is running on the ground. Connecting throttle control rods A.V.T 85. M.B. [sketch] POSSIBLE DEFECTS OR FAILURE IF BOOST PRESSURE TOO [underlined] HIGH [/underlined] [underlined] 1 [/underlined] AIR LEAK [underlined] 2 [/underlined] ANROID [sic] PUNCTURED [symbol] [underlined] 3 [/underlined] STICKING PISTON VALVE (DOWN [underlined] 4 [/underlined] LOCKING NUT SLACK, ANEROID SPINDLE SCREWED DOWN [page break] [underlined] 5 [/underlined] [underlined] STILL JUNE 30TH [/underlined] BOOST PRESSURE, TOO [underlined] LOW [/underlined] [underlined] 1 [/underlined] FAILURE OF OIL SUPPLY [underlined] 2 [/underlined] STICKING PISTON VALVE (UP) [symbol] [underlined] 3 [/underlined] LOCKING NUT SLACK ANEROID SPINDLE SCREWED [underlined] UP [/underlined] ERRATIC BOOST PRESSURE POSSIBLE FAILURE LINK WORK CORRODED [sketch] DTH AIR COMPRESSOR WHEN Maximum ON THE 2 STROKE CYCLO OPERATION. DTD 109 OR DTD 72 EVERY 40 HR [page break] [underlined] 6 [/underlined] OIL TO [deleted] PREVENT [/deleted] MAKE BALL VALVE EFFECTIVE [underlined] JULY 1ST TUESDAY [/underlined] OIL USED DTD 72 EVERY 10 RUNNING HRS. IN THE SUMP OF THE OIL COMPRESSOR :- CASTOR OIL DTH AIR COMPRESSOR OPERATION :- ON 2 stroke principle piston ascends causing depression in crank-case atmospheric pressure forces inlet valve from seating crank-case is charged piston descends compresses air in crank-case and at bottom of stroke uncovers transferse [sic] ports through wich [sic] air enters cylinder rising piston then forces air through by-pass valve by a ball non-return valve and oil seal to air bottle. When the pressure in the bottle reaches its maximum permissable [sic] by-pass valve lifts and air is then by-passed to crank-case and the load on the compressor is [underlined] reduced. An oil seal [/underlined] is fitted in the pipe line so that a quantity of oil is carried back to the ball non-return valve thus effectively sealing it when the compressor is by-passing. [page break] [underlined] 7 [/underlined] POSSIBLE FAILURES. [underlined] 1 [/underlined] Leaking Pipe lines [underlined] 2 [/underlined] Inlet Valve [underlined] 3 [/underlined] BY-PASS-BALL-NON RETURN VALVE 4 CRANK-CASE JOINTS [symbol] [underlined] EXACTOR CONTROL [/underlined] A type of hydraulic control consisting of a transmitter unit having a hand operating lever, and a receiver unit having a lever which follows the first. Each unit consists of Rocker Assembly Spring Assembly, Piston & Cylinder. Connecting units together is a length of pipeline and the cistern is filled with a free flowing liquid which is kept under pressure by the action of the springs which oppose each other. Fluid tightness is by packing glands each gland containing a cup leather. A reservoir is fitted to the transmitter unit so that the cistern may be compensated for any variation in volume caused by changing temperatures, or slight leaks. A compensating valve is fitted between the reservoir and the cylinder and is brought into operation when the operating lever is moved to the [missing word] end of its [deleted] stroke [/deleted][inserted] travel [/inserted], piston being on the upward [missing words] [page break] [underlined] 8 [/underlined] [underlined] HYDRAULIC PUMPS FITTING TO ENGINE [/underlined] VICKERS — BRISTOL — DOWTY — LOCKHEED} Examine splines Lubricate where necessary Examine sealing rings or glands Use correct joint between moving flanges MECHANICAL REVOLUTION INDICATOR WEDNESDAY. 2ND JULY The weighted arm is driven round at speed proportional to that of the engine. The weights fly outwards as in the case of the ordinary steam engine governor and lift the sleeve”s” which take up a definite position for any given speed. The pointer of the instrument is operated by the sleeve through a toothed quadrant and pinion. [page break] 9 [sketch] [page break] [underlined] 10 [/underlined] [underlined] INSTRUMENTS [/underlined] All instruments are to be frequently examined for external defects (I.E broken glass loose connections, loose clips on tubing, leaks, and subjected periodically to calibration tests as laid down in flight maintainance [sic] orders or when the accuracy of the instruments is suspected. Radiator Thermometer (Transmitting type) The vapour pressure type is the one in common use. [deleted] Oil [/deleted][inserted] The whole [/inserted] system is sealed and is partially fitted with a volitile [sic] liquid ethyl ether. [underlined] Oil Temperature Thermometer [/underlined] (Transmitting type) The sealed system is completely filled with mercury. [underlined] Oil Pressure Guage [sic] [/underlined] (Transmitting type) The guage [sic] consists of a sealed system completely filled with ethyl alchohol, [sic] it is comprised of a bordon [sic] tube, capillarates [sic] & capsules. Capsule is contained in a flat cylindrical case adapted for fitting the endgine [sic] by means of a special hollow bolt and [deleted] some [/deleted] so mounted that the [page break] [underlined] 11 [/underlined] eterior [sic] of the capsule is in communication with the oil pressure system of the engine. Pressure of the oil on the capsule is transmitted by the liquid to the [deleted] burdon [/deleted][inserted] bourdon [/inserted] tube. Fuel Pressure Guage. [sic] (Direct type) The Fuel under pressure is conveyed direct to the bourdon tube by a small diameter pipe line. This pressure tends to straighten out the bourdon tube and so move the pointer on the dial. Fuel Pressure Guage [sic] (Transmitting type) Constructed on same line as oil pressure guage adopted for fitting in the fuel pressure system [underlined] Flexible drives for Revolution Indicators [/underlined] (Tachometer Drive) To enable Rev indicators to be driven in remote positions, the connection to the engine is by a flexible shaft running at 1/4 engine speed. The shaft is encased in a flexible brass sheath packed with grease for the purpose of lubrication. [underlined] Precautions. [/underlined] when fitting flexible drive make [missing word] [page break] 12 that it is adequately supported throughout its length. Have as few bends as possible and no bend less than 9” radius. [underlined] Fitting instruments. [/underlined] [underlined] 1 [/underlined] Always use brass screws [underlined] 2 [/underlined] Always fit washers or servo pads between instrument and panel. [underlined] 3 [/underlined] [indecipherable word] capillary tube must be coiled up to a diameter not less than 6” and clipped to the bulkhead in three places. [underlined] 4 [/underlined] Diameter of anti vibrating coil 1 1/4”. [underlined] 5 [/underlined] Secure capillary and tubing etc to adjacent parts using rubber packing at distances not exceeding 18” apart. Bezel [deleted] Collars [/deleted] Colours Orange or yellow indicate oil Blue indicate coolant temperatures Red indicates [deleted] oil [/deleted] Fuel Electrical Instruments Engine Cylinder Thermometer This is fitted to air cooled engines to provide the pilot with temperature of engine [page break] [underlined] 13 [/underlined] [sketch] cylinder. The thermo couple is suitable mounted to register an accurate temperature of the cylinder. The indicator itself is mounted on the instrument panel, and the two are connected electronically by means of a suitable compensating load. In action the apparatus depends on the fact that when two disimilar [sic] metals are joined together at both ends and heat is applied at one end [page break] [underlined] 15 [/underlined] generator to [indecipherable word]. The voltage generated is 1 volt per 100. R.P.M. Electrical Fuel [deleted] Condense [/deleted] contence [sic] Guage Is a device for indicating the amount of fuel in the tank by means of a pointer and dial on the instrument panel. A Float resting on the surface of the fuel in the tank determines the positions of a moving contact on a potentiometer, an electrical circuit is so arranged that the pointer follows the movement of the potentiometer arm and indicates on a scale the volume of the fuel in the tank. The instrument [deleted word] gives the tail down, and level flight reading [sketch] [page break] 16 Oil temperature guage Stainless Steel [underlined] 1 [/underlined] Use clips provided [underlined] 2 [/underlined] Check for zero error [underlined] 3 [/underlined] CONTACTS [inserted] LEADS [/inserted] CLEAN [underlined] 4 [/underlined] ON NO ACCOUNT MUST LEAD BE SHORTENED TO EFFECT REPAIR Engine cylinder thermometer Electrical Fuel Contains Guage Good Joint Make sure cork has full range [Jeffries signature] OIL TANKS ALUMINIUM WELDED Seams DURAL RIVETTED [sic] [page break] 14 called a thermo couple or hot junction a small emf is generated. The amount generated depends on the metals used (in this case copper on constant tin.) and the difference in temperature between hot and cold junction. The EMF generated does not exceed .02 volts. The instrument itself is graduated direct in degrees of centigrade [symbol] Electrical Engine Speed Indicator [symbol][inserted][underlined] NEXT [/underlined][/inserted] Is fitted to indicate the speed of the engine crankshaft in multi-engine aircraft where the engines are situated at distance from the instrument panel rendering the mechanical types in convenient, it also enables several indicator movements to be used side by side in one instrument case. The instrument consists of two units generator & the indicator the generator is a dynamo and the indicator a volt meter The generator is driven by a flexible shaft at 1/4 E.S. and the ratio stepped up in the [page break] 17 [underlined] Clarkes Viscosity Control Valve [/underlined] Visoty [sic] control valve is incorporated in the lubrication system of the engine and is fitted between scavenger pumps and oil tank. It controls, through the changing viscosity of the oil, the flow of the oil from engine direct to tank or from the engine via the cooler to the tank. It is essentially a viscosity valve, not a thermo control valve. [Jeffries signature] [underlined] Thermostat for liquid Cooled Engines [/underlined] A thermostat is fitted to liquid cooled aero engines to keep the engine warm under any [inserted] all [/inserted] conditions, to avoid severe internal stresses through sudden changes in temperatures. This is done by by passing the radiator so long as the coolant temperature is below a predetermined value and by graduall [sic] bringing the radiator into operation as the temperature rises. After a predetermined rise in temperature the full cooling capacity of the radiator is used. [underlined] Tests [/underlined] [underlined] 1 [/underlined] On starting engine when from cold the coolant [page break] 18 temperature should rise rapidly 850 centigrade and should remain steady. [underlined] 2 [/underlined] During flight temp should not fall more than 100 C below the opening temperature stamped on the Thermostat [underlined] Examination on Receipt [/underlined] Exam should be made to see that the radiator valve is fully closed and bypass is fully opened. Should the bypass be observed to be closed instrument is damaged and unserviceable Symptoms of Failure [underlined] 1 [/underlined] Engine warms up too slowly. [underlined] 2 [/underlined] Thermostat controling [sic] temperatures at very low value [underlined] 3 [/underlined] Big Flucuations [sic] of coolant temperatures during flight. Air Screws [inserted] The [/inserted] Airscrews fitted to the machine in order to convert the rotary motion of the engine in to tracktion [sic] force. Pitch of an A/S is the distance the A/S will travel forward [page break] [underlined] 19 [/underlined] in one rev assuming that there is no slip (measured in feet & inches) [underlined] Blade Angle [/underlined] B A varies from [underlined] Root to tip [/underlined] because the tip of the of the A/S travels faster than a point near the root of the Blade. The angle of the blade is greater near the root theoretically this distributes the thrust of the A/S evenly over the whole blade. [sketch] [sketch] Checking track of A/S Set machine in rigging position and place a pointer on a suitable stand so that the pointer is against the trailing edge of the A/S blade about 2/3 of its distance from the centre. Rotate the A/S through 1/2 a Rev taking care not to move the machine or the pointer, Check up any clearance [page break] [underlined] 20 [/underlined] between the pointer and the trailing edge if the clearance exceeds 5/16” the A/S should be removed. Static Balance July 4TH Owing to the fact that an airscrew is purely a rotating body care must be taken to ensure that the weight on one side of the axis is exactly the same within subscribed limits as the weight on [deleted] the weight [/deleted] on the opposite side. To check and adjust this an air-screw is statically balanced. Metal A/S (FIXED PITCH) The maximum balanced error allowed in the manufacture of metal A/Ss is 5”oz. Balance of a metal A/S should not change during use. Fitting A/S TO HUB The position of the hub in the boss must be carefully checked to ensure that it is concentric, this may be checked by [deleted] used [/deleted] feeler guages inserted between [underlined] hub [/underlined] and the [page break] [underlined] 21 [/underlined] boss. When tightening the hub bolts ensure that they are tightened gradually and evenly otherwise damage to the boss faces may result. [underlined] Fitting Gypsy A/S to Engine [/underlined] Turn engine C/S in DDR [deleted] slowly [/deleted][inserted] carefully [/inserted] until the impulse starter is heard to “click”. Fit hub to shaft in such a position that lower half of blade is between 4 and 5 o-clock [underlined] De Havilland Variable Pitch A/S [/underlined] [underlined] Mounting [/underlined] [underlined] 1 [/underlined] Remove the screw plug from the inside of the A/S shaft and clean out the oilway. [underlined] 2 [/underlined] Locate the rear cone (IF ANY) on the A/S shaft against the thrust nut. [underlined] 3 [/underlined] Clean the air screw shaft & A/S splines and smear with Whitmores Compound. [underlined] 4 [/underlined] With the cylinder head lock ring and cylinder head removed slide the A/S hub over the shaft to engage the splines or serations [sic] correctly and screw on the piston. Care should be taken to ensure that the threads engage correctly and that NO [page break] [underlined] 22 [/underlined] force is used to start the thread. [underlined] 5 [/underlined] Tighten the piston with the spanner, tommy bar and extension tools provided With the bar under [deleted] the [/deleted] load (800lbs torque) the tommy bar should be given a smart blow as [underlined] near as [/underlined] possible to the box spanner with the [underlined] hammer. [/underlined] [underlined] 6 [/underlined] Secure the piston with its lock-ring using the steel split-pins provided. [underlined] 7 [/underlined] Fit the cylinder head with its gasket making certain that the gasket rests squarely and is retained on the cylinder head, Secure the head with its lock-wire. 8 After an initial greasing with the pressure grease gun [inserted] run [/inserted] the engine for 2/3 mins with the blades in fine pitch, the A/S regreased & rerun up. This should be repeated until no more grease can be inserted. Change the pitch several times during running check for function. [underlined] Test [/underlined] After the first test flight and also at [page break] 23 the specified inspection periods the tightness of the A/S hub and piston on the shaft must be checked. [symbol] [underlined] TANKS [/underlined] Sheetsteel [sic] tell by ringing when struck Majority have filler heads fitted so that it is in a position to have adequate air space Aluminium & Dural corrosion Grey White ANTIVOLTEX DEVICE FITTED IN HEADER TANK TO PREVENT AIR-LOCKS Examinations should be carried out according to F/Maintenance Orders. 6lb PER [symbol]” COOLANT 1 1/2 to 2 lBs FUEL [page break] 24 [underlined] INSTALLATION [/underlined] EXTRACTION OF ENGINE FROM A/F [inserted] AFTER USING [/inserted] 230 FUEL ENGINE HAS TO BE THOROUGHLY CLEAN AND RUN UP FOR 20 MINS WITH [underlined] 224 [/underlined] Chock in front of wheels & behind. Jack, Balance the tail. Cowlings or A/S First Use dust cap provided after taking off A/S [underlined] 1 [/underlined] Oil, [underlined] 2 [/underlined] Fuel, or do one system at a time [underlined] 3 [/underlined] Throttle and other controls, 4 [underlined] Guage Corrections. [/underlined]. Tie [deleted] wire [/deleted] drives out of way. Slacken Bearer Bolts 1 turn at a time undo them diametrically opposite Preparing engine for Packing Remove Sparking Plugs Fit Blanking Plugs Spray with Anti Corrosive LLanolised [sic] oil When spraying have B.D.C on piston Blank off all unions with Blanking plugs, Clean engine down Give Anticorrosive “SOZOL” Keep away from Magneto, leads and covers. All bright [inserted] metal [/inserted] parts covered with Yellow Grease On airscrew [inserted] shaft [/inserted] use oiled paper or oiled rag if no rust cap is avaible, [sic] [page break] 25 If engine is storage for any length of time turn engine over once a week [symbol] Get the appropriate packing case and store in cool, dry, place marking box [deleted] with [/deleted] indicating the position of engine [underlined] Removing engine from Packing Case [/underlined] Checking list, Packing Note, Check Mags Prepair [sic] Engine for Installation when in stand Remove Llanolised [sic] oil from cylinders & [inserted] contact breaker [/inserted] & Gap Remove Blanking Plugs & Fit Correct Plugs Check HT LEADS. Check for Continuity – Lamp & Battery Ignition and all covers TEST HT [inserted] LEADS [/inserted] WITH A MESSER Check TAPPET Clearances Rocker Gear Check everything Prepare A/F to receive engine. Chocks in front of wheels & behind Ballast [deleted] into [/deleted] tail Check Bearer Plate Check controls coming through bulkhead Check for continuity of switch leads H.S. magneto gap. Renew rubber joint washers if defective. Check joints for security and also locking devices Get engine in correct sling [page break] 26 and correct position and tighten Bearer Bolts diametrically opposite Fit instruments dont damage capillary tube tachometer drive. Check Set Gated throttle after Ground test Check up Plug leads [underlined] Put nose into wind [/underlined] Pull control column towards rear of plane take out fire equipment If engine has been in storage for long time prime it with warm oil Start up engine and look at 1st Oil Pressure Guage 2 Stop engine and look at Joints etc after the number of Revs laid down Magnetos when 1 is turned off the drop in Revs should not be more than APPROX 3% Set Gated throttle Procedure adopted to Stopping Engine 1 Turn off main fuel supply Close throttle down switch off [inserted] mags [/inserted] and operate Cut off If fitted with CUT-OFF service [page break] [underlined] 27 [/underlined] 1 Turn off fuel 2 Close throttle when engine is running irregular Switch off Mags In case of fire DO NOT switch off [deleted] mgn [/deleted] magnetos Turn off fuel and open throttle PIPES Rigid metal Pipes Copper Piping Supplied fully connected must be bent in its cold state Always use a filler and plug ends up Not to be bent more than once as they are subjected to age hardened Always use bending machine Stainless Steel Always bent to shape ready for fitting. Light Alloy [underlined] Chief purpose [/underlined] where lightness is main consideration. Can be used for conduct air vents [underlined] Tungem [/underlined] [inserted] varnish [/inserted] Use bending machine must not be bent more than once, Used on Coolant Systems where Ethylene Glycol is used [page break] 28 Joints Fit nipple in end of pipe [sketch] Collar champhered [sic] and provides a good sealing [swketch] ALL METAL Remove from the belled out portion of the pipe to the [deleted] collar [/deleted] edge of the collar 1/32 – 1/64 Standard Union Advantage attaching pipe to fixed members [page break] 29 Before locking joints test with fuel Stop one end of the pipe fit a Non Return Valve and apply pressure of approx 20lbs [symbol]” Rubber Joints Petrol resisting Rubber Dipped in tin Prevents rubber from sticking to pipe also corroding. (Stainless Steel paint with Air Drying Varnish) Beading prevents sharp edge from digging into rubber. Also prevents Rubber from slipping about Bonding is a means whereby all metal parts or components are bonded together to cause 1 common earth Rubber Joint Two Pipes Belled out ([underlined] Olive [/underlined]) According to the diameter of the pipe so that depth of entry varies [page break] 20 ROYAL AERONAUTICAL [deleted] ENGINEER [/deleted] Establishment [sketch] [page break] [underlined] Setting up of Controls [/underlined] [underlined] 29 [/underlined] Lever in fully forward position Insert .002” feeler between Throttle butterfly & stop. Leave a clearance between the full movement of throttle. [deleted] Rod & [/deleted] Fork ends have a safety hole if it is prevented from going through it is considered safe [underlined] Setting of Gated Throttle [/underlined] Barometer reads in inches of mercury Standard pressure 29.9 = 14.7. Between -2lb [symbol]” reading on the guage +2 the degree of error is 1% or 1/8 of 1lb per [symbol]”. -2 -4 and +2 +4 degree of error is 2% or 1/4lb per [symbol]” 14.2/14.7 x 29.9 [underlined] Checking Lubber Line [/underlined] Obtain Barometer Pressure [inserted] of the day and [/inserted] is 29.9 convert to lbs [symbol]” / 2.04 Check reading of guage by this Take g/p out and run up everything in best running condi [sic] 1 Loosen Gate & slide fully forward Boost Pressure at gate +1lb pressure for the day [deleted word] 1/2. [page break] 32 Open throttle until boost guage reads +1/2 Mark throttle quadrant and slide back throttle. To check Open throttle to mark made and check Guage if Correct lock Gate Check position of lubber line. look up book for Maximum Permissable [sic] Boost. [underlined] 1 [/underlined] FUEL RED [underlined] 2 [/underlined] OIL BLACK [underlined] 3 [/underlined] COOLANT BLUE [underlined] 4 [/underlined] COMPRESSED AIR YELLOW [underlined] 5 [/underlined] HYDRAULIC WHITE [underlined] 6 [/underlined] AUTOMATIC CONTROLS BROWN [underlined] 7 [/underlined] ENGINE STARTING GREEN Flexible Pipes PETROFLEX - FUEL ONLY Internal Bonding wire layer of Horse [inserted] Hay [/inserted] Gut oil will attack Horse gut and it will expand Double wrapping of unproofed cotton fabric varnished, outer spiral, primary support Outer bonding wire Identified by Brass Tag, Maximum life of 3 years also Bonding wire & 2 Hexagon Nuts [page break] [underlined] 33 [/underlined] Super FLEXIT FUEL & OIL Consists of internal wire bonding then a lair [sic] of unprofeed [sic] cotton fabric double lair [sic] of cellulose film 2 layers of inproofed [sic] cotton fabric. A rubber sheaf over that lair [sic] of inproofed [sic] cotton fabric which is then varnished oil spiral wire on metal braided Marked round thimble at Avioflexus – Oil System fairly heavy pressure Consists of [inserted] flexible [/inserted] metal sheath & Cellulose film rubber sheath heavy metal braiding incorporated in that is the bonding. Duroflex - HYDRAULIC System Heavier built than Avioflex Silvoflex Fuel, oil, and also Hydraulic System Consists of oil resisting tube, High tensile steel wire reinforcement braided cotton reinforcement on the outside of that oil & weather resisting tube. [page break] 34 MIDDLEBROOK MIDDL Jubilee Clips Double Band Gas Starter System. COCK TO KI-GASS PRIMING PUMP COCK TO ATOMISER OR PRIMING SYSTEM DRAIN COCK ATOMISER MIDDLEBROOK ATOMISER OIL SEAL GAS DISTRIBUTOR MASTER COCK [sketch] [page break] SEE YOU’VE GOT SUFFICIENT COMPRESSED AIR. MASTER COCK OPEN. TURN ON FUEL TURN ON C DIRECTS FUEL TD. NOTE BOOST PRESSURE +1LB. [sketch] [page break] BORE 2” LENGTH OF STROKE 7” [mathematical calculations] [page break] 100 CENT – 212 FAR 0 – 32 INSTALLATION (LIQUID COOLED) FARHENITE [sic] to Centigrade Minus -32 x 5/9 -32 x 5/9 Centigrade to Farhenite [sic] 9/5 + 32 FARENHEIT. [calculation] [page break] [underlined] FLAMELESS HEATER [/underlined] [underlined] Description [/underlined] The flameless heater is a small portable device designed to provide by means of slow combustion of liquid fuel a certain amount of heat without the existence of a naked flame. In cold cold weather this heat is utilised to keep warm various aeroplane components, such as pipe lines, all tanks, and also portable oil tanks to may also be used to prevent condensation of moisture on the instruments on the cockpit and cabin. [underlined] Operation [/underlined] Fill resovoir [sic] with filtered Aviation fuel D.T.D. 224 to no circumstances is a fuel containing lead D.T.D. 230 is to be used. [underlined] Lighting [/underlined] Saterate [sic] the centre compartments of each group on the ignitor with methylated spirits, Covert [sic] the ignition and place it on the [deleted] catylletic [/deleted] [page break] catalytic grid then ignite[deleted]s[/deleted] the spirit when the spirit has burned out, the heater will be functioning and the ignition can be removed. This heat will be maintained at least 45 hours with each filling. To Extinguish Place the extinguisher on the catalytic grid which will exclude the air, the heater will then cease to function [page break] [sketch] [page break] [underlined] GREWINER FIRE EXTINGUISHER [/underlined] Its purpose is to put out fires in the engine compartments if a crash occurs and to enable fires to be extinguished in flight or if the A/C over turns if making a forced landing. The extinguishing medium used is pure methyl bromide contained in copper bottles under an high pressure. When this fluid is discharged it immediately evaporates with an [deleted] immediate [/deleted][inserted] intense [/inserted] cooling effect. The engine is sprayed with the fluid so that the hot metal parts become instantly reduced in heat below the ignition point of petrol and the fire is instantly smothered. The grewiner system is operated by 3 simple switches [underlined] 1 [/underlined] [underlined] The crash switch [/underlined] which operates immediatly [sic] the a/c crashes [underlined] 2 [/underlined] [underlined] Gravity switch [/underlined] [inserted] operated [/inserted] when an aircraft inadvertently turns over in landing [underlined] 3 [/underlined] [underlined] Flame operated switch [/underlined] which comes into action when the temperature around it reach 1500 centigrade. The push button control enables the pilot to flood his engine compartments with methyl bromhide [sic] before an expected crash [page break] Advantages [underlined] 1 [/underlined] A heavier load can be taken off with the same power. [underlined] 2 [/underlined] Operation height reached more quickly [underlined] 3 [/underlined] Small aerodromes may be used with safety) Word. [underlined] 4 [/underlined] Extra power used for its most directly used for [underlined] 5 [/underlined] Aircraft is equally efficient at ground level and altitudes Disadvantage [underlined] 1 [/underlined] Extra Weight Concise description of V.P. To adapt the power available to the variable conditions of loads NOTE When pilot lands pitch should be fine as a safety precaution but before switching off pitch should be [deleted] fine [/deleted] altered to coarse (for remove) [sketch] Oil Coolers. [underlined] 1 [/underlined] Function of an oil cooler Modern areo [sic] engines develop high powers and are extensively cooled to reduce head resistance to the aeroplane. This tends to cause the lubricating oil to become overheated [page break] and so neccesitates [sic] the introduction of an [sic] cooling device in the oil line. POSITION IN SYSTEM Between engine savenger [sic] [inserted] oil [/inserted] pump and oil tank, Oil coolers employed on aeroplanes are are [sic] cooled and are generally mounted in the slipstream of the airscrew. A/M TYPE A 325 COOLER Description The main members of the cooler are a number of fins assembled on 2 parallel connecting tubes the fins being separated from one another by means of intermediate spacing rings. An odd number of fins are employed because oil flows through the fins in series and must emerge at the outlet connection which is situated on the side opposite to that of the inlet [page break] Inhibiting [underlined] Anti corrosive treatment [/underlined] D.T.D. 230 Engines which have been run on leaded fuel Before storage the engine cylinders should be sprayed internally with an inhibitting [sic] fluid known as E.G. 174. The amount of fluid used varies with the size of the cylinders [deleted] wil [/deleted] between 5 – 25 cc per cylinder. The spraying is carried out through the plug holes with the piston at B.D.C thereafter the engine should not be turned during storage if it should be it must be reinhibited Inhibitting [sic] must be carried out every 6 months The sump should be partially filled with llanolised [sic] oil the quantity varying as laid down in the makers hand book. In the case of an inline engine with an O.C.S Remove cam shaft cover and coat with llanolised [sic] oil [deleted] engine [/deleted] Engines which have been run on DTD 224 Into each cylinder llanolised [sic] oil is injected with a syringe [page break] [table] [page break] Cleaning Oil filters Clean fuel filter with Lead free petrol 1200 FAR 400 C [table showing maintenance schedule] [page break] SECTION OF MAINTENANCE SCHEDULES SEC TYPE OF INSPECTION I BETWEEN FLIGHTS DAILY SUB SECTION B FLT MECH (E) WHEN CARRIED OUT BETWEEN EVERY FLIGHT EVERY 24 HOURS UNLESS I MINOR INSPECTIONS DUE II MACHINE IS U/S III MACHINE DOES NOT FLY IN WHICH CASE DI MAY BE UP TO 7 DAYS BUT MUST HAVE DI NOT MORE THAN 24 HOURS BEFORE FLYING - AT LEAST EVERY 7 DAYS WHETHER IT FLYS OR NOT SEC II SUB SECTION B FLT MECH (E) MINOR – EVERY 30 or 40 HRS MAJOR AFTER EVERY 8TH PERIOD OF 30 OR 40 HOURS I.E EVERY 240 OR 320 HRS [page break] [table] VARIATIONS OF THE PERIODICITY OF OPERATIONS IN MINOR INSPECTIONS ARE TO BE INDICATED BY STARS (*) AS FOLLOWS UNSTARRED – OPERATIONS TO BE DONE AT EACH MINOR INSPECTION * – OPERATIONS TO BE DONE AT ALTERNATE MINOR INSPECTION ** – OPERATIONS TO BE DONE AT EACH 3RD MINOR INSPECTION *** – OPERATIONS TO BE DONE AT EACH 4TH MINOR INSPECTION [page break] Includes Tappet Clearances VOL I [inserted] Engine [/inserted] DESCRIPTIVE HAND BOOK PART I VOL II GEN MODIFICATIONS PART II VOL II FITS & CLEARANCES PART III VOL II FOR REPAIRS VOL III SPARE PARTS D.P. 113 [calculations] Engine Log Book Yellow – Certificate S and C. Blue – Repair Log Pink – Modification Log White – Chronological Log F. MG. Section 1.B Daily Inspection & Between Flights Minor Repairs [page break] IN A MAINTENANCE CYCLE OF 240 HOURS WITH THE MINOR INSPECTIONS AT 30 HRS INTERVALS, THE SCHEDULE WILL OPERATE AS FOLLOWS. 1ST MINOR INSPECTION – UNSTARRED OPERATIONS 2ND MINOR INSPECTION – UNSTARRED AND 1* OPERATIONS 3RD MINOR INSPECTION – UNSTARRED AND 2* OPERATIONS 4TH MINOR INSPECTION – UNSTARRED AND 1* AND 3* OPERATIONS 5TH MINOR INSPECTION – UNSTARRED OPERATIONS 6TH MINOR INSPECTION – AND 1* AND 2** OPERATIONS 7TH MINOR INSPECTION – OPERATIONS 8TH MAJOR INSPECTIONS IN A MAINTENANCE CYCLE OF 320 HOURS WITH THE MINOR INSPECTIONS AT 40 HOUR INTERVALS THE SAME SYSTEM OF STARRING WILL OBTAIN ADDITIONAL OPERATIONS NOTED IN THE SUPPLEMENTARY INSPECTION RECORD ARE TO BE DONE AT THE APPROPIATE [sic] PERIOD [page break] GROUND SIGNALS A VARIETY OF SIGNS HAVE BEEN PROVIDED, WHICH, WHEN LAID OUT IN ACCORDANCE WITH INSTRUCTIONS FORM A GUIDE IN THE AIR. THESE SIGNS ARE INTERPRETED IN THE FOLLOWING MANNER:- (A.) SIGNAL AREA A 42FT., WHITE HOLLOW SQUARE SITUATED OUT-SIDE THE WATCH OFFICE. INSIDE IT ARE DISPLAYED THE VARIOUS SIGNALS TO MACHINES IN THE AIR. [sketch]A. (B) RED SQUARE (10FT SIDES). DISPLAYED IN THE SIGNAL AREA. INDICATES THAT THE AERODROME IS NOT OPEN TO PRIVATE AIRCRAFT. (C) A RIGHT - HANDED RED ARROW IN THE FORM OF A RIGHT-ANGLE. WHEN PLACED ON THE TOP L.H CORNER OF THE SIGNAL AREA. IT INDICATES THAT A R.H CIRCUIT IS TO BE MADE BEFORE LANDING, OR AFTER TAKING OFF. NO SIGNAL IS DISPLAYED FOR NORMAL L.H. CIRCUITS. AT STATIONS WHERE THE CIRCUIT IS VARIABLE, THE DIRECTION IS INDICATED TO THE GROUND STAFF BY GREEN AND RED FLAGS HOISTED ON THE DUTY PILOTS MAST. RED FOR L.H. GREEN FOR R.H. [sketch]C. (D) A YELLOW DIAGONAL CROSS. THIS SIGNAL, IN THE FORM OF A YELLOW X IS SUPERIMPOSED ON THE RED SQUARE (B) TO INDICATE THAT ALL LANDING IS PROHIBITED. D[sketch] (E) A YELLOW DIAGONAL, PLACED FROM THE BOTTOM L.H CORNER TO THE TOP R.H. CORNER OF THE RED SQUARE (IN PLACE OF THE X ABOVE, SHOWS THAT TEMPORARY OBSTRUCTIONS EXIST AND THAT SPECIAL CARE MUST BE TAKEN WHEN LANDING. E. [sketch] [page break] (F) LANDING DIRECTION T. [sketch]S. A WHITE T DISPLAYED DURING LIGHT OR VARIABLE WINDS. IT SNOWS [sic] THE PRECISE DIRECTION FOR LANDING AND TAKING OFF. USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH: THIS IS THE BLACK BALL (G) AT THE MAST WHICH INDICATES TO PILOTS ON THE GROUND THAT THE T IS IN USE. WHEN THESE SIGNALS ARE IN USE THE SLEEVE WIND INDICATOR AND ANY SMOKE-TYPE INDICATORS ARE TO BE IGNORED. WHITE HOLLOW SQUARE (H) THIS IS FORMED FROM 4 STRIPS 8’ 6” BY 1’ 4”, TO INDICATE THAT BOMBING AND DIVING PRACTICE ON AERODROME TARGETS IS IN PROGRESS. THE ACTUAL TARGET IS A SOLID SQUARE 15’ BY 15’ [sketch]H. (1) RED G ON A WHITE TRIANGLE 12’ SIDES, SHOWS THAT THE AERODROME HAS BEEN SUBJECTED TO A GAS ATTACK. AIR-CRAFT MAY LAND, BUT MUST TAXY TO WIND-WARD SIDE OF ‘DROME TO AWAIT FURTHER INSTRUCTIONS, [sketch]I [circled D] RED G WITH BAR BENEATH, ON A WHITE TRIANGLE SHOWS THAT THE AERODROME HAS BEEN SUBJECTED TO A GAS ATTACK; AIR-CRAFT ARE NOT TO LAND. [sketch]J [page break] A WHITE CROSS, AS IN THE SKETCH (K) OR A RED BALL AT THE MAST INDICATES PARACHUTE - DROPPING IS IN PROGRESS. [sketch]K 4) YELLOW PYRAMID AT THE MAST:- WARNS PILOTS THAT THEY MUST AVOID TAXYING ACROSS THE LANDING BEACON. (LORENZ BEAM). [sketch]L RECALL SIGNALS. THESE ARE WHITE T - PIECES WITH WHITE DISCS AS ARRANGED IN SKETCH [underlined] 1 [/underlined] LOCAL RECALL. ALL AIRCRAFT OF THAT STATION TO RETURN HOME. [underlined] M [/underlined][sketch] 1 [underlined] 2 [/underlined] GENERAL RECALL. ALL AIRCRAFT TO RETURN TO THEIR OWN STATION. [sketch] 2 [underlined] 3 [/underlined] GENERAL RECALL. ALL AIR-CRAFT TO LAND AT NEAREST AERODROME. [sketch] 3. [page break] TWO WHITE DISCS JOINED BY A WHITE BAR. O[sketch] THIS INDICATES THAT THE AERODROME SURFACE IS UNSERVICEABLE EXCEPT FOR THE PERMANENT RUNWAYS. MARKINGS TO INDICATE BAD PATCHES OF GROUND ON THE AERODROME BAD PATCHES OF GROUND OR TEMPORARY OBSTRUCTIONS ARE ENCLOSED BY WHITE L-PIECES WITH A WHITE CROSS PLACED ON THE UNSERVICEABLE PART. TO ASSIST PILOTS WHO ARE TAXYING, THESE MARKS ARE SUPPLEMENTED BY STRIPS OF WHITE CANVAS ATTACHED TO SHORT STAKES SET AT INTERVALS AROUND THE AREA CONCERNED. [sketch] [page break] Mays 9d Edwards 2/- Ponting 6’2 Phillips 6 1/2 Mullineaux 6’2 Jones 1/- McFadyen 9d Welsh 6 1/2 Theabold 6’2 Graham 1/- Rankine 1/- Relph 1/-1/2 Chattington 1/- Cameron 1/- Leithes 6 1/2 Reid 1/- Hayes 9d Ormerod 2/ 1/2 Drummond 9d Williams 6 1/2 Gils 3/6d Livvy 9d Lubricants Types. Types. Where Used Greases ANTI-FREEZE HINGES, BALL-ROLLER-BEARINGS HIGH MELTING POINT. REAR C B unit(pivot), RADIAL VALVES ASSEMBLY ANTIFREEZE KESTREL COOLANT PUMP SILROLENE MERLIN COOLANT PUMP VP.(Heavy) MOBILE GREASE VP. A/SH NORMAL WEATHER CONDITIONS VP(LIGHT) MOBILE GREASE 2. VP/A/SH COLD WEATHER CONDITIONS OIL. FLUSHING CLEANING OIL TANKS. CASTOR TEST BENCH RUNNING CASTOR DTD. 72. TREATED OIL SEALS AIR COMPRESSOR MINARAL [sic] SUMMER ENGINE LUBRICATION MINARAL [sic] D.T.D 109 WINTER ANTI-FREEZE CONTROL EXACTOR CONTROL. COMPOUND LANOLENE METAL A/S BLADES WHITMORES A/S SPLINES GRAPHITE GREASE [symbol] [page break] [blank page] [page break] [sketch] [page break] THE HUMBLE FLIGHT MECH THE LORDS OF THE AIR THEY CALL US THEY SPEAK OF OUR GLORIOUS FAME ON THE FRONT PAGE OF EVERY NEWSPAPER TELLS US OF SOME PILOTS NAME CONNECTED WITH DEEDS OF VALOUR PERFORMED ON THE AZURE BLUE THE USUALS THE HEINKELS OR DORNIER CRASHING TO EARTH IN TWO ONE CHAP WHO GETS NO MEDALS YOU NEVER HERE [sic] HIS NAME HE DOESN’T FLY IN THE PALE BLUE SKY OR POSE FOR THE NEWS IN A PLANE HIS JOB CANNOT BE CALLED ROMANTIC SO HE’S NOT IN THE PUBLIC EYE BUT YOUR HEROES CANT DO WITHOUT HIM I WILL TELL [underlined] YOU [/underlined] THE REASON WHY HE’S UP AT THE BREAK OF DAWN HE’S THERE WHEN THE TWILIGHT FALLS PULLING HIS WEIGHT TO KEEP HIS CRATE READY FOR ALL THAT BREAKS SO THE NEXT TIME YOU SEE A PICTURE OF A PLANE AND A FLYING CREW REMEMBER THE GUY WHO KEEPS IT ALL ALOFT ALTHOUGH HE [underlined] MAY [/underlined] BE AN A.C.2, SO THE NEXT TIME YOU PRAISE A PILOT AS THE ENEMY FALLS IN A WRECK JUST THINK OF THE GUY YOU DO NOT SEE YOURS TRULY A HUMBLE FLIGHT MECH. [page break] [blank page] [page break] [sketch] [page break] [calculations] [page break] A/B Item inspected & found serviceable SJ Item inspected found defective & rectified X SJ Item inspected found serviceable airman removed from inspection [underlined] SJ [/underlined] Item inspected found defective airman removed from inspection X [underlined] SJ [/underlined] Item inspected found defective rectified and airman removed from inspection X [underlined] SJ [/underlined] SJ [sketch] [page break] [sketch] S Jeffrey & Jeffrey Middlebrook LEEDHAM Stanley Jeffrey C Moys Leedham S.E. Jeffrey Senior Airman of H.3. assisted by [indecipherable word][underlined] Woods, [/underlined] J. Webb & his otto cycle. F, Sharpe & his javelin & F. Omerod the human split pin. [page break] Angle of centre punch ground to 600 because drill is Pin punch is measured in diameter of smallest end [underlined] Chisels [/underlined] Diamond Point Flat chisel, Round nose straight, Round nose Curved, Side Chisel [deleted] Straight [/deleted] Flat General (Diamond Point used for getting into corners or oil groves [sic]) Round Nosed curved chisel used for cutting oilways on a convex surface Sraight [sic] Round nose used for oilways Cross pane ball pane Straight Pane Hide face hamers [sic] Hacksaws 2 kinds of blades Corse [sic] 14 to 18 fine 20 - 26 Dividers loose accuracy after 900 Marking off table Cast seasoned, machined scraped to truth by comparison with a known surface [page break] DRILLS. FLAT, SPEARHEAD COUNTER-BORING STRAIGHT FLU[missing letters] TWIST DRILL [underlined] BOTTOMING DRILL Countersinking used with V Block – Stirrup Clamp [/underlined] Copper Sulphate for marking off metals [sketch] Divide the diameter into as many number of sides [sketch] Reamers [inserted] types [/inserted] Solid 2 shaft expanding High Carbon Steel Twist drill 1300 cutting angle of 7/120 clearance angle 590 cutting edge is not a precision instrument High Speed drill made of Tungsten Drilling at angle on sheet metal one straight [indecipherable word] [sketch] [sketch] [page break] Brass nothing or f Aluminium Pariffin [sic] Tool Steel Pariffin [sic] Mild steel none or Spray Water White Metal None Reamer Straight flated Parallel fixed blade expands blades in middle .004.02 detachable blade 3/32” Taper Reamer for Taper Pin [sketch] TAPER TAP 5 full threads 2” [deleted] 2ND [/deleted] [inserted] first [/inserted] 5 tapered Plug tap H. C steel Die nut used for cleaning threads [sketch] [page break] Studs and the removal [deleted] of [/deleted] of use stud extractor space left for absorbing vibration Fits & Clearances. A fit is drill only B fit is drilled & reamed Push fit, Running Force Shrink Driving Tolerance Limits Allowance Limit as High or Low as is limited Allowance Margin allowed in workmanship to obtain a closest fit Newhall Standard table Tempering PY SC BY LP LB DB Normalising cool as slow as possible Annealing Cool in non-conducting medium [inserted] Internal [indecipherable word] Hot Lime, Sand pushes on Wood Charcoal [/inserted] Case Hardening Drill Rod and dip it into a case hardening mixture. Dark Purple – Straw Identification of Steels Tungsten Red Spark HTS. Bright Yellow Spark Coarse Grain Wrought Cast Mild Steel Fine Grain Magnetic Test Steel Copper Sulphate [page break] Engines. I.H.P Power developed in cylinder. BHP is Power developed at A/S shaft Combustion = Rapid [deleted] burning [/deleted] Uniting of oxygen Internal Combustion where combustion takes place inside the cylinder inertia = Resistance to Motion Early Realese [sic] of gases prevents overheating [sketch] Lift HP 33000LBs per ft per minute PLAN + N 33,000 Mean Effective Pressure Length of stroke in [indecipherable word] Area in of [symbol]” cylinder Number of Working Stroke & Compression [inserted] Ratio [/inserted] [deleted] Amount [/deleted] of Ratio of BHP/I.H.P B1 between the total volume of the cylinder and the clearance chamber. S.V. + CV/CV Volumetric Efficiency Total Volume [missing word] in the cylinder at N.T.P. [page break] Volumetric Efficiency Ratio of Volume of gas drawn in the cylinder at N.T.P against the total volume of the cylinder at B.DC [symbol] Crankshaft N.C.S Point to note lightness & lubrication Gypsy Flipper Kestrel Pegasus [deleted] NCM [/deleted] [inserted] ANB [/inserted] seats can use 90-91 NCM 910 used Lubrication Mineral oil is a stable Pegasus, TANK, MAIN INLET FILTER TO. P.P. P.C, various ducts to TS. RC, [deleted] PCW [/deleted] 2 holes TS Supercharger RB on F.B.g. R.W.C.P. [deleted] down F.V. [/deleted] holes in CP feeds the BE of M.R. feeds the wrist pins, feeds C.W By Splash 3 flats on [page break] [underlined] 16/40 [/underlined] 20 P.P Pc [underlined] Components [/underlined] Imulsifies [sic] the fuel, [underlined] 2 [/underlined] gives correct air/fuel mixture ratio over range of its ratio [underlined] 3 [/underlined] Slight reserve for acceleration [two indecipherable words] Hobson [calculations] Condenser In between Primary Contact Breaker to bring about a more rapid collapse of the Primary Circuit To minimise arching at [deleted] cont [/deleted] points. CB [deleted] situated [/deleted] Terminal point to earth The wire [page break] Magneto Anvatages [sic] [doodlings] Sunday Morning Leave Magneto Disadvantages Dampness No Timing [indecipherable word] PW Check CBP FA Mag Turn Rotor Brush to cylinder which is going to fire. Centrifugal force forces it into position 1 Remove Spinner if fitted. 2 Remove the spring draw bolt nut lock wire, nut and joint washer 3 Remove cylinder head lock wire cylinder head & gasket 4 Remove the lock wire from the piston head locking screws Unscrew the locking screw remove the lock screw-washer. [underlined] 5 [/underlined] Unscrew piston head and with draw the draw bolt, bucket & springs 6 Remove the 3 split pins which secure the piston lock ring. [underlined] 7 [/underlined] Unscrew the piston with special spanner & tommy Bar provided. This operation [page break] will pull the A/S from the rear cone as soon as it is felt to be loose the weight should be taken by a rope sling already reeved round to [sic] of the blades. [underlined] 8 [/underlined] Pull A/S clear of shaft [underlined] 9 [/underlined] Using the 3RD blade as a lever to turn the A/S into the horizontal position lower the A/S onto a groundsheet. 10 Replace the dust plug into the A/S shaft. B 1 42 635 A 6 35 142 [sketch] [page break] [sketch] [page break] RN P S.C. DIV CC [deleted] Why do we a [/deleted] To [deleted] increase [/deleted] advance ignition because of Round Nose [inserted] Pliers [/inserted] Die Nut Anti voltex Device Tappet Clearance Power jet [indecipherable word] Round Nosed Pliers. Tabular Work Side Chisel for chipping out vertical drives on keyways. Cross Cut Chisel Cutting Rectangular Groves [sic] Crosspane [sketch] [calculations] [page break] 1 How to check tappet clearances. Rotate Crank/S to P.6. 1.Q just be able to nip a .005” feeler between the cam & Rocker arm & rotate Crank/S 600 that would bring you to B.1. 10 repeat same operation then run of [sic] the rest in firing order to [deleted] .020 [/deleted] [inserted] .035” [/inserted] [underlined] How to fill a machine with coolant. [/underlined] First see machine tail is on the ground. Wind the radiator to its lowest level ensuring that the drain plug is screwed up & locked open all vent cocks [deleted] po [/deleted] pour in the header tank until coolant runs out lowest cocks closing [inserted] each [/inserted] in turn as the coolant runs out of each, fill up header tank fit back filler cap, wind up radiator run up engine as laid down in the aeroplane hand book for [deleted] warmin [/deleted] running up. Stop engine and top up. Run engine up again, while engine is running wind the radiator to its highest point when coolant reaches correct temperature stop engine. [inserted] Check tappet clearance on [indecipherable word][/inserted] Find the highest dwell by getting P.P.I No1 cylinder compression set tappet .L Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Stanley Jeffrey's mechanical engineer course notes Description An account of the resource Handwritten notes include: boost controls, various valves, rev counter, engine installation, heaters, fire extinguishers, oil filter maintenance and aerodrome ground signals. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource S E Jeffrey Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1941-06 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Cover and 76 page lined notebook Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Text. Training material Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context MJeffreyS1139581-160518-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Royal Air Force Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Great Britain Wales--Vale of Glamorgan England--Leicestershire England--Oadby and Wigston Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1941-06 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Alan Pinchbeck Peter Bradbury ground crew ground personnel training https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/2377/42727/MHowardHF1158144-210821-050001.jpg 4016532f32e2e9553eecfa19aeca6fa1 https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/2377/42727/MHowardHF1158144-210821-050002.jpg 1027c956895cdddb6ae86088d6bc4f46 https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/2377/42727/MHowardHF1158144-210821-050003.jpg 761df1dc87bd4dd48bb222bcce618b5c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Howard, Henry Francis Description An account of the resource 70 items. The collection concerns Corporal Henry Howard (b. 1916, 1158144 Royal Air Force) and contains an album, theatrical programmes and photographs. He served at RAF Halton and RAF Waddington and produced several variety shows.<br /> <br />The collection includes <a href="https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/collections/show/2482">one album with theatrical productions memorabilia</a>. <br /><br />The collection was loaned to the IBCC Digital Archive for digitisation by Sally Sharp and catalogued by Lynn Corrigan. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2021-07-27 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Howard, HF Transcribed document A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Transcription Text transcribed from audio recording or document SPOTLIGHT ON VARIETY NUMBER 2 “Worth 2d. of anyone’s money.” – “DAILY LIAR.” “It’s a riot – bring your gas mask!” – “A.R.P. POST.” “The audience screamed ! ! !” – “BEHIND TIMES.” “Fills the stage!” – “LOCAL FERKIN.” [page break] “SPOTLIGHT ON VARIETY” (NUMBER 2). Arranged and produced by - - - HENRY HOWARD and WALLIE OKIN. Compere - - - CONRAD VINCE. 1. SPOTLIGHT FOCUSES 2. “CONTRACTORS’ EFFICIENCY” The General Manager HENRY HOWARD The Office Boy CONRAD VINCE The Typist FRANKIE MIDDLETON The Departmental Manager JIM CUMMINGS 3. JOSEPH GOTTLIEB Operatic Tenor 4. “PER PHIL et WALLY AD ASTRA” PHIL LUNN and WALLY SPENCER 5. “THE FACTS OF LIFE” REGGIE PETERS 6. “CRIES OF LONDON” WALLIE OKIN 7. “SPOTLIGHT ON GOLF” PHIL LUNN and WALLY SPENCER 8. DIANA MALE Soprano 9. “FOR ADULTS ONLY” HENRY HOWARD INTERVAL - - - “LET THE PEOPLE SING.” 10. “HOLY SMOKE” JIM CUMMINGS 11. THE STORK STEPS OUT” Scene 1 1939. The Husband HENRY HOWARD The Wife DIANA MALE Scene 2 1943. The Husband WALLIE OKIN The Wife FRANKIE MIDDLETON 12. SYDNEY FAZAKERLEY Pianoforte 13. THE NINCOMPERE CONRAD VINCE 14. PHIL LUNN and WALLY SPENCER The Variety Cads 15. “SPOTLIGHT ON RADIO” The listener-in WALLY SPENCER The Announcers JOE GOTTLIEB, PHIL LUNN JIM CUMMINGS Dr. Porus Plaster CONRAD VINCE Major Knapsack HENRY HOWARD Mr. Albert Cable WALLIE OKIN 16. DIANA MALE and JOSEPH GOTTLIEB Duet 17. “THE FLANNELLERS” WALLIE and HENRY 18. SPOTLIGHT FADES Accompanist – SYDNEY FAZAKERLEY [page break] The “Spotlight on Variety” Company is available for future engagements. All communications: H. HOWARD, “Tintagel,” Chiltern Road, WENDOVER, Bucks. F. M. CASTLE & CO. LTD., THAME. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Spotlight on Variety number 2 Description An account of the resource A revue arranged and produced by Henry Howard and Wallie Okin. Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Great Britain England--Buckinghamshire Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Royal Air Force Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Four printed sheets Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context MHowardHF1158144-210821-05 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Alan Pinchbeck entertainment RAF Halton https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/2377/42726/MHowardHF1158144-210821-040001.jpg 17300297dbfb7c8aa8073dbfd07b9c27 https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/2377/42726/MHowardHF1158144-210821-040002.jpg 9bd171aee45006925ade924de877b9e8 https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/2377/42726/MHowardHF1158144-210821-040003.jpg d856d483254ba419afef2e41f409e0cf Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Howard, Henry Francis Description An account of the resource 70 items. The collection concerns Corporal Henry Howard (b. 1916, 1158144 Royal Air Force) and contains an album, theatrical programmes and photographs. He served at RAF Halton and RAF Waddington and produced several variety shows.<br /> <br />The collection includes <a href="https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/collections/show/2482">one album with theatrical productions memorabilia</a>. <br /><br />The collection was loaned to the IBCC Digital Archive for digitisation by Sally Sharp and catalogued by Lynn Corrigan. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2021-07-27 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Howard, HF Transcribed document A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Transcription Text transcribed from audio recording or document [inserted] HENRY [/inserted] THE STATION CONCERT PARTY present (By kind permission of Air Commodore H. G. White) SPOTLIGHT ON V-RIOT-Y in THE STATION CONCERT HALL, R.A.F., HALTON, Bucks. on MON., TUES., WEDS., THURS., Dec. 20th, 21st, 22nd, 23rd at 19.00 hours nightly. PRICE – 6d Proceeds in aid of “Red Cross Prisoner of War Fund.” “Worth 2d. Of anyone’s money.” – “DAILY LIAR.” “It’s a riot – bring your gas mask!” – “A.R.P. POST.” “The audience screamed! ! !” – “BEHIND TIMES.” “Fills the stage!” – “LOCAL FERKIN.” [page break] “SPOTLIGHT ON V-RIOT-Y Arranged and produced by – HENRY HOWARD and WALLIE OKIN Compere – CONRAD VINCE 1. SPOTLIGHT FOCUSES 2. JOSEPH GOTTLIEB Operatic Tenor 3. “SPOTLIGHT ON RADIO” The Listener in WALLY SPENCER The Announcers JOE GOTTLIEB, PHIL LUNN JIM CUMMINGS Dr. Porus Plaster CONRAD VINCE Major Knapsack HENRY HOWARD Mr. Albert Cable WALLIE OKIN 4. “THE VARIETY VICAR” JIM CUMMINGS 5. “THE MISSING LINK” The Maid FRANKIE MIDDLETON The First Son PHIL LUNN The Second Son WALLY SPENCER The Mother JILL WINSOME The Father HENRY HOWARD 6. “PICKLED PARODIES” WALLIE OKIN 7. DIANA MALE Soprano 8. “JOKING APART” HENRY HOWARD 9. “LET THE PEOPLE SING” KUM-U-NUTTY-SINK-IN Break for Music: GEORGE CARTER and THE STATION ORCHESTRA. 10. THE MUSCLE MECHANICS TONY MANSELL GEORGE JOHNSON DICK LAWTON TOM ALLAWAY 11. THE NINCOMPERE CONRAD VINCE 12. PHIL LUNN and WALLY SPENCER The Variety Cads 13. “CAFETERIA” The Barman JIM CUMMINGS First Girl JILL WINSOME Second Girl DIANA MALE Third Girl FRANKIE MIDDLETON 14. SYDNEY FAZAKERLEY Pianoforte 15. “AN ALL-BRITISH DRAMA” The Booster WALLIE OKIN The Wife JILL WINSOME The Lover HENRY HOWARD The Husband JOE GOTTLIEB 16. DIANA MALE and JOSEPH GOTTLIEB Duet 17. “SOFT AND BARMY” WALLIE and HENRY 18. SPOTLIGHT FADES Accompanist – SYDNEY FAZAKERLEY [inserted] Contact, flash! Get ready Dennis my love here comes the woman you love!! Jill Winsome Best wishes from your Ganger on-in-chief. [signature] Here’s to the next time and may it be soon Thanks Henry [signature] To my friend & comrade with very Very best wishes thanks for the grand times we had together Joe Gottlieb [signature] all for the cause [signature] Thanks for everything Henry! Love Di The dearest bloke I ever met – ??? [signature] I may be the Vicar but your [sic] “good” and, your help to those who are not so experienced is appreciated – Xmas Greetings Jim Cummings I cannot express my thanks in words Henry. G.U.T.S. Frankie Middleton. Away my [indecipherable word] and [indecipherable word] of everything [signature] Hm – Many thanks for everything – When I [underlined] do [/underlined] go it’s going to be a hell of a Break CL Ascend those escalational [sic] graduations! & the pleasure of working with you is [indecipherable word] As a Ferkin who missed out on his VV. Thanks for a great time Fredie the Ferkin [signature] Happy Days Tony [indecipherable name] Henry Howard! Never heard of him! Best wishes [signature] Jolly good production, Henry. All the very best. Syd Fazakerley [/inserted] [page break] Our grateful thanks are extended to the following people for their willing co-operation and assistance: F/LT STEINER . . . Station Entertainment Officer THOMAS LEE, Esq. . . . Costumes CORPORAL BRIAN VERSTAGE } . . . Stage Staff CORPORAL JACK HIGGINS } . . . Stage Staff CORPORAL BOB KENNEDY } . . . Stage Staff CORPORAL BEALE } . . . Electricians CORPORAL MATTINGLEY } . . . Electricians F. H. CASTLE & CO. LTD., THAME. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Spotlight on V-riot-Y Description An account of the resource Programme of a revue arranged and produced by Henry Howard and Wallie Okin with proceeds going to the Red Cross prisoner of war fund, with messages and autographs by the cast. Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1942-12-20 1942-12-21 1942-12-22 1942-12-23 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Great Britain England--Buckinghamshire Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Royal Air Force Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Four printed sheets Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context MHowardHF1158144-210821-04 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Alan Pinchbeck entertainment RAF Halton Red Cross https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/2482/42896/SHowardHF1158144v10020.jpg 403ab0582fbe15fae56c6260a7de54b2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Howard, Henry Francis. Album Description An account of the resource One album with theatrical productions memorabilia. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2021-07-27 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Howard, HF Transcribed document A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Transcription Text transcribed from audio recording or document 10.3.43. “Spotlight on Flannel” (Variety – Station Concert Hall) 11.3.43. “Spotlight on Flannel” (Variety – Station Concert Hall) 12.3.43. “Spotlight on Flannel” (Variety – Station Concert Hall) 16.3.43. “Spotlight on Flannel” (Variety – St. Leonards) 17.3.43. 2 Wing Corporals’ Party. (M.C. and Cabaret.) [page break] [underlined] “SPOTLIGHT ON FLANNEL” [/underlined] [inserted] Henry [inserted] Devised & Produced by Wallie Okin & Henry Howard [underlined] FIRST HALF [/underlined] 1. “Ring up the Flannel” . . . Entire Cast 2. Bert Davies . . . Tenor 3. “Flannel in the Workshops” 1st Airman – Jim Cummings 2nd Airman – Henry Howard 3rd Airman – Reggie Peters 1st Waaf – Jill Winsome 2nd Waaf – Frankie Middleton 3rd Waff [sic] – Alma Bayliss Instructor – Wallie Okin 4. The Flannel Cads . . . Phil Lunn & Wally Spence 5. Flannelette on Parade . . . The 6 Flannelettes 6. Sunday Flannel . . . Jim Cummings 7. Roland Schofield . . . Baritone 8. Flannelfeet . . . Reggie Peters 9. “Flannel Repeats Itself . . . Victorian Man – Henry Howard Victorian Woman – Jill Winsome Modern Man – Wallie Okin Modern Woman – Alma Bayliss 10. Diana Male . . . Soprano 11. Clean Flannel . . . Henry Howard STATION ORCHESTRA under the direction of Sgt. G.C. Carter Choral Arrangements by Henry Fisher [underlined] SECOND HALF [/underlined] 12. The Great “Flanno” Flanno – Jim Cummings Assistant – Wallie Okin 13. The Flannel Cads Again 14. “Joe Soap is Flannelled” Joe Soap – Henry Howard His Friend – Wallie Okin The Dame – Frankie Middleton Barman – Jim Cummings 15. Bert Davies & Roland Schofield . . . Duets 16. Mono-Flannel . . . Wallie Okin 17. “Flannel in the Cookhouse” Orderly Officer – Jim Cummings Airman – Henry Howard 18. Diana Male . . . Soprano 19. Wally & Henry . . . Flannellers 20. Flan! Flan! . . . The 6 Flannelettes 21. Spotlight Fades . . . Entire Cast 22. The King The 6 Flannelettes:- Ivy Pratt – Joan Watson Iris Mayhew – Pam Boyle Gladys Roberts – Rene Snoecks Directed by Ivy Pratt [inserted] Thanks - Great Work Hen! – Wallie Cheerio Boys Edward Davies Grand Work Jack Higgins Pleased to work with you Henry. Walter G Spencer I’d like to marry you Jim [signature] At a boy Henry! Alma Bayliss With regards from the Fatigue Party George [signature] What a whopper Henry!! Frankie Sorry I wasn’t in it all the time Vernon J Vince Hope to be with you in many more shows Jill Winsome Keep the Flannel clean Henry! Best Wishes Diana Heres to an excellent show J M Eley See you next Show [signature] Thanks Henry!! – actually – [signature] Roses Red Violets Blue Sugars sweet so are you Betty We can ‘flan – flan’ the ‘Can Can’ Dodo. Your Show a great Success Sincerely [signature] Roses are red, but [deleted word] mine are not, Iris K Mayhew. [/inserted] Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Spotlight on Flannel Description An account of the resource A list of engagements and the programme which is annotated by signatures and notes by the cast members. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1943 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1943-03-10 1943-03-11 1943-03-12 1943-03-16 1943-03-17 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Great Britain England--Buckinghamshire Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Royal Air Force Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Two typed sheets on two album pages Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context SHowardHF1158144v10020 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Alan Pinchbeck entertainment RAF Halton https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/1627/25327/BThickettPSaundersEJv10007.jpg 794dd9ad135718347602f832cabcb3ea Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Saunders, Ernest John. Album 1 Description An account of the resource A history of Sam Saunders RAF experiences complete with a biography. It is presented in an album. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Penny Thicket Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020-02-13 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Saunders, EJ Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sam Saunders, Graduation and Further Training Description An account of the resource Memorabilia from Sam's graduation ceremony then further training on Battles and Astro on Ansons. Photo 1 and 2 are the menu for the graduation meal. Photo 3 is the ticket for the graduation dance. Photo 4 is the tables set for the graduation meal. Photo 5 is the graduates marching past Battles. Photo 6 is a Battle that has lost its starboard undercarriage leg. Photo 7 is the sign for the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan. Photo 8 is an Anson that has been damaged by hailstones, viewed from the front and above. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Penny Thickett Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2013-10 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Two printed sheets with eight photographs Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Photograph Text Text. Memoir Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context BThickettPSaundersEJv10007 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Royal Air Force Royal Air Force. Bomber Command Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Canada Manitoba Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1941 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Alan Pinchbeck Maureen Clarke air gunner aircrew Anson Battle bomb aimer entertainment navigator training https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/1627/25330/BThickettPSaundersEJv10010.1.jpg 79474b5bf6a522d9e1456223a7e2408f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Saunders, Ernest John. Album 1 Description An account of the resource A history of Sam Saunders RAF experiences complete with a biography. It is presented in an album. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Penny Thicket Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020-02-13 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Saunders, EJ Transcribed document A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Transcription Text transcribed from audio recording or document So Sam came back to England, a dangerous crossing through the North Atlantic. There would have been a convoy of allied boats, the danger being German submarines. He must have had some leave and then started further training and tests at Harwell. In the logbook, his successful Night Vision Test was on 11th October 1941. He was in Number 15 Operational Training Unit (OTU) from the 7th of November 1941 until the 25th of January 1942, he flew in Ansons and Wellingtons. These were exercises as an Air Observer and Gunner and were all cross country in the UK. At this point his total flying hours were 146.40 by day and 39.05 hours by night, none so far on ‘active’ service. This is part of the squadron he was with, perhaps at Harwell. [page break] In February 1942 he went to 38 Squadron, as a navigator flying across the Mediterranean in Wellingtons. He talked about being attacked by German aircraft in Malta; the aeroplanes being delivered by his squadron were destroyed on the airfield. He had to wait for more aircraft to arrive and their supplies were running out. It’s for this reason that he hated corned beef. The logbook shows that in fact this was only his 5th night with the Squadron, he flew into the eye of the storm, at night, to an island without supplies, under attack and now without hope of support. This was between the 16th February and the 4th of March 1942. Four Wellington aircraft from a delivery flight for Malta were lost overnight. The four were among a group of thirteen which left Gibraltar in darkness heading for Luga. Italian news had reported one Wellington shot down in flames by fighters from Castel Vetrano airfield, with a crew of six taken prisoner. A second Wellington was also reported forced down at Modica by German fighters. The aircraft was undamaged but its crew of seven were captured. A third was shot down into the sea by JU88 aircraft just 45 kilometres from Malta. F/O J Willis-Richards was rescued by an Italian destroyer; the remainder of the crew did not survive. The fourth Wellington crashed on landing at Luga airfield the, the [sic] aircraft was a write-off but the crew escaped uninjured. This is from a Malta war diary; “Enemy bombers launch yet another series of raids on Malta’s defences, this time concentrating on Luga. 36 High Explosive bombs are dropped on the airfield, including two massive 1000kg ‘Herman’ bombs. Yet again the Island’s infantry battalions are hard at work filling in craters to keep the aerodrome serviceable”. Later in the month there were Wellington flights from Portreath in Cornwall to Gibraltar, Luxor, Shallufa, Heliopolois and Mersa Matruh, as Navigator. Total flying time so far 219 hours by day and 83 by night. [photograph of an air-to-air view of a Wellington] Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sam Saunder's UK Training and Malta Description An account of the resource A description of Sam's further training in the UK then operations at Malta. Photo 1 is an informal group photograph with airmen, two WAAFs and three dummies. Photo 2 is an air-to-air view of a Wellington. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Penny Thickett Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2013-10 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Two printed sheets with two photographs Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Photograph Text Text. Personal research Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context BThickettPSaundersEJv10010 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Royal Air Force Royal Air Force. Bomber Command Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Malta Gibraltar Great Britain England--Cornwall (County) Egypt--Luxor Egypt--Cairo Egypt North Africa Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1941-11 1941-12 1942-01 1942-02 1942-03 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Alan Pinchbeck 15 OTU 38 Squadron air gunner aircrew Anson ground personnel Ju 88 navigator Operational Training Unit prisoner of war RAF Harwell training Wellington Women’s Auxiliary Air Force https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/886/11085/OHudsonJD173116-151001-040001.1.jpg de7ee67174d6986ef48358a859d13a3a https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/886/11085/OHudsonJD173116-151001-040002.1.jpg bd4378cc838190d5748492853d2d65de https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/886/11085/OHudsonJD173116-151001-040003.1.jpg 5b8b9f4fb8770b3901e64eb21c2f2a39 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Hudson, Douglas James Douglas Hudson J D Hudson Description An account of the resource 529 items. Collection concerns Pilot Officer James Douglas Hudson, DFC (755052 Royal Air Force) who joined the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve in June 1939 and trained as an observer. While on route to Malta in August 1940 his Blenheim crashed in Tunisia and he was subsequently interned for two and a half years by Vichy French in Tunisia and Algeria. After being freed he returned to Great Britain and after navigator retraining completed a tour of 30 operations on 100 Squadron. The collection contains letters to and from his parents and from French penfriends while interned in Tunisia and Algeria, newspaper cuttings of various events, logbooks and lists of operations, official documents and photographs. A further 23 items are in two sub-collections with details of navigator examinations and postcards of Laghouat Algeria.<br /><br />The collection has been loaned to the IBCC Digital Archive for digitisation by Elizabeth Smith and Yvonne Puncher and catalogued by Nigel Huckins.<br /> <p>This collection also contains items concerning Louis Murray and Harry Bowers. Additional information on <a href="https://internationalbcc.co.uk/losses/202827/">Harry Bowers</a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href="https://internationalbcc.co.uk/losses/220410/">Louis Murray</a> is available via the IBCC Losses Database.</p> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015-06-16 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. Some items have not been published in order to protect the privacy of third parties, to comply with intellectual property regulations, or have been assessed as medium or low priority according to the IBCC Digital Archive collection policy and will therefore be published at a later stage. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal, https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/collection-policy. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Hudson, JD Transcribed document A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Transcription Text transcribed from audio recording or document Form 2020. ROYAL AIR FORCE VOLUNTEER RESERVE. (OBSERVER SECTION.) NOTICE PAPER. FIVE YEARS’ RESERVE SERVICE. Signature of applicant receiving the Notice Paper [Signature of James Douglas Hudson] NOTICE to be given to the applicant at the time of his offering to join the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve. Date 29th June 1939. The general conditions of the contract of enlistment that you are about to enter into with the Crown are as follows :— 1. You will engage to serve His Majesty (as a special reservist) for a period of five years in the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve, provided His Majesty should so long require your services. 2. You will be liable to be called out for training as explained in Question 21 on page 3 of this Form. 3. You will be liable to be called out on permanent service as explained in Questions 22 to 24 on page 3 of this Form, and to be called out to aid the civil power in the preservation of the public peace. When called out on permanent service you will form part of the Regular Air Force. 4. When called out for training or for service as explained in Questions 21 to 24 on page 3 of this Form you become subject to the Air Force Act. 5. You will be liable when called out and if medically fit, to go into the air whenever required to do so. 6. If you are in receipt of a service or disability pension you are not eligible for enlistment. 7. You will not be permitted while serving in the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve to join the Royal Navy, Army, or Royal Marines, the Militia, the Territorial Army, or the Auxiliary Air Force, or the Reserves of those forces. 8. You will be required by the Attestation Officer to answer the questions printed on pages 2, 3 and 4 of this Form, and take the oath shown on page 4, and you are hereby warned that if you wilfully or knowingly make, at the time of your attestation, any false answer you will thereby render yourself liable to punishment. Signature and Rank of Officer or N.C.O. serving the Notice Paper [signature of Patrick Butler] (2010—758) Wt. 42751—3340 1,000 2/39 T.S. 700 [P.T.O. [page break] 2 ROYAL AIR FORCE VOLUNTEER RESERVE. [underlined] Certified Copy of Attestation. [/underlined] [underlined] No. Name HUDSON. JAMES DOUGLAS. [/underlined] [underlined] Questions to be put to the Recruit before enlistment into the Observer Section of the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve. [/underlined] You are hereby warned that if, after enlistment, it is found that you have wilfully or knowingly made a false answer to any of the following questions you will be liable under the Air Force Act to a maxi-mum punishment of two years’ imprisonment with hard labour. 1. What is your name? 1. Christian names JAMES DOUGLAS Surname HUDSON 2. Where were you born? 2. In the parish of WHITKIRK in or near the town of LEEDS in the county of YORKSHIRE. 3. What was the date of your birth? 3. MAY 21ST 1916 4. Are you married? 4. NO 5. What is your full postal address? 5. 10 MOORSIDE ROAD. KERSAL SALFORD 7. LANCS. 6. Are you a British subject by birth? 6. YES. 7. Are you of pure European descent? 7. YES. 8. Are your parents both British subjects by birth? If not, state separately their nationality at birth. (a) Father (b) Mother 8. YES. 9. Are you, or is either of your parents, a naturalised British subject? 9. — 10. If so, state the date(s) of the naturalisation certificate(s). 10. — 11. What is your profession or calling? 11. TEXTILE BUYERS ASSISTANT 12. What is your religious denomination? 12. CHURCH OF ENGLAND 13. Are you willing to be enlisted (as a special reservist) in the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve for five years provided His Majesty should so long require your services? 13. YES. 14. Have you been convicted by the civil power? If so, give particulars and dates of all convictions. 14. NO. 15. Do you now belong to any of the regular or non-regular Naval, Military or Air Forces of the Crown in this or any other country, or to any Police Force? If so, state to what unit or corps you now be-long, your official number, what rank you now hold, and whether it is substantive or acting. 15. NO [page break] 3 16. Have you ever served in any of the regular or non-regular Naval, Military or Air Forces of the Crown in this or any other country, or to any Police Force? If so, state to the unit in which you have served, your official number, the cause of your discharge, the rank you held on discharge, and wheth-er it was substantive or acting. 16. NO. 17. Have you truly stated the whole of your previous service, if any? 17. YES. 18. Have you ever been rejected as unfit for any of the Naval, Military or Air Forces of the Crown? If so, on what grounds? 18. NO 19. (a) Have you ever been awarded a disability pension, a gratuity or any temporary or conditional allowance for disability? 19. (a) NO (b) Are you now in receipt of any such pension or allowance? (b) NO 20. Did you receive a notice, and do you understand what it means? Who gave it to you? 20. YES. Name FLIGHT LIEUT P. BUTLER 21. Are you aware that you will be liable to be called out for 15 days’ training (involving continuous whole-time attendance) annually and also attend for training at week-ends in the evenings, or at oth-er times as may be required? 21. YES. 22. Are you aware that you will be liable to be called out to permanent service in the United Kingdom or elsewhere, ashore or afloat, in cases of imminent national danger or of great emergency, and also will be liable to be called out to aid the civil power in the preservation of the public peace? 22. YES. 23. Are you aware that you will be liable (whether or not the Air Force Reserve is called out on per-manent service) to be called out and to serve within the British Islands in defence of the British Is-lands against actual or apprehended attack: it being understood that service on any flight of which the points of departure and intended return are within the British Islands or the territorial waters thereof is to be deemed to be service within the British Islands, notwithstanding that the flight may in its course extend beyond those limits? 23. YES. 24. Are you aware, that if called out under paras. 22 and 23 above, you will be liable to be detained in Air Force service for the unexpired portion of your service in the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve and for a further period not exceeding 12 months, if so directed by the competent Air Force authori-ty? 24. YES. [page break] 4 25. Do you understand that you will be liable, when called out under paras. 21-24 and if medically fit, to go into the air whenever required to do so? 25. YES. 26. Do you understand that you will not be permitted, while serving in the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve, to join the Royal Navy, Army or Royal Marines, the Militia, the Territorial Army, the Auxiliary Air Force or the Reserves of those Forces? 26. YES. I, JAMES DOUGLAS HUDSON do solemnly declare that the foregoing answers made by me to the above questions are true, that I have read and accept the conditions in A.M. Pamphlet 77 and am willing to fulfil the engagements made. SIGNATURE OF RECRUIT [signature of J.D. Hudson] SIGNATURE OF WITNESS [signature of Patrick Butler] [underlined] OATH TO BE TAKEN BY THE MAN ON ATTESTATION. [/underlined] I, James Douglas Hudson swear by Almighty God that I will be faithful and bear true allegiance to His Majesty King George the Sixth, His Heirs and Successors, and that I will, as in duty bound, honestly and faithfully defend His Majesty, His Heirs and Successors, in Person, Crown and Dignity, against all enemies, and will observe and obey all orders of His Majesty, His Heirs and Successors, and of the Air Officers and Officers set over me. So help me God. CERTIFICATE OF A JUSTICE OF THE PEACE OR ATTESTING OFFICER. The recruit above named was cautioned by me that if he wilfully or knowingly made any false answer to any of the foregoing questions, he would be liable to be punished as provided by the Air Force Act. The foregoing questions were then read to the recruit in my presence. I have taken care that he understands each question, and that his answer to each question has been duly entered as replied to and the said recruit has made and signed the Declaration and taken the Oath before me at Manchester on this Twenty ninth day of June 1939 [signature of Patrick Butler Signature.] I certify that the above is a true copy of the Attestation of the above-named recruit. Approving Officer. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve (Observer Section) Notice Paper Description An account of the resource Notice paper for five years reserve service for James Douglas Hudson dated 29 June 1939. Gives conditions and contains certified copy of attestation with personal; details. Concludes with signatures, oath and certificate of a justice of the peace or attesting officer. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1939-06-29 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Four page form booklet filled in Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Text. Service material Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context OHudsonJD173116-151001-040001, OHudsonJD173116-151001-040002, OHudsonJD173116-151001-040003 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Royal Air Force Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1939-06-29 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Alan Pinchbeck aircrew observer recruitment https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/1484/30947/MCarpenterRB149832-201102-03.1.jpg dd5bb15094f2150f19ab62036072aad0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Carpenter, Ronald R B Carpenter Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2016-02-11 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Carpenter, RB Description An account of the resource 27 items. The collection concerns Flight Lieutenant Ronald Carpenter DFM (149832 Royal Air Force). He flew a tour of operations as a bomb aimer with 10 Squadron and with 223 Squadron in 100 Group on electronic countermeasures. The collection contains his log book, documents and photographs. The collection has been donated to the IBCC Digital Archive by Ronald Carpenter and catalogued by Trevor Hardcastle. Transcribed document A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Transcription Text transcribed from audio recording or document [underlined] RECOMMENDATIONS FOR HONOURS AND AWARDS. [/underlined] [underlined] “NON - IMMEDIATE” [/underlined] [underlined] SECRET [/underlined] [ink stamp] Christian Names:- RONALD BERTRAM. — Surname:- CARPENTER. — Rank:- SERGEANT. — Official No:- 1291451. — Command or Group:- NO. 4 GROUP. — Unit:- NO. 10 SQUADRON. Total hours flown on operations…… 157 Number of sorties carried out…… 27 Recognition for which recommended…… D.F.M. Appointment held…… AIR BOMBER. [underlined] PARTICULARS OF MERITORIOUS SERVICE FOR WHICH THE RECOMMENDATION IS MADE. [/underlined] Sergeant Carpenter was posted to No. 10 Squadron in July, 1942, and has now completed 27 sorties comprising 157 operational hours. He is a member of an outstanding crew, and is a first class Air Bomber. On one occasion the aircraft on which he was flying developed engine trouble over the sea, and although flying on three engines the target was successfully bombed. His aircraft has been damaged by flak on many occasions and during an attack on Kiel when the Flight Engineer was badly wounded, Sergeant Carpenter rendered first aid. He has throughout his tour shown himself to possess the ideal temperament for operations and his extraordinary qualities of cheerful confidence have many times proved invaluable whilst under fire over the target. His inspiring morale alone has made him a very valuable and appreciated member of the Squadron and it would give me great pleasure to have him receive a well earned Distinguished Flying Medal. [signature] Squadron Leader, Commanding [underlined] No. 10 Squadron. R.A.F. [/underlined] 9th July, 1943. [underlined] REMARKS BY STATION COMMANDER. [/underlined] This N.C.O., had displayed outstanding ability as an Air Bomber and has inspired great confidence in members of his crew. He possesses coolness and has always shown exceptional fearlessness in the face of danger. I recommend that his good work be recognised by the award of the Distinguished Fly-ing Medal. [signature] Wing Commander, Commanding [underlined] R.A.F. Station, Melbourne. [/underlined] 17th July, 1943. [underlined] REMARKS BY AIR OFFICER COMMANDING. [/underlined] This Air Bomber, now completing his first operational tour, has at all times shown skill and courage on operations and I strongly recommend the award of the D.F.M. [signature] Air Vice Marshall, Air Officer Commanding, [underlined] No. 4 Group, R.A.F. [/underlined] 30th July, 1943. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Recommendation for Ronald Carpenter's D.F.M. Description An account of the resource Has recommendation from his Squadron Commander, his Station Commander and the No 4 Group Air Officer Commanding. Was gazetted on 14 September 1943. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource O.C. 10 Squadron Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1943-07-09 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource One typewritten sheet Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text. Correspondence Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context MCarpenterRB149832-201102-03 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Royal Air Force Royal Air Force. Bomber Command Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. England--Yorkshire Great Britain Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1943-07-09 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Alan Pinchbeck Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive 10 Squadron 4 Group aircrew bomb aimer Distinguished Flying Medal Halifax Halifax Mk 2 RAF Melbourne https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/1406/36709/MRosserLV745193-190517-34.pdf 110c87eff201a61486fa4c0d1f38bfa1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rosser, Lewis Victor L V Rosser Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2019-05-17 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Rosser, LV Description An account of the resource 154 items. The collection concerns Flight Lieutenant Lewis Victor Rosser (b. 1919, 745193 Royal Air Force) and contains his log books, a diary of his operations, notebooks, documents, correspondence and an album. He flew operations as a pilot with 35, 58, 51 and 115 Squadrons. <br /><br />The collection includes a <a href="https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/collections/show/2133">Photograph album</a> with photographs of people and aircraft, artwork cards, newspaper cuttings and documents. <br /><br /><br />The collection has been donated to the IBCC Digital Archive by Ann Godard and Joy Shirley and catalogued by Nigel Huckins. Transcribed document A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Transcription Text transcribed from audio recording or document [underlined] 745193 SGT. ROSSER [/underlined] SIGNALS AND SUNDRY NOTES Form 619. ROYAL AIR FORCE Small Notebook for use in Schools. T.4154. Wt. IIIII. 2/39. [page break] [blank page] [page break] [underlined] Lost in flight, what signal would you send – write out as you would give it to your W/T operator addressed correctly to a Regional Control Station [/underlined] T8YT8Y [inserted] } No of Control Station [/inserted] V [inserted] – From [/inserted] C2MA [inserted] } Pilots call number – A/C number [/inserted] P [inserted] – Immediate [/inserted] Control QDM IMI [inserted] } What is my Main Course to reach you [/inserted] Time 1030 – IAS 235 COURSE 301 HEIGHT 3000 MINS FUEL 95 [underlined] What are functions of the R.A.F. signals? [/underlined] The R.A.F. signals operations provides for all the methods of W/T & R/T communication and of visual and sound signalling [sic] employed in the R.A.F. It also includes operation of sounder, teleprinter and remote control telegraph lines of apparatus employed purely in connection with the Air Force communication system & of all telephone lines and exchanges at R.A.F. stations and all electrical equipment in aircraft (except ignition) is installed and maintained by signals personnel. Co-operation with the Army and Navy, dispatch rider – letter service, pidgeons, [sic] dogs, rockets and aeroplanes are message carrying agencies. [underlined] How would a message from this unit be passed to a fighter squadron stationed at Duxford? [/underlined] By teleprinter or if necessary by W/T. or telegraph. If by W/T. this unit being in training command message will go to training command control station, then to fighter command [page break] control & is passed on to Duxford. If by teleprinter message is sent to control who is in direct communication by a control exchange with all main stations in R.A.F. [underlined] What is meant by control station and what duties do they perform? [/underlined] All R.A.F. commands are placed under general control of main stations. W/T. stations of each command are organized into sections to which different frequencies are allocated, each section is placed under the control of a control station, stations in different sections desiring to communicate one another must do so via there [sic] respective control station. Control stations are responsible for the efficient conduct of signalling [sic] among the stations for which they are responsible, the control station [underlined] must [/underlined] control the communication of its section under all circumstances. No station will voluntary [sic] close down without informing its control station. This rule applies equally to stations about to cease watch at the conclusion of their specified watch-keeping periods to a/c about to cease watch prior to landing and to mobile stations about to dismantle [page break] [underlined] You receive a message endorsed [deleted] by [/deleted] to be acknowledged, state fully how you would give your answer [/underlined] To records from No. 12. S.F.T.S. your M.123 2/7 acknowledged (Signature) [underlined] How interstation interference eliminated in the R.A.F. & W/T. organization? [/underlined] Intelligent cooperation of all W/T operations. Transmitting and receiving apparatus of stations should be kept adjusted to the highest possible degree of accuracy and selectively to the frequency ordered for each station. Frequency measuring instruments should be checked frequently, power used for any stations to make communication by W/T is to be limited to that necessary to enable accurate reception to be carried out by any station in the group or section. The strength of signals normally to be used is 7. The use of remotely control transmitters is for use of suppressing and servicing the correct use of procedure and regulations laid down in signal manual. [page break] [underlined] What are main details to be noted for making out a message for transmission? [/underlined] A message is any communication dealt with by the signal service no matter by what means it may be transmitted in preparation due regard must be paid to the safeguarding of official information. Messages will always be sent by the cheapest method. The R.A.F. form will be used for all service messages (form 96 a for cypher) as a general rule all messages must be signed by an officer, this does not apply to a/c movement reports, this authorized degree priority only must be used. The reference number is to consist of a [deleted] sign [/deleted] single letter to signify the branch and a number of not more than three figures. Date in brackets after ref. number to be written 31/10, one word in each space. Punctuation in brackets except full stop and comma are not to be used. Date to be written in text as 31 OCT not 31/10. Times to be by 24 hr clock system. 2400 & 0000 must not be used, it must be 23.59 or 0001. Time of origin, signature in appropriate space the answer to a not w/t message message [sic] must also be not W/T. The term ‘addressed to’ is used to denote that the recipient has to take action whilst ‘repeated’ [page break] is used to show that message is for information only. Names of places, persons and negative words are to be written in block letters. Signature is to show Rank. Name and appointment. On Form 9.6 provided signal out an aircraft [deleted] of [/deleted] to another station. [underlined] What is meant by originator’s reference letter? and what does it convey to you? [/underlined] The originators ref. Number consists of a letter to indicate branch of origin followed by a figure or figures not exceeding 3 in number. When are the words signal arrived used? i When flights are made over the sea ii when called for by high authority iii when important personages are carried iv. when the inexperience of pilot vi nature of country and weather conditions call for same. [underlined] Describe various forms of priority markings and authority required for authorization of same. [/underlined] Highest degree is most immediate. Messages of vital importance and only to be used in times of strained relations or in war. Authority within the A/M. – members of Air Council only. [page break] Outside the A/M – the Air Officer Commanding in Chief or Air and other officer commanding independent commands. The procedure letters for most immediate – O.U. Emergency error OA. Application reports of limited air attack by formations and to be employed for no other purpose. Authority air or other officer commanding will issue instructions as to the application of this priority as circumstances dictate, authority may be dedicated to anyone detailed for this duty. Emergency – letter ‘O’. Operational messages of vital importance to be used in war or local warlike operations, authority staff officers not below Wing Commander or C/O of unit use may be dedicated for operational purposes through formation leader & section commander (armoured cars) and captains of single aircraft. Immediate – letter ‘P’ – message of supreme importance, operational messages of less importance than emergency, used in peace when risk of life is involved and reporting flying casualties through accidents, authority of staff officers not below Wing Commander, C/O or Adjutant of Unit in [indecipherable word] of C/O. Use may be delegated to Formation leader or [indecipherable word] Captain of single aircraft certain Met officers and officer I/C operation [page break] room. Important – D. – Used for movements of a/c, weather report or requests of same when necessary, authority of staff officers not below Sqd/LDR or C/O, adjutant, duty pilot of a unit, officer I/C detachment & captain of single a/c. [underlined] What are route marks and how can one make use of them. [/underlined] The equi - signal track beacon consists centrally of a transmitter two loop aerials not at 90° to each other. The aerials are arranged in such a way that each sends out a letter which will interlock with a letter sent out by the other. Thus one aerial might transmit the letter ‘A’ and the other letter ’N’. If an a/c approaches along the exact track to the beacon a continuous note will be heard in the receiving telephones. If the a/c is on the left of its track the letter ’N’ might be received, if to right letter ‘A’. Navigation along the definite route can be greatly simplified by the use of beacons initially spaced along the route. Pilot can keep a correct track by flying from one beacon to the next. [page break] [underlined] What use can a pilot make of his W/T installation as an aid to navigation? [/underlined] [symbol] A pilot is able to obtain weather reports, bearings or fixes assistance in landing by V.H.F. }Lorenzo Z.Z. or D.T.C. [symbol] Route markers provided apparatus fitted is suitable. [underlined] Describe the Aircraft rotatable loop method of obtaining a bearing. [/underlined] A loop aerial consisting of many turns of wire on a rotatable frame is mounted in the aircraft & connected to a receiving set. The receiver is tuned to any transmitting W/T station and the loop rotated until the minimum signal position is reached. A pointer coupled to the loop then indicates on a scale bearing of a W/T station relative to the aircraft’s head. [underlined] Why is the minimum signal used for the determination of a bearing? [/underlined] When the aerial is near the position where it will give maximum signal strength the change in signal strength is slight with the result that the determination of the actual maximum position is difficult owing [page break] to engine and other noises. On the other hand when aerial is near its minimum position although signals are weaker rate of change of signal strength is more marked. Hence apparatus is more sensitive near its minimum position. (ie. at right angles to the wave) than in the maximum position. [underlined] How is this [arrow] bearing affected by quadrantal error? [/underlined] A I/F loop in an aircraft is subject to errors caused by the presence of radio frequency currents in the metal work of aircraft itself. The existence of these currents [indecipherable word] the existence of [inserted] electro- [/inserted] magnetic fields which act on the D/F loop in addition to radiation field of the distant transmitter. The sum of the errors so caused is known as quadrantle [sic] error and is similar in some ways to deviations at the compass position. The present practice is to allow quadrantle [sic] error by calibrating the direction finder in the aircraft. A quadrantle correction card being then available. [underlined] What is the effect of coastal refraction on bearing received? [/underlined] The direction of an electro-magnetic wave [page break] may be deflected by any-one of a number of media through which the wave travels. One of the most important instances [deleted word] which arises in practical R/F in the passing of a radio wave over a coast line at an acute angle. Errors of from 3° – 4° in directions are common and errors of the order of 10° are possible. Generally speaking deviation of a wave by coastal refraction is not perceptible when the angle between the wave and the coast-line is less acute than about 20°. Note – Velocity of wireless wave – 186,000 miles per second. or 300,000,000 metres per second. Length of wave = Velocity/Frequency in cycles = 2 Give names of stations performing duties of regional control stations 1/ Abington 2/ Boscombe down x 3/ Evanton 4/ Kinloss 5/ Luchars [sic] 6/ Linton-on-Ouse 7/ Manston 8/ Mildenhall x 9/ Pembroke dock x 10/ St Eval [page break] x 11/ Sealand x 12/ Silloth 13/ Waddington 14/ Wyton x = Full facilities not yet available. [underlined] When in communication with a regional control station state priorities used and reasons for same. [/underlined] Emergency – S.O.S. – distress call Immediate – Letter “P” – In urgent need of assistance. Important – Letter “D” – Require help – not urgent. Practice – Letter “X” – Used for exercise purposes. [underlined] What facilities are available at regional control stations for night or fog landings. [/underlined] 1/ Weather reports 2/ Courses to steer (homing) 3/ Positions 4/ Route to other ‘dromes 5/ Blind approach methods – Z.Z. D.T.C. VHF. beacons 6/ Night lights fixed consist of 1/ neon beacon 2/ Obstruction lights 3/ Strip lighting on ‘drome using landing lamp 4/ Contact strip lighting 5/ Mobile lights – flares, floodlights, glim lamps, illuminated [indecipherable word]. [page break] [underlined] State advantages & disadvantages of W/T compared with R/T [/underlined] [underlined] Advantages of W/T over R/T. [/underlined] [underlined] Longer range for given power [/underlined] Causes less interference therefore more frequency channels available. [underlined] Code or cypher messages can be passed faster and more accurately – message cannot be intercepted by unskilled personnel. [/underlined] [underlined] Advantages of R/T over W/T. [/underlined] No skilled operator required. Short messages or orders can be passed quickly and acted upon at once. [underlined] Detail medium frequency D/F organization. [/underlined] Groups of 2 or more stations working on aloted [sic] frequencies for the purpose of giving aircraft bearings or fixes. Aircraft calls the control using the appropriate signal. 2 or more stations take a bearing which are passed to the control who lays off the position and sends it to the aircraft. This should not take longer than 2 minutes. [underlined] Describe 3 classes of D/F. bearings. [/underlined] A/ [underlined] (first class [/underlined] bearing is one in which perfect zero or a clear sharply defined minimum is present & in which no interference is experienced over zero or minimum. Must be verified, if time does not permit of this it must be classified as second class. May be regarded as accurate within 2° [page break] B/ [underlined] Second class bearing [/underlined] is one in which minimum or equalization points are less well defined than in a first class but still are not sufficiently ill-defined to render bearing unreliable. A second class bearing is also one in which minimum is sharp as in “A” but in which interference is present over the zero. Maybe regarded as accurate within 5°. C/ [underlined] Third class bearing [/underlined] is one in which minimum or equalization points are so ill-defined as to render difficult the calculation of the bearing. It is also one in which minimum is defined as in “A” or “B” but in which extreme interference is experienced over the zero. May be regarded as having an error of more than 5°. 2 types of D/F aerial used in R.A.F. – 1/ Marine – adcock 2/ Bellini – tosi [underlined] Describe methods and reasons for bonding aircraft. [/underlined] 1/ To provide an earth system wireless } every single piece of metal is connected together to form a constant circuit so that all parts are kept at a common potential – this is known as bonding 2/ To eliminate higher risk in a/c } every single piece of metal is connected together to form a constant circuit so that all parts are kept at a common potential – this is known as bonding [page break] [underlined] Describe method of ignition screening and reason for its necessity. [/underlined] 1/ To prevent ignition currents interfering with the wireless apparatus in the a/c it is necessary to surround whole of ignition apparatus ie magneto’s, sparking plugs and wire connecting same with a metal covering which is earthed, this acts as screen and prevents electrical influence radiated from these parts from reaching the W/T sets. [underlined] Give brief description of an electrical night flying test (Pilots). [/underlined] Check form 700 Run up engine and check engine-driven generator See that crew know correct operation of charging switch Switch on and test navigation, cockpit & identification lights Check landing lamp. See flares are fitted. [underlined] What precautions must pilot observe if his W/T operator is using a trailing aerial? [/underlined] Aerials when not in use or when heavy static is experienced must be earthed by means of earthing switch. Pilots’ must not give permission to reel [page break] out the aerial until they are clear of all obstructions giving due regard to any accompanying a/c. A/c must not perform aerobatics. Aerial must be reeled in before landing. [underlined] State action to be taken when it is discovered that acid has been spilt from [deleted word] an accumulator in a/c [/underlined] Place a/c U.S. Report to N.C.O. i/c. flight & N.C.O. i/c. signals. Clean off any spilt acid carefully and neutralize with bi-carbonate of soda. Scrub affected parts thoroughly. [underlined] State what you know about regional control station with reference to D/F and assistance that can be given you. [/underlined] Each regional control station has a high frequency I/F station. Each station uses a different frequency, they are available to [deleted] you if [/deleted] give a/c bearings, courses to steer (A) positions & assist a/c to land by the live approach method. [page break] [underlined] Synchronized Stations (M/F) [/underlined] [underlined] Section D. [/underlined] Receiving Stations are Heston Hull Newcastle Transmitting Stations are Bristle [sic] Manchester Carlyle [sic] [underlined] Section K. [/underlined] Receiving Stations are Hull Heston Renrew [sic] Transmitting stations are Borough Hill Abingdon Church Fenton [page break] [underlined] Non-Synchronized stations for for [sic] use of bomber command. [/underlined] [underlined] Section A. [/underlined] Manchester Newton Ards [sic] Andover [underlined] Section E. [/underlined] [deleted] Brim [/deleted] Plymbton [sic] Bristol Scillys Portsmouth. [underlined] Section M. [/underlined] Sealand Andover Luchas [sic] [underlined] Section G. [/underlined] Birtram - Newton [sic] Lympe [sic] [underlined] Section H [/underlined] Tangmere Pullam [underlined] Note. [/underlined] Besides providing information for bomber a/c stations are used for identification purposes. [page break] [underlined] Regional Control Stations have two W/T stations on different frequencies [/underlined] 1/ Guard & safety wave on which information is given and for passing weather, state of landing grounds etc. also for passing messages when out of touch with parent unit 2/ H/F D/F station on which control is given and bearing (may courses to steer on) [page break] [blank page] [page break] 100% yesid [symbol] wreop [symbol] adfsk [symbol] zemnb [symbol] kljhi [symbol] potre [symbol] ulaow [symbol] mbcas [symbol] kadty [symbol] gdfto [symbol] phiop [symbol] lastr [symbol] cfgrt [symbol] fiopr [symbol] wrmnd [symbol] loptr [symbol] cxzer [symbol] berpo [symbol] ghdfj [symbol] ziowe [symbol] tiwhf [symbol] lhkfd [symbol] uirtw [symbol] dfjsa [symbol] cakmn [symbol] jitxe [symbol] [page break] 100% The / bellini/tosi / system, in this system two large loop aerials usually triangular in shape are set up/at the ground station at right angles to one an other with the ir / planes lying respectively north and south and east and west. 99% 78341 [symbol] 16739 [symbol] 55809 [symbol] 32471 [symbol] 83597 [symbol] 35471 [symbol] 80133 [symbol] 57931 [symbol] 71532 [symbol] 86520 [symbol] 43970 [symbol] 26718 [symbol] 32179 [symbol] 57234 [symbol] 89569 [symbol] 36170 [symbol] 48758 [symbol] 35171 [symbol] 45785 [symbol] 71538 [symbol] 54617 [symbol] 93761 [symbol] 31960 [symbol] 14365 [symbol] 100 SQHIO [symbol] PLYXZ [symbol] fgbqc [symbol] jupwt [symbol] zplxy [symbol] sacho [symbol] eyush [symbol] rhxga [symbol] gvesk [symbol] qtpjd [symbol] spfjz [symbol] qlgup [symbol] oztcy [symbol] sqoih [symbol] yxzlp [symbol] bgtgf [symbol] pwciy [symbol] wgres [symbol] tdhyd [symbol] [deleted] It two [/deleted] And two of such Are to last for the But/in/l ate r/ This has been omitted The contact To vary the time ng Ktreo sfwyx [two deleted words] 50175 07144 [page break] [blank page] [page break] reasons [indecipherable word] for running up. temperature 90° oil is thin. Lowest oil press. 60 lbs. [page break] [blank page] [page break] The/regeon-al[sic]/scheme/ of / air craft / control / has / been / designed / to / come / to / your / 100% fpsky [symbol] klngs [symbol] hyflp [symbol] exgtm [symbol] acdyb [symbol] zsotc [symbol] ripos [symbol] dbwis [symbol] lattx [symbol] zpfhi [symbol] 14950 [symbol] 26538 [symbol] 90321 [symbol] 54278 [symbol] 39672 [symbol] 87614 [symbol] 52339 [symbol] 45127 [symbol] 83456 [symbol] 78126 [symbol] Booking out aircraft. Messages reporting the movement of aircraft [deleted word] will be marked with priority imw grtant and dispatched through the/sta tion sign al / of / [page break] [blank page inside cover] [page break] Engines Pages 107 & 108 Page 43 Para 2. Section 1 Engines Section 2 Carburation Section 3 Object of Supercharging Section 4 Starting & running of engines - Running faults Section 5 Airscrew [a] OPERATION [b] MERLIN III [c] CHEETAH IX [a] TAKE OFF & CLIMB TO 1000 FT. [b] 3000 r.p.m. (II – 2850) AT + 6 1/4 LBS/[symbol]” BOOST [c] 2100 MAX 1925 MIN + 2 1/2 lbs/[symbol]” BOOST [a] MAX. CLIMBING (OVER 1000 ft.) [b] 2600 R.P.M. AT + 6 1/4 lbs/[symbol]” BOOST [c] 2100 r.p.m. AT + 1/2 lb. [symbol]” BOOST [a] MAX. “ALL OUT” LEVEL FLIGHT (5 min Limit) [b] 3000 R.P.M. AT 6 1/4 lbs [symbol]” BOOST [c] 2,425 R.P.M. AT + 1/2lb. BOOST [a] MAX. CRUISING IN RICH MIXTURE [b] 2600 R.P.M. AT + 4 1/2 lbs. BOOST [c] 2100 R.P.M. AT -1/4 lb. BOOST [a] MAX. CRUISING IN ECONOMICAL MIXTURE I.E. MIXTURE CONTROL “WEAK” [b] 2600 R.P.M. AT + 2 1/4 LBS. BOOST [c] 2100 R.P.M. AT - 1 LBS BOOST [a] RECOMMENDED FOR CONTINUOUS CRUISING [b] 0 TO + 1 lbs. BOOST [c] - 2 lbs. BOOST [page break] [blank page back cover] Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource RAF Notebook - signals and sundry notes Description An account of the resource Includes notes on; RAF signals, equipment and organisation, purpose and function, facilities, R/T and W/T, uses, lists of stations and other notes. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource L V Rosser Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Royal Air Force Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Text. Training material Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Multi-page notebook with handwritten notes Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context MRosserLV745193-190517-34 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Alan Pinchbeck aircrew training https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/1414/27941/MWareingR86325-161005-620001.1.jpg c6de31c64d1aad3de1aeb007f515bb87 https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/1414/27941/MWareingR86325-161005-620002.1.jpg 360e9befd5a93194d0cfeeb09da19096 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wareing, Robert R Wareing Description An account of the resource 258 items. The collection concerns Flight Lieutenant Robert Wareing DFC* (86325 Royal Air Force) and contains his flying logbooks, prisoner of war log book, memoirs, photographs, extensive personal and official correspondence, official documents, pilots/handling notes, decorations, mementos, uniform badges and buttons. He flew operations as a pilot with 106 Squadron. After a period of instructing he returned to operations on 582 Squadron but was shot down and became a prisoner of war. The collection was loaned to the IBCC Digital Archive for digitisation by Andrew Wareing and catalogued by Nigel Huckins. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2016-10-05 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Wareing, R Transcribed document A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Transcription Text transcribed from audio recording or document P.C. 139 (2nd revision.) [underlined] BRITISH POSTAL CENSORSHIP PRISONER OF WAR MAIL [/underlined] Your AIR-MAIL communication addressed to a prisoner of war is returned herewith for the reason (s) stated in the accompanying slip [deleted] s [/deleted] P.C. 108. Any letter to which objection is taken must be rewritten before being posted again. It is not sufficient merely to delete or excise certain words or passages. The envelope, which you prepaid for AIR-MAIL, may be used again for your next letter which should be posted, [underlined] WITH THIS SLIP, [/underlined] in a covering envelope (which need not be stamped) addressed to:- Office-in-charge, Postal & Telegraph Censorship, 25, Church Street, Manchester 4. No mention must be made of the return of this letter in any letter to prisoners of war and internees. D70730-1 10,000 D/d H.608 2/44 PRP EN 7968 [page break] P.C. 108 (Revised) [underlined] BRITISH POSTAL CENSORSHIP PRISONER OF WAR MAIL [/underlined] The Chief Postal Censor regrets that this letter must be returned to you to be re-written, omitting the passage which refers to an enemy broadcast. The Enemy is always trying to obtain a hearing in this country for his propaganda. You are asked not to help him by indicating, through a letter to a Prisoner of War, the places where his broadcasts have been heard or the impression made by the information given in his broadcasts. No mention of this letter having been returned must be made in any letter to Prisoners of War or In-ternees, nor may this slip be enclosed in a letter leaving the United Kingdom. 47M14366-1 D/d.225 6000 3/44 RP EN 7868 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Prisoner of war mail returned by censor Description An account of the resource Mail returned as it referred to an enemy broadcast. The government did not want the enemy to know that anyone listened in England to their broadcasts. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Postal and telegram censorship Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Two sided printed card Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Text. Correspondence Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context MWareingR86325-161005-62 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Civilian Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Great Britain England--Manchester England--Lancashire Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Alan Pinchbeck prisoner of war propaganda https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/1281/19964/EValentineUMValentineJRM420730-0001.2.jpg 39f95abaa4a17b42cc646174d9aae5f9 https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/1281/19964/EValentineUMValentineJRM420730-0002.2.jpg 74a9a537cd6bae8a5fe8d64976fdb810 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Valentine, John John Ross Mckenzie Valentine J R M Valentine Description An account of the resource 674 Items. Collection concerns navigator Warrant Officer J R McKenzie Valentine (1251404 Royal Air Force). The collection contains over 600 letters between JRM Valentine and his wife Ursula. It also contains his log book, family/official documents, a book of violin music studies and other correspondence. Sub-collections contain family photographs, prisoner of war photographs and a scrapbook of newspaper cuttings of events from 1942 to 1945. He joined 49 Squadron in April 1942 and flew 10 operations on Hampdens. The squadron converted to Manchester in May when he completed two further operations. His aircraft was shot down on the Thousand Bomber raid of 30/31 May 1942. Five crew, including him bailed out successfully and became prisoners of war. The pilot and one air gunner were killed when the aircraft rolled over and crashed. The collection has been donated to the IBCC Digital Archive by Frances Zagni and catalogued by Nigel Huckins. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2018-09-06 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Valentine, JRM Transcribed document A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Transcription Text transcribed from audio recording or document Start of transcription From Mrs J.R.M. Valentine Lido Tenterden Grove, Hendon London. N.W.4 July 30th 24/8 [underlined] No. 10. [/underlined] I wrote to the Unit about the £5.10.0. you said you’d left in your locker, & had a reply to say only £3 had been found & credited to you. The officer in charge is very perturbed & asks you to confirm the amount and describe exactly where you left it. By the time he gets a reply via me from you it will be a bit late to institute inquiries - but still! I’m pining for a letter from you, haven’t heard for three weeks. I hope we get your p.o.w. number soon so that we can start sending books etc. All flourishing this end & thinking of you constantly. All my love, Ursula. Vera Boweck’s son born last Sunday! [page break] [front of postcard] POST CARD AIR MAIL [postmark] [underlined] PRISONER OF WAR POST KRIEGSGEFANGENENPOST [/underlined] 1251404 Sergeant Valentine J.R.M., British Prisoner of War. [underlined] Stammlager Luft 111 [/underlined] Germany. [censors stamp] Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Postcard to prisoner of war John Valentine from his wife Ursula Description An account of the resource Writes of her attempts to recover money that he left in his locker. Says no letter from him for three weeks. Hopes to get his prisoner of war number so she can send him books. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1942-07-30 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Alan Pinchbeck Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Two sided handwritten postcard Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Text. Correspondence Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context EValentineUMValentineJRM420730 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Civilian Royal Air Force Royal Air Force. Bomber Command Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Great Britain Poland Poland--Żagań England--London Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1942-07-30 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ursula Valentine prisoner of war Stalag Luft 3 https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/1281/19232/EValentineJRMValentineUM421124-0001.1.jpg e60fb8abbbb41df390d8561c32310971 https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/1281/19232/EValentineJRMValentineUM421124-0002.1.jpg 6fc48759630005e9499f1bef09c8938a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Valentine, John John Ross Mckenzie Valentine J R M Valentine Description An account of the resource 674 Items. Collection concerns navigator Warrant Officer J R McKenzie Valentine (1251404 Royal Air Force). The collection contains over 600 letters between JRM Valentine and his wife Ursula. It also contains his log book, family/official documents, a book of violin music studies and other correspondence. Sub-collections contain family photographs, prisoner of war photographs and a scrapbook of newspaper cuttings of events from 1942 to 1945. He joined 49 Squadron in April 1942 and flew 10 operations on Hampdens. The squadron converted to Manchester in May when he completed two further operations. His aircraft was shot down on the Thousand Bomber raid of 30/31 May 1942. Five crew, including him bailed out successfully and became prisoners of war. The pilot and one air gunner were killed when the aircraft rolled over and crashed. The collection has been donated to the IBCC Digital Archive by Frances Zagni and catalogued by Nigel Huckins. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2018-09-06 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Valentine, JRM Transcribed document A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Transcription Text transcribed from audio recording or document Start of transcription [front of postcard] [underlined] NUMBER 30 [/underlined] Kriegsgefangenenlager Datum: 24-11-42 Still no further mail from you or anyone else. The “medical comforts” parcel arrived today containing 1 bottle Argotone & 1 packet of Magnesia tablets. [underlined] More of the former might be useful. [/underlined] My fathers 3rd tobacco parcel also come today for which please thank him. Have been reading a few books about the country & intend discussing our future home in my next letter. Life is as uneventful here as ever, heavy snow being the only new feature. Our “Red X” Xmas parcels have arrived on the camp but will not of course be distributed until the appropriate time, which will be before you get this. Hope you all had a good time & that Frances enjoyed her 2nd Xmas. Did she recognise anything special about the occasion. [underlined] Very glad to have Argotone as I am having a spot of bother in that direction. [/underlined] Love to all John. [page break] [rear of postcard] Kriegsgefangenenpost [postmark] Postkarte An Gebührenfrei! MRS U M VALENTINE Empfangsort: LIDO TENTERDEN GROVE Straße: HENDON, LONDON NW4 Land: ENGLAND Landesteil (Provinz usw.) Absender: Vor- and Zuname: Sgt JRM VALENTINE Gefangenennummer: 450 Lager-Bezeichnung: M,-Stammlager Luft 3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Postcard from John Valentine to his wife Ursula Description An account of the resource Number 30. Writes that medical comforts parcel (lists contents) and tobacco from father had arrived. Writes of his activities and weather. Christmas Red Cross parcels have arrived. Hopes daughter Frances had good Christmas. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1942-11-24 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Alan Pinchbeck Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Two sided handwritten postcard Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Text. Correspondence Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context EValentineJRMValentineUM421124 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Civilian Royal Air Force Royal Air Force. Bomber Command Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Poland Poland--Żagań Great Britain England--London Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1942-11-24 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource John Ross Mckenzie Valentine prisoner of war Red Cross Stalag Luft 3 https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/1281/19110/EValentineJRMValentineUM401130-010002.2.jpg f97b90e8f03c0ea3a5997af93cc134f0 https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/1281/19110/EValentineJRMValentineUM401130-010001.2.jpg 14adf463bb69299ee3e710291bbda93a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Valentine, John John Ross Mckenzie Valentine J R M Valentine Description An account of the resource 674 Items. Collection concerns navigator Warrant Officer J R McKenzie Valentine (1251404 Royal Air Force). The collection contains over 600 letters between JRM Valentine and his wife Ursula. It also contains his log book, family/official documents, a book of violin music studies and other correspondence. Sub-collections contain family photographs, prisoner of war photographs and a scrapbook of newspaper cuttings of events from 1942 to 1945. He joined 49 Squadron in April 1942 and flew 10 operations on Hampdens. The squadron converted to Manchester in May when he completed two further operations. His aircraft was shot down on the Thousand Bomber raid of 30/31 May 1942. Five crew, including him bailed out successfully and became prisoners of war. The pilot and one air gunner were killed when the aircraft rolled over and crashed. The collection has been donated to the IBCC Digital Archive by Frances Zagni and catalogued by Nigel Huckins. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2018-09-06 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Valentine, JRM Transcribed document A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Transcription Text transcribed from audio recording or document Start of transcription [post mark] [postage stamp] Mrs Valentine Lido Tenterden Grove Hendon London. NW4 [page break] R.A.F. Station Grantham 30-11-40 Darling Ursula Sorry I can’t let you have my permanent address. We have discovered that our present quarters are only temporary. I am in the middle of writing a letter giving a little more detail of my activities & it should reach you shortly after this. I feel very dubious about the possibility of being able to arrange anything for Mon - Wed. We are still [underlined] completely [/underlined] in the dark about our duties & times therof. [sic] Will let you know everything as soon as I can. Fondest love John Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Postcard from John Valentine to his wife Ursula Description An account of the resource A postcard from John Valentine to his wife Ursula written from RAF Grantham. He tells her that this is not his permanent address and that they are still in the dark about future duties. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1940-11-30 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource One page handwritten postcard Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Text. Correspondence Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context EValentineJRMValentineUM401130-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Civilian Royal Air Force Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Great Britain England--Lincolnshire England--Grantham England--London Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1940-11-30 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Alan Pinchbeck Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource John Ross Mckenzie Valentine military service conditions https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/files/original/1376/24335/MFordTA1585520-170411-24.2.jpg bd678100f00dc8b38b09f67406cec013 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ford, Terry Ford, T Description An account of the resource 135 items. The collection concerns Terry Ford. He flew operations as a pilot with 75 Squadron. It contains photographs, his log book, operational maps, letters home during training, and documents including emergency drills. There are two albums of photographs, one of navigation logs, and another of target photographs. The collection has been donated to the IBCC Digital Archive by Julia Burke and catalogued by Barry Hunter. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-03-13 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. Some items have not been published in order to protect the privacy of third parties, to comply with intellectual property regulations, or have been assessed as medium or low priority according to the IBCC Digital Archive collection policy and will therefore be published at a later stage. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal, https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/collection-policy. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Ford, T Access Rights Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies. Permission granted for commercial projects Transcribed document A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Transcription Text transcribed from audio recording or document [underlined] PARACHUTE DRILL (EMERGENCY) - LANCASTER. [/underlined] [underlined] (This Drill assumes that all Members of the crew are at their normal stations.) [/underlined] CAPTAIN. — At controls, orders “Put on Parachute” — At controls, orders “Jump, Jump” — At con-trols. — At controls. — Engages auto pilot and destroys IFF. — Leaves Controls. Fits pack and leaves a/c by front hatch, facing forward, head first. BOMB AIMER. — Acknowledges order. fits pack. — Jettisons front hatch. — Faces [underlined] FOR-WARD [/underlined] and leaves by front hatch head first. F/ENGINEER. — Acknowledges order; fits pack. — Prepares to move down to front compartment. — Moves down to front compartment. — Faces forward and leaves a/c by front hatch head first. NAVIGATOR. — Acknowledges order; fits pack. — Moves up behind Flight Engineer. — Prepares to move into front compartment. — Moves down to front compartment. — Faces forward and leaves a/c by front hatch head first. W/OPERATOR. — Acknowledges order; fits pack. — Moves down to behind M/U. Gunner. — At fuse-lage door. — At fuselage door. — Leaves a/c by fuselage door. Method as for M/U Gunner. M/U GUNNER. — Acknowledges order. Leaves Turret. Fits pack from stowage. — Moves down to fu-selage doors and opens it. — Sits on steps of fuselage door facing aft with knees drawn up and hands clasped round Knees and rolls out sideways. REAR GUNNER. — Acknowledges order. Leaves Turret. Fits pack from stowage. — Moves forward to fuselage door. — At fuselage door. — Leaves a/c by fuselage door. Method as for M/U Gunner. NOTES:- (1) If B/Aimer is in front turret he acknowledges order “Jump”, leaves turret and then carries out drill as above. (2) If jump is predetermined (e.g. bad weather, short of petrol etc, crew must remain on inter-com until executive order “jump” is given by Pilot. (3) Helmets must be taken off before jumping. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Parachute Drill (Emergency) - Lancaster Description An account of the resource Actions to be performed by each crew member after the order to 'put on parachute' has been made. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource One typed sheet Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Text. Service material Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context MFordTA1585520-170411-24 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Royal Air Force Royal Air Force. Bomber Command Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IBCC Digital Archive Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This content is available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International license (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0). It has been published ‘as is’ and may contain inaccuracies or culturally inappropriate references that do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the University of Lincoln or the International Bomber Command Centre. For more information, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ and https://ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk/omeka/legal. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Alan Pinchbeck air gunner aircrew bale out flight engineer Lancaster navigator pilot wireless operator